1148:
923:, who arrested at least 301 people. While the sit-in was underway, protests continued to grow for the next several days, seeing increased involvement from members of the general public despite the lack of officially planned mobilizations from the Guk-bon for days following June 10. Between the 11 and 15 June, an estimated forty to fifty students required hospitalization in Seoul daily due to injuries from police violence. The sit-in ended on June 15, after the government announced they would not punish the occupiers provided they left the premises on that day. Successfully leaving the building without arrest, the occupation was seen as a victory and emboldened the movement. On the same day as the end of the sit-in, an estimated 60,000 students protested at 45 colleges across the country.
164:
712:
681:. The opposition's key demand was direct presidential elections, and Chun sought to foil this by initiating a campaign of delay, deliberation, and deferment. In response to a wave of public protest in February 1986, Chun agreed to allow parliamentary debate on constitutional change. Although a parliamentary committee debated various proposals for months, on April 13, 1987, Chun suspended even this committee until after the Olympics, citing a need for "national unity" ahead of the Games. This action intensified unrest and broader anti-government sentiment, especially as residents of many areas of Seoul such as
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45:
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727:(USIS) cultural center in Seoul, demanding an apology for alleged US complicity in the actions of the South Korean government in Gwangju, as well as an end to support for the Chun government. The affair and subsequent trial led to significant media publicity throughout the country, as well as attempted copycat actions. On May 3, 1986,
1201:, one of the agents responsible for the attack, the day before the election created a profitable environment for Roh Tae-woo. Declassified documents have since confirmed that Chun's government deliberately sought to exploit the events for political gain, including by ensuring that Kim was extradited before the election.
703:, and churches in particular formed a mutually supporting alliance that put increasing pressure on the regime. This mobilized a large portion of civil society, in addition to the "official" political opposition, forming the core of the resistance that would become widespread during the decisive events of June.
1181:
Roh retained his June 10 nomination as the presidential candidate of the presidency of
Democratic Justice Party. Roh had enough legitimate support within the Korean electorate to compete in the elections in December 1987. His position was greatly improved by the divisions within the opposition, as
1008:
On June 20, a contingent of around 150 protesting
Buddhist monks were confronted by riot police in Seoul; when dispersed, they were joined by thousands of civilians. On June 21, forty Guk-bon leaders proposed a list of four demands to the government. They requested a cancellation of the April 13
926:
Protests from June 10 onwards differed from protests earlier in the year due to the degree of mass participation; whereas early protests were driven by opposition groups and students, the June protests saw increased involvement from other sectors of the populace, comprising all social standings.
1103:
Prior to 1987, labor movements in South Korea had long played a major role in opposition movements against the country's military dictatorships. The role they played during June 1987 further emboldened them and allowed them to consolidate their position. Following the June
Democratic Uprising,
857:
The 1980 constitution limited the president to a single seven-year term. Although extension to the term via constitutional amendment was possible, this would legally not apply to the sitting president, effectively excluding Chun from serving past 1987. However, the constitution still granted
989:
due to police releasing tear gas onto the structure. While his death was ruled to be caused solely via falling, an autopsy revealed a skull fracture that implied the impact of a tear gas grenade. One policeman was killed in Daejon after being hit by a commandeered bus. On June 19, Acting
1049:) was held; over 1 million people participated in cities across South Korea, more than the triple the number of those who had participated in protests on June 10. 100,000 riot police were deployed nationwide to block rally points, but these were insufficient to prevent protests.
891:) was successfully held in 18 cities across the country. Violent clashes broke out between police and demonstrators throughout Seoul. Many motorists expressed their opposition to the government by honking their vehicle's horns en masse. A soccer match between South Korea and
617:(which garnered large worldwide attention), and believing that Roh could win competitive elections anyway given divisions within the opposition, Chun and Roh acceded to the key demands of direct presidential elections and restoration of civil liberties. Although Roh was duly
910:
announced that priests were ready to go to the front lines in order to prevent police from storming the building. The cathedral becoming a major focal point and public forum for the protestors, attracting large amounts of external support. On June 11, the
322:
984:
was filled with 300,000 demonstrators, forcing police to give up firing tear gas. Associated rallies were held in 247 locations in 16 cities nationwide. That night, a protestor, Lee Tae-chun, was fatally wounded in Busan after falling from an
841:
grenade penetrated his skull. A widely circulated photograph was captured of him injured and being carried away by a fellow student. In critical condition, he quickly became a symbol of the subsequent protests over the weeks that followed.
