480:
457:
53:
3081:
549:
848:
Kanamycin works by interfering with protein synthesis. It binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This results in incorrect alignment with the mRNA and eventually leads to a misread that causes the wrong amino acid to be placed into the peptide. This leads to nonfunctional peptide chains.
1005:
surface to treat resistant bacterial strains have been studied. Kanamycin functionalized gold-nanoparticles (Kan-GNPs) were synthesized and tested for its antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative strains. A dose dependent antibacterial activity was noted for Kan-GNPs in
926:
plates or are grown in media containing kanamycin (50-100 ÎĽg/mL). Only the bacteria that have successfully taken up the kanamycin resistance gene become resistant and will grow under these conditions. As a powder, kanamycin is white to off-white and is soluble in water (50 mg/mL).
1000:
Antibiotic resistance or development of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains is a key challenge for treating bacterial infections. With limited research being carried out to design and develop new antibiotics, novel approaches like functionalizing antibiotic to metal
857:
Kanamycin is a mixture of three main components: kanamycin A, B, and C. Kanamycin A is the major component in kanamycin. The effects of these components do not appear to be widely studied as individual compounds when used against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
896:-glucose. One of the branches forms kanamycin C and kanamycin B, while the other branch forms kanamycin D and kanamycin X. However, both kanamycin B and kanamycin D can be converted to kanamycin A, so both branches of the pathway converge at kanamycin A.
1638:
1216:
The selection and use of essential medicines: report of the WHO Expert
Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines, 2019 (including the 21st WHO Model List of Essential Medicines and the 7th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for
1631:
987:
is used with an additional bacterial promoter. Several versions of the kanMX cassette are in use, e.g. kanMX1-kanMX6. They primarily differ by additional restriction sites and other small changes around the actual
1624:
591:
InChI=1S/C18H36N4O11/c19-2-6-10(25)12(27)13(28)18(30-6)33-16-5(21)1-4(20)15(14(16)29)32-17-11(26)8(22)9(24)7(3-23)31-17/h4-18,23-29H,1-3,19-22H2/t4-,5+,6-,7-,8+,9-,10-,11-,12+,13-,14-,15+,16-,17-,18-/m1/s1
656:
Common side effects include hearing and balance problems. Kidney problems may also occur. Kanamycin is not recommended during pregnancy as it may harm the baby. It is likely safe during
888:
in four steps. At this point the kanamycin pathway splits into two branches due to the promiscuity of the next enzyme, which can utilize two different glycosyl donors - UDP-N-acetyl-α-
2239:
1440:
Wach A, Brachat A, Pöhlmann R, Philippsen P (December 1994). "New heterologous modules for classical or PCR-based gene disruptions in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae".
2232:
1188:
Executive summary: the selection and use of essential medicines 2019: report of the 22nd WHO Expert
Committee on the selection and use of essential medicines
128:
649:. Kanamycin is recommended for short-term use only, usually from 7 to 10 days. Since antibiotics only show activity against bacteria, it is ineffective in
971:(= G418, an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar to kanamycin) when transformed with a kanMX marker. In yeast, the kanMX marker avoids the requirement of
1483:
Steiner S, Philippsen P (February 1994). "Sequence and promoter analysis of the highly expressed TEF gene of the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii".
2225:
1269:
756:
Kanamycin enters breast milk in small amounts. The manufacturer therefore advises that people should either stop breastfeeding or kanamycin. The
73:
768:
Kanamycin should be used with caution in newborns due to the risk of increased drug concentration resulting from immature kidney function.
563:
873:
The kanamycin biosynthetic pathway can be divided into two parts. The first part is common to several aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as
1539:
1526:
Wach A (March 1996). "PCR-synthesis of marker cassettes with long flanking homology regions for gene disruptions in S. cerevisiae".
1104:
934:
is native to a plant species, of comparatively large size and its coded protein acts in a manner which decreases the possibility of
2217:
1616:
3035:
2183:
678:
1134:
1386:
694:
Kanamycin is indicated for short-term treatment of bacterial infections caused by one or more of the following pathogens:
3101:
918:) coupled to a gene coding for kanamycin resistance (primarily Neomycin phosphotransferase II ). Bacteria that have been
730:
species. In cases of serious infection when the causative organism is unknown, Kanamycin injection in conjunction with a
1415:
870:
is kanamycin A, additional products are also produced, including kanamycin B, kanamycin C, kanamycin D and kanamycin X.
