64:
52:
129:
and
Kennecott had conducted flash converting pilot tests from 1985 at Outokumpu's research facility in Finland. With the introduction of strict new environmental regulations in the state of Utah, the smelter's maximum permissible sulfur emission was decreased to 1,082 short tons (982 t) per year
173:
26,317 cubic yards (20,121 m) of wood and 900 short tons (820 t) of steel were used in its construction. Construction commenced on August 26, 1974 and finished on
November 19, an 84-day concrete pour. It cost $ 16.3 million at the time to build, equivalent to $ 101 million in 2023.
157:, made from the formerly released gas. The acid recovery plant is designed to also recover waste heat from the process to produce electrical power. Approximately 24 MW of electrical power is generated, representing 70% of the smelter’s electrical requirements.
149:. They are cooled and cleaned in a waste-heat boiler, electrostatic precipitator and scrubbing system before being sent to the sulfuric acid plant. The acid plant produces either 94% or 98% sulfuric acid with tail gas containing typically 50–70
165:
The stack is 177 feet (54 m) in diameter at the bottom with 12-foot (3.7 m) walls, and rises directly from the ground. At the top it is 40 feet (12 m) in diameter and 12 inches (0.30 m) thick. A large
181:-built elevator that crawls up a gear track on the inside surface. It takes 20 minutes to ascend the stack, although workers only need to travel up to the 300-foot level each day, to service the air-sampling station.
117:
The
Garfield Smelter Stack was completed in 1974, replacing several earlier smokestacks, the tallest of which was 413 feet (126 m) high. The extra height was needed to meet the requirements of the
254:
515:
764:
692:
153:
sulfur dioxide, resulting in a measured sulfur fixation of greater than 99.9%. In 2006, the company produced and sold approximately 833,000 short tons (756,000 t) of
1002:
409:
Newman, C.J.; Collins, D.N.; Weddick, A.J. (1999). "Recent
Operation and Environmental Control in the Kennecott Smelter". In Diaz, C.; Landolt, C.; Utigard, T. (eds.).
138:
emissions from the stack were 161.5 lb/h (73 kg/h), below the permitted average annual level of 211 lb/h (96 kg/h) (with a three-hour permitted SO
632:
264:
222:
940:
804:
105:
at
Garfield, Utah. It is the 60th-tallest freestanding structure in the world, the 4th-tallest chimney, and the tallest man-made structure west of the
918:
774:
188:, the fourth tallest smokestack in the world and the fifty-ninth tallest free-standing structure on earth. It is approximately as tall as the
903:
567:
21:
522:
410:
1007:
377:
1022:
976:
784:
457:
1012:
423:
354:
201:
79:
315:
647:
193:
552:
981:
743:
667:
500:
824:
597:
557:
682:
814:
508:
286:
717:
642:
637:
971:
945:
924:
697:
961:
955:
876:
732:
677:
592:
587:
1017:
966:
897:
871:
834:
794:
754:
727:
722:
607:
602:
577:
913:
861:
850:
809:
779:
687:
652:
429:
950:
908:
342:
738:
712:
707:
572:
547:
119:
63:
934:
929:
881:
844:
839:
829:
799:
749:
702:
627:
582:
51:
8:
612:
125:
In response to new emissions limits and anticipated future state and federal standards,
886:
759:
562:
189:
150:
412:
Copper 99-Cobre 99: Smelting
Technology Development, Process Modeling and Fundamentals
55:
Kennecott Utah Copper's
Garfield Smelter Stack, Interstate 80 in foreground, with the
854:
662:
419:
350:
185:
106:
68:
56:
819:
789:
617:
217:
672:
98:
72:
657:
255:"Holy smokes: Kennecott smelter, Utah's tallest man-made structure, to turn 35"
146:
131:
530:
495:
184:
The
Garfield Smelter Stack is the tallest free-standing structure west of the
996:
891:
622:
205:
154:
94:
36:
23:
130:
from the earlier 18,574 short tons (16,850 t). In 1995 a new, cleaner
349:. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning, National Geographic Society. p. 478.
259:
67:
Aerial view of 1215-foot tall
Garfield Smelter Stack, the north end of the
866:
90:
341:
Pipkin, Bernard W.; Trent, Dee; Hazlett, Richard; Bierman, Paul (2013).
101:. It was built to disperse exhaust gases from the Kennecott Utah Copper
769:
418:. Warrendale, PA: Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society. p. 29.
