29:
185:
277:
Aside from this early conflict, Kebek's second reign was largely peaceful. The adoption of a standard coinage for the entire khanate started at the latest under Kebek; in any case he supported its use. He was also interested in establishing a capital for himself, something his nomadic predecessors
262:
Esen Buqa died some time around 1320 and Kebek succeeded him as khan. One of his first acts was to move against Yasa'ur, who had unsuccessfully rebelled against the
Ilkhans and was therefore in a weak position; Kebek's forces defeated and killed him in June 1320.
158:
was in charge of the khanate but his rule was quickly contested. His enemies rallied among Kebek, and they defeated and overthrew Taliqu in 1308 or 1309. As a result, Kebek became khan of the
165:
At this point, Kaidu's sons decided to make their move against the
Chagatayids. Having recently come off his war with Taliqu, Kebek found himself facing an invasion by Yangichar, Orus,
210:
as the khan. Esen Buqa was summoned to take control of the
Chagatai Khanate, and Kebek stepped down in his favor, although it was in favor of a Yuan Dynasty ruler.
150:
The situation in the
Chagatai Khanate following the death of Duwa in 1307 turned volatile, with two of his successors reigning within one year and with the sons of
943:
142:
believes this general must have been a different person, because the Indian chronicles state that he was captured and killed in India during the 1306 expedition.
28:
270:. He also sent annual tributes to the latter from 1323 onwards. Unlike his brother, Esen Buqa, Kebek avoided any conflict with the Khagan and surrendered to
871:
938:
166:
1814:
1277:
1421:
1189:
1181:
668:
184:
1887:
1429:
1485:
578:
552:
509:
403:
271:
246:, defected from Kebek's side and assisted the Ilkhans in defeating the Chagatayids. As a reward, Yasa'ur was given lands in
1512:
1461:
1437:
1236:
1202:
886:
1220:
1173:
238:, but then Kebek received urgent summons from Esen Buqa, who needed help in repelling an invasion from the east by the
1254:
1469:
1397:
1381:
1453:
1413:
1477:
1405:
1311:
1147:
1528:
1373:
1285:
1210:
881:
130:
was led by a general, whose name appears variously as "Kabak" or "Kapak" in the writings of the Delhi courtier
127:
1858:
1584:
1555:
1445:
928:
901:
896:
1365:
1163:
906:
891:
173:, where Kebek's forces ultimately won a pitched battle. Following this, Chapar decided to surrender to the
1536:
1504:
1355:
1303:
1155:
661:
454:
Reuven Amitai, Michal Biran - Mongols, Turks, and others: Eurasian nomads and the sedentary world, p.353
231:
392:
Massing, Jean Michel; Albuquerque, Luís de; Brown, Jonathan; González, J. J. Martín (1 January 1991).
1389:
1347:
1330:
1264:
1244:
1228:
990:
1882:
1295:
933:
654:
43:
497:
1676:
1620:
953:
393:
1877:
1576:
1568:
1048:
374:
8:
1824:
778:
181:(Emperor Wuzong), permanently ending the threat against the Chagatayids by Kaidu's sons.
700:
1646:
978:
918:
1013:
574:
548:
529:
505:
493:
399:
170:
139:
567:
1560:
1520:
973:
107:
562:
135:
1654:
542:
523:
178:
123:
923:
628:
601:
1667:
1641:
122:, who was the Khan from 1282 until 1307. Duwa sent several expeditions to the
1871:
1728:
1659:
966:
784:
677:
533:
189:
1723:
1628:
1068:
985:
961:
876:
810:
733:
713:
251:
239:
174:
131:
103:
1073:
504:. Vol. 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods. Cambridge University Press.
1794:
1743:
1703:
1672:
773:
621:
611:
247:
207:
75:
65:
218:
In 1314 Esen Buqa put Kebek in charge of an army that was to invade the
1839:
1748:
1098:
1083:
820:
243:
1708:
1698:
1063:
1043:
1038:
997:
638:
519:
286:
227:
219:
79:
266:
Kebek is known to have married two princesses from the court of the
1834:
1053:
913:
795:
223:
198:
33:
Silver coin of Kebek, second reign, circa AH 720-726 AD 1320-1326.
544:
Qaidu and the Rise of the
Independent Mongol State in Central Asia
1804:
1799:
1789:
1774:
1078:
1033:
1028:
815:
805:
743:
34:
646:
1784:
1758:
1753:
1088:
1058:
1018:
768:
728:
723:
718:
708:
594:
391:
323:
299:
279:
267:
155:
61:
357:
355:
353:
110:
from 1309 until 1310, and again from c. 1318 until his death.