608:
1304:
1234:
1167:
583:
3106:
3052:
2200:
946:
The selection marker kanMX is a hybrid gene consisting of a bacterial aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (kan from
1412:"Horizontal Gene Transfer: Plant vs. Bacterial Genes for Antibiotic Resistance Scenario's—What's the Difference?"
664:
family of medications. It works by blocking the production of proteins that are required for bacterial survival.
232:
3111:
938:
from the plant to bacteria; it may be incapable of giving resistance to bacteria even if gene transfer occurs.
922:
with a plasmid containing the kanamycin resistance gene are plated on kanamycin (50-100 ÎĽg/mL) containing
757:
3121:
475:
341:
2252:
1023:
436:
2740:
2644:
2295:
1265:
3071:
2048:
673:
397:
2984:
1211:
1183:
919:
777:
17:
3116:
2503:
1677:
935:
452:
2247:
3040:
2188:
2122:
1959:
121:
109:
1646:
2386:
1993:
1968:
1765:
1571:"Novel Synthesis of Kanamycin Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with Potent Antibacterial Activity"
708:
418:
1569:
Payne JN, Waghwani HK, Connor MG, Hamilton W, Tockstein S, Moolani H, et al. (May 2016).
1157:
1045:
377:
2144:
1880:
1776:
1771:
714:
2693:
1896:
630:
357:
350:
201:
479:
456:
330:
265:
8:
2322:
1735:
1100:
951:
882:
785:
720:
702:
638:
249:
117:
83:
258:
1844:
1597:
1570:
1551:
1508:
1465:
1059:
989:
750:
91:
738:-type drug may be given initially before obtaining results of susceptibility testing.
2964:
2960:
2529:
1654:
1602:
1543:
1500:
1457:
1240:
1230:
1163:
1063:
904:
Kanamycin is used in molecular biology as a selective agent most commonly to isolate
408:
1555:
1512:
1469:
1047:
The
Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies
3012:
2956:
2584:
2115:
2065:
1592:
1582:
1535:
1492:
1449:
1220:
1191:
1051:
650:
492:
173:
161:
151:
141:
2272:
3085:
3003:
2998:
2710:
2579:
2574:
2139:
2075:
1343:
1126:
956:
290:
191:
181:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
3046:
2863:
2793:
2778:
2539:
2424:
2412:
2290:
2194:
2011:
1916:
1850:
1781:
1700:
1658:
1647:
980:
661:
1285:
Drugs in
Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk
3095:
3008:
2952:
2944:
2906:
2896:
2868:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2798:
2783:
2720:
2715:
2639:
2604:
2392:
2081:
2033:
1964:
1694:
1587:
1411:
1244:
984:
735:
726:
668:
657:
646:
468:
240:
2-(aminomethyl)- 6-oxy- 2-hydroxy- cyclohexoxy]- tetrahydropyran- 3,4,5-triol
1540:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(19960315)12:3<259::AID-YEA901>3.0.CO;2-C
1361:
44:
2992:
2988:
2916:
2853:
2823:
2788:
2758:
2594:
2569:
2554:
2544:
2534:
2508:
2449:
2397:
2344:
2317:
2307:
2164:
2058:
2018:
1901:
1797:
1750:
1662:
1606:
1298:
1002:
881:. In it a unique aminocyclitol, 2-deoxystreptamine, is biosynthesized from
634:
156:
146:
136:
1547:
1504:
1461:
1453:
2978:
2924:
2901:
2828:
2813:
2808:
2725:
2612:
2589:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2524:
2368:
2339:
2096:
1984:
1906:
1740:
1710:
642:
31:
1325:
1225:
1196:
310:
2974:
2934:
2929:
2878:
2858:
2843:
2818:
2773:
2768:
2702:
2673:
2653:
2473:
2468:
2459:
2454:
2439:
2434:
2382:
2334:
2248:
2169:
2159:
2154:
2091:
2086:
2043:
2038:
2028:
1989:
1818:
1791:
1755:
1651:
1496:
1055:
972:
947:
793:
731:
626:
525:
321:
35:
2803:
2763:
2750:
2683:
2678:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2489:
2444:
2407:
2402:
2373:
2363:
2353:
1974:
1949:
1891:
1863:
1834:
1828:
1812:
1802:
1745:
1720:
1715:
968:
964:
874:
276:
214:
77:
2888:
2358:
2329:
2023:
1944:
1933:
1929:
1871:
1730:
1725:
1705:
905:
878:
789:
781:
301:
548:
424:
2873:
1939:
1876:
915:
910:
696:
2970:
1920:
1886:
995:
388:
52:
2149:
1439:
539:
368:
441:
1568:
923:
2630:
2281:
1210:
1182:
1200:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.05. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
681:
in 2019. It is no longer marketed in the United States.