167:
86:
531:
197:
126:
458:"Quick Facts about Kennecott Utah Copper's Garfield Smelter Stack"
535:
494:
A comparison with other large stacks of the world can be seen at
102:
178:
145:
The off-gases from the flash smelting furnace contain 35–40%
489:
378:"Sulfuric Acid Environmental Profile Life Cycle Assessment"
340:
208:. It is the only operating smelter chimney left in Utah.
170:
duct passes up the stack and carries gases to the top.
122:, to disperse waste gases according to new standards.
408:
223:
List of tallest freestanding structures in the world
322:. Copper Development Association Inc. February 1998
1003:Buildings and structures in Salt Lake County, Utah
316:"A Big Step for Copper Smelting: Flash Converting"
994:
134:was commissioned. By 2004, the annual average SO
516:
387:. Kennecott Utah Copper, LLC. 2006. p. 2
523:
509:
160:
142:limit of 552 lb/h (250 kg/h)).
62:
50:
452:
450:
248:
246:
244:
242:
240:
238:
995:
504:
404:
402:
252:
447:
235:
13:
977:Zaporizhzhia thermal power station
785:Pirdop copper smelter and refinery
399:
308:
85:is a 1,215-foot (370 m) high
14:
1034:
483:
253:Arave, Lynn (November 16, 2009).
287:"Sustainable Development Report"
648:Harrison Power Station Scrubber
343:"Mineral Resources and Society"
553:Azerbaijan Thermal Power Plant
370:
334:
279:
112:
16:Smokestack west of Magna, Utah
1:
1008:Chimneys in the United States
744:Marl-Chemiepark Power Station
668:Homer City Generating Station
296:. Rio Tinto. 2004. p. 44
228:
177:The top can be accessed by a
825:Robert W Scherer Power Plant
765:Novo-Angrenskaya Power Plant
693:Thermal power station Kakanj
598:Conemaugh Generating Station
7:
1023:1974 establishments in Utah
347:Geology and the Environment
211:
80:Kennecott Utah Copper LLC’s
10:
1039:
718:Kostromskaya Power Station
643:Harllee Branch Power Plant
638:Hal B. Wansley Power Plant
972:Widows Creek Fossil Plant
860:Chimney for Units F-H of
849:Chimney for Units B-E of
683:Jänschwalde Power Station
543:
1013:Towers completed in 1974
962:W. H. Sammis Power Plant
956:Westerholt Power Station
877:STEAG Power Plant Walsum
733:Lippendorf Power Station
678:Independence Power Plant
593:Clifty Creek Power Plant
588:Chvaletice Power Station
37:40.721563°N 112.198118°W
967:White Bluff Power Plant
898:Thierbach Power Station
872:STEAG Power Plant Herne
835:Romag-Termo Power Plant
795:Pleasants Power Station
755:Mountaineer Power Plant
728:Kyger Creek Power Plant
723:Kozienice Power Station
608:Cumberland Fossil Plant
603:Cuciurgan power station
578:Buschhaus Power Station
558:Bełchatów Power Station
538:(+300 meters in height)
161:Design and construction
925:Tušimice Power Station
914:Trbovlje Power Station
862:Scholven Power Station
851:Scholven Power Station
815:Prunéřov Power Station
810:Provence Power Station
780:Phoenix Copper Smelter
698:Kemerköy power station
688:Jaworzno Power Station
653:Harrison Power Station
132:flash smelting furnace
83:Garfield Smelter Stack
76:
60:
42:40.721563; -112.198118
713:Kirishi Power Station
708:Kingston Fossil Plant
633:Gusinoozyorskaya GRES
573:Boxberg Power Station
548:Armstrong Power Plant
490:Kennecott Utah Copper
465:Kennecott Utah Copper
294:Kennecott Utah Copper
202:Bank of America Tower
120:Clean Air Act of 1970
66:
54:
935:Vojany Power Station
930:Ugljevik Power Plant
921:(under construction)
882:Syrdarya Power Plant
845:Rybnik Power Station
840:Ryazan Power Station
830:Rockport Power Plant
800:Plomin Power Station
750:Mitchell Power Plant
735:(chimney dismantled)
703:Kennecott Smokestack
628:GRES-2 Power Station
583:Cardinal Power Plant
267:on December 20, 2009
951:Kawęczyn Heat Plant
909:Trepça Lead Smelter
613:Duvha Power Station
194:Bank of China Tower
33: /
894:(ceased operation)
887:Teruel Power Plant
760:Novaky Power Plant
77:
61:
990:
989:
855:electricity pylon
663:HKW Chemnitz-Nord
563:Berezovskaya GRES
186:Mississippi River
107:Mississippi River
69:Oquirrh Mountains
57:Oquirrh Mountains
1030:
941:Volzhskaya TEC-2
937:(height reduced)
820:Reftinskaya GRES
805:Primorskaya GRES
790:Plant Bowen Coal
618:Ekibastuz GRES-1
534:self-supporting
525:
518:
511:
502:
501:
477:
476:
