208:
and treating them, during a time when syphilis was widespread in poor
African-American communities. The Fund ended its involvement in 1932, due to lack of matching state funds (the Fund required jurisdictions to contribute to efforts to increase collaboration on solving problems). After the Fund
105:
from the political system in southern states at the turn of the 20th century. The Fund required white school boards to agree to operate such schools and to arrange for matching funds, in addition to requiring black communities to raise funds or donate property and labor to construct the schools.
133:, whose father received a Rosenwald fellowship, has called the list of grantees a "Who's Who of black America in the 1930s and 1940s." Hundreds of grants were disbursed to artists, writers and other cultural figures, many of whom became prominent or already were, including photographers
213:
began later that year, tracking the progress of untreated disease, and took advantage of poor participants by not informing them fully of its constraints. Even after penicillin became recognized as approved treatment for this disease, researchers did not treat the study participants.
1988:
STITELY, THOMAS BEANE.   "BRIDGING THE GAP: A HISTORY OF THE ROSENWALD FUND IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL NEGRO SCHOOLS IN TENNESSEE 1912-1932." (PhD dissertation, Peabody
College for Teachers of Vanderbilt University) ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
61:
Unlike other endowed foundations, which were designed to fund themselves in perpetuity, the
Rosenwald Fund was designed to expend all of its funds for philanthropic purposes before a predetermined "sunset date." It donated over $ 70 million to
201:. Fellowships of around $ 1,000 to $ 2,000 were given out yearly to applicants and were usually designed to be open-ended; the Foundation requested but did not require grantees to report back on what they accomplished with the support.
2058:
92:
The rural school building program for
African-American children was one of the largest programs administered by the Rosenwald Fund. Over $ 4.4 million in matching funds stimulated construction of more than 5,000
1958:
Lindermuth, Karen Elaine. "Early twentieth century
American capitalist philanthropy: Julius Rosenwald" (PhD dissertation,  California State University, Dominguez Hills; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
1744:
1791:
129:
The
Rosenwald Fund also made fellowship grants directly to African-American artists, writers, researchers and intellectuals between 1928 and 1948. Civil rights leader
2043:
917:
1599:
1591:
1465:
2053:
209:
ceased its involvement, the federal government decided to take over the funding and changed its mission to being a non-therapeutic study. The infamous
204:
In 1929, the
Rosenwald Fund funded a syphilis treatment pilot program in five Southern states. The Rosenwald project emphasized locating people with
1508:
1930:
1916:
1897:
222:
This is a selected list of notable
Rosenwald Fund Fellowship recipients from the years the fund's fellowship program was active, 1928-1948.
2018:
2048:
2028:
1745:"The Campaign To Create a Julius Rosenwald& Rosenwald Schools National Historical Park Historic Context Inventory & Analysis"
102:
2063:
123:
1818:
1803:
1714:
17:
101:, where public schools were segregated and black schools had been chronically underfunded. This was particularly so after
1772:
1981:
1855:
63:
53:
in 1895, serving as its president from 1908 to 1922, and chairman of its board of directors until his death in 1932.
1913:
You Need a
Schoolhouse: Booker T. Washington, Julius Rosenwald, and the Building of Schools for the Segregated South
1894:
Julius
Rosenwald: The Man Who Built Sears, Roebuck and Advanced the Cause of Black Education in the American South
513:
1364:
650:
325:
2068:
50:
2006:
1050:
1044:
1978:
Edwin Rogers Embree: The Julius Rosenwald Fund, Foundation Philanthropy, and American Race Relations
1384:
1125:
820:
783:
563:
1925:
1643:
1093:
959:
741:
698:
210:
1847:
1840:
1208:
1177:
1165:
1081:
832:
735:
674:
662:
288:
264:
98:
1403:
1267:
1183:
1068:
1014:
1008:
777:
729:
632:
482:
452:
1706:
1677:
1514:
1261:
1159:
1087:
1032:
911:
789:
747:
686:
656:
644:
252:
233:
178:
8:
1605:
1579:
1560:
1538:
1390:
1273:
1026:
844:
826:
638:
434:
190:
111:
1730:
1585:
1425:
1230:
965:
905:
856:
850:
668:
626:
588:
557:
373:
361:
337:
270:
27:
Established in 1917 by Julius Rosenwald and his family for "the well-being of mankind."