685:
were displaced to make way for planned facilities, but Chun continued his program to install Roh as his successor. Meanwhile, anti-government sentiment was growing among the public; a May 1987 survey of the "middle class" published in
1286:
due to the male protagonist's status as a North Korean agent posing as a student activist, which echoed accusations levelled by the Chun government against the opposition movement. It was also accused of glorifying the actions of the
1004:
threatened "extraordinary measures" in a televised address if protests did not cease. On the same day, Chun issued orders to mobilize the army, but fearing a reprise of the violent
Gwangju Massacre, he rescinded them within hours.
89:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
1124:
worker Lee Suk-kyu was killed after being hit by a tear gas canister on August 22, and
Hyundai workers occupied Ulsan City Hall on September 2. On September 29, the government announced it would take steps to make workers
1162:
The 10th
Constitution strengthened civil rights. Natural and legal rights were explicitly specified, direct presidential elections were implemented, and the power of the president was reduced in favor of the power of
789:
310:
2307:
75:
1282:, depicts a fictional story set in the wake of the June Struggle. The series caused major controversy, including the withdrawal of sponsors and calls for the show's cancellation. It was accused of
845:
He eventually died of his wounds on July 5, after the regime had agreed to the people's demands. Over 1.6 million citizens participated in his national funeral, held on July 9. He was buried at
723:. Student radicalism had become particularly widespread in the years leading up to 1987, with 469,000 students participating in protests in the year 1985. On May 23, 1985, students occupied the
788:, further inflaming public sentiment. On May 23, a meeting of opposition groups was held, and announced that they would hold mass demonstrations on June 10. This coalition took the name of the
606:. Although pressure on the regime in the form of demonstrations by students and other groups had been building for some time, the announcement finally triggered massive and effective protests.
1120:. Within the space of a year, 4,000 new unions representing some 700,000 workers were established, and union membership would increase from 1.06 million in 1986 to 1.98 million in 1990.
919:", and declaring their attention to crackdown on further unrest. The same day, a thousand students attempted to enter the cathedral in order to join the occupation, but were blocked by
861:
Roh Tae-woo's nomination as Chun's successor was scheduled for June 10, the same day as scheduled protests. As the day approached, authorities took measures to clamp down on dissent.
769:
on
January 14. On February 7, protest marches held in his memory saw clashes with police across the country. On March 3, the forty-ninth day after Park's death and the time for his
1147:
1025:, and an end to police use of tear gas. A further day of nationwide protests was to be held if these demands were not met by June 26. As the government refused to compromise, the
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315:
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of 89.2%. The opposition vote was split between Kim Young-sam, who received 28%, and Kim Dae-jung, who received 27%. This election marked the beginning of the Sixth
Republic.
1053:
saw its largest demonstrations since the 1980 Uprising, and civilians outnumbered police to such an extent that they were able to successfully perform peaceful assemblies in
2206:
885:, police immediately began to attack. Despite police efforts, the National Rally Against the Cover-Up and Torture Death of Park Jong-chul and to Repeal the Constitution (
2591:
2083:
833:
On June 9, student groups nationwide took to the field and mobilized on campuses across the country, in preparation for the planned mass protests on June 10. At 2 p.m.,
761:, was detained by police. While under interrogation, Park refused to confess the whereabouts of one of his fellow activists. During the interrogation, authorities used
1155:
After the June 29 Declaration, the process of constitutional amendment began in earnest. On
October 12 the constitutional bill was passed, and it was approved via a
2375:
2039:
869:, and the Guk-bon as a "subversive organization". Nearly 5,000 dissidents were arrested during overnight raids, and 700 opposition leaders were placed under
327:
865:
student leader Lee In-young was arrested on June 2. On June 8, the
Ministries of Internal Affairs and Justice pre-emptively declared the planned actions as
1072:, capitulating to the demands of the protesters by promising to amend the Constitution and to release political prisoners, including opposition leader
728:
1675:
784:(CPAJ), revealed details, including that of a deliberate cover-up by authorities, to the public at a May 18 memorial service for the victims of the
92:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1159:
held on October 28, with 94.4% of voters in favor. It officially took effect on February 25, 1988, when Roh Tae-woo was inaugurated as president.
