719:
scheduled to be finished in 2025. The rehabilitation of the dam is being financed by the
European Union (EU), the World Bank, the Swedish government and the African Development Bank (AfDB), with the Zambian and Zimbabwe governments contributing counterpart funding. The project’s goal is to guarantee the structural integrity of the Kariba Dam, assuring the sustained generation of power primarily for the benefit of the inhabitants of Zimbabwe and Zambia and the broader Southern African Development Community area. The work on redesigning the plunge pool involves bulk excavating the rock in the current pool to assist plunge pool stabilization and avoid additional scouring or erosion along the weak fault zone towards the dam foundation. This reshaping work will be accomplished by constructing a temporary water-tight cofferdam to complete the reshaping work under dry conditions.
594:"Everything that a government can do on a meagre budget is being done. Demonstration gardens have been planted, to try to teach the Tonga more sensible methods of agriculture, and to try to find cash crops that they can grow. The hilly land has been plowed in ridge contours to guard against erosion. In Sinazongwe, an irrigated garden has grown a prodigious crop of pawpaws, bananas, oranges, lemons, and vegetables, and shown that the remains of the valley could be made prolific if only money could be found for irrigation. Cooperative markets have been organized, and Tonga are being taught to run them. Enterprising Tonga have been given loans to set themselves up as farmers. More schools have been built than the Tonga ever had before, and most of the Tonga are now within reach of dispensaries and hospitals."
455:
569:
560:
771:
743:
757:
40:
629:
463:
510:, which was in need of more power. This would have been a cheaper and less grandiose project, with a smaller environmental impact. Southern Rhodesia, the richest of the three, objected to a Kafue dam and insisted that the dam be sited instead at Kariba. Also, the capacity of the Kafue dam was much lower than that at Kariba. Initially, the dam was managed and maintained by the
639:
In an effort to regain control of their lives, the local people who were displaced by the Kariba dam's reservoir formed the
Basilwizi Trust in 2002. The Trust seeks mainly to improve the lives of people in the area through organizing development projects and serving as a conduit between the people of
672:
reported that heavy rain could lead to a release of water from the dam, which would force 50,000 people downstream to evacuate. Rising levels led to the opening of the floodgates in March 2010, requiring the evacuation of 130,000 people who lived in the floodplain, and causing concerns that flooding
714:
As of
November 2020 the water level in the Kariba reservoir has remained steady around the 25% capacity, up from nearly half that in November 2019. The Zambezi River Authority has stated that it is optimistic about rainfall estimates for the 2020/2021 rainfall season, allocating an increased amount
710:
On 22 February 2019 Bloomberg reported "Zambia has reduced hydropower production at the Kariba Dam because of rapidly declining water levels" but "Zambia doesn't anticipate power cuts as a result of shortages". On 5 August that year, the same publication reported that the reservoir was near empty,
445:
The north station belonging to Zambia has been in operation since 1976, and has four generators of 150 megawatts (200,000 hp) each for a total of 600 megawatts (800,000 hp); work to expand this capacity by an additional 360 megawatts (480,000 hp) to 960 megawatts (1,290,000 hp)
426:
station would be increased by 300 megawatts. The cost of upgrading the facility has been supported by a $ 319m loan from China. The deal is a clear example of
Zimbabwe's "Look East" policy, which was adopted after falling out with Western powers. Construction on the Kariba South expansion began in
699:
In
January 2016 it was reported that water levels at the dam had dropped to 12% of capacity. Levels fell by 5.58 metres (18.3 ft), which is just 1.75 metres (5 ft 9 in) above the minimum operating level for hydropower. Low rainfalls and overuse of the water by the power plants have
683:
On 3 October 2014 the BBC reported that "The Kariba Dam is in a dangerous state. Opened in 1959, it was built on a seemingly solid bed of basalt. But, in the past 50 years, the torrents from the spillway have eroded that bedrock, carving a vast crater that has undercut the dam's foundations. …
718:
It was reported in
February 2022 that rehabilitation work has been underway since 2017 on the Kariba dam. The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) said that work on the Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (KDRP), which includes efforts to reconfigure the plunge pool and rebuild the spillway gates, is
415:. Each country has its own power station on the north and south bank of the dam, respectively. The south station belonging to Zimbabwe has been in operation since 1960 and had six generators of 125 megawatts (168,000 hp) capacity each for a total of 750 megawatts (1,010,000 hp).