679:
3069:
1103:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
706:
species (both indole-positive and indole-negative),
1482:
1287:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 787.
3093:
289:
975:markers. In addition, the kanMX marker renders
637:. It is not a first line treatment. It is used
264:
257:
744:
2233:
1632:
1043:
996:Antibiotic Conjugated Nanoparticle Synthesis
571:O(2(O)(O1O(CN)(O)(O)1O)(N)C2N)3O((O)(N)3O)CO
1476:
1435:
1433:
1095:
1093:
760:considers kanamycin okay in breastfeeding.
741:Kanamycin does not treat viral infections.
2701:
2240:
2226:
1639:
1625:
1127:"Kanamycin (Kantrex) Use During Pregnancy"
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
478:
455:
329:
51:
1596:
1586:
1224:
1195:
356:
349:
1519:
1430:
667:Kanamycin was first isolated in 1957 by
1272:from the original on 10 September 2017.
1155:
1070:
950:Tn903) under control of the strong TEF
689:
451:
309:
14:
3094:
1282:
1176:
1162:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 302.
1107:from the original on 10 September 2017
914:) which have taken up genes (e.g., of
469:
2221:
1620:
1219:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1190:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1137:from the original on 20 December 2016
417:
396:
376:
82:
1525:
1350:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1300:Consumer Drug Information: Kanamycin
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
423:
160:
150:
140:
2004:Intestinal anti-inflammatory agents
1247:. WHO technical report series;1021.
866:While the main product produced by
280:
24:
963:Mammalian cells, yeast, and other
899:
25:
3133:
2061:agents, excluding corticosteroids
1251:
3079:
1485:Molecular & General Genetics
1418:from the original on 6 June 2013
1387:"kanamycin biosynthesis pathway"
509:
503:
186:very low after by mouth delivery
1562:
1404:
1379:
1354:
1336:
1318:
1307:from the original on 3 May 2008
1291:
1024:"Antibiotic abbreviations list"
941:
861:
771:
684:
596:Key:SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N
2741:transpeptidation/translocation
1276:
1204:
1149:
1119:
1037:
1016:
1006:comparison to free kanamycin.
852:
758:American Academy of Pediatrics
621:, often referred to simply as
515:
497:
13:
1:
2108:Antidiarrheal micro-organisms
1009:
1044:Elks J, Ganellin DR (1990).
843:
799:Other side effects include:
7:
1050:. Springer. pp. 717–.
979:resistant to kanamycin. In
763:
745:Pregnancy and breastfeeding
10:
3138:
3102:Aminoglycoside antibiotics
1950:Camphorated opium tincture
1687:Intestinal anti-infectives
1266:"Kanamycin (By injection)"
886:-glucopyranose 6-phosphate
868:Streptomyces kanamyceticus
806:Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
677:. It was removed from the
674:Streptomyces kanamyceticus
487:Chemical and physical data
29:
3030:
2985:Quinupristin/dalfopristin
2943:
2915:
2887:
2749:
2738:
2692:
2638:
2629:
2603:
2517:
2502:
2482:
2421:
2304:
2289:
2280:
2253:inhibit protein synthesis
2178:
2132:
2107:
2003:
1915:
1861:
1686:
1670:
1575:Frontiers in Microbiology
1212:World Health Organization
1184:World Health Organization
1159:Drug Discovery: A History
802:Gastrointestinal effects
604:
579:
559:
537:
524:
491:
486:
467:
435:
407:
387:
367:
340:
320:
300:
275:
248:
228:
223:
219:Urine (as unchanged drug)
213:
200:
190:
180:
172:
127:
108:
90:
72:
64:
59:
50:
2504:Tetracycline antibiotics
1883:, known as Pepto-Bismol)
1678:Oral rehydration therapy
1588:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00607
1362:"Kanamycin Sulfate, USP"
936:horizontal gene transfer
930:At least one such gene,
810:Musculoskeletal effects
753:D in the United States.
