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392:," based on an exhaustive study of blood preservation techniques. It was through this blood preservation research where Drew realized blood plasma was able to be preserved, two months, longer through de-liquification, or the separation of liquid blood from the cells. When ready for use the plasma would then be able to return to its original state via reconstitution. This thesis earned him his Doctor of Science in Medicine degree in 1940, becoming the first African American to do so. The District of Columbia chapter of the
602:, Drew's death was not the result of his having been refused hospital access because of his race. According to John Ford, one of the passengers in Drew's car, Drew's injuries were so severe that virtually nothing could have been done to save him. Ford added that a blood transfusion might have actually killed Drew sooner. This myth spread, however, because it was not then uncommon for black people to be refused treatment because there were not enough "Negro beds" available or the nearest hospital only serviced whites.
461:, mobile donation stations that could collect the blood and refrigerate it; this allowed for greater mobility in terms of transportation and increased prospective donations. The blood bank supplied blood to the U.S. Army and Navy, who initially rejected the blood of African-Americans and later accepted it only if it were stored separately from that of Whites. Drew objected to the exclusion of African-Americans' blood from plasma-supply networks, and in 1942 he resigned in protest.
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559:. For the 1950 Tuskegee clinic, Drew drove along with three other black physicians. Drew was driving around 8 a.m. on April 1. Still fatigued from spending the night before in the operating theater, he lost control of the vehicle. After careening into a field, the car somersaulted three times. The three other physicians sustained minor injuries. Drew was trapped with severe wounds; his foot had become wedged beneath the brake pedal.
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occurs as the amount of blood in the body rapidly declines which can be due to a variety of factors such as a wound or lack of fluids (dehydration). As the body goes into shock, both blood pressure and body temperature decrease which then causes a lack of blood flow and a loss of oxygen in the body's
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Drew created a central location for the blood collection process where donors could go to give blood. He made sure all blood plasma was tested before it was shipped out. He ensured that only skilled personnel handled blood plasma to avoid the possibility of contamination. The Blood for
Britain
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Inventions, Mary Bellis
Inventions Expert Mary Bellis covered; films, inventors for ThoughtCo for 18 years She is known for her independent; documentaries; Alex, including one about; Bellis, er Graham Bell our editorial process Mary. "All About the Inventor of the Blood Bank".
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tissues and cells. Eventually, it became clear that transfusions were the solution to treating victims of shock, but at the time there was no successful method of transportation or mass storage of blood, leaving transfusions to be extremely limited to location.
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His father, Richard, was a carpet layer and his mother, Nora
Burrell, trained as a teacher. Drew and three (two sisters, one brother) of his four younger siblings (three sisters and one brother total) grew up in Washington's largely middle-class and interracial
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Drew went to New York City as the medical director of the United States' Blood for
Britain project. It was here that Drew helped set the standard for other hospitals donating blood plasma to Britain by ensuring clean transfusions along with proper
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to help set up and administer an early prototype program for blood storage and preservation. Here Drew was able to apply his thesis to aid in the blood preservation and transportation. He was to collect, test, and transport large quantities of
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program operated successfully for five months, with total collections of almost 15,000 people donating blood, and with over 5,500 vials of blood plasma. As a result, the Blood
Transfusion Betterment Association applauded Drew for his work.
1051:"Fifteenth Census of the United States (1930) [database on-line], Arlington Magisterial District, Arlington County, Virginia, Enumeration District: 7–11, Page: 6B, Line: 69, household of Richard T. Drew"
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283:, where he played on the football as well as the track and field team, and later graduated in 1926. After college, Drew spent two years (1926–1928) as a professor of chemistry and biology, the first
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to ensure viable plasma dispersals were sent to
Britain. The Blood for Britain project was a project to aid British soldiers and civilians by giving U.S. blood to the United Kingdom.
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neighborhood. From a young age Drew began work as a newspaper boy in his neighborhood, daily helping deliver over a thousand newspapers to his neighbors. Drew attended
Washington's
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which was well known for its equality and opportunities for all, despite the racial climate at the time. From 1920 until his marriage in 1939, Drew's permanent address was in
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Drew had a lengthy research and teaching career, returning to
Freedman's Hospital and Howard University as a surgeon and professor of medicine in 1942. He was awarded the
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It was during this stage in his medical journey that Drew worked with John
Beattie, who was conducting research regarding the potential correlations between
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and liquid extraction. Each extraction was conducted under controlled conditions to eliminate risk of contamination. Air concealment, ultraviolet light and
314:. Drew lacked some prerequisites for Howard University, and Harvard wanted to defer him a year, so to begin medical school promptly, Drew decided to attend
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In 1941, Drew's distinction in his profession was recognized when he became the first
African-American surgeon selected to serve as an examiner on the
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In 1966, the Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School was incorporated in California and was named in his honor. This later became the
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570:. He was pronounced dead a half hour after he first received medical attention. Drew's funeral was held on April 5, 1950, at the
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Numerous schools and health-related facilities, as well as other institutions, have been named in honor of Drew, including the
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allowed only white doctors to join, consequently "... Drew died without ever being accepted for membership in the AMA."