474:
472:
462:
454:
445:
444:
442:
440:
435:on March 4, 2016
434:
428:. Archived from
417:
406:
397:
396:
394:
392:
382:
374:
368:
367:
365:
363:
338:
332:
331:
329:
327:
312:
306:
305:
303:
301:
291:
283:
277:
276:
274:
272:
263:. Archived from
250:
218:List of chimneys
48:
47:
45:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
30:
29:
26:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1027:
993:
992:
991:
986:
946:Vuhlehirska TES
739:Maritsa Iztok-3
673:Inco Superstack
539:
529:
486:
481:
480:
470:
468:
460:
456:
455:
448:
438:
436:
432:
426:
415:
407:
400:
390:
388:
380:
376:
375:
371:
361:
359:
357:
339:
335:
325:
323:
314:
313:
309:
299:
297:
289:
285:
284:
280:
270:
268:
251:
236:
231:
214:
190:Berlin TV Tower
163:
141:
137:
115:
99:Great Salt Lake
73:Great Salt Lake
41:
39:
35:
32:
27:
24:
22:
20:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1018:Towers in Utah
1015:
1010:
1005:
988:
987:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
953:
948:
943:
938:
932:
927:
922:
919:Troitskaya TEC
916:
911:
906:
901:
895:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
858:
853:(also used as
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
775:Permskaya GRES
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
736:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
658:Hayden Smelter
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
544:
541:
540:
528:
527:
520:
513:
505:
499:
498:
496:skyscraperpage
492:
485:
484:External links
482:
479:
478:
446:
424:
398:
369:
355:
333:
320:Outokumpu News
307:
278:
233:
232:
230:
227:
226:
225:
220:
213:
210:
162:
159:
147:sulfur dioxide
139:
135:
114:
111:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1035:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
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942:
939:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:Kharkiv TEC-5
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
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859:
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629:
626:
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623:Endesa Termic
621:
619:
616:
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611:
609:
606:
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591:
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425:9780873394406
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358:
356:9781133603986
352:
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207:
206:New York City
203:
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195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
175:
171:
169:
158:
156:
155:sulfuric acid
152:
148:
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128:
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110:
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100:
96:
95:Interstate 80
92:
88:
84:
81:
74:
70:
65:
58:
53:
49:
46:
958:(demolished)
900:(dismantled)
746:(dismantled)
471:November 16,
469:. Retrieved
464:
439:November 15,
437:. Retrieved
430:the original
411:
391:November 13,
389:. Retrieved
384:
372:
362:November 16,
360:. Retrieved
346:
336:
326:November 15,
324:. Retrieved
319:
310:
300:November 13,
298:. Retrieved
293:
281:
271:November 13,
269:. Retrieved
265:the original
260:Deseret News
258:
183:
176:
172:
164:
144:
124:
116:
93:, alongside
82:
78:
18:
982:Zuevska TES
904:Tobolsk TEC
867:Secunda CTL
568:Bishkek TEC
467:. Rio Tinto
113:Waste gases
91:Magna, Utah
40: /
28:112°11′53″W
997:Categories
770:Orot Rabin
229:References
168:fiberglass
87:smokestack
25:40°43′18″N
532:Supertall
385:Kennecott
200:, or the
198:Hong Kong
127:Outokumpu
97:near the
536:chimneys
212:See also
89:west of
71:and the
179:Swedish
103:smelter
422:
353:
192:, the
75:, 2016
59:behind
461:(PDF)
433:(PDF)
416:(PDF)
381:(PDF)
290:(PDF)
473:2015
441:2015
420:ISBN
393:2015
364:2015
351:ISBN
328:2015
302:2015
273:2015
204:in
196:in
151:ppm
999::
463:.
449:^
401:^
383:.
345:.
318:.
292:.
257:.
237:^
109:.
857:)
524:e
517:t
510:v
475:.
443:.
395:.
366:.
330:.
304:.
275:.
140:2
136:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