30:Not to be confused with
3107:Anti-tuberculosis drugs
2123:Saccharomyces boulardii
892:-glucosamine and UDP-α-
647:injection into a muscle
967:acquire resistance to
839:Malabsorption syndrome
831:Neuromuscular blockade
709:Enterobacter aerogenes
660:. Kanamycin is in the
3112:Cell culture reagents
2145:Bismuth subsalicylate
1881:bismuth subsalicylate
1777:Succinylsulfathiazole
1772:Phthalylsulfathiazole
1454:10.1002/yea.320101310
715:Klebsiella pneumoniae
643:injection into a vein
629:used to treat severe
2694:Peptidyl transferase
2133:Other antidiarrheals
784:or loss of hearing,
690:Spectrum of activity
631:bacterial infections
3122:Japanese inventions
2323:Dihydrostreptomycin
1982:does not cross BBB:
1101:"Kanamycin Sulfate"
818:Neurologic effects
786:toxicity to kidneys
782:ringing in the ears
721:Serratia marcescens
671:from the bacterium
47:
3057:Never to phase III
2205:Never to phase III
1497:10.1007/BF00280415
1156:Sneader W (2005).
1056:10.1007/BF00171763
990:open reading frame
835:Metabolic effects
828:Blurring of vision
751:pregnancy category
209:2 hours 30 minutes
43:
3067:
3066:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
2734:
2733:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2530:Chlortetracycline
2498:
2497:
2215:
2214:
1655:anti-inflammatory
1448:(13): 1793–1808.
1332:. 17 August 2016.
1283:Briggs G (2011).
895:
891:
885:
814:Myasthenia gravis
792:reactions to the
616:
615:
550:Interactive image
437:CompTox Dashboard
16:(Redirected from
3129:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3075:
2747:
2746:
2699:
2698:
2636:
2635:
2585:Rolitetracycline
2515:
2514:
2302:
2301:
2287:
2286:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2116:Escherichia coli
2076:Aminosalicylates
2066:Cromoglicic acid
1641:
1634:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1303:, 2 April 2008,
1295:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1249:
1248:
1228:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1097:
1068:
1067:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1020:
893:
889:
883:
651:viral infections
612:
611:
552:
532:
517:
511:
505:
499:
482:
471:
460:
459:
445:
443:
427:
421:
400:
380:
360:
353:
333:
313:
293:
283:
282:
268:
261:
205:
164:
154:
144:
86:
55:
48:
46:
42:
21:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3117:Withdrawn drugs
3092:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3047:Clinical trials
3018:
3004:Streptogramin B
2999:Streptogramin A
2939:
2911:
2883:
2730:
2711:Chloramphenicol
2688:
2642:
2617:
2599:
2580:Penimepicycline
2575:Oxytetracycline
2506:
2494:
2478:
2417:
2293:
2291:Aminoglycosides
2276:
2246:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2195:Clinical trials
2174:
2140:Albumin tannate
2128:
2103:
2012:corticosteroids
1999:
1917:Antipropulsives
1911:
1857:
1682:
1666:
1645:
1615:
1614:
1567:
1563:
1524:
1520:
1481:
1477:
1438:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1368:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1281:
1277:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1237:
1209:
1205:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1071:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1012:
998:
981:shuttle vectors
957:Ashbya gossypii
944:
902:
900:Use in research
864:
855:
846:
774:
766:
747:
692:
687:
607:
605:
600:
597:
592:
587:
586:
575:
572:
567:
566:
555:
530:
520:
514:
508:
502:
463:
439:
431:
403:
383:
363:
336:
316:
296:
279:
271:
244:
241:
236:
235:
203:
182:Bioavailability
174:Pharmacokinetic
168:
111:
104:
93:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3135:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3089:
3088:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2982:
2968:
2949:
2947:
2945:Streptogramins
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2864:Troleandomycin
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2794:Flurithromycin
2791:
2786:
2781:
2779:Clarithromycin
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2605:Glycylcyclines
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2540:Demeclocycline
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2512:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2431:
2429:
2425:Micromonospora
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2413:Nourseothricin
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2249:Antibacterials
2245:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:Hydrocortisone
2021:
2014:acting locally
2007:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1930:Opium tincture
1926:
1924:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1851:Broxyquinoline
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1782:Sulfaguanidine
1779:
1774:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1701:Amphotericin B
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1659:anti-infective
1648:Antidiarrheals
1644:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1561:
1534:(3): 259–265.