684:
engineers are now warning that without urgent repairs, the whole dam will collapse. If that happened, a tsunami-like wall of water would rip through the
Zambezi valley, reaching the Mozambique border within eight hours. The torrent would overwhelm Mozambique's
715:
of water for power production. At that time, the reservoir held 15.77 billion cubic meters of water, with the water line sitting at around 478.30 metres (1,569.23 ft), just above the minimum capacity for power generation of 475.50 metres (1,560.04 ft).
608:"Today, most are still 'development refugees'. Many live in less-productive, problem-prone areas, some of which have been so seriously degraded within the last generation that they resemble lands on the edge of the Sahara Desert."
620:(2005), focused on the plight of the people displaced by Kariba Dam, and found the situation little changed since the 1970s. In his view, Kariba remains the worst dam-resettlement disaster in African history.
688:
and knock out 40% of southern Africa's hydroelectric capacity. Along with the devastation of wildlife in the valley, the
Zambezi River Authority estimates that the lives of 3.5 million people are at risk."
722:
An energy crisis due to drought and low water levels continued into
January 2023, with water level falling to just 1% of capacity and output limited to 800 MW for a fraction of the day.
511:
696:. It concluded: "Whilst we can debate whether the Kariba Dam will fail, why it might occur and when, there is no doubt that the impact across the region would be devastating."
1826:
438:. The addition of two new 150 megawatts (200,000 hp) turbines raised capacity at this station to 1,050 megawatts (1,410,000 hp). The expansion work was done by
1011:
1443:
384:
was not completed until 1977, due to largely political problems, for a total cost of $ 480,000,000. During construction, 86 construction workers lost their lives.
380:
at a cost of $ 135,000,000 for the first stage with only the Kariba South power cavern. Final construction and the addition of the Kariba North Power cavern by
1095:
1766:
1841:
1836:
1629:
1523:
1576:
1602:
1192:
1286:
1073:
796:
680:, engineers warned that the foundations of the dam had weakened and there was a possibility of dam failure unless repairs were made.
983:
878:
1856:
1704:
498:. Northern Rhodesia had decided earlier in 1953 (before the Federation was founded) to build a dam within its territory, on the
72:
1861:
1851:
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1550:
1117:
801:
1495:
1315:
1008:
1139:
952:
866:
1451:
471:
357:
17:
1369:
474:. The Federation was often referred to as the Central African Federation (CAF). The CAF was a 'federal colony' within the
1866:
648:
The Kariba Dam controls 90% of the total runoff of the
Zambezi River, thus changing the downstream ecology dramatically.
583:
The creation of the reservoir forced resettlement of about 57,000 Tonga people living along the Zambezi on both sides.
1214:
846:
1723:
1678:
1241:
348:, which extends for 280 kilometres (170 mi) and holds 185 cubic kilometres (150,000,000 acre⋅ft) of water.
1528:
586:
There are many different perspectives on how much resettlement aid was given to the displaced Tonga. British author
388:
1831:
534:
660:
captured and removed around 6,000 large animals and numerous small ones threatened by the lake's rising waters.
700:
left the reservoir near empty, raising the prospect that both Zimbabwe and Zambia will face water shortages.
478:
in southern Africa that existed from 1953 to the end of 1963, comprising the former self-governing British
820:
930:
861:
Indictment: Power & Politics in the Construction Industry, David Morrell, Faber & Faber, 1987,
1767:"Zimbabwe Industrial Power Users Aim to Raise $ 250 Million for Floating Solar Panels - BNN Bloomberg"
1806:
692:
In June 2015 The Institute of Risk Management South Africa completed a Risk Research Report entitled
1260:"Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement: Theoretical Frameworks and Current Challenges"
344:. The dam stands 128 metres (420 ft) tall and 579 metres (1,900 ft) long. The dam forms
1801:
1294:
776:
677:
657:
515:
134:
1816:
908:
1259:
381:
399:
The Kariba Dam supplies 2,010 megawatts (2,700,000 hp) of electricity to parts of both
1811:
1654:
587:
487:
123:
8:
1344:
1096:"President Michael Sata commissions the Kariba North Bank extension hydro power station"
1821:
987:
886:
707:
reported that work had started relating to the plunge pool and cracks in the dam wall.