313:
1851:
1799:
1710:
1699:
1657:
1445:
1415:
1171:
1038:
990:
974:, historian and first Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago; returning fellow in 1942
923:
607:
501:
476:
367:
138:
370:, librarian, bibliographer, and curator; 1930-1931 fellowship, returning fellow 1944
1964:
Mays, Russell O. "Julius Rosenwald: Building Partnerships for American Education."
1701:
Strangers & Neighbors: Relations Between Blacks & Jews in the United States
1662:
1631:
1554:
1437:
1242:
1145:
1115:
1020:
977:
953:
935:
899:
893:
801:
765:
753:
704:
620:
582:
488:
446:
443:, sociologist, historian, writer, civil rights activist; returning fellow 1933-1934
440:
392:
343:
319:
182:
158:
150:
118:." In some communities, surviving structures have been preserved and recognized as
115:
86:
82:
46:
1969:
1921:
1672:
1326:
1313:
1279:
996:
881:
875:
759:
680:
576:
519:
507:
458:
428:
307:
301:
194:
162:
94:
1637:
1611:
1526:
1502:
1457:
1378:
1372:
1202:
1196:
1139:
1133:
1002:
941:
869:
838:
795:
710:
551:
532:
470:
276:
258:
174:
166:
154:
49:
and his family for "the well-being of mankind." Rosenwald became part-owner of
1871:
395:, historian, social scientist, and college administrator; 1931-1932 fellowship
2037:
1573:
1520:
1496:
1490:
1451:
1358:
1336:
1299:
1289:
1248:
1236:
1216:
1062:
1056:
971:
929:
771:
723:
579:, sociologist and anthropologist; 1935-1937 fellowship, returning fellow 1946
538:
464:
404:
282:
246:
170:
2059:
African-American history between emancipation and the civil rights movement
1819:
Kenneth Turan, "Review 'Rosenwald' reveals a philanthropist with a mission"
1623:
1471:
1409:
1344:
1305:
1153:
1071:, literary scholar, writer, and civil rights activist; 1941-1942 fellowship
692:
594:
422:
398:
331:
146:
142:
134:
71:
1752:
Julius Rosenwald & Rosenwald Schools National Historical Park Campaign
1667:
1617:
1546:
1532:
1099:
947:
887:
410:
379:
355:
186:
130:
1477:
1350:
1222:
1105:
814:
416:
107:
1796:
A Force for Change: African American Art and the Julius Rosenwald Fund
962:, civil rights lawyer, university dean, and D.C. Superior Court Judge
732:, political scientist and civil rights activist; 1938-1940 fellowship
560:, research chemist and pharmaceutical innovator; 1934-1935 fellowship
349:
198:
119:
1035:, sociologist, historian, and preservationist; returning fellow 1944
641:, political scientist and university president; 1937-1938 fellowship
1582:, Tuskegee Airman, television and radio host, and college president
1431:
205:
97:(and larger ones), as well as shops and teachers' homes, mostly in
67:
75:
461:, poet, activist, novelist and playwright, returning fellow 1941
285:, social worker, politician, and activist; 1929-1930 fellowship
79:
1029:, teacher, civil rights activist, and education administrator
1939:
Investment in People: The Story of the Julius Rosenwald Fund
1904:
The North Star: Julius Rosenwald's Impact Upon Black America
896:, lawyer, civil rights activist, and US District Court judge
122:
for their historical character and social significance. The
89:
institutions before funds were completely depleted in 1948.
1440:, pianist, composer and musicologist; returning fellow 1948
1186:, nuclear scientist, mechanical engineer and mathematician
689:, physicist and university president; 1937-1938 fellowship
110:
of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute (now known as
841:, sociologist, writer, and diplomat; 1939-1940 fellowship
1774:
Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just
413:, diplomat, writer and translator; returning fellow 1937
1896:(Indiana University Press, 2006), the major biography.