902:, which had become a major centre for religious opposition to the dictatorship. After being unable to leave due to police blockades, they began a
1076:, who had been under house arrest since his return from exile in 1985. The declaration was officially approved by President Chun two days later.
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threw rolls of toilet paper from offices, applauding and otherwise voicing their support. Office workers who joined the protest were dubbed the "
1455:
1226:
2729:
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as the next president. The public designation of Chun's successor was seen as a final affront to a delayed and deferred process to revise the
1401:"Korea Student's Death Sparks Clash in Seoul : Police Disperse Demonstration With Tear Gas; Protesters Spurn Ruling Party's Condolences"
994:
666:. Since the college was generally hand picked by the regime itself, it did not represent any sort of democratic check on presidential power.
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1975:
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31:
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on July 5. Many workers across the country started to establish labor unions and take actions to demand better conditions such as
2216:
1176:
750:, amidst tensions over the latter's stance of compromise towards the government, including denunciation of the student movement.
719:
In the 1980s, many student activists in universities struggled against Chun Doo-hwan's dictatorship in the aftermath of the 1980
618:
273:
1222:, spanning 20 years of South Korean history, is set during the events of 1987, while the protagonist is working as a policeman.
935:
brigade" because of their work uniforms. Protests also spread to cities that had previously seen little public dissent, such as
692:
found that 85.7% of respondents felt that it was "more desirable to protect human rights even at the cost of economic growth".
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in 1985. Even though the ruling party lost only two mandates, the result was a major moral victory for the opposition, led by
163:
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was cancelled after vast quantities of police tear gas covered the field. A total of 3,831 people were reportedly arrested.
663:
1129:". A total of 3,492 labor disputes were recorded by the government between June 29 and September 15, with an average of 44
912:
373:
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The election finally took place on December 16. Roh Tae-woo was elected president, receiving 36.6% of the vote, with a
100:
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Seeking to enhance his domestic and international standing by providing a veneer of democratic representation, Chun
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Korean Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1265:, depicts how the death of Park Jong-chul sparked a chain of events leading to the mass uprising in June 1987.
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1540:"Democracy and Peace in Korea Twenty Years After June 1987: Where Are We Now, and Where Do We Go from Here?"
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defended the actions of their forces on the previous day, describing rallies as illegal, and as violent "
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Information surrounding the events of Park Jong-chol's death was initially suppressed. However, the
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significant power to the presidential office, and political activity faced continued suppression.
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1985:
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1197:. The revelation of the North Korean conspiracy against the plane, and the arrival in Seoul of
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2619:"Chun Doo-hwan regime sought political gains from KAL terror incident: diplomatic documents"
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8:
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2439:"Protesters Defy Korea Warning : Rioting Continues; Chun's Heir Hints at Withdrawal"
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1711:"UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SOUTH KOREAN POLITICS: Patterns of Radicalization in the 1980s"
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999:
916:
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2308:"S. Korean Protests Grow in Provincial Cities, Main Street in Taejon becomes War Zone"
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that generated mass protests from June 10 to 29, 1987. The demonstrations forced the
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Asia's Unknown Uprisings, Volume 1: South Korean Social Movements in the 20th Century
1938:
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866:
862:
785:
720:
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1456:"If At First You Don't Succeed: The Puzzle of South Korea's Democratic Transition"
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based on the events of the June Uprising. An English translation was released by
1235:
1030:
981:
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599:
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231:
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625:, the consolidation of a liberal democratic regime in South Korea was underway.