454:
442:, at a cost of US$ 533 million. Work started in 2014, and was completed in March 2018.
431:
286:
1146:
959:
862:
491:
483:
419:
1741:
1323:
786:
685:
538:
369:
577:
The dam under construction in the 1950s, showing the dangers faced by the workers.
1245:
1171:"Agreement relating to the Central African power corporation signed at Salisbury"
1051:
1028:
1015:
850:
530:
1428:
1414:
1170:
529:
Since Zambia's independence, three dams have been built on the Kafue River: the
1524:"Kariba dam drops to record low 12%, and Zimbabwe, Zambia stare at a nightmare"
1473:
726:
613:
601:
475:
361:
309:
223:
1795:
1218:
843:
748:
446:
was completed in December 2013. Two additional 180 MW generators were added.
262:
161:
87:
74:
568:
470:
The Kariba Dam project was planned and carried out by the Government of the
1724:"Low water levels have created an energy crisis at the world's largest dam"
1238:
762:
598:
329:
279:
271:
559:
1577:"Initial rehabilitation works on the Dam Wall at Lake Kariba has started"
1193:"Kariba Dam water levels will soon improve, says Zambezi River Authority"
791:
499:
345:
208:
1742:"Power crisis looms in Zambia as world's largest man-made dam dries up"
1630:"Power-Starved Zimbabwe, Zambia Face Further Drought-Induced Blackouts"
507:
423:
404:
418:
On November 11, 2013 it was announced by Zimbabwe's Finance Minister,
1287:"Pipe Dreams: Can the Zambezi River supply the region's water needs?"
495:
439:
412:
373:
278:
6 x 125 MW (168,000 hp), 2 x 150 MW (200,000 hp)
270:
4 x 150 MW (200,000 hp), 2 x 180 MW (240,000 hp)
1393:
770:
633:
519:
408:
365:
341:
151:
60:
45:
1049:
756:
640:
the Zambezi Valley and their country's decision-making process.
604:, who has studied these communities since the late 1950s, wrote:
503:
333:
523:
479:
400:
356:
The dam was constructed on the orders of the Government of the
337:
146:
56:
1140:"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000"
953:"Kariba Dam, Zambia and Zimbabwe; Final Report: November 2000"
377:
39:
958:. World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. VI. Archived from
628:
427:
mid-2014 and was initially expected to be complete in 2019.
1603:"Zambia Cuts Power From World's Biggest Man-Made Reservoir"
1145:. World Commission on Dams. 2000. p. 9. Archived from
549:
462:
729:
plant on Lake Kariba to improve electricity reliability.
669:
325:
909:"Opening of Kariba Dam by HM The Queen Mother, May 1960"
1118:"Zambia, Kariba Hydropower Plant, North bank extension"
1551:"Kariba dam rehabilitation works are progressing well"
1074:"DBSA provides $ 105m for Zambia hydropower expansion"
931:"PHmuseum: The Double Spiritual Nature of Lake Kariba"
1827:
Buildings and structures in Mashonaland West Province
738:
711:
and that it may have to stop hydropower production.
411:
and generates 6,400 gigawatt-hours (23,000 TJ)
1050:Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (30 March 2018).
506:. It would have been closer to Northern Rhodesia's
1705:"Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project (KDRP) Updates"
1076:. Cramer Media's Engineering News. 5 November 2010
1029:"Zimbabwe: Kariba South Power Expansion On Course"
514:. The Kariba Dam is now owned and operated by the
1655:"Kariba Reservoir Data | Zambezi River Authority"
1793:
1474:"The marooned baboon: Africa's loneliest monkey"
1052:"Zimbabwe Commissions Chinese-Built Power Plant"
676:In March 2014, at a conference organized by the
984:"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa"
879:"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Africa"
422:that capacity at the Zimbabwean (South) Kariba
1417:. February 6, 2008 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
725:Industrial power users have proposed a 250 MW
1679:"ZRA allots more water for Kariba generation"
1628:Hill, Matthew; Ndlovu, Ray (5 August 2019).