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in 1944 for his work on the British and American projects. He was given an honorary doctor of science degree, first by
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When reached by emergency technicians, he was in shock and barely alive due to severe leg injuries. Drew was taken to
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Mural of Doctor Charles R. Drew at the Charles Richard Drew Educational Campus / Intermediate School in the Bronx, NY
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Minnie Lenore Robbins with NIH Director, Donald Frederickson, unveiling of bust and exhibit of her husband, 1981
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Graves, Lynne Gomez, Historical Projects Director, Afro-American Bicentennial Corporation (February 2, 1976).
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Tan, Siang Yong; Merritt, Christopher (2017). "Charles Richard Drew (1904–1950): Father of blood banking".
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978:"Patent For Preserving Blood Issued November 10, 1942; Washingtonian's invention made blood bank possible"
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for distribution in the United Kingdom. Drew understood that plasma extraction from blood required both
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1625:"The Charles R. Drew Papers – "My Chief Interest Was and Is Surgery" – Howard University, 1941–1950"
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in the donation of blood, as it lacked scientific foundation, and resigned his position with the
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2417:. Arlington Public Library, Arlington County, the Drew School, and the Nauck Civic Association.
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1783:"Did the black doctor who invented blood plasma die because white doctors wouldn't treat him?"
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1179:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form: Charles Richard Drew House"
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from 1996 until 2009, and was a president of the District of Columbia Chamber of Commerce.
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Charles Drew Community Health Center, located in Burlington, NC near the site of the old
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1347:"Former Morgan Professor Dr. Charles Drew Inducted into National Inventors Hall of Fame"
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1942:, Charles Drew Charles Drew Science Enrichment Laboratory, Michigan State University
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Charles Richard Drew Intermediate School / Charles Richard Drew Educational Campus,
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1611:"Charles R. Drew, MD | Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science"
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In 1939, Drew married Minnie Lenore Robbins, a professor of home economics at
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at Surgery at Columbia University. He spent time doing research at Columbia's
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The story of Drew and plasma transfusion is retold in the 1949 radio drama "
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Blood Bank in February 1941. He also invented what would be later known as
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Plasma transfusion package and extractor used to collect plasma from donors
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1454:"Charles R. Drew, MD | Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science"
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1709:"Board of Trustees: The Honorable Charlene Drew Jarvis, PhD, Secretary"
1558:. Internet Archive. University of Illinois Press (Urbana). p. 84.
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Despite a popular myth to the contrary, once repeated on an episode ("
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Drew's first appointment as a faculty instructor was for pathology at
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Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni
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1674:. District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics. Archived from
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This article is about the medical researcher. For other people, see
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were all used to mitigate the possibility of plasma contamination.
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2279:, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, (1997 reprint)
1753:"Question of the Month: The Truth About the Death of Charles Drew"
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Dr. Charles Drew Red Cross Blood and Platelet Donation Center in
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African-American college athletic directors in the United States
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Charles Drew Premedical Society at Columbia University, New York
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1921:
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The Inventive Spirit of African Americans: Patented Ingenuity
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On Tuesday I get the degree of Doctor of Science in Medicine.
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Drew's work led to his appointment as director of the first
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and just after earning his doctorate, Drew was recruited by
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1711:. The National Health Museum. January 2007. Archived from
1672:"Ward 4 Member of the Council of the District of Columbia"
747:, 1960s–2000, was the community's only clinic for decades.
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in surgery. He then began postgraduate work, earning his
2277:
One Blood: The Death and Resurrection of Charles R. Drew
2098:. Bluford Drew Jemison S.T.E.M. Academy. Archived from
947:
Dr. Charles Drew Elementary School, San Francisco, Ca.
247:
Charles Drew's 1922 Dunbar High School yearbook entry.
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and medical researcher. He researched in the field of
1233:"Accompanying 4 photos, exterior, from 1920 and 1976"
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in the field, Drew protested against the practice of
2376:, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science
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forces' lives during the war. As the most prominent
1506:"Letter from Charles R. Drew to Edwin B. Henderson"
910:
Dr. Charles Drew Elementary School, New Orleans, LA
785:Charles Drew Memorial Cultural House, residence at
775:Charles R. Drew Hall, an all-male freshman dorm at
27:
American surgeon and medical researcher (1904–1950)
4008:Coaches of American football from Washington, D.C.
2369:SBAS Charles Drew – Black American Medical Pioneer
1641:Other sources put the date as late as 1943, e.g.,
1029:"The Father of Blood Banking: Dr. Charles R. Drew"
722:Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science
1043:
635:in response to a nomination by the Afro-American
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1816:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 112–113.
448:
2291:A Century of Black Surgeons: The USA Experience
2123:"City school board approves three new charters"
1584:Blood: An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce
1425:"Education and Early Medical Career, 1922–1938"
714:
299:, to earn the money to pay for medical school.