1798:. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. p. 11.
1168:, psychologist, writer, and civil rights legal theorist
1996:
Julius Rosenwald: The Life of a Practical Humanitarian
1705:. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. p.
1233:, novelist and journalist; returning fellow 1945, 1947
738:, writer, composer, and activist; 1938-1939 fellowship
261:, Methodist bishop, college president, and sociologist
726:, poet, writer, and librarian; returning fellow 1942
1156:, photographer, musician, writer, and film director
774:, chemist and Olympic athlete; 1938-1939 fellowship
346:, librarian and bibliographer; 1930-1931 fellowship
1839:
1698:
1023:, storyteller and radio host; 1941-1942 fellowship
1948:(National Trust for Historic Preservation, 2003).
491:, composer and musicologist; 1931-1932 fellowship
236:, writer and activist; returning fellow 1930-1931
106:These schools, constructed to models designed by
2044:Educational charities based in the United States
2035:
1047:, economist, civil rights activist, and diplomat
585:, dancer and choreographer; 1935-1936 fellowship
334:, physician, public health pioneer, and activist
217:
1902:Burton, Charles Wesley and Laura Dancy Burton,
1308:, lawyer, activist, writer and Episcopal priest
859:, sociolinguist; returning fellow 1940 and 1945
713:, sociologist and writer; returning fellow 1939
707:, sociologist and writer; returning fellow 1939
2019:"Historic Black Schools Restored as Landmarks"
291:, composer and violinist; 1929-1931 fellowship
817:, writer, educator, and civil rights activist
2029:Diane Granat, "Saving the Rosenwald Schools"
516:, anthropologist; returning fellow 1939-1940
1953:The Rosenwald Schools of the American South
1842:Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
1626:, dancer, choreographer, and anthropologist
1005:, physicist, chemist, and college president
908:, social psychologist; 1940-1942 fellowship
504:, education reformer and university founder
126:has classified them as National Treasures.
1825:, 27 August 2015, accessed 2 November 2015
2054:History of education in the United States
1620:, pastor, theologian, and university dean
1576:, novelist, playwright, poet and activist
1270:, civil rights activist and social worker
1790:
1517:, politician and social justice advocate
1142:, social scientist and college president
993:, social scientist and college president
597:, writer and poet; returning fellow 1943
255:, economist; returning fellow 1939, 1945
124:National Trust for Historic Preservation
1915:(Northwestern University Press, 2011).
1872:"The Phoenix Index 04 May 1940, page 4"
1833:
1831:
1090:, folklorist, poet, and literary critic
920:, literary critic; 1940-1941 fellowship
566:, mathematician, sociologist and writer
14:
2036:
2001:Wilcox, Ralph S. "Rosenwald Schools,"
1563:, physician and public health official
792:, historian, classicist, and diplomat
591:, writer, anthropologist and filmmaker
364:, sociologist and university president
1926:Julius Rosenwald: Repairing the World
1846:. New York: The Free Press. pp.
1837:
1696:
1505:, historian and civil rights activist
653:, mathematician; 1937-1938 fellowship
479:, pianist, composer, and musicologist
419:, economist and civil rights activist
304:, psychoanalyst; 1930-1932 fellowship
1955:(University Press of Florida, 2006).
1937:Embree, Edwin R., and Julia Waxman.
1828:
1786:
1784:
1608:, economist and university president
853:, politician and governor of Georgia
695:, journalist and newspaper publisher
352:, opera singer; 1930-1931 fellowship
956:economist and civil rights activist
425:, psychologist and social scientist
24:
1886:
1541:, novelist, actor and screenwriter
1136:, historian; returning fellow 1944
1065:, archaeologist and anthropologist
829:, historian; returning fellow 1945
701:, historian; returning fellow 1945
554:, historian; returning fellow 1940
401:, political scientist and diplomat
25:
2080:
2049:Organizations established in 1917
2012:
1929:. (Yale University Press, 2017).