1829:
1809:
1718:
1713:
1693:
1633:
800:
790:
738:
235:
188:"Rey chabech", identified with Kebek Khan (1309-1326) in the
151:
1214:(1205 / 1207 / 1209–10 / 1225–27)
436:
340:
338:
282:
became the capital city of the khanate during his lifetime.
1779:
1733:
1093:
1023:
469:
457:
350:
311:
138:
identified this general as Duwa Khan's son Kebek. However,
119:
230:
into
Ilkhanid territory and defeated an enemy army on the
1819:
424:
412:
335:
285:
Around 1326 Kebek died and was succeeded by his brother
206:
the Mongol princes agreed to recognize Kebek's brother
196:
With
Yangichar and his brothers defeated, Kebek held a
154:
still hoping to regain control over the khans. By 1308
944:
List of battles of the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
569:
The Empire of the
Steppes: A History of Central Asia
566:
939:Lists of battles of the Mongol invasion of Europe
518:
329:
305:
1869:
498:"Dynastic and Political History of the Il-Khans"
1359:(1220–22 / 1226–31 / 1237–64)
234:. The Chagatayid army then advanced as far as
662:
561:
442:
361:
317:
202:to decide on a future of the khanate. At the
842:
540:
475:
463:
344:
274:when the border skirmish broke out in 1323.
492:
430:
418:
669:
655:
27:
395:Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration
183:
242:. Soon afterwards a Chagatayid prince,
1870:
1289:(1277 / 1283 / 1287)
1248:(1236 / 1240 / 1252)
1608:
1119:
841:
688:
650:
272:Gegeen Khan, Emperor Yingzong of Yuan
1120:
872:Administrative divisions and vassals
1139:
381:. Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
222:. In January, together with allied
13:
525:History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)
213:
169:and Tügme. The two sides met near
14:
1899:
676:
689:
528:. Allahabad: The Indian Press.
485:
448:
257:
37:mint. Dated AH (7)22 (AD 1322).
16:Mongolian ruler of Central Asia
385:
367:
145:
1:
1888:14th-century monarchs in Asia
1859:Timeline of the Mongol Empire
1556:Division of the Mongol Empire
502:The Cambridge History of Iran
292:
113:
573:. Rutgers University Press.
44:Khan of the Chagatai Khanate
7:
806:Manghit / Mangudai
379:archivesetmanuscrits.bnf.fr
10:
1904:
1609:
1585:Esen Buqa–Ayurbarwada war
226:forces, Kebek crossed the
1856:
1767:
1686:
1619:
1615:
1604:
1548:
1497:
1400:(1223 / 1236–40)
1346:
1323:
1306:(1257 / 1284–88)
1276:
1201:
1146:
1135:
1115:
1006:
952:
929:Byzantine–Mongol Alliance
864:
860:
837:
752:
699:
695:
684:
635:
626:
618:
608:
599:
591:
398:. Yale University Press.
89:
85:
71:
57:
49:
42:
26:
21:
126:of India. Of these, the
882:Invasions and conquests
801:Paiza / Gerege
1539:(1260 / 1301)
1267:(1274 / 1281)
934:Franco-Mongol alliance
330:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
306:Kishori Saran Lal 1950
193:
541:Michal Biran (1997).
187:
118:Kebek was the son of
102:(died 1325/1326) was
1430:Serbia and Bulgaria
53:1309–1310, 1318–1325
1677:Khagans of the Yuan
1406:Poland and Bohemia
1182:Khwarazmian Empire
907:Society and economy
1422:Holy Roman Empire
877:Banner/Bunchuk/Tug
443:René Grousset 1970
362:René Grousset 1970
318:René Grousset 1970
194:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1577:Kaidu–Kublai war
1569:Berke–Hulagu war
1561:Toluid Civil War
1342:
1341:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
914:House of Borjigin
833:
832:
829:
828:
645:
644:
636:Succeeded by
609:Succeeded by
580:978-0-8135-1304-1
554:978-0-7007-0631-0
520:Kishori Saran Lal
511:978-0-521-06936-6
476:Michal Biran 1997
464:Michal Biran 1997
405:978-0-300-05167-4
345:Michal Biran 1997
278:had seldom done.