203:(June 3, 1904 – April 1, 1950) was an American
2297:, Chapter 2: The Life Of Charles R. Drew, MD,
1854:"Desegregation: The Hidden Legacy of Medicare"
3923:African-American coaches of American football
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3978:McGill University Faculty of Medicine alumni
3973:Dunbar High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
1685:"Legacy and Memory of Charles Drew Lives On"
1080:
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733:Charles Drew Science Enrichment Laboratory,
677:, a dry cargo ship of the United States Navy
376:in New York City on the award of a two-year
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390:Banked Blood: A Study on Blood Preservation
238:
219:. This allowed medics to save thousands of
3710:Morgan State Bears basketball head coaches
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2364:United States National Library of Medicine
2324:Charles Richard Drew: The Man and the Myth
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1659:United States National Library of Medicine
1555:Charles Richard Drew: The Man and the Myth
1158:National Historic Landmark summary listing
709:Martin Luther King Jr./Drew Medical Center
555:, to attend the annual free clinic at the
235:, which maintained the policy until 1950.
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1224:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1057:: The Generations Network. April 14, 1930
982:United States Patent and Trademark Office
360:Freedman's Hospital between 1910 and 1935
4003:Basketball coaches from Washington, D.C.
3938:20th-century African-American scientists
3933:20th-century African-American physicians
3407:Morgan State Bears head football coaches
1600:
1031:. San Diego Blood Bank. January 31, 2019
800:
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520:from 1979 to 2000, was the president of
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2172:"Dr. Charles R. Drew Elementary School"
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1349:. Morgan State University. May 11, 2015
1160:. National Park Service. Archived from
892:Dr. Charles R. Drew Elementary School,
302:For his medical career Drew applied to
14:
4013:Road incident deaths in North Carolina
3998:People from Arlington County, Virginia
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2310:Dr. Charles Drew: Blood Bank Innovator
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884:Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West
404:In late 1940, before the U.S. entered
3993:Morgan State Bears basketball coaches
3983:Morgan State Bears athletic directors
3681:
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2449:
2152:Dr. Charles R. Drew Elementary School
2120:
2073:Dr. Charles R. Drew Elementary School
1809:
1757:Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia
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1429:Charles R. Drew – Profiles in Science
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1400:Charles R. Drew – Profiles in Science
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941:Charles R. Drew Intermediate School,
351:McGill University Faculty of Medicine
337:At McGill, he achieved membership in
275:Drew won an athletics scholarship to
1972:"Washington D.C. American Red Cross"
1880:Charles Richard Drew Memorial Bridge
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1109:
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840:Charles R. Drew Junior High School,
810:Charles R. Drew Middle School &
658:Charles Richard Drew Memorial Bridge
631:in Arlington County, Virginia, as a
547:Beginning in 1939, Drew traveled to
399:
3988:Morgan State Bears football coaches
3918:African-American basketball coaches
2415:Nauck/Green Valley Heritage Project
2230:
2016:"Amherst College page on the house"
1682:
1617:
1088:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
1014:
916:opened in August 2000 as the first
904:Charles R. Drew Elementary School,
859:Charles R. Drew Elementary School,
816:Los Angeles Unified School District
518:Council of the District of Columbia
24:
2247:"NYC Department of Education Maps"
2161:, Montgomery County Public Schools
1882:at The Historical Marker Database.
1852:Sternberg, Steve (July 29, 2015).
1443:
1414:
1383:
1371:. Morgan State Bears football team
1288:Drew, Charles B. (April 7, 1995).
1140:
984:. November 9, 2001. Archived from
851:Dr. Charles R. Drew Science Magnet
763:Charles R Drew Wellness Center in
368:from 1935 to 1936. He then joined
25:
4024:
2398:Charles Drew – The Black Inventor
2337:
2289:Organ, Claude H., editor (1987),
2212:from the original on June 7, 2017
2121:Green, Erica L. (June 11, 2013).
2058:Charles R. Drew Elementary School
2034:"Charles Drew Premedical Society"
1736:Charles Drew: Pioneer in Medicine
1504:Drew, Charles R. (May 31, 1940).
1369:"Morgan State Bears Hall of Fame"
1309:
1263:Blitz, Matt (February 20, 2017).
1100:
757:Charles Drew Pre-Health Society,
668:neighborhoods in Washington, D.C.
488:in 1945 then by Amherst in 1947.
3913:20th-century American physicians
2344:
2326:, University of Illinois Press,
2062:Miami-Dade County Public Schools
898:Charles Drew Elementary School,
743:Charles Drew Health Foundation,
572:Nineteenth Street Baptist Church
557:John A. Andrew Memorial Hospital
491:
2224:
2194:
2164:
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2088:
2066:
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2026:
2008:
1989:
1964:
1952:Charles R. Drew Wellness Center
1945:
1926:
1915:
1885:
1873:
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1810:Sluby, Patricia Carter (2004).
