572:. The early 19th-century kelpie that haunted the woods and shores of Loch Ness was tacked up with its own saddle and bridle. A fable attached to the notoriously nasty creature has the Highlander James MacGrigor taking it by surprise and cutting off its bridle, the source of its power and life, without which it would die within twenty-four hours. As the kelpie had the power of speech, it attempted unsuccessfully to bargain with MacGrigor for the return of its bridle. After following MacGrigor to his home, the kelpie asserted that MacGrigor would be unable to enter his house while in possession of the bridle, because of the presence of a cross above the entrance door. But MacGrigor outwitted the creature by tossing the bridle through a window, so the kelpie accepted its fate and left, cursing and swearing. The myth is perpetuated with further tales of the bridle as it is passed down through the family. Referred to as "Willox's Ball and Bridle", it had magical powers of healing; a spell was made by placing the items in water while chanting "In the name of the Father, the Son and of the Holy Ghost"; the water could then be used as a cure.
535:, and its strength could then be harnessed in tasks such as the transportation of heavy mill stones. One folk tale describes how the Laird of Morphie captured a kelpie and used it to carry stones to build his castle. Once the work was complete, the laird released the kelpie, which was evidently unhappy about its treatment. The curse it issued before leaving â "Sair back and sair banes/ Drivin' the Laird o' Morphies's stanes,/ The Laird o' Morphie'll never thrive/ As lang's the kelpy is alive" â (Sore back and sore bones/ Driving the Lord of Morphie's stones,/ The Lord of Morphie will never thrive/ As long as the kelpie is alive) was popularly believed to have resulted in the extinction of the laird's family. Some kelpies were said to be equipped with a bridle and sometimes a saddle, and appeared invitingly ready to ride, but if mounted they would run off and drown their riders. If the kelpie was already wearing a bridle,
316:, as "useful", "hurtful", or seeking "human companionship"; in some cases, kelpies take their victims into the water, devour them, and throw the entrails to the water's edge. In its equine form the kelpie is able to extend the length of its back to carry many riders together into the depths; a common theme in the tales is of several children clambering onto the creature's back while one remains on the shore. Usually a little boy, he then pets the horse but his hand sticks to its neck. In some variations the lad cuts off his fingers or hand to free himself; he survives but the other children are carried off and drowned, with only some of their entrails being found later. Such a creature said to inhabit Glen Keltney in
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464:(his bridle) while he sleeps. The kelpie immediately reverts to its equine form, and the girl takes it home to her father's farm, where it is put to work for a year. At the end of that time the girl rides the kelpie to consult a wise man, who tells her to return the silver necklace. The wise man then asks the kelpie, once again transformed into the handsome young man the girl had first met, whether if given the choice it would choose to be a kelpie or a mortal. The kelpie in turn asks the girl whether, if he were a man, she would agree to be his wife. She confirms that she would, after which the kelpie chooses to become a mortal man, and the pair are married.
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611:. Stories of malevolent water spirits served the practical purpose of keeping children away from perilous areas of water, and of warning adolescent women to be wary of attractive young strangers. The stories were also used to enforce moral standards, as they implied that the creatures took retribution for bad behaviour carried out on Sundays. The intervention of demons and spirits was possibly a way to rationalise the drowning of children and adults who had accidentally fallen into deep, fast flowing or turbulent water.
546:, a kelpie can be killed by being shot with a silver bullet, after which it is seen to consist of nothing more than "turf and a soft mass like jelly-fish" according to an account published by Spence. When a blacksmith's family were being frightened by the repeated appearances of a water kelpie at their summer cottage, the blacksmith managed to render it into a "heap of starch, or something like it" by penetrating the spirit's flanks with two sharp iron spears that had been heated in a fire.
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bridge stitching a pair of trousers. Believing it to be a kelpie, a passing local struck it on the head, causing it to revert to its equine form and scamper back to its lair in a nearby pond. Other accounts describe the kelpie when appearing in human form as a "rough, shaggy man who leaps behind a solitary rider, gripping and crushing him", or as tearing apart and devouring humans.
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The kelpie is the most common water spirit in
Scottish folklore, and the name is attributed to several different forms in narratives recorded throughout the country. The late 19th century saw the onset of an interest in transcribing folklore, and recorders were inconsistent in spelling and frequently
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gives a specific figure of nine children lost, of whom only the innards of one are recovered. The surviving boy is again saved by cutting off his finger, and the additional information is given that he had a Bible in his pocket. Gregorson
Campbell considers the creature responsible to have been a
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themselves into non-equine forms, and can take on the outward appearance of human figures, in which guise they may betray themselves by the presence of water weeds in their hair. Gregor described a kelpie adopting the guise of a wizened old man continually muttering to himself while sitting on a
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after becoming tired of travelling across the water in cockleshells. It was a magnificent piece of work resplendent with gold piers and posts, but sank into the water to become a treacherous area of quicksand after a grateful onlooker tried to bless the kelpies for their work. The same story is
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The kelpie is usually described as a powerful and beautiful black horse inhabiting the deep pools of rivers and streams of
Scotland, preying on any humans it encounters. One of the water-kelpie's common identifying characteristics is that its hooves are reversed as compared to those of a normal
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for instance claims that the kelpie's range may extend to lochs. Mackillop's dictionary reconciles the discrepancy, stating that the kelpie was "initially thought to inhabit ... streams, and later any body of water." But the distinction should stand, argues one annotator, who suggests that
102:. The origins of narratives about the creature are unclear, but the practical purposes of keeping children away from dangerous stretches of water and warning young women to be wary of handsome strangers has been noted in secondary literature.