1781:
1353:, conductor; 1945-1946 fellowship
804:, sociologist and university dean
768:, anatomist; 1938-1939 fellowship
750:educator and university president
744:, lawyer and university president
671:, historian; 1937-1938 fellowship
635:, lawyer and university president
541:, journalist, lawyer and activist
340:social worker and university dean
103:disenfranchisement of most blacks
1535:, composer; 1947-1948 fellowship
1102:, poet, novelist, and playwright
847:, composer; 1939-1940 fellowship
798:, composer; 1938-1939 fellowship
683:, diplomat; 1937-1938 fellowship
431:, surgeon and medical researcher
279:, sculptor; 1929-1931 fellowship
2064:African Americans and education
1523:, writer and U.S. Poet Laureate
1329:, painter; 1945-1946 fellowship
1041:, artist, writer, and historian
944:, painter; 1940-1942 fellowship
938:, chemist; 1940-1941 fellowship
762:, geographer and anthropologist
1864:
1812:
1766:
1737:
1731:"Prison Public Memory Project"
1723:
1690:
1480:, painter and textile designer
1428:, dentist and dental historian
1418:, artist; 1946-1947 fellowship
1367:, novelist and literary critic
1361:, novelist and literary critic
1251:, artist; 1943-1944 fellowship
1211:, poet, writer, and folklorist
1180:, artist; 1942-1943 fellowship
1011:, physician and anthropologist
872:, artist; 1940-1941 fellowship
835:, writer; 1939-1940 fellowship
13:
1:
1683:
1347:, artist, musician and dancer
968:, linguist and anthropologist
677:, sociologist and demographer
218:Notable fellowship recipients
45:) was established in 1917 by
1998:(Harper and Brothers, 1939).
1946:Preserving Rosenwald Schools
1941:(Harper and Brothers, 1949).
1529:, writer and literary critic
322:, developmental psychologist
157:, anthropologist and dancer
7:
1651:
1434:, composer and musicologist
1393:, pianist and music teacher
659:, writer and labor activist
651:William Schieffelin Claytor
382:, sociologist and archivist
326:William Stanley Braithwaite
43:Julius Rosenwald Foundation
10:
2085:
1339:, dancer and choreographer
1051:Samuel Z. Westerfield, Jr.
884:, physician and politician
56:
51:Sears, Roebuck and Company
1778:Kenneth R. Manning, 1985.
1697:Adams, Maurianne (2000).
1128:, psychiatrist and writer
1045:Mabel Murphy Smythe-Haith
914:, writer and college dean
449:, historian and archivist
2003:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1838:Jones, James H. (1993).
1644:Samuel Reid Spencer, Jr.
1602:, poet and social worker
1387:, opera singer and actor
1381:, painter and playwright
1276:, sociologist and writer
1126:Margaret Morgan Lawrence
1053:, economist and diplomat
960:James A. Washington, Jr.
821:John Whitefield Kendrick
647:, sociologist and writer
407:, agricultural scientist
358:, agricultural scientist
1982:excerpt and text search
1567:
1557:, documentary filmmaker
1484:
1397:
1320:
1255:
1190:
1075:
984:
918:Charles Twitchell Davis
863:
808:
742:Rufus Carrollton Harris
717:
699:Benjamin Arthur Quarles
629:, folklorist and writer
614:
610:, civil rights activist
601:
570:
545:
526:
495:
455:, surgeon and physician
386:
295:
240:
227:
211:Tuskegee syphilis study
1951:Hoffschwelle, Mary S.
1944:Hoffschwelle, Mary S.
1640:, artist and gallerist
1438:Natalie Leota Hinderas
1209:Marcus Bruce Christian
1166:Charles Henry Thompson
1063:Gordon Randolph Willey
1017:, physician and writer
736:Shirley Graham Du Bois
730:John Aubrey Davis, Sr.