1803:
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980:(Press release). Brigid Quinn,
796:
2374:"Biography of Charles R. Drew"
1897:100 Greatest African Americans
1631:. National Library of Medicine
1255:
1000:
970:
914:Charles R. Drew Charter School
830:Charles R. Drew Middle School
701:100 Greatest African Americans
388:and wrote a doctoral thesis, "
251:Drew was born in 1904 into an
13:
1:
2253:. NYC Department of Education
2084:Broward County Public Schools
1899:: A Biographical Encyclopedia
1517:National Institutes of Health
958:
935:Drew Academy, Houston, Texas
819:Charles R. Drew Middle School
449:American Red Cross Blood Bank
32:Charles Drew (disambiguation)
3953:American Red Cross personnel
3948:American medical researchers
3883:# denotes interim head coach
3668:# denotes interim head coach
2404:"Charles R. Drew Collection"
2293:, Transcript Press, Vol. I,
2096:"Frequently Asked Questions"
1859:U.S. News & World Report
1521:National Library of Medicine
1154:"Charles Richard Drew House"
1086:"The Charles R. Drew Papers"
814:for the gifted, opened 1966
727:Charles Drew Health Center,
715:Medical and higher education
644:United States Postal Service
394:American Medical Association
287:, and football coach at the
7:
2515:William Stanley Braithwaite
2129:. Baltimore. Archived from
1759:. June 2004. Archived from
10:
4029:
2394:, Florida State University
2322:Wynes, Charles E. (1988),
1922:Charles Drew Health Center
1582:Starr, Douglas P. (2000).
1552:Wynes, Charles E. (1988).
886:, a Middle/High School in
745:East Palo Alto, California
699:listed Drew as one of the
633:National Historic Landmark
629:Charles Richard Drew House
615:Charles Richard Drew House
568:Burlington, North Carolina
270:Arlington County, Virginia
94:Burlington, North Carolina
29:
3717:
3414:
2484:
2308:Schraff, Anne E. (2003),
1933:About Dr. Charles R. Drew
1738:, Enslow Publishing, Inc.
1734:Schraff, Anne E. (2003),
1326:American Chemical Society
1265:"Charles Drew Lived Here"
1125::10.11622/smedj.2017099.
1115:Singapore Medical Journal
735:Michigan State University
605:
564:Alamance General Hospital
540:in the collection of the
471:American Board of Surgery
194:
182:
173:Montreal General Hospital
160:
150:
143:
133:
119:
101:
82:
60:
48:
41:
3155:A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.
2771:Charles Hamilton Houston
2555:George Washington Carver
2380:"Charles R. Drew Papers"
2206:Arlington Public Schools
2176:Arlington Public Schools
927:Dr. Charles Drew Academy
836:Talladega County Schools
765:Columbia, South Carolina
584:") of the hit TV series
536:Illustration of Drew by
527:
239:Early life and education
2433:", a presentation from
1396:"Biographical Overview"
1011:. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
759:University of Rochester
522:Southeastern University
316:McGill's medical school
255:middle-class family in
169:Morgan State University
3963:Amherst College alumni
3211:Constance Baker Motley
3091:Frederick D. Patterson
2827:Martin Luther King Jr.
2755:Channing Heggie Tobias
2643:William T. B. Williams
2619:Richard Berry Harrison
2603:Mordecai Wyatt Johnson
2275:Love, Spencie (1996),
1322:"Charles Richard Drew"
1213:Cite journal requires
865:Pompano Beach, Florida
806:
739:East Lansing, Michigan
680:Parc Charles-Drew, in
652:Great Americans series
619:
544:
501:
486:Virginia State College
433:
378:Rockefeller fellowship
361:
349:degree awarded by the
308:Harvard Medical School
248:
3943:20th-century surgeons
3171:Myrlie Evers-Williams
2927:Clarence Mitchell Jr.
2779:Mabel Keaton Staupers
2539:Charles Sidney Gilpin
2102:on September 14, 2010
2078:June 4, 2006, at the
1957:June 5, 2009, at the
1901:. Amherst, New York:
1237:National Park Service
1183:National Park Service
804:
625:National Park Service
613:
535:
499:
465:Academic achievements
431:
386:Presbyterian Hospital
359:
246:
3275:Frankie Muse Freeman
3039:Benjamin Elijah Mays
2667:Walter Francis White
2571:James Weldon Johnson
2547:Mary Burnett Talbert
2133:on February 21, 2019
1996:Charles R. Drew Hall
1763:on December 12, 2013
1695:on November 27, 2004
1290:"Stranger Than Fact"
1283:– via GTexcel.
1164:on December 31, 2007
988:on February 11, 2009
894:Colesville, Maryland
514:Charlene Drew Jarvis
201:Charles Richard Drew
55:Charles Richard Drew
43:Charles Richard Drew
3803:Nathaniel McMillian
2803:Theodore K. Lawless
2651:Mary McLeod Bethune
2595:Charles W. Chesnutt
2491:Ernest Everett Just
2436:Destination Freedom
2388:, The Straight Dope
2182:on January 18, 2021
2022:on August 10, 2015.
2005:, Howard University
1961:, City of Columbia.
1892:Asante, Molefi Kete
1629:Profiles in Science
1586:. New York: Quill.