1518:
1491:(3): 263–271.
1475:
1429:
1414:. Isb.vt.edu.
1403:
1378:
1353:
1335:
1317:
1290:
1275:
1250:
1235:
1203:
1175:
1168:
1148:
1118:
1069:
1036:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1008:
997:
994:
943:
940:
901:
898:
863:
860:
854:
851:
845:
842:
841:
840:
833:
832:
829:
826:
823:
816:
815:
808:
807:
773:
770:
765:
762:
746:
743:
691:
688:
686:
683:
662:aminoglycoside
614:
613:
602:
601:
599:
598:
595:
593:
590:
582:
581:
580:
577:
576:
574:
573:
570:
562:
561:
560:
557:
556:
554:
553:
545:
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534:
528:
522:
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465:
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462:
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405:
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401:
393:
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385:
384:
382:
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373:
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365:
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354:
346:
344:
338:
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326:
324:
318:
317:
315:
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306:
304:
298:
297:
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286:
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273:
272:
270:
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231:
230:
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225:
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211:
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188:
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178:
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170:
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166:
133:
131:
125:
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114:
112:administration
106:
105:
103:
102:
98:
96:
88:
87:
80:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3134:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3087:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3014:
3010:
3009:Virginiamycin
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2953:Pristinamycin
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2907:Solithromycin
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Telithromycin
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Tulathromycin
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2849:Telithromycin
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:Solithromycin
2837:
2835:
2834:Roxithromycin
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2799:Gamithromycin
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:Dirithromycin
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Thiamphenicol
2719:
2717:
2716:Azidamfenicol
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2640:Oxazolidinone
2637:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:Tetracyclines
2516:
2513:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2458:
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2436:
2433:
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2430:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:Spectinomycin
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
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2355:
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2351:
2346:
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2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
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2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
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2313:
2310:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
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2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
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2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:Sulfasalazine
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2049:Beclometasone
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Betamethasone
