29:
337:
589:
446:"... until his death Keiko was, rather than frolicking freely in his fjord, being taken for 'walks' by caretakers in a small boat at least three times a week. ... It took more than 60 failed attempts to reunite Keiko with free orcas before he followed a group where, spotting a fishing vessel off the Norwegian coast, he followed it into the fjords that would prove his final resting place."
399:, apparently seeking contact with human beings and allowing children to ride on his back. His caretakers relocated to Norway and continued to conduct boat-follows with Keiko for the next 15 months. On the basis of girth measurements and blood tests, it was assumed that Keiko had fed during his 900-mile (1500 km) journey from Iceland to
494:"You can't just let these animals out into the wild. You have to take the responsibility, and that might cost a lot of money. The fortune spent on Keiko might have been better invested in conservation programs to protect whales and their habitat ... But that's not as appealing as the adventures of a single whale".
498:
An alternative to freeing orcas after long-term captivity, is the use of a "sanctuary" or "oceanic enclosure" (sea pen), according to Lori Marino of the Whale
Sanctuary Project. "They can't be released, but their quality of life can be improved by orders of magnitude", Marino said in a 2016 interview
415:
Although Keiko was old for an orca in captivity, male orca in the wild live up to around 35 years. Executive director of the Free Willy-Keiko foundation stated that Keiko was relatively healthy, up until a quick onset of symptoms which consisted of lethargy and loss of appetite the day before. Dale
328:
The plan to return him to the wild was a topic of much controversy. Some felt his years of captivity made such a return impossible. Researchers in a scientific study later said attempts to return him to the wild were unsuccessful, but that monitoring him with radio and satellite tags was part of "a
300:
was given over $ 7 million to construct facilities to return him to health with the hope of eventually returning him to the wild. Reino
Aventura donated Keiko to the Foundation. Before he left the amusement park in Mexico City, Keiko performed for the public for the last time, and was seen off
261:
in 1993. The publicity from his role led to an effort by Warner
Brothers to find a better home for the orca. The pool for the now 21-foot-long (6.4 m) orca was only 22 feet (6.7 m) deep, 65 feet (20 m) wide and 114 feet (35 m) long. He was housed with bottlenose dolphins, but no
476:
In spite of those comments, David
Phillips, executive director of the Free Willy-Keiko Foundation, praised the release project: "We took the hardest candidate and took him from near death in Mexico to swimming with wild whales in Norway". "Keiko had five years with the sights and sounds of natural
411:
Keiko resided in Taknes Bay, which was a clear inlet of coastal water where he was free to roam. There he was fed and looked after by keepers. Keiko had a tracking device attached to his dorsal fin that allowed his four handlers to pinpoint his location as long as he stayed within range.
390:
re-established management of the project at that time until Keiko's death in 2003. Keiko was fully free by the summer of 2002 and departed
Icelandic waters in early August following some orcas but not integrated with the pod. His journey was tracked via the signal from a
432:
Most sources conclude that the project to free Keiko was a failure because the orca failed to adapt to life in the wild. In Norway, Keiko had little contact with other orcas and was not fishing; for months before his death, the whale was being fed daily.
234:, Mexico, in 1985. Keiko lived in a warm, chlorinated tank with artificial salt water. These conditions were more suited to dolphins, and due to this, his health continued to decline. Around this time Keiko was also performing frequently for the public.
423:
A spokesman of the Humane
Society of the United States, Nick Braden said that veterinarians administered antibiotics to Keiko after he started showing symptoms that Thursday, however this was not enough to prevent his death.
1449:
454:, "He was seen diving among the wild orcas only once, on 30 July 2002. And after physical contact at the surface, Keiko swam away, seeking out human company on the tracking boat". Simon, Hanson, Murrey,
320:, Keiko was housed in a new (2,000,000 US gallons (7,600,000 L)) concrete enclosure containing seawater. His weight had increased significantly by June 1997, to 9,620 pounds (4364 kg).
179:
and the
International Marine Mammal Project collaborated to return Keiko to the wild. After years of preparing Keiko for reintegration, Keiko was flown to Iceland in 1998 and in 2002, became the first
403:. Keiko occasionally approached groups of wild orcas, but remained on the periphery, at distances of 100–300 meters (109 to 328 yards), with his head pointing toward the closest orca.
477:
seawater. I think it was a great success in terms of Keiko, his well-being, and the whole world that wanted to do the right thing." Others also claim that the release was a success, and
1097:
Keiko was indeed a poor candidate for release, due to the early age of his capture, long history of captivity, prolonged lack of contact with conspecifics, and strong bonds with humans.