1530:on January 18, 2019
1485:. September 3, 2020
1275:on February 4, 2019
1243:on January 17, 2019
1192:on January 17, 2019
906:Arlington, Virginia
888:Baltimore, Maryland
374:Columbia University
370:Freedman's Hospital
329:and shock therapy.
297:Baltimore, Maryland
165:Freedman's Hospital
114:Columbia University
3315:Nathaniel R. Jones
3179:Earl G. Graves Sr.
3147:John Hope Franklin
2747:Percy Lavon Julian
2707:A. Philip Randolph
2627:Robert Russa Moton
2409:2015-05-26 at the
2295:Asa G. Yancey, Sr.
2231:Fehling, Leticia.
2157:2019-05-22 at the
2001:2006-08-27 at the
1938:2006-09-01 at the
1715:on August 23, 2007
1689:American Red Cross
1513:Bethesda, Maryland
1295:The New York Times
1269:Arlington Magazine
824:2021-06-02 at the
807:
697:Molefi Kete Asante
620:
590:and in the novels
545:
502:
455:American Red Cross
434:
362:
343:Doctor of Medicine
327:blood transfusions
289:historically black
266:Dunbar High School
249:
233:American Red Cross
229:racial segregation
209:blood transfusions
128:blood transfusions
3958:American surgeons
3890:
3889:
3739:William S. Taylor
3675:
3674:
3492:William S. Taylor
3468:John E. T. Camper
3372:
3371:
3355:Cato T. Laurencin
2739:Thurgood Marshall
2715:William H. Hastie
2579:Carter G. Woodson
2386:"Charles R. Drew"
2202:"Welcome to Drew"
2127:The Baltimore Sun
1976:redcrossblood.org
1788:The Straight Dope
1678:on July 16, 2008.
876:S.T.E.M Academy,
777:Howard University
695:In 2002, scholar
582:Dear Dad... Three
542:National Archives
439:aseptic technique
400:Blood for Britain
382:Doctor of Science
366:Howard University
347:Master of Surgery
339:Alpha Omega Alpha
312:McGill University
304:Howard University
285:athletic director
198:
197:
177:Howard University
145:Scientific career
110:McGill University
16:(Redirected from
4020:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3827:Nathaniel Taylor
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3763:Howard K. Wilson
3758:
3750:
3742:
3734:
3726:
3711:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3663:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3604:Donald Hill-Eley
3599:
3596:Stanley Mitchell
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3408:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3221:
3219:Robert L. Carter
3213:
3205:
3197:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3005:
2997:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2873:
2871:Robert C. Weaver
2865:
2863:Kenneth B. Clark
2857:
2849:
2841:
2839:Little Rock Nine
2829:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2795:Paul R. Williams
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2531:W. E. B. Du Bois
2525:
2523:Archibald Grimké
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2354:
2352:Biography portal
2349:
2348:
2347:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2178:. Archived from
2168:
2162:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2092:
2086:
2070:
2064:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2018:. Archived from
2012:
2006:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1968:
1962:
1949:
1943:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1903:Prometheus Books
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1691:. Archived from
1683:Hallman, Lesly.
1679:
1667:
1661:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1523:. Archived from
1510:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1431:. March 12, 2019
1421:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1402:. March 12, 2019
1392:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1318:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1271:. Archived from
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1239:. Archived from
1229:
1222:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1185:. Archived from
1173:
1171:
1169:
1149:
1138:
1111:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1082:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1025:
1012:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
974:
931:Ecorse, Michigan
922:Atlanta, Georgia
880:(closed in 2013)
832:Lincoln, Alabama
789:, his alma mater
711:in Los Angeles.
576:Washington, D.C.
510:Atlanta, Georgia
257:Washington, D.C.
253:African-American
225:African American
184:Doctoral advisor
89:
75:Washington, D.C.
70:
68:
53:
39:
38:
21:
18:Dr. Charles Drew
4028:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4017:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3731:Charles R. Drew
3729:
3721:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3676:
3671:
3658:
3652:Tyrone Wheatley
3650:
3642:
3636:Tyrone Wheatley
3634:
3628:Ernest T. Jones
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3532:Clarence Thomas
3530:
3524:Henry Lattimore
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3484:Charles R. Drew
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3373:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3339:Patrick Gaspard
3336:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3283:Harry Belafonte
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3152:
3144:
3136:
3128:
3120:
3112:
3104:
3096:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3060:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3020:
3008:
3000:
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2919:Sammy Davis Jr.
2916:
2908:
2903:John H. Johnson
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2855:Langston Hughes
2852:
2844:
2832:
2824:
2819:Jackie Robinson
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2723:Charles R. Drew
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2691:Louis T. Wright
2688:
2683:Marian Anderson
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2587:Anthony Overton
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2474:
2421:Charles R. Drew
2411:Wayback Machine
2400:, Online Museum
2350:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2270:Further reading
2267:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2251:schools.nyc.gov
2245:
2244:
2240:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2159:Wayback Machine
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2080:Wayback Machine
2071:
2067:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2003:Wayback Machine
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1959:Wayback Machine
1950:
1946:
1940:Wayback Machine
1931:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1834:
1824:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1791:. November 1989
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1751:
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1743:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1698:
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1680:
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1668:
1664:
1653:
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1634:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1609:
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1594:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1550:
1546:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1231:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1121:(10): 593–594.