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2730:"Korean Cinema Looks Back at 1987, When Students Died and Democracy Was Born"
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convention where Roh's nomination took place opened at 6 p.m. on June 10 at
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217:
1493:"Let the Games Begin: Politics of Olympic Games in Mexico and South Korea"
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would describe police as having " control of the streets" on this day. In
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907:
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425:
362:
207:
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Crowds gather at the state funeral of Lee Han-yeol in Seoul, July 9, 1987
1728:
1710:
825:
757:, the president of the student council in the linguistics department of
2576:
111:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
30:"June Democracy Movement" redirects here. For the events in China, see
2567:
812:
521:
2879:
Photographs of July 9, 1987 funeral procession for Yi Han-yeol, Seoul
2012:
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Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam were unable to unite, or even back a
2854:
2151:
1790:
1405:
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838:
773:, Buddhist groups collaborated with the opposition and allowed the
682:
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Clyde Haberman and Special To the New York Times (June 16, 1987).
2038:
Clyde Haberman and Special To the New York Times (June 11, 1987).
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Temple in Seoul to be used as a base for nation-wide gatherings.
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739:
153:
2176:
2174:
86:
2120:"Cardinal Kim Su-hwan who led major changes in Catholic Church"
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966:) brought 1.5 million people into the streets. Writing for the
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706:
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1807:
1641:"AROUND THE WORLD; Seoul Students Occupy U.S. Cultural Center"
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Federation of People's Movements for Democratic Reunification
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1065:. On this day, over 3,469 arrests were reported nationwide.
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Students occupy the Seoul US Cultural Center on May 23, 1985
2878:
1759:"SEOUL STUDENT'S TORTURE DEATH CHANGES POLITICAL LANDSCAPE"
1279:
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measure suspending constitutional reform, a release of all
662:, who was himself replaced within months by Chun after the
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2064:
1859:
1735:
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to hold direct presidential elections and institute other
1554:
1420:
646:, South Korean presidents were elected indirectly by the
535:
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That evening, students in Seoul fled police by entering
765:
techniques to torture him, leading to his death through
1976:"[6.10 민정당전당대회]전당대회 및 대통령후보 지명대회[강성구]"
1883:"Yonsei student's ultimate sacrifice gets due tribute"
1757:
and Special To the New York Times (January 31, 1987).
944:
National Rally for the Abolition of Tear Gas Grenades
2701:"100 °C: South Korea's 1987 Democracy Movement"
82:
2759:"JTBC doubles down on denial of history distortion"
1497:
India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs
78:
a machine-translated version of the Korean article.
2374:and Special to the New York Times (July 6, 1987).
2207:"STREET PROTESTS BY SOUTH KOREANS RESUME AND GROW"
1933:
1931:
837:student Lee Han-yeol was seriously injured when a
633:
2409:"[뭐라노] '부산 미래유산' 선정됐지만 넝쿨에 가려진 이태춘 열사 벽화"
2366:
2364:
1676:United States Joint Publications Research Service
2885:
1600:A Troubled Peace: U.S. Policy and the Two Koreas
790:National Coalition for a Democratic Constitution
746:as well as the officially-recognized opposition
311:National Coalition for a Democratic Constitution
2648:"10 Movies About South Korea's Democratization"
2407:Lee, Joon-Yong; Lee, Dong-Yoon (June 9, 2020).
1928:
2361:
2007:
2005:
2003:
107:accompanying your translation by providing an
69:Click for important translation instructions.
56:expand this article with text translated from
1454:Adesnik, A. David; Kim, Sunhyuk (July 2008).
771:reincarnation according to Buddhist tradition
586:On June 10, the military regime of President
583:, the present-day government of South Korea.
567:, was a nationwide pro-democracy movement in
2570:Constitution of the Republic of Korea (1987)
1189:Two weeks before the presidential election,
1084:
1044:
1034:
961:
951:
886:
806:
800:
707:Student movement and death of Park Jong-chul
654:. This system persisted even after Park was
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506:
490:
2843:
2554:
2514:
2474:
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2432:
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2334:
2332:
2330:
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2192:
2180:
2147:"치안본부, 야권집회 불법으로 간주. 질서 파괴 엄단[김진원]"
2070:
2000:
1962:
1868:
1853:
1813:
1741:
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1627:
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1572:
1560:
1449:
1447:
1445:
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1439:
1437:
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1426:
1363:
1361:
1151:Man voting in the constitutional referendum
609:Unwilling to resort to violence before the
32:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
2673:"<인터뷰> 6.10 만화 '100 °C' 작가 최규석"
2155:(in Korean). June 11, 1987. Archived from
1984:(in Korean). June 10, 1987. Archived from
1786:"1987: S Korea clashes over student death"
1453:
162:
2787:"역사왜곡 논란 '설강화' 두고 해외 팬들도 "이런 드라마인 줄 몰랐다""
2376:"FURY AND TURMOIL: DAYS THAT SHOOK KOREA"
1394:
1392:
1133:being undertaken per day in this period.