71:. It is usually described as a grey or white horse-like creature, able to adopt human form. Some accounts state that the kelpie retains its hooves when appearing as a human, leading to its association with the Christian idea of
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tells of a lonely kelpie that transforms itself into a handsome young man to woo a pretty young girl it was determined to take for its wife. But the girl recognises the young man as a kelpie and removes his
689:'s 1913 oil on canvas. Folklorist Nicola Bown has suggested that painters such as Millie Dow and Draper deliberately ignored earlier accounts of the kelpie and reinvented it by altering its sex and nature.
471:. It tells of a "tall woman dressed in green", with a "withered, meagre countenance, ever distorted by a malignant scowl", who overpowered and drowned a man and a boy after she jumped out of a stream.
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Progeny resulting from a mating between a kelpie and a normal horse were impossible to drown, and could be recognised by their shorter than normal ears, a characteristic shared by the mythical
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might be achieved by removing it. A bridle taken from a kelpie was endowed with magical properties, and if brandished towards someone, was able to transform that person into a horse or pony.
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Commentators have disagreed over the kelpie's aquatic habitat. Folklorists who define kelpies as spirits living beside rivers, as distinguished from the Celtic lochside-dwelling water horse (
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River Demon, or River Horse ... is the Kelpy of the
Lowlands ... He frequents most Highland lakes and rivers; and one of his most memorable exploits performed on the banks of Loch Vennachar.
710:, they were built as monuments to Scotland's horse-powered industrial heritage. Construction was completed in October 2013 and the sculptures were opened for public access from April 2014.
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that can form over the surface of
Scottish lochs, giving the impression of a living form as they move across the water. Sir Walter Scott alludes to a similar explanation in his epic poem
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sketched the kelpie in 1895 as a melancholy dark-haired maiden balanced on a rock, a common depiction for artists of the period. Other depictions show kelpies as poolside maidens, as in
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in which Scott uses "River Demon" to denote a "kelpy". Scott may also have hinted at an alternative rational explanation by naming a treacherous area of
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in a "common practice of translating" are referred to as kelpies in
English accounts, and thus mistakenly attribute loch-dwelling habits to the latter.
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in the 6th century resulted in some folk stories and beliefs being recorded by scribes, usually
Christian monks, instead of being perpetuated by
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2006:
The Gaelic
Otherworld: Superstitions of the Highlands and the Islands and Witchcraft and Second Sight in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland
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Traditionally, kelpies in their human form are male. One of the few stories describing the creature in female form is set at Conon House in
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Kelpies have been portrayed in their various forms in art and literature, including two 30-metre-high (100 ft) steel sculptures in
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482:. Some accounts state that the kelpie retains its hooves even in human form, leading to its association with the Christian notion of
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Almost every sizeable
Scottish body of water has a kelpie story associated with it, but the most widely reported is the kelpie of
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A popular and more recent explanation for the Loch Ness monster among believers is that it belongs to a line of long-surviving
387:, adding that in her opinion "Kelpies, here and in a few other instances, is used in a loose sense to mean something like 'imps
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Almost every sizeable body of water in
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as the culprit and omits the embellishment of the young boy. The lad does cut his finger off when the event takes place in
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water horse rather than a kelpie, and the tale "obviously a pious fraud to keep children from wandering on Sundays".
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Creatures in the Mist: Little People, Wild Men and Spirit Beings around the World: A Study in Comparative Mythology
142:, meaning "heifer" or "colt". The first recorded use of the term to describe a mythological creature, then spelled
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with a wide variety of legendary creatures. Counterparts in some regions of Scotland include the shoopiltee and
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variation portrays the kelpie as a horse with a mane of serpents, whereas the resident equine spirit of the
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1914:(1788), "An Ode on the Popular Superstitions of the Highlands. Written by the late William Collins",
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Buchan, David; Olson, Ian A. (1997), "Walter Gregor (1825â97): A Life and Preliminary Bibliography",
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One of six kelpies in the globe fountain at Shuttle Row near to Blantyre, South Lanarkshire, Scotland
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observes that "the kelpie of Scottish folklore is a direct parallel of the bÀckahÀsten ". The
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According to Derek Gath Whitley (1911), the association with horses may have its roots in
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Charles Milton Smith has hypothesised that the kelpie myth might originate with the
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Kelpie myths usually describe a solitary creature, but a fairy story recorded by
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The Popular Superstitions and Festive Amusements of the Highlanders of Scotland
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The Celtic Breeze: Stories of the Otherworld from Scotland, Ireland, and Wales
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may be the earliest representations of a kelpie or kelpie-like creature.
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dating from the 6th to 9th centuries featuring what has been dubbed the
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379:(1888) with no mention of Voughas or Fuoah. Quoting the same narrative
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90:. The kelpie has counterparts across the world, such as the Germanic
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This article is about the folkloric creature. For the dog breed, see
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Gath Whitley, Derek (1911), "Cornish Serpent Divinity of the Sea",
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19:"Kelpies" redirects here. For the steel sculptures in Falkirk, see
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words, which could result in differing names for the same spirit.
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was white and could entice victims onto its back by singing.
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recorded by Folklore Society member and folklore collector
366:. The spirits had set about constructing a bridge over the
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are seen as similar creatures in other parts of the world.