473:
Reasons cited for Keiko's failure to adapt include his early age at capture, the long history of captivity, prolonged lack of contact with conspecifics and strong bonds with humans.
364:. Keiko was transported in a specialized 30-foot-long (9.1 m) container filled with enough saltwater to cover him and cooled with ice cubes. He was then transported by air in a
383:. He was initially housed in a pen in the Klettsvik Bay where he underwent training designed to prepare him for his eventual release, including supervised swims in the open ocean.
329:
contingency plan for return to human care," which secured "the long-term well-being of the animal." Others considered his release misguided. The
Norwegian pro-whaling politician
284:
Outcry for Keiko's liberation arose from the film's credits containing a phone number for whale preservation that received hundreds of thousands of call-ins. Warner
Brothers and
792:
499:
where she agreed that the cost would be high ($ 15 to $ 20 million). "It's a solemn responsibility, and it's the best we can do for animals that are in captivity."
1457:
262:
others of his own species. Keiko was underweight for his size, and the water temperature was often too warm, which contributed to various skin problems. Due to a
1347:
1267:
825:
1417:
458:. (2009) confirm that he was seen on the periphery of some wild groups but was never seen to be socially integrated with such whales. In summary,
1471:
925:
345:
1130:
1210:
1152:
416:
Richards, one of his handlers, said Keiko died quickly after an irregular respiration rate was measured at age 27 on 12 December 2003.
376:, the C-17 Globemaster aircraft suffered a landing gear failure causing over $ 1 million in damage, though Keiko was unharmed.
274:, prior to his transfer to Mexico City, which complicated both his candidacy for relocation and for eventual release into the wild.
2164:
1044:
1572:
387:
1086:
340:
Loading Keiko onto a C-17 transport on 9 September 1998, in
Newport, Oregon for transport to the Westman Islands in Iceland
1020:
935:
730:
700:
1492:
1399:
566:
1378:
333:
made international news for his statement that Keiko should instead be killed and the meat sent to Africa as foreign aid.
361:
768:
720:
379:
His day-to-day care became the responsibility of the Free Willy-Keiko Foundation with management assistance from the
302:
1355:
867:
952:
344:
Nevertheless, the process of preparing Keiko for the wild began on 9 September 1998, when he was flown to
1427:
1110:
631:
607:
2154:
2149:
1939:
1565:
1215:
486:
The total cost of freeing Keiko was about US$ 20 million. The lead author of the study published by
1323:
1295:
528:
2169:
1156:
2174:
558:
509:
306:
1379:"Keiko (Free Willy): 20 Years Later, History Proves His Release to Have Been the Right Decision"
1220:
470:. (2009) Keiko's return to humans for food and for company confirms the failure of the project.
2159:
1853:
1605:
1558:
1138:
639:
373:
292:
in February 1995. With donations from the foundation and millions of school children, the
218:, Canada. At this new facility, he first started performing for the public and developed skin
2179:
1904:
1581:
1025:
747:
380:
357:
317:
310:
293:
34:
360:
again participated in transport, this time by providing ground transportation to the nearby
200:
1184:
977:
211:
8:
2066:
1883:
1785:
1755:
1276:
834:
797:
479:
462:"He never integrated into a wild pod ... and could not break his need for human contact."
1450:"Renowned marine conservationist Dr. Carl Safina joins board of Whale Sanctuary Project"
1055:
222:
indicative of poor health and was also bullied by an older orca. Keiko was then sold to
2001:
1980:
1914:
1838:
1828:
1595:
1501:
873:
689:
571:
386:
Ocean Futures left the Keiko project in late 2001. The Free Willy-Keiko Foundation and
238:
204:
288:
approached the International Marine Mammal Project for help. The IMMP established the
203:, Iceland in 1979 at the approximate age of two and sold to the Icelandic Aquarium in
2110:
1848:
1770:
1680:
1625:
1610:
1545:
1305:
1242:
1038:
931:
726:
696:
242:
301:
by thousands of children, with more onlookers watching his overnight journey to the
2093:
2037:
1934:
1924:
1899:
1750:
1640:
1476:
1034:
550:
365:
330:
266:
infection, Keiko experienced skin outbreaks, first observed while he was housed in
396:
1985:
1970:
1944:
1909:
1878:
1843:
1690:
1115:
602:
297:
2129:
2116:
2071:
2016:
1975:
1868:
1600:
515:
369:
353:
263:
227:
223:
183:
to be fully released back into the ocean. On 12 December 2003, he died of
162:
2143:
2043:
1965:
1949:
1833:
1800:
1700:
1665:
1655:
1422:
1309:
1091:
895:
483:
called it a "phenomenal success ... giving him years of health and freedom".