2727:
2592:"KAL FLIGHT EMERGING AS S. KOREAN ISSUE"
2427:
2327:
1432:
1358:
1146:
1136:
1094:
824:
820:
782:Catholic Priests Association for Justice
710:
579:, which led to the establishment of the
335:Catholic Priests Association for Justice
27:1987 South Korean pro-democracy movement
2436:
2305:
1490:
1398:
1177:1987 South Korean presidential election
1170:
621:as president that December with a bare
177:June 10–29, 1987 (large-scale outbreak)
14:
2886:
2406:
2114:
1389:
1108:Engine Trade Union was established in
852:
2728:Marshall, Colin (December 31, 2017).
2589:
2529:"Great Labor Uprising of summer 1987"
2526:
1544:The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus
1289:Agency for National Security Planning
1211:
1143:Constitution of the Republic of Korea
881:in Seoul. As students reached nearby
638:Since the 1972 implementation of the
2527:Kyung, Moon Hwang (August 2, 2017).
1708:
1537:
742:targeted offices of both the ruling
38:
2756:
2645:
2040:"VIOLENT PROTESTS ROCK SOUTH KOREA"
1880:
1596:
1068:Eventually, Roh Tae-woo issued the
648:National Conference for Unification
282:and formation of the Sixth Republic
24:
2785:In, Hyun-woo (December 21, 2021).
2784:
1709:Dong, Wonmo (Winter–Spring 1987).
1491:Zimelis, Andris (September 2011).
25:
2945:
2872:
1939:"Constitutional History of Korea"
1331:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
725:United States Information Service
2924:South Korean democracy movements
2904:Political history of South Korea
2757:Lim, Jang-won (March 31, 2021).
2590:Hiatt, Fred (December 4, 1987).
2084:"Asians Pay Tribute to the Pope"
1716:Journal of International Affairs
1538:Paik, Nak-chung (June 4, 2007).
361:
43:
2837:
2807:
2778:
2750:
2721:
2693:
2665:
2639:
2611:
2583:
2575:. October 29, 1987 – via
2560:
2520:
2488:"84. 6·18 최루탄 추방대회와 6·26 평화대행진"
2480:
2400:
2306:Burgess, John (June 18, 1987).
2299:
2259:
2231:
2198:
2139:
2108:
2092:. April 3, 2005. Archived from
2076:
2031:
1968:
1902:
1874:
1819:
1778:
1747:
1702:
1661:
1633:
1590:
1346:Non-cooperation movement (2024)
1301:2016–2017 South Korean protests
1193:exploded when it was flying to
888:박종철군 고문치사 조작, 은폐 규탄 및 호헌철폐 국민대회
664:Coup d'état of December Twelfth
634:Indirect presidential elections
2821:(in Korean). December 20, 2021
2815:"설강화: K-드라마, 창작의 자유와 역사 왜곡 논란"
2437:Jameson, Sam (June 21, 1987).
1531:
1484:
1374:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
1045:
1035:
962:
952:
913:National Security Headquarters
906:inside the building. Cardinal
887:
807:
801:
753:On January 13, 1987, activist
555:
507:
491:
340:Reunification Democratic Party
117:You may also add the template
13:
1:
2646:Kao, Anthony (May 18, 2018).
1399:Jameson, Sam (July 6, 1987).
1351:
1091:Labor movement of South Korea
1027:Great National March of Peace
628:
2496:(in Korean). January 5, 2005
2340:"최루탄 추방의 날, 최루탄에 희생된 이태춘 열사"
1914:Lee Han Yeol Memorial Museum
1881:Lee, Min-a (June 28, 2005).
1186:that would create a runoff.