214:. This distinction is not universally applied however; Sir
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914:(4 March 1933), "Mythical Beasts: in Scottish Folklore",
784:"'The Kelpies': Ancient myth in modern art | Art UK"
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When a kelpie appeared in its equine persona without any
147:
1811:
Bowman, Marion (2008), "Jennifer Westwood (1940â2008)",
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Black, George F. (1893), "Scottish Charms and Amulets",
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MacKillop, James (2004), "tarroo ushtey, theroo ushta",
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is considered to be a kelpie by 20th-century folklorist
2003:
Gregorson Campbell, John (2008) , Black, Ronald (ed.),
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MacKillop, James (2004), "kelpie, kelpy, waterkelpie",
154:, composed some time before 1759 and reproduced in the
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Superstitions of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland
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A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (up to 1700)
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Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
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Cessford, Craig (June 2005), Ragan, Elizabeth (ed.),
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Two 30-metre-high (100 ft) steel sculptures in
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63:), is a shape-shifting spirit inhabiting lochs in
2267:The Lore of Scotland: A Guide to Scottish Legends
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2189:The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore
2110:"Primitive beliefs in the north-east of Scotland"
1486:
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1841:Fairies in Nineteenth-Century Art and Literature
806:(online ed.), Oxford University Press, 2014
659:Pictish beast featured in a line drawing of the
16:Shape-shifting water spirit in Scottish folklore
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1794:"Scottish, Shetlandic and Germanic Water Tales"
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312:, a folklorist and one of the first members of
2264:Westwood, Jennifer; Kingshill, Sophia (2012),
1917:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
162:Kelpie hoall and Kelpie hooll are reported in
156:Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
30:. For the Dungeons & Dragons monster, see
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2300:
1973:Notes on the Folk Lore of North East Scotland
498:refers to such a Satanic association in his "
383:, author and folklorist, uses the descriptor
354:(1860) has a different perspective. Entitled
131:is uncertain, but it may be derived from the
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1310:(online ed.), Oxford University Press,
1203:(online ed.), Oxford University Press,
1008:(online ed.), Oxford University Press,
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2170:Our Spiritual Journey: The Language of Life
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165:A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue
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1965:(2nd ed.), James Ballantyne and Co.
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402:in Scottish Gaelic, similar to the Manx
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360:of the bridge of the fairies or kelpies
308:The creature's nature was described by
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2073:Folklore Of Scottish Lochs And Springs
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283:of Central America and the Australian
98:of Central America and the Australian
4698:List of beings referred to as fairies
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1906:, vol. II, Edmonston and Douglas
1788:
1776:
1582:
1576:
1510:
1118:
1046:
957:
635:Till from their foam his dazzled eyes
2899:
1895:, vol. I, Edmonston and Douglas
1838:
1708:
942:
633:He watched the wheeling eddies boil,
507:When thowes dissolve the snawy hoord
199:), include 19th-century minister of
2108:McPherson, Joseph McKenzie (1929),
1903:Popular Tales of the West Highlands
1892:Popular Tales of the West Highlands
1882:The Loch Ness Monster: The Evidence
1721:Brocklehurst, Steven (6 May 2014),
1714:
829:
511:Then, water-kelpies haunt the foord
476:arrival of Christianity in Scotland
351:Popular Tales of the West Highlands
13:
1641:from the original on 20 March 2017
1585:"Scots Word of the Season: Kelpie"
1196:"each uisce, each uisge, aughisky"
515:An' nighted trav'llers are allur'd
291:horse, a trait also shared by the
146:, appears in the manuscript of an
14:
4770:
2151:Rivers: A Very Short Introduction
1992:Gregorson Campbell, John (1900),
1723:"The man who created The Kelpies"
628:(1810), which contains the lines
358:, which is given the translation
181:Description and common attributes
4692:
4683:
4682:
2209:The Magic Arts in Celtic Britain
1900:Campbell, John Francis (1860a),
1306:A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
1201:A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
1004:A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
409:
356:Of the Drocht na Vougha or Fuoah
2328:Scottish mythology and folklore
2226:Stewart, William Grant (1823),
1889:Campbell, John Francis (1860),
1749:
1735:from the original on 9 May 2014
1691:from the original on 8 May 2014
1583:Scott, Maggie (November 2010),
1487:Westwood & Kingshill (2012)
1385:Westwood & Kingshill (2012)
1290:Westwood & Kingshill (2012)
872:Westwood & Kingshill (2012)
509:An' float the jinglin icy boord
175:
32:Kelpie (Dungeons & Dragons)
2212:, Courier Dover Publications,
2168:Milton Smith, Charles (2009),
2120:(3118), Longmans, Green: 175,
2062:The Glasgow School of Painting
2041:Lamont-Brown, Raymond (1996),
1843:, Cambridge University Press,
931:
776:
219:people are led astray when an
1:
1871:10.1080/0015587X.1997.9715949
765:
646:"Kelpie's Flow" in his novel
637:Beheld the River Demon rise:
115:, completed in October 2013.