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:Diphenoxylate
1963:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
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1467:
1463:
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1236:9789241210300
1232:
1227:
1222:
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1213:
1207:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1171:
1169:9780471899792
1165:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1136:
1132:
1131:www.drugs.com
1128:
1122:
1106:
1102:
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1078:
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1074:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1004:
1003:nanoparticles
993:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
958:
953:
949:
939:
937:
933:
928:
925:
921:
917:
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912:
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880:
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871:
869:
859:
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838:
837:
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830:
827:
824:
821:
820:
819:
813:
812:
811:
805:
804:
803:
800:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
769:
761:
759:
754:
752:
749:Kanamycin is
742:
739:
737:
736:cephalosporin
733:
729:
728:
727:Acinetobacter
723:
722:
717:
716:
711:
710:
705:
704:
699:
698:
682:
680:
676:
675:
670:
669:Hamao Umezawa
665:
663:
659:
658:breastfeeding
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
610:
603:
594:
589:
588:
585:
578:
569:
568:
565:
558:
551:
547:
546:
544:
541:
536:
529:
527:
523:
496:
494:
490:
485:
481:
477:
474:
472:
470:ECHA InfoCard
466:
458:
454:
453:DTXSID3023184
450:
449:
447:
438:
434:
426:
425:RCSB PDB
420:
415:
414:
412:
410:
406:
399:
395:
394:
392:
390:
386:
379:
375:
374:
372:
370:
366:
359:
355:
352:
348:
347:
345:
343:
339:
332:
328:
327:
325:
323:
319:
312:
308:
307:
305:
303:
299:
292:
288:
287:
285:
278:
274:
267:
263:
260:
256:
255:
253:
251:
247:
238:
237:
234:
227:
222:
218:
216:
212:
208:
206:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
135:
134:
132:
130:
126:
123:
122:intramuscular
119:
115:
113:
107:
100:
99:
97:
95:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:Clinical data
58:
54:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2993:Quinupristin
2989:Dalfopristin
2917:Lincosamides
2854:Tildipirosin
2824:Oleandomycin
2789:Erythromycin
2759:Azithromycin
2595:Tetracycline
2570:Omadacycline
2555:Meclocycline
2545:Eravacycline
2535:Clomocycline
2450:Micronomicin
2423:
2398:Hygromycin B
2387:+loteprednol
2345:Ribostamycin
2318:Streptomycin
2308:Streptomyces
2306:
2165:Racecadotril
2121:
2114:
2074:
2059:antiallergic
2057:
2019:Prednisolone
2010:
1994:+simethicone
1981:
1957:
1897:Crospovidone
1845:Oxyquinoline
1843:
1827:
1811:
1798:Nifuroxazide
1790:
1766:Sulfonamides
1764:
1751:Streptomycin
1693:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1445:
1441:
1420:. Retrieved
1406:
1396:30 September
1394:. Retrieved
1390:
1381:
1369:. Retrieved
1365:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1309:, retrieved
1299:
1293:
1284:
1278:
1226:10665/330668
1215:
1206:
1197:10665/325773
1187:
1178:
1158:
1151:
1139:. Retrieved
1130:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1046:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1018:
999:
976:
962:
955:
945:
942:KanMX marker
931:
929:
909:
903:
872:
867:
865:
862:Biosynthesis
856:
847:
834:
825:Paresthesias
817:
809:
801:
798:
778:side effects
775:
772:Side effects
767:
755:
748:
740:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
693:
685:Medical uses
672:
666:
655:
635:tuberculosis
622:
618:
617:
606:
202:Elimination
68:K/KAN/HLK/KM
40:
3043:from market
2979:Linopristin
2925:Clindamycin
2902:Cethromycin
2829:Rokitamycin
2814:Midecamycin
2809:Kitasamycin
2726:Florfenicol
2703:Amphenicols
2647:inhibitors)
2613:Tigecycline
2590:Sarecycline
2565:Minocycline
2560:Metacycline
2550:Lymecycline
2525:Doxycycline
2369:Bekanamycin
2340:Paromomycin
2298:inhibitors)
2191:from market
2097:Balsalazide
1985:Eluxadoline