140:Kishori Saran Lal
97:
96:
1895:
1663:
1650:
1647:Töregene Khatun
1637:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1605:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1564:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1334:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1268:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1193:
1185:
1177:
1167:
1159:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1117:
1116:
1079:Shangdu (Xanadu)
1069:Sarai Batu/Berke
974:Chagatai Khanate
862:
861:
839:
838:
697:
696:
686:
685:
671:
664:
657:
648:
647:
619:Preceded by
592:Preceded by
589:
588:
584:
572:
558:
537:
515:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
452:
446:
440:
434:
431:J. A. Boyle 1968
428:
422:
419:J. A. Boyle 1968
416:
410:
409:
389:
383:
382:
371:
365:
359:
348:
342:
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
303:
108:Chagatai Khanate
31:
19:
18:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1844:
1763:
1682:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1611:
1592:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1544:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1506:
1493:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1382:Volga Bulgaria
1375:
1367:
1358:
1356:
1338:
1332:
1319:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1288:
1286:
1272:
1266:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1238:
1237:Southern China
1230:
1222:
1221:Northern China
1213:
1211:
1197:
1191:
1183:
1175:
1165:
1157:
1131:
1130:
1103:
1002:
979:House of Ögedei
948:
919:House of Ögedei
887:Destructiveness
856:
855:
825:
762:
748:
691:
680:
675:
641:
632:
624:
614:
605:
597:
587:
581:
555:
512:
488:
483:
482:
474:
470:
462:
458:
453:
449:
441:
437:
429:
425:
417:
413:
406:
390:
386:
373:
372:
368:
360:
351:
343:
336:
328:
324:
316:
312:
304:
300:
295:
260:
216:
214:Under Esen Buqa
148:
128:1306 expedition
124:Delhi Sultanate
116:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1901:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1883:Chagatai khans
1880:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1670:
1665:
1660:Oghul Qaimish
1657:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1363:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1282:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
983:
982:
981:
971:
970:
969:
958:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
924:Mongol Armenia
921:
916:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
868:
866:
858:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
843:
835:
834:
831:
830:
827:
826:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
781:
776:
771:
765:
763:
761:
760:
757:
753:
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
705:
703:
693:
692:
682:
681:
674:
673:
666:
659:
651:
643:
642:
637:
634:
625:
620:
616:
615:
610:
607:
598:
593:
586:
585:
579:
559:
553:
538:
516:
510:
489:
487:
484:
481:
480:
478:, p. 174.
468:
466:, p. 101.
456:
447:
445:, p. 340.
435:
433:, p. 408.
423:
421:, p. 405.
411:
404:
384:
375:"Consultation"
366:
364:, p. 338.
349:
334:
332:, p. 170.
322:
320:, p. 339.
310:
308:, p. 171.
297:
296:
294:
291:
259:
256:
250:by the Ilkhan
215:
212:
147:
144:
115:
112:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
73:
69:
68:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
40:
39:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1900:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1860:
1855:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Chagatai Khan
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1438:Latin Empire
1436:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
992:
989:
988:
987:
984:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
968:
967:Northern Yuan
965:
964:
963:
960:
959:
957:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
892:Imperial Seal
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
867:
863:
859:
851:
848:
845:
844:
840:
836:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
786:
785:Pax Mongolica
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
764:
758:
755:
754:
751:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
687:
683:
679:
678:Mongol Empire
672:
667:
665:
660:
658:
653:
652:
649:
640:
631:
630:
629:Chagatai Khan
623:
617:
613:
604:
603:
602:Chagatai Khan
596:
590:
582:
576:
571:
570:
564:
563:René Grousset
560:
556:
550:
546:
545:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
521:
517:
513:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:
477:
472:
465:
460:
451:
444:
439:
432:
427:
420:
415:
407:
401:
397:
396:
388:
380:
376:
370:
363:
358:
356:
354:
347:, p. 77.
346:
341:
339:
331:
326:
319:
314:
307:
302:
298:
290:
288:
283:
281:
275:
273:
269:
264:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
211:
209:
205:
201:
200:
191:
190:Catalan Atlas
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
143:
141:
137:
136:René Grousset
133:
129:
125:
121:
111:
109:
105:
101:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1738:
1629:Genghis Khan
1398:Kievan Rus'
1376:(1237–1300s)
1368:(1237–1300s)
1212:Western Xia
1174:Qara Khitai
1007:Major cities
986:Golden Horde
962:Yuan dynasty
849:Organization
783:
734:Khong Tayiji
627:
600:
568:
543:
524:
501:
486:Bibliography
471:
459:
450:
438:
426:
414:
394:
387:
378:
369:
325:
313:
301:
284:
276:
265:
261:
258:Second reign
240:Yuan Mongols
217:
203:
197:
195:
164:
159:
149:
132:Amir Khusrau
117:
99:
98:
1878:1326 deaths
1704:Sartaq Khan
1673:Kublai Khan
1668:Möngke Khan
1642:Ögedei Khan
1621:Great Khans
1587:(1314–1318)
1579:(1268–1301)
1531:(1260–1323)
1515:(1253–1256)
1498:Middle East
1392:(1238–1239)
1333:(1221–1327)
1192:(1219–1256)
1184:(1219–1221)
1166:(1264–1308)
1158:(1207-1308)
1024:Azov (Azaq)
690:Terminology
494:J. A. Boyle
248:Afghanistan
146:First reign
76:Esen Buqa I
66:Esen Buqa I
58:Predecessor
1872:Categories
1840:Nogai Khan
1724:Özbeg Khan
1655:Güyük Khan
1549:Civil wars
1537:Palestine
1446:Lithuania
1366:Circassia
1099:Xacitarxan
1084:Soltaniyeh
821:Darughachi
633:1318−1326
606:1309−1310
547:. Curzon.