4759:Scottish legendary creatures
2070:Mackinlay, James M. (1893),
1939:Dempster, Charlotte (1888),
968:(Note V to st. vii, p. 89),
961:The lady of the lake: a poem
770:
549:
444:Kelpies have the ability to
118:
7:
3702:Fairy-like beings worldwide
2186:Monaghan, Patricia (2009),
2154:, Oxford University Press,
1759:"Tales of the Water-Kelpie"
713:
261:. Parallels to the general
10:
4775:
2764:Classifications of fairies
2608:
2599:
2025:Loch Ness, Nessie & Me
1931:Popular Rhymes of Scotland
1681:National Museums Liverpool
939:An Encyclopedia of Fairies
598:
553:
226:Others associate the term
25:
18:
4673:
4602:
4535:
4390:
4294:
4178:
4171:
4105:
3956:
3830:
3754:
3707:
3696:
3419:
3173:
2905:
2894:
2863:
2770:
2761:
2703:
2695:
2683:
2675:
2659:
2647:
2639:
2617:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2449:
2437:
2429:
2417:
2408:
2400:
2388:
2380:
2364:
2352:
2343:
2335:
2323:
2023:Harmsworth, Tony (2010),
1959:Graham, Patrick (1812) ,
1825:10.1080/00155870802352293
1619:"Pictish Art and the Sea"
1242:Gregorson Campbell (1900)
1193:MacKillop, James (2004),
1143:Buchan & Olson (1997)
1035:Gregorson Campbell (2008)
899:Gregorson Campbell (1900)
804:Oxford English Dictionary
362:, it features a group of
206:and 20th-century writers
2246:Varner, Gary R. (2007),
2148:Middleton, Nick (2012),
2090:McNeil, Heather (2001),
2065:, George Bell & Sons
720:List of fictional horses
667:Artistic representations
246:; in other parts of the
3138:Dökkålfar and Ljósålfar
2206:Spence, Lewis (1999) ,
2192:, Infobase Publishing,
2172:, Dreamstairway Books,
2094:, Libraries Unlimited,
1981:Gregor, Walter (1883),
1970:Gregor, Walter (1881),
1799:The Contemporary Review
958:Scott, Walter (1884) ,
735:Hippocampus (mythology)
649:The Bride of Lammermoor
542:Just as with cinematic
250:they include the Welsh
204:John Gregorson Campbell
4610:Christmas gift-bringer
3023:Brown Man of the Muirs
2059:Martin, David (1902),
1962:Sketches of Perthshire
1685:Lady Lever Art Gallery
964:, Lippincott, p.
663:
640:
520:
517:To their destruction.
441:
426:
44:
3482:Nicnevin/Gyre-Carling
2988:Blue men of the Minch
2864:Abodes and structures
2493:Blue men of the Minch
1984:The Folk-Lore Journal
1942:The Folk-Lore Journal
1839:Bown, Nicola (2001),
1593:University of Glasgow
889:, pp. ix, xi, xv
698:Forth and Clyde Canal
658:
630:
607:performed in ancient
504:
432:
417:
322:Katharine Mary Briggs
123:The etymology of the
42:
3888:Hopkinsville Goblins
625:The Lady of the Lake
500:Address to the Devil
423:Herbert James Draper
314:the Folklore Society
275:have been observed;
81:Address to the Devil
4744:Horses in mythology
3609:Sprite/Water sprite
2778:Celtic sacred trees
2126:1929Natur.124Q.175.
1952:Records of the Past
1571:Milton Smith (2009)
1547:Gath Whitley (1911)
1414:, pp. 334â335.
1337:Lamont-Brown (1996)
937:Briggs, Katharine,
745:Neck (water spirit)
585:The Kelpie's Pearls
523:Capture and killing
486:, just as with the
377:The Kelpie's Bridge
4754:Scottish mythology
2933:Aos SĂ (Aes SĂdhe)
2676:Goblins/hobgoblins
1912:Carlyle, Alexander
1757:Anonymous (1887),
1501:, pp. 102â107
1387:, pp. 423â424
1363:, pp. 293â294
1280:, pp. 346â348
1244:, pp. 208â209
945:, pp. 177â178
664:
442:
427:
373:Charlotte Dempster
79:in his 1786 poem "
45:
4749:Nixies (folklore)
4719:Scottish folklore
4706:
4705:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4337:Headless Horseman
3878:Fearsome critters
3692:
3691:
2720:
2719:
2390:Loch Ness Monster
2277:978-1-4090-6171-7
2257:978-0-87586-545-4
2219:978-0-486-40447-9
2199:978-1-4381-1037-0
2179:978-1-907091-02-5
2161:978-0-19-958867-1
2101:978-1-56308-778-3
2083:978-0-7661-8333-9
2052:978-1-874744-58-0
2043:Scottish Folklore
2034:978-1-4563-8023-6
2016:978-1-84158-733-2
1998:, James MacLehose
1878:Campbell, Steuart
1850:978-0-521-79315-5
1535:Harmsworth (2010)
847:(online ed.)