1431:. March 15, 2010 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
1054:. Beijing: Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
590:described the efforts in Northern Rhodesia:
883:Power Plants Around the World Photo Gallery
797:List of largest power stations in the world
1627:
1444:"Kariba Dam and Zim disaster preparedness"
839:
837:
38:
1496:"Impact of the failure of the Kariba Dam"
1257:
1217:. Zambezi River Authority. Archived from
372:and constructed between 1955 and 1959 by
228:663,000 km (256,000 sq mi)
1842:1959 establishments in Southern Rhodesia
1837:1959 establishments in Northern Rhodesia
1429:"Zambia opens dam to alleviate flooding"
1213:
627:
550:Population displacement and resettlement
544:
518:, which is jointly and equally owned by
461:
453:
436:Kariba South Hydroelectric Power Station
434:commissioned the completed expansion of
834:
694:Impact of the failure of the Kariba Dam
14:
1794:
1702:
802:List of crossings of the Zambezi River
218:180 km (150,000,000 acre⋅ft)
1721:
236:5,400 km (2,100 sq mi)
1441:
1370:"The Zambezi Valley: damned by dams"
472:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
458:The way to Zambia through Kariba Dam
358:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
324:is a double curvature concrete arch
1722:Ajasa, Amudalat (January 4, 2023).
1415:"Flood gates to open in Mozambique"
1043:
1009:'No talks with the West' - Zimbabwe
394:
24:
663:
651:
623:
25:
1878:
1787:
512:Central African Power Corporation
387:The dam was officially opened by
1703:Otieno, Patrick (May 13, 2014).
1239:Zesco: "History of Itezhi-Tezhi"
1195:. Lusaka Times. 17 February 2016
885:. Industry Cards. Archived from
769:
755:
741:
643:
567:
558:
389:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
364:. The double curvature concrete
360:, a 'federal colony' within the
1857:Tourist attractions in Zimbabwe
1759:
1734:
1715:
1696:
1671:
1647:
1621:
1595:
1569:
1543:
1516:
1488:
1466:
1435:
1421:
1407:
1386:
1362:
1337:
1308:
1279:
1266:
1251:
1232:
1207:
1185:
1163:
1132:
1110:
1098:. Lusaka Times. 4 December 2013
1088:
1066:
1021:
823:. Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Ed
351:
314:6,400 GWh (23,000 TJ)
1248:website accessed 1 March 2007.
1002:
976:
945:
923:
901:
871:
855:
813:
673:would spread to nearby areas.
13:
1:
1852:Tourist attractions in Zambia
1847:1959 establishments in Africa
986:. IndustCards. Archived from
807:
249:Maximum water depth
1031:. The Herald. 17 August 2015
703:In July and September 2018,
7:
1345:"Basilwizi Trust: About Us"
1291:Cultural Survival Quarterly
1258:Terminski, Bogumil (2013).
732:
502:, a major tributary of the
449:
10:
1883:
1709:Construction Review Online
1529:Mail & Guardian Africa
1320:Columbia Journalism Review
179:579 m (1,900 ft)
1862:Rhodesia–Zambia relations
1018:Zimbabwe Mail,10 May 2013
849:November 5, 2009, at the
430:In March 2018, president
308:
285:
261:
256:
248:
244:280 km (170 mi)
240:
232:
222:
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204:
199:
191:
183:
175:
167:
157:
145:
140:
130:
119:
111:
103:
66:
52:
37:
32:
668:On 6 February 2008, the
171:128 m (420 ft)
777:Renewable energy portal
678:Zambezi River Authority
516:Zambezi River Authority
287:Installed capacity
252:97 m (318 ft)
135:Zambezi River Authority
104:Construction began
27:Dam in Zambia, Zimbabwe
1867:Zambia–Zimbabwe border
1832:Dams completed in 1959
1316:"When Elephants Fight"
636:
610:
596:
467:
459:
310:Annual generation
195:24 metres (79 ft)
187:13 metres (43 ft)
120:Construction cost
1476:. BBC. 3 October 2014
1442:IRIN (9 April 2014).
1274:The Shadow of the Dam
1262:. Indiana University.