1112:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
976:
975:
971:
961:
826:Wayback Machine
799:
787:Amherst College
781:Washington D.C.
771:Washington D.C.
752:Alamance County
729:Omaha, Nebraska
717:
660:, spanning the
627:designated the
618:
616:
608:
593:Carrion Comfort
530:
506:Spelman College
494:
467:
451:
402:
277:Amherst College
241:
175:
171:
167:
155:General surgery
112:
108:
106:Amherst College
102:Alma mater
97:
91:
87:
78:
72:
66:
64:
56:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4026:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
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3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3835:Michael Holmes
3831:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3747:Edward P. Hurt
3743:
3735:
3727:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3705:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3665:
3664:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3588:Stump Mitchell
3584:
3576:
3568:
3560:
3556:James Phillips
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3500:Edward P. Hurt
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3307:Sidney Poitier
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3131:Dorothy Height
3126:
3123:Barbara Jordan
3118:
3110:
3107:Douglas Wilder
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3075:Benjamin Hooks
3070:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3006:
2998:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2946:
2938:
2935:Jacob Lawrence
2930:
2922:
2914:
2906:
2898:
2895:Leontyne Price
2890:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2850:
2847:Duke Ellington
2842:
2830:
2822:
2814:
2811:Carl J. Murphy
2806:
2798:
2790:
2787:Harry T. Moore
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2699:Richard Wright
2694:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2507:Harry Burleigh
2502:
2494:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2477:Spingarn Medal
2473:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:Richard Durham
2427:
2418:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2366:
2356:
2355:
2339:
2338:External links
2336:
2335:
2334:
2320:
2306:
2287:
2265:
2264:
2238:
2233:"Drew Academy"
2223:
2193:
2163:
2144:
2113:
2087:
2065:
2050:
2025:
2007:
1988:
1963:
1944:
1925:
1914:
1911:978-1573929639
1884:
1872:
1844:
1823:978-0275966744
1822:
1802:
1774:
1741:
1726:
1662:
1647:
1643:PBS's Red Gold
1616:
1599:
1592:
1571:
1565:978-0252015519
1564:
1544:
1496:
1479:"Charles Drew"
1470:
1458:www.cdrewu.edu
1442:
1413:
1382:
1360:
1338:
1308:
1254:
1215:|journal=
1139:
1099:
1068:
1042:
1013:
999:
968:
967:
960:
957:
956:
955:
948:
945:
939:
933:
924:
918:charter school
911:
908:
902:
900:Washington, DC
896:
890:
881:
867:
857:
848:
838:
828:
798:
795:
794:
793:
790:
783:
773:
767:
761:
755:
748:
741:
731:
725:
716:
713:
705:
704:
693:
678:
669:
655:
654:to honor Drew.
640:
614:
607:
604:
538:Charles Alston
529:
526:
493:
490:
478:Spingarn Medal
466:
463:
450:
447:
419:centrifugation
401:
398:
293:Morgan College
240:
237:
196:
195:
192:
191:
186:
180:
179:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
141:
140:
138:Spingarn Medal
135:
131:
130:
121:
120:Known for
117:
116:
103:
99:
98:
92:
90:(aged 45)
84:
80:
79:
73:
62:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4025:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
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3875:Kevin Broadus
3872:
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3856:
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3808:
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3800:
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3780:
3779:Aaron Johnson
3776:
3772:
3768:
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3760:
3756:
3755:Talmadge Hill
3752:
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3540:Thomas Morris
3537:
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3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
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3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
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3460:Alvin Edwards
3457:
3453:
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3327:
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3308:
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3300:
3295:
3292:
3291:Jessye Norman
3287:
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3279:
3276:
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3268:
3263:
3260:
3255:
3252:
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3207:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3195:Vernon Jordan
3191:
3188:
3187:Oprah Winfrey
3183:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3167:
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3159:
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3143:
3140:
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3127:
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3119:
3116:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3099:Jesse Jackson
3095:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3031:Coleman Young
3027:
3024:
3023:Rayford Logan
3019:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2979:
2976:
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2968:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2943:Leon Sullivan
2939:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2915:
2912:
2911:Edward Brooke
2907:
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2620:
2615:
2612:
2611:Henry A. Hunt
2607:
2604:
2599:
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2540:
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2532:
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2524:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2499:Charles Young