293:References
114:Early life
1709:Orda Khan
1699:Batu Khan
1563:(1260–64)
1507:(1241–43)
1505:Anatolia
1480:(1287–88)
1472:(1285–86)
1464:(1264–65)
1456:(1259–60)
1448:(1258–59)
1424:(1241–42)
1416:(1241–42)
1408:(1240–41)
1384:(1229–36)
1374:Chechnya
1314:(1300–02)
1278:Southeast
1257:(1253–56)
1239:(1235–79)
1231:(1231–60)
1223:(1211–34)
1176:(1216–18)
1164:Sakhalin
1124:Campaigns
1074:Saray-Jük
1064:Samarkand
1039:Karakorum
998:Ilkhanate
756:Political
639:Eljigidey
622:Esen Buqa
612:Esen Buqa
534:685167335
287:Eljigidey
228:Amu Darya
220:Ilkhanate
208:Esen Buqa
80:Eljigidey
72:Successor
1835:Boroldai
1815:Khubilai
1795:Bo'orchu
1768:Military
1662:(regent)
1649:(regent)
1636:(regent)
1521:Baghdad
1470:Hungary
1414:Hungary
1357:Georgia
1304:Vietnam
1156:Siberia
1054:Maragheh
954:Khanates
902:Religion
897:Military
846:Politics
796:Kurultai
759:Military
565:(1970).
522:(1950).
496:(1968).
224:Neguderi
204:quriltai
199:quriltai
179:Khayisan
177:emperor
1805:Boroqul
1800:Guo Kan
1790:Negudar
1775:Subutai
1675: (
1513:Alamut
1486:Serbia
1478:Poland
1462:Thrace
1454:Poland
1390:Alania
1255:Yunnan
1190:Persia
1148:Central
1127:Battles
1034:Bolghar
1029:Bukhara
1014:Almalik
816:Kheshig
744:Tarkhan
252:Öljeitü
244:Yasa'ur
232:Murghab
192:, 1375.
171:Almaliq
106:of the
35:Bukhara
1785:Muqali
1759:Ghazan
1754:Arghun
1744:Hulegu
1634:Tolui
1610:People
1571:(1262)
1529:Syria
1523:(1258)
1488:(1291)
1440:(1242)
1432:(1242)
1348:Europe
1331:India
1312:Burma
1298:(1293)
1287:Burma
1265:Japan
1246:Tibet
1229:Korea
1089:Tabriz
1059:Qarshi
1019:Avarga
865:Topics
769:Jarlig
729:Jinong
724:Khanum
719:Khatun
709:Khagan
701:Titles
595:Taliqu
577:
551:
532:
508:
402:
280:Qarshi
268:Khagan
167:Chapar
156:Taliqu
62:Taliqu
1830:Kadan
1825:Bayan
1810:Jelme
1749:Abaqa
1739:Kebek
1719:Toqta
1714:Berke
1694:Jochi
1687:Khans
1324:South
1296:Java
1049:Majar
991:Wings
811:Tümen
791:Yassa
774:Örtöö
739:Noyan
236:Herat
152:Kaidu
100:Kebek
50:Reign
22:Kebek
1780:Jebe
1734:Duwa
1203:East
1140:Asia
1094:Ukek
1044:Dadu
852:Life
779:Orda
714:Khan
575:ISBN
549:ISBN
530:OCLC
506:ISBN
400:ISBN
175:Yuan
160:ulus
120:Duwa
104:Khan
93:1325
90:Died
1820:Aju
1874::
500:.
377:.
352:^
337:^
289:.
254:.
162:.
134:.
78:,
64:,
1679:)
670:e
663:t
656:v
583:.
557:.
536:.
514:.
408:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
22_(AD_1322).jpg)
_in_the_Catalan_Atlas,_1375.jpg)