451:
207:. At the time, he was named Siggi, with the name Kago given at a later date.
180:
395:
tag attached to the dorsal fin. About a month later, he arrived in Norway's
245:
name that means "lucky one". At the time, he was only 10 feet (3.0 m) long.
1765:
1760:
1730:
1720:
1710:
1695:
1635:
1300:
1019:
Simon, M.; Hanson, M.B.; Murrey, L.; Tougaard, J.; Ugarte, F. (July 2009).
1018:
752:
594:
438:
176:
104:
28:
2049:
1858:
1795:
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1775:
1740:
1735:
1715:
1705:
1675:
1650:
1630:
1620:
661:
285:
231:
691:
Death at SeaWorld: Shamu and the dark side of killer whales in captivity
2011:
1929:
1863:
1670:
1660:
1645:
1615:
1541:
542:
257:
171:
169:
in 1979. He was best known for his portrayal of Willy in the 1993 film
117:
1725:
417:
184:
1919:
1745:
1383:
1328:
1251:
305:. At the time he weighed about 7,700 pounds (3493 kg). A
1534:
2021:
2006:
1188:
349:
336:
267:
215:
166:
56:
1550:
1873:
1823:
1685:
588:
400:
271:
219:
188:
978:"LM-100J — The Commercial C-130J Hercules | Code One Magazine"
313:(UPS) hauled Keiko to Newport, Oregon on 8 January 1996.
1805:
427:
158:
61:
1400:"Hope for Lolita in Keiko's successful return to the wild"
442:
describes the freed orca's life in Taknes Bay as follows:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
773:
523:, included interviews about Keiko's return to the ocean.
392:
1526:
1472:"The Whale Sanctuary Project: Saying no thanks to tanks"
1170:
950:
134:
1454:
The Whale Sanctuary Project (whalesanctuaryproject.org)
1342:
1340:
1289:
1287:
995:
1418:"The $ 20M lessons of "freeing" Keiko the whale"
786:
784:
626:
624:
622:
1153:"C-17 accident during whale lift due to design flaw"
1080:
1078:
1076:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
584:
1337:
1284:
953:"Keiko, the only captive orca to ever return home"
866:
819:
817:
815:
781:
769:"Orca trainer saw best of Keiko, worst of Tilikum"
748:"Keiko's love of children puts his life in danger"
739:
688:
619:
1348:"Watch what happens when you free a killer whale"
1084:
1073:
849:
722:Of Orcas and Men: What killer whales can teach us
2141:
1397:
1377:Whiting, Candace Calloway (17 September 2013).
1324:"Killer whales: What to do with captive orcas?"
812:
680:
1021:"An attempt to release Keiko the killer whale"
951:Colmenero, Karla Munguía (29 September 2022).
323:
277:
1566:
1087:"Why freeing Willy was the wrong thing to do"
919:
917:
793:"Ill 'Willy' presents a whale of a problem"
766:
1573:
1559:
914:
237:At Reino Aventura, he was given the name "
27:
428:Evaluation of the re-introduction process
1438:– via o.seattletimes.nwsource.com.
1293:
1108:
790:
745:
632:"Frequently asked questions about Keiko"
335:
1490:
1376:
1109:McCarthy, Michael (15 September 1998).
927:Keiko's Story: A killer whale goes home
864:
718:
388:The Humane Society of the United States
2142:
1491:Winerip, Michael (16 September 2013).
1265:
420:was determined as his cause of death.
1554:
1296:"Free at last? New row as Keiko dies"
924:Kurth, Linda Moore (18 August 2017).
923:
868:"Willy is freed! Well, moved, anyway"
823:
686:
824:Booth, William (10 September 1998).
1294:Townsend, Mark (13 December 2003).
1085:Brahic, Catherine (28 April 2009).
900:International Marine Mammal Project
791:Schrader, Esther (23 August 1993).
746:Townsend, Mark (7 September 2002).
636:International Marine Mammal Project
13:
1219:. 14 November 2014. Archived from
567:"The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed"
255:Keiko became the star of the film
14:
2191:
1580:
1527:"The Free Willy Keiko Foundation"
1519:
1398:Garrett, Howard (25 March 2016).
1266:Lusher, Adam (14 December 2003).
865:Preston, Julia (8 January 1996).
303:Mexico City International Airport
1494:The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed
1039:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00287.x
587:
521:The Whale Who Would Not Be Freed
95:12 December 2003 (at the age of
2165:Deaths from pneumonia in Norway
1484:
1464:
1442:
1410:
1391:
1370:
1316:
1259:
1235:
1203:
1185:"Keiko not so 'wild' in Norway"
1177:
1163:
1145:
1123:
1102:
970:
944:
888:
767:Kuo, Vivian (26 October 2013).