1952:(paregoric)
1907:Diosmectite
1902:Attapulgite
1879:(including
1862:Intestinal
1741:Polymyxin B
1736:Paromomycin
1711:Fidaxomicin
1695:Antibiotics
1671:Rehydration
1344:"Kanamycin"
1326:"Kanamycin"
973:auxotrophic
920:transformed
853:Composition
619:Kanamycin A
533: g·mol
476:100.000.374
378:CHEBI:17630
224:Identifiers
118:intravenous
65:Other names
45:Kanamycin A
32:Kanamycin B
3096:Categories
2975:Flopristin
2935:Pirlimycin
2930:Lincomycin
2879:Tylvalosin
2859:Tilmicosin
2844:Spiramycin
2819:Miocamycin
2774:Carrimycin
2769:Carbomycin
2751:Macrolides
2674:Ranbezolid
2654:Eperezolid
2645:initiation
2474:Astromicin
2469:Verdamicin
2460:Isepamicin
2455:Plazomicin
2440:Netilmicin
2435:Gentamicin
2383:Tobramycin
2335:Framycetin
2296:initiation
2170:Kaopectate
2160:Octreotide
2155:Crofelemer
2092:Olsalazine
2087:Mesalazine
2044:Budesonide
2039:Tixocortol
2029:Prednisone
1990:Loperamide
1864:adsorbents
1819:Miconazole
1792:Nitrofuran
1756:Vancomycin
1652:intestinal
1141:7 December
1111:6 December
1010:References
983:the KanMX
965:eukaryotes
948:transposon
732:penicillin
627:antibiotic
538:3D model (
526:Molar mass
409:PDB ligand
398:ChEMBL1384
358:RUC37XUP2P
351:EQK9Q303C5
322:ChemSpider
250:CAS Number
233:IUPAC name
192:Metabolism
116:By mouth,
36:Keanumycin
27:Antibiotic
3053:Phase III
3041:Withdrawn
2889:Ketolides
2804:Josamycin
2764:Boromycin
2684:Tedizolid
2679:Sutezolid
2669:Radezolid
2664:Posizolid
2659:Linezolid
2490:Butirosin
2445:Sisomicin
2408:Apramycin
2403:Totomycin
2374:Dibekacin
2364:Arbekacin
2354:Kanamycin
2201:Phase III
2189:Withdrawn
2150:Ceratonia
1975:Difenoxin
1969:+atropine
1835:Acetarsol
1829:Arsenical
1813:Imidazole
1803:Nifurzide
1746:Rifaximin
1721:Natamycin
1716:Kanamycin
1245:0512-3054
1217:Children)
1064:122125855
969:geneticin
875:butirosin
844:Mechanism
623:kanamycin
266:8063-07-8
215:Excretion
204:half-life
110:Routes of
92:Pregnancy
84:Monograph
78:Drugs.com
18:Kanamycin
3086:Medicine
2511:binding)
2422:-micin (
2359:Amikacin
2330:Neomycin
2305:-mycin (
1958:crosses
1945:Morphine
1934:laudanum
1872:Charcoal
1731:Nystatin
1726:Neomycin
1706:Colistin
1661:agents (
1607:27330535
1556:10450123
1513:19928246
1470:25158247
1416:Archived
1330:DrugBank
1305:archived
1270:Archived
1214:(2019).
1186:(2019).
1135:Archived
1105:Archived
985:cassette
952:promoter
916:plasmids
906:bacteria
879:neomycin
822:Headache
790:allergic
780:include
776:Serious
764:Children
639:by mouth
625:, is an
609:(verify)
302:DrugBank
129:ATC code
94:category
2874:Tylosin
1940:Codeine
1921:opioids
1877:Bismuth
1598:4908860
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1462:7747518
1422:24 June
1391:MetaCyc
1371:28 June
1348:PubChem
1029:22 June
977:E. coli
932:Atwbc19
911:E. coli
908:(e.g.,
703:Proteus
697:E. coli
531:484.503
493:Formula
311:DB01172
277:PubChem
259:59-01-8
196:Unknown
159: (
157:S01AA24
149: (
147:J01GB04
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139: (
137:A07AA08
3072:Portal
3036:WHO-EM
2971:NXL103
2273:QJ01XQ
2184:WHO-EM
1892:Kaolin
1887:Pectin
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1366:TOKU-E
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788:, and
724:, and
564:SMILES
389:ChEMBL
2739:MLS (
2483:other
2251:that
1552:S2CID
1528:Yeast
1509:S2CID
1466:S2CID
1442:Yeast
1311:4 May
1060:S2CID
954:from
734:- or
645:, or
584:InChI
540:JSmol
416:KAN (
369:ChEBI
2509:tRNA
2269:J01G
2265:J01F
2261:J01B
2257:J01A
1657:and
1603:PMID
1544:PMID
1501:PMID
1458:PMID
1424:2013
1398:2014
1373:2024
1313:2008
1241:ISSN
1231:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1143:2016
1113:2016
1031:2023
924:agar
877:and
794:drug
633:and
419:PDBe
342:UNII
331:5810
291:6032
176:data
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2965:IIB
2961:IIA
2631:50S
2282:30S
1960:BBB
1663:A07
1593:PMC
1583:doi
1536:doi
1493:doi
1489:242
1450:doi
1221:hdl
1192:hdl
1052:doi
442:EPA
281:CID
162:WHO
152:WHO
142:WHO
34:or
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2991:,
2977:,
2963:,
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2957:IA
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