675:Margaret Jarman Hagood
535:, composer and pianist
289:Clarence Cameron White
265:Flemmie Pansy Kittrell
1966:Professional Educator
1586:William James Cousins
1268:Esther Cooper Jackson
1264:, lawyer and activist
1184:J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.
1069:Margaret Just Butcher
1015:Helen Octavia Dickens
1009:William Montague Cobb
954:William J. Trent, Jr.
902:, social psychologist
790:Frank M. Snowden, Jr.
778:Ira De Augustine Reid
645:Horace R. Cayton, Jr.
633:Harmon White Caldwell
483:William Edouard Scott
453:Roscoe Conkling Giles
39:Julius Rosenwald Fund
18:Julius Rosenwald Fund
1911:Deutsch, Stephanie.
1678:Booker T. Washington
1580:Roscoe C. Brown, Jr.
1515:Grace Towns Hamilton
1262:Margaret Bush Wilson
1172:Charles Henry Townes
1160:Clarence F. Stephens
1088:Sterling Allen Brown
1033:Adelaide M. Cromwell
912:Marion Vera Cuthbert
748:George Duke Humphrey
687:James Raymond Lawson
681:Clinton Everett Knox
657:Frank Marshall Davis
510:, education reformer
467:, education reformer
376:, education reformer
253:Abram Lincoln Harris
249:, nurse and activist
234:James Weldon Johnson
179:James Weldon Johnson
114:), became known as "
35:Rosenwald Foundation
1980:(Indiana UP, 2011)
1646:, college president
1561:Alonzo Smythe Yerby
1539:Thomas Hal Phillips
1391:Alma Stone Williams
1274:E. Franklin Frazier
1219:, singer-songwriter
1027:Cornelius Golightly
845:William Grant Still
827:Lawrence D. Reddick
639:John Tyler Caldwell
435:Louis Israel Dublin
191:Theodore K. Lawless
112:Tuskegee University
33:(also known as the
1994:Werner, Morris R.
1968:28.2 (2006): 1-8.
1600:Elizabeth L. Sturz
1594:, fashion designer
1426:Clifton O. Dummett
1365:Elizabeth Hardwick
1205:, fashion designer
966:Mark Hanna Watkins
857:Lorenzo Dow Turner
851:Melvin E. Thompson
669:John Hope Franklin
627:Benjamin A. Botkin
589:Zora Neale Hurston
558:Percy Lavon Julian
374:Carleton Washburne
362:Charles S. Johnson
338:Ethel McGhee Davis
271:Ruby Stutts Lyells
31:The Rosenwald Fund
2069:Rosenwald schools
1976:Perkins, Alfred.
1892:Ascoli, Peter M.
1823:Los Angeles Times
1805:978-0-8101-2588-9
1716:978-1-5584-9236-3
1658:Rosenwald Schools
1466:Dave Masato Okada
1446:John Tate Lanning
1416:Elizabeth Catlett
1316:, poet and writer
1039:Thomas C. Lea III
991:Cleo W. Blackburn
924:Edwin Adams Davis
608:Josephine Wilkins
502:Wallace A. Battle
477:Camille Nickerson
368:Dorothy B. Porter
139:Elizabeth Catlett
116:Rosenwald Schools
16:(Redirected from
2076:
1989:1975. 7522292).
1959:2002. 1409066).
1880:
1879:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1845:
1835:
1826:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1792:Schulman, Daniel
1788:
1779:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1749:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1704:
1694:
1663:Rosenwald (film)
1632:Oscar W. Ritchie
1555:George C. Stoney
1521:Robert E. Hayden
1243:Julius H. Taylor
1146:Jesse W. Markham
1116:William Fontaine
1021:John Henry Faulk
978:C. Vann Woodward
936:Henry Aaron Hill
900:Kenneth B. Clark
894:Robert L. Carter
802:Joseph T. Taylor
766:Ruth Smith Lloyd
754:Lewis Wade Jones
724:Arna W. Bontemps
705:Bonita H. Valien
621:Lewis White Beck
583:Katherine Dunham
489:John W. Work III
447:Ruth Anna Fisher
393:Horace Mann Bond
344:Mollie E. Dunlap
320:William E. Blatz
189:, dermatologist
181:, psychologists
159:Katherine Dunham
151:Dr. Charles Drew
95:one-room schools
87:African American
47:Julius Rosenwald
21:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2034:
2033:
2023:New York Times,
2015:
1922:Diner, Hasia R.