1079:
695:Throughout this period, the
671:held parliamentary elections
179:January–July 9, 1987 (total)
7:
2736:Los Angeles Review of Books
2706:University of Hawaiʻi Press
1678:. June 20, 1985. p. 15
1294:
1250:University of Hawaiʻi Press
1216:A segment of the 1999 film
1013:, a guarantee to rights of
813:
748:New Korean Democratic Party
536:
522:
345:New Korean Democratic Party
10:
2950:
2681:(in Korean). June 10, 2009
2345:Korea Democracy Foundation
2275:(in Korean). June 10, 2022
2267:"당시 청소년 참가자가 전하는 투쟁 참가 경험"
2247:(in Korean). June 12, 2017
1509:10.1177/097492841106700305
1174:
1165:National Assembly of Korea
1140:
1088:
847:May 18th National Cemetery
119:{{Translated|ko|6월 민주 항쟁}}
81:Machine translation, like
29:
1835:(in Korean). May 22, 2001
1316:Bu-Ma Democratic Protests
1085:1987 Great Labor Struggle
980:, the city center around
759:Seoul National University
596:South Korean constitution
529:
515:
499:
483:
478:
466:
461:
439:
434:
410:
405:
368:Government of South Korea
293:
288:
259:
245:
225:
195:
183:
173:
161:
150:
145:
58:the corresponding article
2909:20th-century revolutions
1341:Indonesian riots of 1998
1258:1987: When the Day Comes
875:Democratic Justice Party
744:Democratic Justice Party
590:announced its choice of
547:June Democratic Struggle
479:June Democratic Struggle
445:4 – 5 million protestors
415:Decentralized leadership
393:Democratic Justice Party
146:June Democratic Struggle
2899:Protests in South Korea
2894:Fifth Republic of Korea
1326:People Power Revolution
1184:two-round voting system
1011:prisoners of conscience
561:June Democracy Movement
206:Proposed succession of
128:For more guidance, see
2934:Democratic revolutions
1597:Lee, Chae-Jin (2006).
1284:historical negationism
1152:
1100:
830:
729:student demonstrations
716:
379:Republic of Korea Army
1669:Korean Affairs Report
1472:on September 15, 2012
1191:Korean Air Flight 858
1150:
1137:Constitutional reform
1098:
829:Lee Han-yeol Memorial
828:
821:Death of Lee Han-yeol
714:
658:and then replaced by
559:), also known as the
537:Yuwŏl Minju Hangjaeng
523:Yuwol Minju Hangjaeng
270:Stronger civil rights
130:Knowledge:Translation
101:copyright attribution
1888:Korea JoongAng Daily
1465:(83). Archived from
1463:CDDRL Working Papers
1171:Democratic elections
929:White-collar workers
900:Myeongdong Cathedral
517:Revised Romanization
274:Democratic elections
2919:1987 in South Korea
2845:Katsiaficas, George
2388:on October 21, 2022
2272:Workers' Solidarity
2219:on November 4, 2017
1988:on October 20, 2013
1827:"이근안과 박처원, 그리고 노덕술"
1070:June 29 Declaration
1015:freedom of assembly
982:Seomyeon Roundabout
853:Main demonstrations
701:university students
640:Yushin Constitution
381:(quickly rescinded)
374:South Korean police
266:June 29 Declaration
2929:Civil disobedience
2678:Yonhap News Agency
2624:Yonhap News Agency
2557:, p. 309-331.
2517:, p. 296-297.
2493:Kyunghyang Shinmun
2212:The New York Times
2118:(March 21, 2013).
2089:The New York Times
1856:, p. 281-283.
1816:, p. 272-273.
1795:. February 7, 1987
1764:The New York Times
1731:– via JSTOR.
1646:The New York Times
1575:, p. 279-280.
1212:In popular culture
1153:
1131:industrial actions
1101:
917:disorderly conduct
867:illegal assemblies
831:
717:
642:by then-president
611:1988 Olympic Games
577:democratic reforms
254:civil disobedience
109:interlanguage link
2864:978-1-60486-457-1
2477:, p. 295-96.
2195:, p. 290-91.
2183:, p. 289-90.
2052:on April 23, 2023
1965:, p. 285-86.
1699:, p. 260-61.
1630:, p. 258-60.
1587:, p. 279-80.