632:The dam as seen from
631:
606:
592:
545:Environmental impacts
535:Kafue Gorge Lower Dam
531:Kafue Gorge Upper Dam
488:British protectorates
465:
457:
382:Mitchell Construction
147:Type of dam
88:16.52222°S 28.76167°E
44:The dam as seen from
1503:International Rivers
336:river basin between
18:Kariba Power Station
911:. National Archives
656:From 1958 to 1961,
466:Zambezi river basin
241:Maximum length
224:Catchment area
215:Total capacity
93:-16.52222; 28.76167
84: /
1683:Zimbabwe Situation
1609:. 22 February 2019
1583:. 5 September 2018
1244:2005-09-07 at the
1173:. 25 November 1963
1014:2013-12-15 at the
637:
468:
460:
432:Emmerson Mnangagwa
184:Width (crest)
1659:www.zambezira.org
1349:www.basilwizi.org
867:978-0-571-14985-8
492:Northern Rhodesia
484:Southern Rhodesia
420:Patrick Chinamasa
318:
317:
233:Surface area
192:Width (base)
141:Dam and spillways
112:Opening date
16:(Redirected from
1874:
1807:Dams in Zimbabwe
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1454:on 11 April 2014
1450:. Archived from
1439:
1433:
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1425:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1394:"Operation Noah"
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1374:
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1360:
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1322:. Archived from
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1293:. Archived from
1283:
1277:
1272:Howarth, David,
1270:
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787:Cahora Bassa Dam
779:
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751:
746:
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744:
705:The Lusaka Times
686:Cahora Bassa Dam
612:American writer
571:
562:
539:Itezhi-Tezhi Dam
395:Power generation
391:on 17 May 1960.
370:Coyne et Bellier
368:was designed by
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89:
85:
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1728:Washington Post
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1581:Lusakatimes.com
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1555:Lusakatimes.com
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1276:. Collins, 1961
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1246:Wayback Machine
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1016:Wayback Machine
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
990:on 19 July 2009
982:
981:
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962:
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889:on 19 July 2009
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851:Wayback Machine
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664:Recent activity
654:
652:Wildlife rescue
646:
626:
624:Basilwizi Trust
581:
580:
579:
578:
574:
573:
572:
564:
563:
552:
547:
486:and the former
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1775:. Retrieved
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1748:. 2023-01-25
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1532:. 2016-01-20
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1452:the original
1448:New Zimbabwe
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821:"Kariba Dam"
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763:Water portal
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1812:Lake Kariba
1613:25 February
1587:25 February
1561:25 February
1508:25 February
1351:. Basilwizi
1120:. SinoHydro
1080:17 November
1035:31 December
893:20 February
792:Nyami Nyami
500:Kafue River
346:Lake Kariba
209:Lake Kariba
126:480 million
91: /
67:Coordinates
1796:Categories
1777:2023-07-06
1752:2023-07-06
1689:2020-11-23
1664:2020-11-22
1536:2016-02-18
1355:2020-12-09
1330:2007-07-31
1301:2007-07-31
1225:2012-09-23
1156:2010-11-17
969:2010-11-17
827:2007-07-31
808:References
618:Deep Water
508:Copperbelt
424:hydropower
405:Copperbelt
322:Kariba Dam
79:28°45′42″E
76:16°31′20″S
33:Kariba Dam
1822:Arch dams
1639:9 October
1634:Bloomberg
1480:3 October
496:Nyasaland
440:Sinohydro
413:per annum
200:Reservoir
1746:LifeGate
1458:10 April
1242:Archived
1058:31 March
1012:Archived
847:Archived
733:See also
634:Zimbabwe
537:and the
520:Zimbabwe
450:Location
409:Zimbabwe
374:Impresit
366:arch dam
342:Zimbabwe
304:2,010 MW
299:1,050 MW
263:Turbines
158:Impounds
152:Arch dam
131:Owner(s)
61:Zimbabwe
53:Location
46:Zimbabwe
1399:25 July
1378:25 July
1124:17 July
1102:17 July
994:17 July
504:Zambezi
334:Zambezi
332:of the
328:in the
205:Creates
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524:Zambia
480:colony
407:) and
401:Zambia
338:Zambia
302:Total:
297:South:
294:960 MW
292:North:
276:South:
268:North:
176:Length
168:Height
57:Zambia
1499:(PDF)
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403:(the
378:Italy
1641:2019
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124:US$
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