719:Neiwert, David (16 June 2015).
210:In 1982, he was transferred to
157:– 12 December 2003) was a male
1354:. 14 June 2016. Archived from
760:
712:
705:– via Internet Archive.
654:
502:
1:
1171:"Free Willy-Keiko Foundation"
1111:"'Turn Keiko into meatballs'"
687:Kirby, David (17 July 2012).
662:"Keiko the killer whale dies"
613:
248:
151:
96:
84:
1404:Daily Herald (HeraldNet.com)
608:List of individual cetaceans
7:
1216:National Geographic Society
695:. St. Martin's Press.
580:
450:According to an article in
324:Re-introduction to the wild
290:Free Willy-Keiko Foundation
279:Free Willy-Keiko Foundation
10:
2196:
1272:dies after return to wild"
2126:
2103:
2080:
2059:
2030:
1994:
1958:
1892:
1814:
1588:
1535:"Keiko: The untold story"
1420:. Travel & Outdoors.
940:– via Google Books.
735:– via Google Books.
362:Newport Municipal Airport
348:, a bay on the island of
132:
128:11,500 lb (5,200 kg)
124:
111:
91:
80:
72:
55:
42:
26:
1504:. Event occurs at 11:43
902:. Earth Island Institute
513:was released. In 2013 a
406:
199:Keiko was captured near
982:www.codeonemagazine.com
559:Keiko: The Untold Story
510:Keiko: The Untold Story
368:airplane loaned by the
309:cargo plane donated by
307:Lockheed L-100 Hercules
194:
1606:Brownie the Wonder Dog
1537:(documentary website).
1426:. 2009. Archived from
1139:McChord Air Force Base
725:. The Overlook Press.
640:Earth Island Institute
496:
448:
374:Vestmannaeyjar Airport
341:
1905:Budweiser Clydesdales
1026:Marine Mammal Science
492:
488:Marine Mammal Science
444:
381:Ocean Futures Society
339:
318:Oregon Coast Aquarium
311:United Parcel Service
294:Oregon Coast Aquarium
35:Oregon Coast Aquarium
16:Male orca (1976–2003)
1940:Rex the Wonder Horse
896:"Keiko whale rescue"
575:. 16 September 2013.
2067:Chirakkal Kalidasan
1786:Taco Bell chihuahua
1333:. 25 February 2010.
1131:"C-17A S/N 96-0006"
1050:. Natural History.
930:. Millbrook Press.
835:The Washington Post
798:The Washington Post
480:The Huffington Post
466:According to Simon
23:
2155:2003 animal deaths
2150:1976 animal births
1829:Crystal the Monkey
1596:Ace the Wonder Dog
1502:The New York Times
1480:(blog). July 2017.
1460:on 16 August 2017.
1135:McChord Air Museum
874:The New York Times
830:: The true sequel"
668:. 13 December 2003
572:The New York Times
372:. Upon landing at
342:
191:at the age of 27.
21:
2137:
2136:
1681:Kuma von Clifford
1430:on 14 August 2017
1358:on 16 August 2017
1223:on 14 August 2017
1191:. 31 August 2006
937:978-0-7613-1500-1
732:978-1-4683-1229-4
702:978-1-250-00831-2
554:(1996; TV series)
532:(1987; TV series)
507:In 2010 the film
145:
144:
2187:
2170:Individual orcas
2002:The lions of MGM
1935:Popcorn Deelites
1925:Docs Keepin Time
1900:Bamboo Harvester
1641:Dynamite the Dog
1575:
1568:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1538:
1530:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1500:. Retro report.
1499:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1477:Psychology Today
1468:
1462:
1461:
1456:. Archived from
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1374:
1368:
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1335:
1334:
1331:(news.bbc.co.uk)
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1291:
1282:
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1239:
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1228:
1211:"Death of Keiko"
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1155:. Archived from
1149:
1143:
1142:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1082:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1060:
1054:. Archived from
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1042:
1016:
993:
992:
990:
988:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
948:
942:
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684:
678:
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658:
652:
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649:
647:
628:
597:
592:
591:
576:
536:Keiko en peligro
366:C-17 Globemaster
331:Steinar Bastesen
161:captured in the
156:
153:
141:
138:
136:
101:
98:
86:
46:
31:
24:
20:
2195:
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2175:Newport, Oregon
2140:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2122:
2099:
2076:
2055:
2026:
1990:
1971:Bart the Bear 2
1954:
1888:
1844:Jimmy the Chimp
1816:
1810:
1584:
1579:
1533:
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1522:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1489:
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1416:
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1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1292:
1285:
1268:"Whale star of
1264:
1260:
1241:
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1236:
1226:
1224:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1159:on 29 May 2012.