2495:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
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2459:
2457:
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2439:, written by
2438:
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2017:
2011:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1956:
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1948:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1929:
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1635:September 17,
1630:
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1055:United States
1052:
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983:
979:
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943:Crosby, Texas
940:
938:
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852:
849:
847:
843:
839:
837:
833:
829:
827:
823:
820:
817:
813:
812:Magnet school
809:
808:
803:
791:
788:
784:
782:
778:
774:
772:
768:
766:
762:
760:
756:
753:
749:
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730:
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723:
719:
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712:
710:
702:
698:
694:
691:
687:
683:
679:
676:
675:
670:
667:
663:
659:
656:
653:
649:
648:postage stamp
646:issued a 35¢
645:
642:In 1981, the
641:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:In 1976, the
622:
621:
612:
603:
601:
600:
595:
594:
589:
588:
583:
578:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
543:
539:
534:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
498:
492:Personal life
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
462:
460:
456:
446:
442:
440:
430:
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424:
420:
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328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Massachusetts
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
258:
254:
245:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
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193:
190:
187:
185:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
124:Blood banking
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
104:
100:
95:
86:April 1, 1950
85:
81:
76:
63:
59:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3882:
3881:
3867:Todd Bozeman
3851:Chris Fuller
3795:Billy Newton
3730:
3723:James H. Law
3667:
3666:
3660:Damon Wilson
3643:
3620:Fred Farrier
3564:Jesse Thomas
3483:
3476:James H. Law
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3346:
3331:Willie Brown
3322:
3299:Quincy Jones
3267:Cicely Tyson
3243:John Conyers
3139:Maya Angelou
3115:Colin Powell
3083:Percy Sutton
3054:
3011:Andrew Young
3002:
2974:
2959:Wilson Riles
2951:Gordon Parks
2879:Medgar Evers
2763:Ralph Bunche
2731:Paul Robeson
2722:
2674:
2563:Roland Hayes
2434:
2425:Find a Grave
2414:
2392:Charles Drew
2323:
2309:
2290:
2276:
2269:
2268:
2255:. Retrieved
2250:
2241:
2226:
2216:February 22,
2214:. Retrieved
2205:
2196:
2186:February 22,
2184:. Retrieved
2180:the original
2175:
2166:
2147:
2137:February 20,
2135:. Retrieved
2131:the original
2126:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2100:the original
2090:
2068:
2053:
2043:December 26,
2041:. Retrieved
2038:columbia.edu
2037:
2028:
2020:the original
2010:
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1975:
1966:
1947:
1928:
1917:
1895:
1887:
1875:
1865:November 19,
1863:. Retrieved
1857:
1847:
1837:February 18,
1835:. Retrieved
1812:
1805:
1795:February 18,
1793:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1767:November 19,
1765:. Retrieved
1761:the original
1735:
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:the original
1697:. Retrieved
1693:the original
1676:the original
1665:
1650:
1633:. Retrieved
1628:
1619:
1583:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1532:. Retrieved
1525:the original
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1482:
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:
1433:. Retrieved
1428:
1404:. Retrieved
1399:
1375:November 20,
1373:. Retrieved
1363:
1353:November 20,
1351:. Retrieved
1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1325:
1299:. Retrieved
1293:
1277:. Retrieved
1273:the original
1268:
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:the original
1206:cite journal
1194:. Retrieved
1187:the original
1166:. Retrieved
1162:the original
1157:
1118:
1114:
1090:. Retrieved
1059:. Retrieved
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1008:
1002:
990:. Retrieved
986:the original
972:
963:
962:
834:operated by
797:K-12 schools
706:
682:Le Sud-Ouest
674:Charles Drew
673:
639:Corporation.
637:Bicentennial
597:
591:
585:
579:
561:
546:
503:
475:
468:
459:bloodmobiles
452:
443:
435:
415:blood plasma
410:John Scudder
406:World War II
403:
363:
336:
324:
301:
274:
262:Foggy Bottom
250:
217:World War II
200:
199:
189:John Beattie
161:Institutions
144:
88:(1950-04-01)
71:June 3, 1904
36:
3908:1950 deaths
3903:1904 births
3869:(2006–2019)
3861:(2001–2006)
3859:Butch Beard
3853:(1995–2001)
3845:(1994–1995)
3843:Lynn Ramage
3837:(1990–1994)
3829:(1989–1990)
3821:(1985–1989)
3819:Nat Frazier
3805:(1984–1985)
3797:(1981–1984)
3789:(1978–1981)
3781:(1977–1978)
3773:(1971–1977)
3771:Nat Frazier
3765:(1960–1971)
3757:(1947–1960)
3749:(1929–1947)
3741:(1928–1929)
3733:(1926–1928)
3725:(1924–1926)
3622:(2016–2017)
3614:(2014–2015)
3606:(2002–2013)
3598:(1999–2001)
3590:(1996–1998)
3582:(1991–1995)
3580:Ricky Diggs
3574:(1988–1990)
3566:(1985–1987)
3558:(1983–1984)
3534:(1978–1980)
3526:(1976–1977)
3518:(1974–1975)
3510:(1960–1973)
3502:(1929–1959)
3486:(1926–1927)
3478:(1924–1925)
3470:(1920–1923)
3462:(1918–1919)
3454:(1916–1917)
3430:(1905–1913)
3422:(1899–1904)
3363:Jim Clyburn
3259:Julian Bond
3227:Oliver Hill
3063:Tom Bradley
2991:Alvin Ailey
2967:Damon Keith
2887:Roy Wilkins
2835:Daisy Bates
2431:Transfusion
1534:January 17,
1279:February 4,
1247:January 17,
1196:January 17,
1129:0037-5675.