683:Thomas Millie Dow
681:Victorian artist
556:Loch Ness Monster
513:By your direction
469:Ross and Cromarty
452:A folk tale from
438:Thomas Millie Dow
381:Jennifer Westwood
75:as alluded to by
69:Scottish folklore
28:Australian Kelpie
4766:
4696:
4695:
4686:
4685:
4679:
4382:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
4352:Jimmy Squarefoot
4176:
4175:
3903:Little green men
3698:
3697:
3664:Will-o'-the-wisp
3432:Margot the fairy
3381:Lady of the Lake
3331:Jenny Greenteeth
3326:Jack o' the bowl
3158:Queen of Elphame
2900:Attested fairies
2896:
2895:
2771:Related articles
2747:
2740:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2708:
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2441:
2422:
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2393:
2392:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2347:
2316:Celtic mythology
2309:
2302:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2270:, Random House,
2260:
2242:
2232:, A. Constable,
2222:
2202:
2182:
2164:
2144:
2134:10.1038/124175a0
2104:
2086:
2066:
2055:
2037:
2019:
1999:
1988:
1977:
1966:
1955:
1946:
1935:
1926:Chambers, Robert
1921:
1907:
1896:
1885:
1873:
1865:(1â2): 115â117,
1853:
1835:
1807:
1785:
1770:
1744:
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1606:
1604:
1595:, archived from
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1544:
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1532:
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1520:
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1508:
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1490:
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1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
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1442:
1436:
1430:
1427:Mackinlay (1893)
1424:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1375:, pp. 68â72
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1349:McPherson (1929)
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1309:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1254:Campbell (1860a)
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1230:Anonymous (1887)
1227:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1183:, p. lxxxvi
1178:
1172:
1169:Anonymous (1887)
1166:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1131:McPherson (1929)
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1095:McPherson (1929)
1092:
1083:
1077:
1062:
1059:Middleton (2012)
1056:
1050:
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1038:
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884:
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852:
833:
827:
821:
815:
814:
813:
811:
801:
794:
788:
787:
780:
740:Kappa (folklore)
605:horse sacrifices
390:
346:John F. Campbell
212:Katharine Briggs
4774:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4677:
4661:
4598:
4531:
4473:Enchanted Moura
4386:
4290:
4167:
4163:Yara-ma-yha-who
4101:
3952:
3826:
3750:
3703:
3688:
3452:Mooinjer veggey
3415:
3321:Jack-o'-lantern
3286:HeinzelmÀnnchen
3169:
2901:
2890:
2859:
2835:Household deity
2793:Fairy godmother
2766:
2757:
2751:
2721:
2716:
2691:
2671:
2655:
2635:
2450:Fairies/spirits
2445:
2425:
2396:
2376:
2360:
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2319:
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2283:
2278:
2258:
2240:
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2162:
2102:
2084:
2053:
2035:
2027:, Createspace,
2017:
1851:
1763:Celtic Magazine
1752:
1747:
1738:
1736:
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1611:
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1577:
1569:
1565:
1559:Campbell (2002)
1557:
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1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1445:
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1433:
1425:
1418:
1412:Chambers (1870)
1410:
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1391:
1383:
1379:
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1367:
1359:
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1343:
1335:
1331:
1322:
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1296:
1288:
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1276:
1272:
1266:Dempster (1888)
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1191:
1187:
1181:Campbell (1860)
1179:
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1148:
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887:Monaghan (2009)
885:
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834:
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593:The Water Horse
589:Dick King-Smith
558:
552:
525:
519:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
412:
388:
297:of Iceland. An
248:British Islands
183:
178:
152:William Collins
121:
57:Scottish Gaelic
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4772:
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4603:Cross-regional
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4423:Doñas de fuera
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4051:Mrenh kongveal
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3711:
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3684:Yan-gant-y-tan
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3281:The Hedley Kow
3278:
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3258:
3253:
3251:Gwragedd Annwn
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2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2865:
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2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2850:Tutelary deity
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2803:Fairy painting
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
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2693:
2692:
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2669:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2490:
2486:Biasd Bheulach
2481:
2472:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2261:
2256:
2243:
2238:
2223:
2218:
2203:
2198:
2183:
2178:
2165:
2160:
2145:
2105:
2100:
2087:
2082:
2067:
2056:
2051:
2038:
2033:
2020:
2015:
2000:
1989:
1978:
1976:, Elliot Stock
1967:
1956:
1954:, vol. 10
1947:
1945:, vol. VI
1936:
1922:
1908:
1897:
1886:
1874:
1854:
1849:
1836:
1819:(3): 346â348,
1808:
1786:
1774:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1713:
1701:
1663:
1651:
1623:The Heroic Age
1609:
1589:The Bottle Imp
1575:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1523:Stewart (1823)
1515:
1503:
1499:Stewart (1823)
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1416:
1404:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1316:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1209:
1185:
1173:
1158:
1146:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1084:
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1014:
989:
974:
947:
930:
903:
891:
876:
857:
828:
824:Carlyle (1788)
816:
799:"kelpie, n.1."
789:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
715:
712:
672:Pictish stones
668:
665:
631:
614:Historian and
600:
597:
554:Main article:
551:
548:
524:
521:
505:
411:
408:
277:Nick Middleton
182:
179:
177:
174:
120:
117:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4771:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4729:Shapeshifters
4727:
4725:
4724:Shapeshifting
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4699:
4691:
4689:
4681:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4620:Companions of
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4563:King Goldemar
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4372:Pictish Beast
4370:
4368:
4367:Morgan Le Fay
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3948:Yunwi Tsunsdi
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3863:Christmas elf
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3729:Little people
3727:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3699:
3695:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3679:Yallery Brown
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:Lazy Laurence
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3371:Klabautermann
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Iannic-ann-ĂŽd
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Nature spirit
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:Creatures in
2322:
2317:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2279:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2239:9780841479210
2235:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1987:, vol. 1
1986:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1920:, vol. I
1919:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1711:, p. 218
1710:
1705:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1660:
1659:Martin (1902)
1655:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1599:on 8 May 2014
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1573:, p. 44.