1151:
1150:
1146:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1116:The Independent
1107:
1103:
1083:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1061:on 4 April 2016
1058:
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996:
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685:
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629:
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616:
603:Springer (orca)
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430:
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326:
298:Newport, Oregon
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50:
44:
38:
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12:
11:
5:
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2019:
2017:Morris the Cat
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
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1983:
1978:
1976:Brody the Bear
1973:
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1869:Marquis Chimps
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1696:Luke the Dog
1636:Doug the Pug
1508:17 September
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1056:the original
1052:Orca Network
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1045:"Simon 2009"
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957:Karla Mungia
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187:in a bay in
181:captive orca
177:Warner Bros.
170:
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112:Notable role
105:Arasvikfjord
66:Orcinus orca
65:
18:
2113:(crocodile)
2050:Mr Percival
1859:Jo Mendi II
1817:(non-human)
1776:Strongheart
1741:Rin Tin Tin
1402:. Opinion.
1247:whale dies"
1065:20 November
962:16 December
906:16 December
880:16 December
841:16 December
804:16 December
646:17 December
529:Quinceañera
503:Filmography
356:, Iceland.
286:Craig McCaw
232:Mexico City
175:. In 1996,
155: 1976
2144:Categories
2012:Grumpy Cat
1930:El Mokhtar
1915:Buttermilk
1864:Kokomo Jr.
1854:Joe Martin
1270:Free Willy
1245:Free Willy
828:Free Willy
614:References
543:Free Willy
258:Free Willy
250:Free Willy
212:Marineland
172:Free Willy
118:Free Willy
2096:(dolphin)
2081:Cetaceans
2060:Elephants
2052:(pelican)
1691:Lightning
1434:14 August
1362:15 August
1310:0261-3077
1227:14 August
418:Pneumonia
346:Klettsvík
185:pneumonia
115:Willy in
100: 27
2119:(lizard)
2104:Reptiles
2040:(parrot)
1986:Hercules
1920:Cass Ole
1815:Primates
1746:Sanggeun
1601:Brigitte
1384:HuffPost
1329:BBC News
1252:CBS News
672:28 April
666:NBC News
581:See also
243:Japanese
107:, Norway
2046:(raven)
2038:Douglas
2022:Orangey
2007:Lil Bub
1945:Trigger
1910:Bunting
1801:Thunder
1701:Madison
1656:Higgins
1498:(video)
1189:KOMO-TV
987:13 June
519:video,
350:Heimaey
268:Ontario
220:lesions
216:Ontario
167:Iceland
57:Species
45:name(s)
37:in 1998
2130:Portal
2094:Winter
2090:(orca)
1893:Horses
1884:Travis
1879:Rancho
1874:Pankun
1824:Cheeta
1766:Soccer
1761:Skippy
1721:Olivia
1711:Moonie
1686:Lassie
1308:
934:
729:
699:
562:(2010)
546:(1993)
538:(1990)
490:said:
401:Norway
272:Canada
189:Norway
137:.keiko
125:Weight
43:Other
2117:Frank
2111:Pocho
2088:Keiko
2044:Jimmy
2031:Birds
1981:Bruno
1959:Bears
1849:Manis
1839:Jiggs
1806:Uggie
1796:Terry
1791:Teddy
1781:Sykes
1771:Spike
1736:Peggy
1716:Moose
1706:Messi
1676:Koton
1651:Flame
1631:Darla
1626:Daisy
1621:Cosmo
1611:Buddy
1542:Keiko
1059:(PDF)
1048:(PDF)
707:Kago.
468:et al
456:et al
407:Death
239:Keiko
226:, an
165:near
148:Keiko
49:Siggi
22:Keiko
1995:Cats
1751:Shep
1671:Koko
1661:Jean
1646:Enzo
1616:Cook
1589:Dogs
1546:IMDb
1510:2013
1436:2017
1364:2017
1306:ISSN
1229:2017
1197:2016
1067:2016
989:2024
964:2022
932:ISBN
908:2022
882:2022
843:2022
806:2022
727:ISBN
697:ISBN
674:2024
648:2022
551:Azul
195:Life
159:orca
139:.com
92:Died
87:1976
81:Born
76:Male
62:Orca
51:Kago
2072:Tai
1726:Pal
1666:Jed
1544:at
1035:doi
774:CNN
393:VHF
358:UPS
352:in
296:in
230:in
214:in
135:www
73:Sex
2146::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
