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288:"The task of our Girls League is to bring up our girls as torch bearers of the national-socialist world. We need girls who are at harmony between their bodies, souls and spirits. And we need girls who, through healthy bodies and balanced minds, embody the beauty of divine creation. We want to bring up girls who believe in Germany and our leader, and who will pass these beliefs on to their future children."
300:(anti-aircraft) batteries guarding German cities. By means of this, the Nazi system would allow young women to come to combat service. Girls as young as 13 operated flak batteries, fired guns and shot down Allied planes. Many were killed when their batteries were hit by bombs or machine-gun fire from Allied fighters. Later in the war, BDM girls fought against the advancing Allied armies.
316:, she remained "an unreconstructed Nazi". In a 2000 interview she said: "National Socialism is not repeatable. One can take over only the values which we espoused: comradeship, readiness to support one another, bravery, self-discipline and not least honour and loyalty. Apart from these, each young person must find their way alone."
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By 1941, however, there was an acute labour shortage in
Germany as some men were conscripted and sent to the front, and the BDM girls were increasingly pressed into compulsory labour service, usually either on farms or in munitions factories, with girls from upper or middle-class families going into
308:
Rüdiger was arrested by
American forces in 1945, and spent two and a half years in detention. Rüdiger was not charged with any specific offence, and was never brought to trial. Upon her release, she resumed her career as a paediatric psychologist, in the areas of the educational guidance and
229:"the people were really hungry. It was very, very hard. And in that context, Hitler with his statements seemed to be the bringer of salvation. I myself had the feeling that here was a man who did not think about himself and his own advantage, but solely about the good of the German people."
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Membership of the BDM became compulsory for girls between 10 and 18 in 1936, and the law was strengthened in 1939, but membership was never as universal as membership of the Hitler Youth was for boys. The destiny of BDM girls under the Nazi state was to then participate in the
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253:). This was in accordance with Nazi policy that women and their organisations must always be subordinate to male leadership. Schirach was zealous in preventing the BDM becoming autonomous, or coming under the control of the
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As BDM Leader, Rüdiger had the title Reichs Deputy of the BDM (Reichsreferentin des BDM). This signified that her position was subordinate to the overall Nazi Youth Leader (Reichsjugendführer),
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In 1935, Rüdiger became BDM Leader in the Ruhr-Lower Rhine region. In
November 1937 she became Leader of the BDM, at which time she joined the Nazi Party. She succeeded
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office jobs. Rüdiger came to preside over a female work force of several millions, directing them as the economic ministries requested additional labour.
221:, but which grew rapidly after the Nazis came to power in January 1933. She described the connection that she and millions of German people felt towards
214:(Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund). From 1933 she was an assistant psychologist at the Institute for Occupational Research in Düsseldorf.
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Faith and Beauty) society, open for ages 17 to 21. They would then become wives to Nazi men to bear many children to increase the strength of the
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industrial psychology, in Düsseldorf. She also maintained a membership of the
Association of German Professional Psychologists.
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She became active in the leadership of the BDM, which had been started in 1930 as a girls' auxiliary to the male-only
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364:; Hrsg.: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Jugendforschung GBR, Lindhorst. Zsgest. von Jutta Rüdiger. Lindhorst: Askania
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237:, who had vacated the position on her marriage, as Nazi policy required. Rüdiger was leader until 1945.
626:"Auch Du gehörst dem Führer": die Geschichte des Bundes Deutscher Mädel (BDM) in Quellen und Dokumenten
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Rüdiger interview footage published on the DVD "Glaube und
Schoenheit" by German Zeitreisen-Verlag
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where her father was an engineer. She trained as a psychologist. While a student at
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relationship with her partner and cooperator Hedy Böhmer. She died in 2001 at
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Der Bund
Deutscher Mädel in Dokumenten: Materialsammlung zur Richtigstellung
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182:(14 June 1910 – 13 March 2001) was a German psychologist and head of the
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From 1943 onwards, the BDM also supplied thousands of girls for work in
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According to Rüdiger, leader of the League of German Girls in 1937:
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German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
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257:(Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft, NSF), whose Leader
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in the 1920s, she became a convinced Nazi and joined the
587:. Berlin Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg. p. 114.
566:"Die Psychologin Dr. Jutta Rüdiger. Eine Karriere.
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190:(Bund Deutscher Mädel, BDM), from 1937 to 1945.
342:Der Bund Deutscher Mädel: eine Richtigstellung
488:. University of Michigan Press. p. 39.
431:. University of Michigan Press. p. 38.
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212:National Socialist German Students' League
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628:, Weinheim: Juventa, 2001, pp. 41ff.
515:Weimar: From Enlightenment to the Present
551:Interview with Jutta Rüdiger (in German)
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461:. Harvard University Press. p. 78.
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225:and his rise to power around this time:
137:National Socialist German Workers' Party
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485:Growing Up Female in Nazi Germany
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428:Growing Up Female in Nazi Germany
414:Junge Freiheit, 49/99 (in German)
60:November 1937 – May 1945
581:Vukadinović, Vojin Saša (2023).
512:Kater, Michael H. (2014-09-28).
455:Kater, Michael H. (2009-06-30).
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662:LGBTQ people in the Nazi Party
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391:"Viewpoint: His dark charisma"
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249:(and his successor from 1940,
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389:Rees, Laurence (2012-11-07).
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482:Reese, Dagmar (2006-06-26).
425:Reese, Dagmar (2006-06-26).
344:, Lindhorst: Askania, c1984
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355:abridged electronic version
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682:German women psychologists
624:Gisela Miller-Kipp (ed.),
619:"Ein Leben für die Jugend"
564:Gundlach, Horst. (2013).
255:Nazi Women's Organisation
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312:According to historian
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188:League of German Girls
160:University of Würzburg
692:Women in Nazi Germany
304:Arrest and later life
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259:Gertrud Scholtz-Klink
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677:German psychologists
657:Hitler Youth members
268:Glaube und Schönheit
198:Rüdiger was born in
621:- Dr. Jutta Rüdiger
569:" Report Psychologi
247:Baldur von Schirach
241:Career in the Reich
16:German psychologist
667:Nazi Party members
202:but brought up in
525:978-0-300-21010-1
495:978-0-472-06938-5
468:978-0-674-03935-3
438:978-0-472-06938-5
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598:. Retrieved
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169:Psychologist
121:(2001-03-13)
106:14 June 1910
78:Succeeded by
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647:2001 deaths
642:1910 births
600:14 February
149:Hedy Böhmer
66:Preceded by
636:Categories
400:2024-09-22
376:References
235:Trude Mohr
204:Düsseldorf
184:Nazi Party
166:Profession
155:Alma mater
102:1910-06-14
71:Trude Mohr
128:, Germany
111:, Germany
56:In office
395:BBC News
208:Würzburg
329:Bavaria
321:lesbian
140:(NSDAP)
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278:race.
223:Hitler
200:Berlin
109:Berlin
276:Aryan
602:2024
589:ISBN
520:ISBN
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346:ISBN
298:flak
116:Died
96:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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