1572:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1549:, p. 147
1548:
1543:
1537:, p. 310
1536:
1531:
1525:, p. 102
1524:
1519:
1513:, p. 501
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1489:, p. 458
1488:
1483:
1476:
1475:Gregor (1881)
1471:
1464:
1463:Spence (1999)
1459:
1452:
1451:Varner (2007)
1447:
1440:
1439:Spence (1999)
1435:
1429:, p. 174
1428:
1423:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1401:
1400:Spence (1999)
1396:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1374:
1373:McNeil (2001)
1369:
1362:
1361:Gregor (1883)
1357:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1319:
1317:9780198609674
1313:
1308:
1307:
1298:
1292:, p. 356
1291:
1286:
1279:
1278:Bowman (2008)
1274:
1268:, p. 172
1267:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1238:
1232:, p. 512
1231:
1226:
1212:
1210:9780198609674
1206:
1202:
1197:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1171:, p. 513
1170:
1165:
1163:
1156:, p. 292
1155:
1154:Gregor (1883)
1150:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1121:, p. 200
1120:
1115:
1108:
1107:Gregor (1881)
1103:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1080:Varner (2007)
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1055:
1049:, p. 189
1048:
1043:
1037:, p. 320
1036:
1031:
1017:
1015:9780198609674
1011:
1006:
1005:
996:
994:
987:, p. 245
986:
985:Graham (1812)
981:
979:
971:
967:
963:
962:
954:
952:
944:
940:
934:
927:
923:
919:
918:
913:
907:
901:, p. 215
900:
895:
888:
883:
881:
874:, p. 364
873:
868:
866:
864:
862:
846:
842:
840:
832:
825:
820:
805:
800:
793:
785:
779:
775:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
717:
711:
709:
705:
704:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
679:
677:
676:Pictish Beast
673:
662:
657:
653:
651:
650:
645:
638:
629:
627:
626:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Mollie Hunter
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
557:
547:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
518:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:word of mouth
477:
472:
470:
465:
463:
460:
455:
450:
447:
439:
435:
431:
424:
420:
416:
410:Shapeshifting
407:
405:
404:tarroo ushtey
401:
397:
392:
386:
385:water kelpies
382:
378:
374:
369:
368:Dornoch Firth
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:
347:
342:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:Walter Gregor
306:
304:
300:
299:Aberdeenshire
296:
295:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
264:
260:
259:cabbyl-ushtey
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
198:
197:
191:
189:
173:
171:
170:Kirkcudbright
167:
166:
161:
158:of 1788. The
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
116:
114:
113:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
4594:WeiĂe Frauen
4590:Witte Wieven
4362:MenninkÀinen
4143:Patupaiarehe
4071:Hungry ghost
4056:Orang bunian
3974:Fallen angel
3918:Nordic alien
3654:Wicked fairy
3594:Sleih beggey
3401:Lubber fiend
3391:Leanan sĂdhe
3345:
3336:Joan the Wad
3301:Hobbididance
3261:Gwyn ap Nudd
2978:Bloody Bones
2948:Baobhan sith
2938:Arkan Sonney
2855:Water spirit
2840:Hungry grass
2808:Fairy riding
2583:
2468:Baobhan sith
2325:
2266:
2247:
2228:
2208:
2188:
2169:
2150:
2117:
2113:
2091:
2076:, W. Hodge,
2072:
2061:
2042:
2024:
2005:
1994:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1930:
1916:
1902:
1891:
1881:
1862:
1858:
1840:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1782:
1778:
1766:
1762:
1750:Bibliography
1737:, retrieved
1726:
1716:
1704:
1693:, retrieved
1675:
1661:, p. 12
1654:
1643:, retrieved
1626:
1622:
1612:
1601:, retrieved
1597:the original
1588:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1511:Black (1893)
1506:
1494:
1482:
1477:, p. 66
1470:
1465:, p. 95
1458:
1453:, p. 23
1446:
1441:, p. 19
1434:
1407:
1402:, p. 91
1380:
1368:
1356:
1351:, p. 62
1344:
1339:, p. 19
1332:
1321:, retrieved
1305:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1256:, p. 64
1249:
1237:
1225:
1214:, retrieved
1200:
1188:
1176:
1149:
1138:
1133:, p. 63
1126:
1119:Blind (1881)
1114:
1109:, p. 38
1102:
1097:, p. 61
1082:, p. 24
1061:, p. 44
1054:
1047:Blind (1881)
1042:
1030:
1019:, retrieved
1003:
969:
960:
941:, quoted in
938:
933:
917:The Scotsman
915:
906:
894:
849:, retrieved
844:
838:
831:
826:, p. 72
819:
808:, retrieved
803:
792:
778:
701:
691:
680:
670:
661:Maiden Stone
647:
641:
632:
623:
620:water spouts
613:
602:
592:
584:
574:
559:
541:
526:
506:
496:Robert Burns
473:
466:
451:
443:
433:
418:
403:
399:
393:
384:
376:
359:
355:
349:
343:
325:
307:
292:
289:
270:Scandinavian
227:
225:
220:
216:Walter Scott
208:Lewis Spence
194:
192:
184:
176:Folk beliefs
163:
143:
139:
135:
128:
122:
110:
104:
85:
77:Robert Burns
60:
53:water kelpie
52:
48:
46:
36:
4615:Santa Claus
4443:Hippocampus
4133:Muldjewangk
3999:Inari Ćkami
3649:Water horse
3634:Tylwyth Teg
3624:Tooth fairy
3517:Pillywiggin
3467:Moss people
3437:Meg Mullach
3341:Joint-eater
3226:Ghillie Dhu
3186:Fairy Queen
2968:Billy Blind
2923:Alp Luachra
2830:Genius loci
2756:in folklore
2589:Meg Mullach
2568:Ghillie Dhu
2045:, Birlinn,
2009:, Birlinn,
1790:Blind, Karl
1769:, Mackenzie
1709:Bown (2001)
1561:, p. 1
725:Water horse
703:The Kelpies
616:symbologist
609:Scandinavia
587:(1966) and
577:plesiosaurs
400:tarbh uisge
160:place names
112:The Kelpies
21:The Kelpies
4713:Categories
4647:Salamander
4347:Jack Frost
3984:Há» ly tinh
3979:Fox spirit
3883:Grey alien
3843:Anchimayen
3644:Water bull
3589:Shellycoat
3512:Peg Powler
3497:Nuckelavee
3472:Nain Rouge
3396:Leprechaun
3291:Hinzelmann
3196:Fear gorta
3191:Fear dearg
3163:SvartĂĄlfar
3123:Each-uisge
3083:Colt pixie
3073:Clurichaun
3063:Ceffyl DƔr
2963:Bean nighe
2886:Fairy ring
2881:Fairy path
2871:Fairy fort
2813:Fairy tale
2798:Fairy-lock
2783:Changeling
2631:Water bull
2601:Sea Mither
2541:Each-uisge
2525:Changeling
2477:Bean-nighe
2439:Nuckelavee
2250:, Algora,
1934:, Chambers
1676:The Kelpie
912:Spence, L.