1889:
1887:Further reading
1884:
1883:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1836:
1829:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1789:
1782:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1673:Henry H. Rogers
1654:
1649:
1606:Samuel L. Myers
1592:L'Tanya Griffin
1570:
1487:
1406:, mathematician
1400:
1385:Kenneth Spencer
1327:Conrad Albrizio
1323:
1314:Margaret Walker
1280:Robert Gwathmey
1258:
1193:
1162:, mathematician
1108:, mathematician
1078:
999:, mathematician
997:David Blackwell
987:
932:, archaeologist
882:Paul P. Boswell
876:William Attaway
866:
811:
784:Charles Shannon
760:Fred B. Kniffen
720:
693:Ralph E. McGill
617:
604:
577:St. Clair Drake
573:
548:
529:
520:Ellsworth Faris
508:Ambrose Caliver
498:
459:Langston Hughes
429:Charles R. Drew
389:
314:Richmond Barthé
308:Marian Anderson
302:Franz Alexander
298:
243:
230:
225:
220:
195:Langston Hughes
163:Marian Anderson
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2014:
2013:External links
2011:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1973:
1972:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1919:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1876:Newspapers.com
1863:
1856:
1827:
1811:
1804:
1780:
1765:
1736:
1722:
1715:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1638:Haywood Rivers
1635:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1612:Marion Perkins
1609:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1527:Blyden Jackson
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1503:Edward Burrows
1500:
1494:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1474:, photographer
1469:
1463:
1461:
1458:Willard Motley
1455:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1379:Charles Sebree
1376:
1373:Winifred Mason
1370:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1231:Thomas Sancton
1228:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1203:Mildred Blount
1200:
1197:Julien Binford
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1140:Herman H. Long
1137:
1134:Arthur S. Link
1131:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1094:Joseph Delaney
1091:
1085:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1003:Herman Branson
1000:
994:
986:
983:
982:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
942:Jacob Lawrence
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
906:Mamie P. Clark
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
870:Charles Alston
865:
862:
861:
860:
854:
848:
842:
839:Hugh H. Smythe
836:
830:
824:
818:
810:
807:
806:
805:
799:
796:Howard Swanson
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:Preston Valien
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
616:
613:
612:
611:
603:
600:
599:
598:
592:
586:
580:
572:
569:
568:
567:
561:
555:
552:Lorenzo Greene
547:
544:
543:
542:
536:
533:Margaret Bonds
528:
525:
524:
523:
517:
511:
505:
497:
494:
493:
492:
486:
480:
474:
471:Raphael Lanier
468:
462:
456:
450:
444:
441:W.E.B. Du Bois
438:
437:, statistician
432:
426:
420:
414:
408:
402:
396:
388:
385:
384:
383:
377:
371:
365:
359:
353:
347:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
310:, opera singer
305:
297:
294:
293:
292:
286:
280:
277:Augusta Savage
274:
268:
267:, nutritionist
262:
259:Willis J. King
256:
250:
242:
239:
238:
237:
229:
226:
224:
219:
216:
175:W.E.B. Du Bois
167:Winifred Mason
165:, silversmith
155:Augusta Savage
64:public schools
58:
55:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2081:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2027:
2025:Jan. 15, 2010
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1859:
1857:0-02-916676-4
1853:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1718:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:, sociologist
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:, sociologist
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:James Baldwin
1572:
1571:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1509:Martin Dibner
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:Byron Burford
1495:
1492:
1491:William Artis
1489:
1488:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:, sociologist
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:Walter McAfee
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1359:Ralph Ellison
1357:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:Janet Collins