1157:public referendum
1099:Protests in Seoul
835:Yonsei University
652:electoral college
573:ruling government
543:
542:
531:McCune–Reischauer
474:
473:
457:
456:
401:
400:
238:1980 constitution
236:Abolition of the
141:
140:
70:
66:
16:(Redirected from
2941:
2868:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2764:The Korea Herald
2754:
2748:
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2688:
2686:
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2658:
2643:
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2636:
2634:
2632:
2627:. March 31, 2019
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2564:
2558:
2555:Katsiaficas 2012
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2524:
2518:
2515:Katsiaficas 2012
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
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2484:
2478:
2475:Katsiaficas 2012
2472:
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2463:Katsiaficas 2012
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2454:
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2451:
2449:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2384:. Archived from
2368:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2336:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2303:
2297:
2294:Katsiaficas 2012
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2280:
2263:
2257:
2256:
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2224:
2215:. Archived from
2202:
2196:
2193:Katsiaficas 2012
2190:
2184:
2181:Katsiaficas 2012
2178:
2169:
2168:
2166:
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2137:
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2106:
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2103:
2101:
2080:
2074:
2071:Katsiaficas 2012
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2048:. Archived from
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1972:
1966:
1963:Katsiaficas 2012
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1878:
1872:
1869:Katsiaficas 2012
1866:
1857:
1854:Katsiaficas 2012
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
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1823:
1817:
1814:Katsiaficas 2012
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1751:
1745:
1742:Katsiaficas 2012
1739:
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1697:Katsiaficas 2012
1694:
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1687:
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1637:
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1628:Katsiaficas 2012
1625:
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1594:
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1585:Katsiaficas 2012
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1573:Katsiaficas 2012
1570:
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1561:Katsiaficas 2012
1558:
1552:
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1529:
1528:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1460:
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1430:
1427:Katsiaficas 2012
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1365:
1321:Gwangju Uprising
1311:April Revolution
1239:
1219:Peppermint Candy
1048:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1003:
965:
964:
955:
954:
942:On June 18, the
890:
889:
863:Korea University
816:
810:
809:
804:
803:
798:
786:Gwangju Massacre
737:
721:Gwangju Uprising
558:
557:
539:
525:
510:
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494:
493:
476:
475:
452:100,000 soldiers
441:
440:
366:
365:
331:
319:
295:
294:
202:Authoritarianism
166:
143:
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120:
114:
87:Google Translate
68:
64:
47:
46:
39:
21:
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2712:
2710:
2709:. July 19, 2022
2699:
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2654:
2652:Cinema Escapist
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2617:
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2600:
2597:Washington Post
2588:
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2561:
2553:
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2539:
2537:
2534:The Korea Times
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2313:Washington Post
2304:
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2250:
2248:
2239:"촛불을 만든 6월의 기억"
2237:
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2232:
2222:
2220:
2203:
2199:
2191:
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2179:
2172:
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2160:
2159:on May 13, 2016
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
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2125:The Korea Times
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2096:on July 9, 2023
2082:
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2069:
2065:
2055:
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2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1943:ConstitutionNet
1937:
1936:
1929:
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1626:
1622:
1615:
1607:. p. 123.
1595:
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1297:
1278:, broadcast on
1229:
1214:
1179:
1173:
1145:
1139:
1093:
1087:
1082:
997:
883:Seoul City Hall
855:
823:
792:
731:
709:
636:
631:
600:direct election
511:
495:
453:
451:
446:
430:
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397:
384:
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313:
302:
250:Protest marches
232:Democratization
191:
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137:
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118:
112:
71:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
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15:
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2873:External links
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2819:BBC News Korea
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2479:
2467:
2465:, p. 294.
2455:
2426:
2399:
2381:New York Times
2372:Clyde Haberman
2360:
2326:
2298:
2296:, p. 252.
2286:
2258:
2230:
2197:
2185:
2170:
2138:
2116:Lankov, Andrei
2107:
2075:
2073:, p. 288.
2063:
2045:New York Times
2030:
1999:
1967:
1955:
1927:
1901:
1873:
1871:, p. 286.
1858:
1846:
1818:
1806:
1777:
1755:Clyde Haberman
1746:
1744:, p. 272.
1734:
1701:
1689:
1660:
1649:. May 23, 1985
1632:
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1613:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1563:, p. 270.