766:References
750:Peg Powler
730:Nuckelavee
708:Andy Scott
570:River Ness
544:werewolves
502:" (1786):
434:The Kelpie
419:The Kelpie
396:water bull
375:simply as
326:each uisge
318:Perthshire
303:River Spey
252:ceffyl dƔr
221:each uisge
196:each-uisge
188:anglicised
61:Each-Uisge
4627:Elemental
4317:Black dog
4036:Korpokkur
3989:Huli jing
3933:Pukwudgie
3913:Nimerigar
3873:Encantado
3817:Tikoloshe
3797:Mami Wata
3777:Bultungin
3767:Asanbosam
3708:Worldwide
3669:Wirry-cow
3527:PĂșca/Pwca
3462:Morvarc'h
3351:Kilmoulis
3306:Hobgoblin
3246:Grindylow
3221:Gancanagh
3201:Fenodyree
3153:HuldufĂłlk
3093:Cyhyraeth
3043:Bugul Noz
2876:Fairyland
2559:Gancanagh
2419:Cailleach
2354:Gigelorum
1884:, Birlinn
1833:161378473
1806:, Strahan
1635:1526-1867
943:Bown 2001
926:489688325
837:"kelpie,
771:Citations
644:quicksand
562:Loch Ness
550:Loch Ness
446:transform
338:Highlands
273:bÀckahÀst
140:cailpeach
119:Etymology
88:Loch Ness
4688:Category
4678:See also
4657:Wild man
4558:Alberich
4428:Farfadet
4418:Dionysus
4408:Cercopes
4398:Basajaun
4391:Southern
4302:Aitvaras
4295:Northern
4281:Vodyanoy
4276:VĂąntoase
4266:Vadleany
4261:Ursitory
4256:SpiriduÈ
4251:SĂąnzianÄ
4211:Kikimora
4206:KarzeĆek
4158:Wandjina
4123:Menehune
4087:Yakshini
4041:Mazzikin
4031:Kijimuna
3969:Dokkaebi
3923:Nûñnë'hï
3868:Curupira
3858:Chaneque
3853:Canotila
3831:Americas
3724:Succubus
3715:Bogeyman
3604:Spriggan
3584:Seonaidh
3442:Melusine
3376:Korrigan
3266:Habetrot
3256:Gwyllion
3236:Glashtyn
3231:Glaistig
3211:Finvarra
3113:Dullahan
3078:Coblynau
3068:ClĂodhna
3053:Cat sĂŹth
3048:Caoineag
2958:Barghest
2825:Familiar
2696:Mermaids
2619:Seonaidh
2577:Glaistig
2518:Cat-sĂŹth
2509:Caoineag
2381:Cryptids
1928:(1870),
1880:(2002),
1859:Folklore
1813:Folklore
1792:(1881),
1733:archived
1728:BBC News
1689:archived
1639:archived
1629:(4): 3,
922:ProQuest
760:Vodyanoi
714:See also
700:, named
652:(1818).
595:(1990).