1335:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:Rayford Logan
1298:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:Chester Himes
1288:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1250:
1249:Hale Woodruff
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:Hudson Strode
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:Woody Guthrie
1215:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1178:Charles White
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:, philosopher
1117:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
988:
979:
976:
973:
972:Eric Williams
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
867:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
833:Lillian Smith
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
812:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
780:, sociologist
779:
776:
773:
772:James LuValle
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
756:, sociologist
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
663:Aaron Douglas
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
623:, philosopher
622:
619:
618:
609:
606:
605:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
574:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
549:
540:
539:John P. Davis
537:
534:
531:
530:
522:, sociologist
521:
518:
515:
514:Allison Davis
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
499:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
465:Henry A. Hunt
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
390:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
299:
290:
287:
284:
283:Julian Steele
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
247:Frances Davis
245:
244:
235:
232:
231:
223:
215:
212:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
171:Ralph Ellison
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
100:
96:
90:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2022:
2002:
1995:
1977:
1965:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1924:
1912:
1903:
1893:
1875:
1866:
1841:
1822:
1814:
1795:
1773:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1751:
1739:
1725:
1700:
1692:
1624:Pearl Primus
1472:Marion Palfi
1454:, astronomer
1412:, journalist
1410:Nat Caldwell
1345:Woody Crumbo
1306:Pauli Murray
1225:, journalist
1154:Gordon Parks
930:James A Ford
595:Claude McKay
564:Kelly Miller
423:John Dollard
399:Ralph Bunche
332:Paul Cornely
221:
203:
193:, and poets
147:Claude McKay
143:Marion Palfi
135:Gordon Parks
128:
91:
72:universities
60:
42:
38:
34:
30:
29:
1668:Julian Mack
1618:Liston Pope
1547:John Rhoden
1533:Ulysses Kay
1448:, historian
1404:Evelyn Boyd
1302:, historian
1245:, physicist
1174:, physicist
1148:, economist
1100:Owen Dodson
1082:Thomas Bell
1059:, historian
980:, historian
948:Ulysses Lee
926:, historian
888:Selma Burke
823:, economist
411:Mercer Cook
380:Monroe Work
356:Simon Haley
273:, librarian
187:Mamie Clark
131:Julian Bond
2038:Categories
1684:References
1614:, sculptor
1549:, sculptor
1493:, sculptor
1478:Rose Piper
1351:Dean Dixon
1223:Roi Ottley
1106:Wade Ellis
1057:Bell Wiley
950:, academic
890:, sculptor
815:May Justus
473:, diplomat
417:Mabel Byrd
405:Alan Busby
316:, sculptor
169:, writers
108:architects
41:, and the
1499:, painter
1375:, jeweler
1199:, painter
665:, painter
485:, painter
350:Ruby Elzy
199:Rita Dove
161:, singer
120:landmarks
99:the South
83:charities
1794:(2009).
1652:See also
1511:, writer
1460:, writer
1432:Mark Fax
1292:, writer
1282:, artist
1239:, writer
1096:, artist
1084:, writer
878:, writer
786:, artist
328:, writer
206:syphilis
145:, poets
68:colleges
2005:(2023)
1758:1 March
183:Kenneth
76:museums
57:History
2007:online
1970:online
1931:online
1917:online
1906:(2008)
1898:online
1854:
1802:
1754:. 2018
1713:
85:, and
80:Jewish
37:, the
1848:52–90
1748:(PDF)
1852:ISBN
1800:ISBN
1760:2021
1711:ISBN
1568:1948
1485:1947
1398:1946
1321:1945
1256:1944
1191:1943
1076:1942
985:1941
864:1940
809:1939
718:1938
615:1937
602:1936
571:1935
546:1934
527:1933
496:1932
387:1931
296:1930
241:1929
228:1928
197:and
185:and
70:and
2040::
2021:,
1874:.
1850:.
1830:^
1821:,
1783:^
1750:.
1709:.
177:,
173:,
153:,
149:,
141:,
137:,
78:,
74:,
66:,
1878:.
1860:.
1808:.
1776:,
1762:.
1733:.
1719:.
1707:5
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.