1553:
1530:
1503:(3): 263–278.
1483:
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1429:, p. 277.
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1263:Jang Joon-hwan
1261:, directed by
1255:The 2017 film
1213:
1210:
1172:
1169:
1138:
1135:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
992:Prime Minister
974:Clyde Haberman
969:New York Times
854:
851:
822:
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755:Park Jong-chul
708:
705:
697:labor movement
644:Park Chung-hee
635:
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581:Sixth Republic
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1794:
1793:- On This Day
1792:
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1723:(2): 248–49.
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1369:"6월항쟁 (六月抗爭)"
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1306:8888 Uprising
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1227:Choi Kyu-sok
1224:
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1199:Kim Hyon-hui
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1127:middle class
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1074:Kim Dae-jung
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879:Jamsil Arena
871:house arrest
860:
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832:
808:民主憲法爭取國民運動本部
802:민주헌법쟁취국민운동본부
779:
767:asphyxiation
752:
718:
694:
689:Hankook Ilbo
687:
675:Kim Dae-jung
668:
660:Choi Kyu-hah
656:assassinated
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349:Labor groups
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218:Lee Han-yeol
152:
151:Part of the
105:edit summary
96:
63:
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36:
2795:(in Korean)
2448:October 22,
2415:(in Korean)
2349:(in Korean)
2163:October 22,
2019:(in Korean)
2017:6월항쟁 공식홈페이지
2013:"6월항쟁 타임라인"
1916:(in Korean)
1910:"이한열 기념사업회"
1476:February 5,
1377:(in Korean)
1242:100 °C
1230: [
1043::
1033::
998: [
995:Lee Han-key
960::
950::
921:riot police
908:Kim Su-hwan
793: [
732: [
592:Roh Tae-woo
569:South Korea
553::
426:Roh Tae-woo
326: [
314: [
300:Protestors
278:End of the
260:Resulted in
208:Roh Tae-Woo
189:South Korea
65:(July 2023)
2888:Categories
2825:August 15,
2799:August 15,
2770:August 15,
2742:August 15,
2713:August 15,
2685:August 15,
2657:August 15,
2631:August 10,
2603:August 10,
2577:Wikisource
2392:August 20,
2223:August 10,
2131:August 20,
2100:August 20,
2056:August 15,
1992:August 16,
1948:August 11,
1894:August 10,
1682:August 27,
1674:(Report).
1653:August 27,
1381:August 15,
1352:References
1240:published
1175:See also:
1141:See also:
1089:See also:
629:Background
598:to permit
462:Casualties
212:Deaths of
2540:August 8,
2419:August 1,
2319:August 8,
2279:August 8,
2251:August 8,
1839:August 8,
1799:August 8,
1770:April 25,
1605:JHU Press
1525:154037349
1517:0974-9284
1268:The 2021
1252:in 2023.
1225:In 2009,
1080:Aftermath
1023:the press
963:催淚彈追放國民大會
953:최루탄추방국민대회
623:plurality
604:president
196:Caused by
123:talk page
60:in Korean
2855:PM Press
2847:(2012).
2734:BLARB -
2500:July 27,
2443:LA Times
2353:July 27,
2152:MBC News
2023:July 20,
1981:MBC News
1791:BBC News
1729:24356712
1412:July 27,
1406:LA Times
1295:See also
1275:Snowdrop
1118:walkouts
987:overpass
839:tear gas
683:Mok-dong
563:and the
556:6월 민주 항쟁
492:6월 민주 항쟁
467:Death(s)
184:Location
157:movement
99:provide
1272:series
1270:K-drama
1206:turnout
1195:Bangkok
1114:strikes
1106:Hyundai
1051:Gwangju
1046:國民平和大行進
1036:국민평화대행진
937:Daejeon
933:necktie
814:Guk-bon
799:(NCDC;
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551:Korean
508:六月民主抗爭
485:Hangul
435:Number
1725:JSTOR
1672:(PDF)
1521:S2CID
1470:(PDF)
1459:(PDF)
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1110:Ulsan
1063:Yeosu
1059:Mokpo
1055:Suwon
1041:Hanja
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978:Busan
958:Hanja
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650:, an
615:Seoul
501:Hanja
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226:Goals
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2859:ISBN
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