992:February 3,
861:Miami Beach
855:Buffalo, NY
423:Merthiolate
213:blood banks
3897:Categories
3787:Gus Guydon
3548:Nat Taylor
3516:Nat Taylor
3508:Earl Banks
3235:Ben Carson
3203:John Lewis
3163:Carl Rowan
3067:Bill Cosby
3047:Lena Horne
3015:Rosa Parks
2995:Alex Haley
2983:Hank Aaron
2635:Max Yergan
2332:0252015517
2318:0766021173
2312:, Enslow,
2303:0961738006
2285:0807846821
1593:0688176496
1301:August 25,
1092:August 25,
1061:August 15,
959:References
954:, New York
937:Aldine ISD
516:served on
322:, Canada.
310:and later
67:1904-06-03
2659:John Hope
2106:March 22,
1832:260101002
1655:Biography
1483:Biography
1168:April 11,
1137:29119194.
1133:5651504.
1009:ThoughtCo
878:Baltimore
754:hospital.
666:Brookland
353:in 1933.
215:early in
3877:(2019– )
3813:# (1985)
3811:Tom Dean
3662:(2022– )
3630:# (2018)
3612:Lee Hull
3572:Ed Wyche
3347:no award
3323:no award
3251:Ruby Dee
3055:no award
3003:no award
2975:no award
2837:and the
2675:no award
2407:Archived
2210:Archived
2155:Archived
2076:Archived
1999:Archived
1955:Archived
1936:Archived
1894:(2002).
1719:April 1,
853:School,
846:Michigan
822:Archived
692:, Canada
686:Montreal
662:Edgewood
549:Tuskegee
320:Montreal
291:private
3644:No team
3452:Unknown
3444:No team
3436:Unknown
3428:No team
3420:Unknown
2479:winners
2362:at the
2360:Profile
2257:May 19,
1981:May 19,
1699:June 4,
1489:May 11,
1463:May 11,
1435:May 11,
1406:May 11,
1331:May 11,
1035:May 19,
874:Jemison
870:Bluford
842:Detroit
650:in its
599:The 480
587:M*A*S*H
553:Alabama
480:by the
205:surgeon
3654:(2021)
3646:(2020)
3638:(2019)
3550:(1982)
3542:(1981)
3494:(1928)
3446:(1914)
3438:(1913)
3361:2022:
3353:2021:
3345:2020:
3337:2019:
3329:2018:
3321:2017:
3313:2016:
3305:2015:
3297:2014:
3289:2013:
3281:2012:
3273:2011:
3265:2010:
3257:2009:
3249:2008:
3241:2007:
3233:2006:
3225:2005:
3217:2004:
3209:2003:
3201:2002:
3193:2001:
3185:2000:
3177:1999:
3169:1998:
3161:1997:
3153:1996:
3145:1995:
3137:1994:
3129:1993:
3121:1992:
3113:1991:
3105:1990:
3097:1989:
3089:1988:
3081:1987:
3073:1986:
3061:1985:
3053:1984:
3045:1983:
3037:1982:
3029:1981:
3021:1980:
3009:1979:
3001:1978:
2989:1977:
2981:1976:
2973:1975:
2965:1974:
2957:1973:
2949:1972:
2941:1971:
2933:1970:
2925:1969:
2917:1968:
2909:1967:
2901:1966:
2893:1965:
2885:1964:
2877:1963:
2869:1962:
2861:1961:
2853:1960:
2845:1959:
2833:1958:
2825:1957:
2817:1956:
2809:1955:
2801:1954:
2793:1953:
2785:1952:
2777:1951:
2769:1950:
2761:1949:
2753:1948:
2745:1947:
2737:1946:
2729:1945:
2721:1944:
2713:1943:
2705:1942:
2697:1941:
2689:1940:
2681:1939:
2673:1938:
2665:1937:
2657:1936:
2649:1935:
2641:1934:
2633:1933:
2625:1932:
2617:1931:
2609:1930:
2601:1929:
2593:1928:
2585:1927:
2577:1926:
2569:1925:
2561:1924:
2553:1923:
2545:1922:
2537:1921:
2529:1920:
2521:1919:
2513:1918:
2505:1917:
2497:1916:
2489:1915:
2330:
2316:
2301:
2283:
1909:
1830:
1820:
1590:
1562:
690:Quebec
606:Legacy
221:Allied
151:Fields
134:Awards
96:, U.S.
77:, U.S.
1528:(PDF)
1509:(PDF)
1190:(pdf)
964:Notes
952:Bronx
872:Drew
672:USNS
528:Death
482:NAACP
331:Shock
3065:and
3013:and
2993:and
2328:ISBN
2314:ISBN
2299:ISBN
2281:ISBN
2259:2023
2218:2021
2188:2021
2139:2019
2108:2013
2045:2017
1983:2020
1907:ISBN
1867:2021
1839:2014
1828:OCLC
1818:ISBN
1797:2014
1769:2013
1721:2007
1706:(3)
1701:2004
1681:(2)
1669:(1)
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