537:exorcism
462:necklace
268:and the
263:Germanic
254:and the
238:and the
236:Shetland
4739:Fairies
4652:Sandman
4580:Perchta
4575:Lorelei
4536:Western
4517:Thiasus
4502:Silenus
4453:Kobalos
4403:Centaur
4332:Haltija
4327:Gremlin
4246:Rusalka
4241:Psotnik
4236:Polevik
4231:Ovinnik
4196:Domovoy
4191:CÄpcÄun
4179:Eastern
4148:Taniwha
4106:Oceania
4004:Kitsune
3928:Pombero
3893:Ishigaq
3848:Caipora
3822:Yumboes
3802:Obayifo
3739:Mermaid
3734:Merfolk
3720:Incubus
3562:SkogsrÄ
3552:Radande
3542:BergsrÄ
3361:Knucker
3356:Knocker
3311:Hödekin
3276:Haltija
3241:Groac'h
3206:Finfolk
3148:Erlking
3143:Elegast
3108:Duergar
3058:CĂč SĂŹth
3038:Bugbear
3033:Buggane
3018:Brownie
3008:Boobrie
2998:Boggart
2983:Bluecap
2953:Banshee
2788:Elfshot
2754:Fairies
2685:Bauchan
2532:CĂč-sĂŹth
2401:Deities
2372:Boobrie
2345:Beithir
2142:4089570
2122:Bibcode
1772:Alt URL
696:on the
694:Falkirk
599:Origins
566:Columba
364:voughas
336:in the
144:kaelpie
107:Falkirk
94:, the
4637:Goblin
4585:Vittra
4548:Dusios
4522:Trenti
4512:Squasc
4458:Lamina
4438:Hecate
4322:Gabija
4307:Ajatar
4221:Lidérc
4186:Bannik
4172:Europe
4118:Manaia
4113:Bunyip
4083:Yaksha
4078:Tennin
4046:Mogwai
4009:Kumiho
3994:Huxian
3964:Diwata
3943:Trauco
3762:Abatwa
3755:Africa
3744:Merman
3639:Undine
3599:Sluagh
3579:Selkie
3574:Sebile
3569:Redcap
3547:Hulder
3507:Oberon
3502:Nuggle
3457:Morgen
3447:Merrow
3411:Ly Erg
3366:Kobold
3346:Kelpie
3181:Fachan
3118:Dunnie
3103:Duende
2993:Bodach
2928:Anjana
2918:Aibell
2913:Adhene
2712:Selkie
2660:Gnomes
2649:Fachan
2640:Giants
2610:Seelie
2594:Nuggle
2584:Kelpie
2500:Bodach
2459:Aos SĂ
2430:Demons
2336:Beasts
2318:series
2274:
2254:
2236:
2216:
2196:
2176:
2158:
2140:
2114:Nature
2098:
2080:
2049:
2031:
2013:
1847:
1831:
1645:12 May
1633:
1603:17 May
1323:17 May
1314:
1216:22 May
1207:
1012:
924:
851:6 July
755:Selkie
687:Draper
459:silver
440:, 1895
425:, 1913
334:Sunart
330:Thurso
285:bunyip
281:wihwin
244:Orkney
240:tangie
232:nuggle
228:kelpie
133:Gaelic
129:kelpie
100:bunyip
96:wihwin
49:kelpie
4642:Gnome
4632:Fates
4553:Dwarf
4507:Siren
4497:Satyr
4480:Nymph
4468:Mouro
4463:Mairu
4413:Circe
4377:Troll
4357:Lauma
4342:Hiisi
4271:VĂąlvÄ
4226:Likho
4216:Leshy
4153:Tipua
4138:Nawao
4128:Mimis
4097:YĆsei
4092:YĆkai
4066:Preta
4021:Irshi
4016:Hyang
3898:Jogah
3812:Simbi
3807:Rompo
3792:Kishi
3787:Jengu
3782:Eloko
3772:Aziza
3659:Wight
3619:Tomte
3614:Sylph
3557:SjörÄ
3522:Pixie
3492:Nixie
3487:Nisse
3406:Lutin
3216:Fuath
3098:Drude
3088:Crone
3028:Bucca
3003:Bogle
2973:BirĂłg
2943:Asrai
2705:Ceasg
2550:Fuath
2410:Beira
2365:Birds
2138:S2CID
1829:S2CID
1739:8 May
1695:5 May
1591:(8),
1021:6 May
810:4 May
533:cross
488:Greek
484:Satan
454:Barra
294:nykur
201:Tiree
136:calpa
127:word
125:Scots
92:nixie
73:Satan
65:Irish
51:, or
4527:Vila
4485:List
4433:Faun
4312:Badb
4286:ZĂąnÄ
4201:Iele
4061:Peri
4026:Jinn
3957:Asia
3938:Saci
3908:Muki
3838:Alux
3674:Xana
3629:Trow
3532:Puck
3427:Mare
3013:Brag
2818:List
2667:Pech
2626:Trow
2272:ISBN
2252:ISBN
2234:ISBN
2214:ISBN
2194:ISBN
2174:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2096:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2047:ISBN
2029:ISBN
2011:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1741:2014
1697:2014
1647:2017
1631:ISSN
1605:2014
1325:2014
1312:ISBN
1218:2014
1205:ISBN
1023:2014
1010:ISBN
853:2014
812:2014
529:tack
490:god
474:The
266:neck
256:Manx
210:and
67:and
4570:Imp
4492:Pan
3420:MâZ
3296:Hob
3271:Hag
3174:FâL
3133:Alp
3128:Elf
2906:AâE
2130:doi
2118:124
1867:doi
1863:108
1821:doi
1817:119
1767:XII
966:277
591:'s
583:'s
492:Pan
436:by
421:by
398:or
391:".
348:in
242:of
234:of
150:by
148:ode
138:or
83:".
4715::
3537:RĂ„
2136:,
2128:,
2116:,
2112:,
1861:,
1827:,
1815:,
1804:XL
1802:,
1796:,
1783:27
1781:,
1765:,
1761:,
1731:,
1725:,
1687:,
1683:,
1679:,
1666:^
1637:,
1625:,
1621:,
1587:,
1419:^
1392:^
1199:,
1161:^
1087:^
1066:^
992:^
977:^
950:^
920:,
879:^
860:^
843:,
802:,
494:.
406:.
172:.
109:,
59::
47:A
4592:/
4085:/
3722:/
2746:e
2739:t
2732:v
2308:e
2301:t
2294:v
2132::
2124::
1869::
1823::
1627:8
841:"
839:n
786:.
389:'
55:(
34:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
