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867:... Boulding enjoyed the congenial surroundings of Colgate University. He did not feel alienated from his colleagues and acquaintances, as he had in British academic circles. For the first two years, social and professional life was fulfilling. But from September 1939, the invasion of Poland and his home country's declaration of war on Germany caused increasing emotional distress and strong feelings of hate against the Germans. His Quaker convictions were shaken until he had a mystical experience in May 1940 which restored his faith in pacifism...
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charges over this difficult and dangerous terrain has had to choose between two unsatisfactory alternatives. He could devote all his time to formal lecturing about a subject that requires informal discussion and problems for its proper comprehension; or he could assign and discuss a hodgepodge of advanced books and articles in the hope, usually vain, that some fraction of the class would struggle through to a comprehension of some fraction of the material.
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Millikan concluded that
Boulding's work had filled the gap "neatly and effectively... material is organized by tools of analysis and the problems in the solution of which those tools are useful rather than in the conventional manner". In the preface Boulding had explained that the book was "intended
1086:
in 1962, the developing environmental movement drew attention to the relationship between economic growth and development and environmental degradation. Boulding in his influential 1966 essay "The
Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth" identified the need for the economic system to fit itself to
1046:
by that time, I think I had not really understood it. I am not quite sure that I do now. The second edition, however, in 1948, was a thoroughly
Keynesian general theory." The first edition was published at the outbreak of World War II and did not sell well, but the second revised edition did and
921:
The election of
Kenneth Boulding as president-elect of the AAAS continues the tradition of selecting an individual who is not only distinguished because of significant and fundamental contributions to a particular field of science but who also has the knowledge and vision to look at science as a
1025:
For some years there has been a yawning gap in the literature of economic theory between the very elementary text designed for beginning students and the clutter of specialized monographs and periodical articles accessible only to the fully trained economist. The teacher attempting to lead his
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of the general system, the global society in which we live, in all its dimensions spiritual and material. Boulding believed that in the absence of a committed effort to the right kind of social science research and understanding, the human species might well be doomed to extinction. But he was
31:
831:
of the constant changing balance sheet". Boulding (1989) explained that: "In the short run, the firm simply responded to changes in the balance sheet resulting from purchases. When customers purchased finished goods, inventory went down, cash went up, and the cash would be spent on labour and
819:
In those days
Boulding was actively involved in the Quaker community, writing a pamphlet on nonviolent methods in 1936 and drafting a letter for the Friends to the prime minister, asking Britain to disclaim the "war guilt" clauses in the Treaty of Versailles and move toward a more just peace.
954:, or Quakers. He took part in Quaker gatherings, served on committees, and spoke to and about the Friends. The two were members of meetings in Nashville, Ann Arbor, and Boulder. Although he usually stuttered, when he ministered at a Friends meeting, he spoke fluently.
988:
were not social sciences— rather, they were all aspects of a single social science devoted to the study of human persons and their relationships (organizations). Boulding spearheaded an evolutionary (instead of equilibrium) approach to economics.
992:
Boulding emphasized that human economic and other behavior is embedded in a larger interconnected system. To understand the results of our behavior, economic or otherwise, we must first research and develop a scientific understanding of the
1031:
as a text from which the student can learn and the teacher can teach the methods and results of economic analysis. It also seeks to be a contribution to the development and systematization of the body of economic analysis itself."
971:
in
Philadelphia to protest what he considered its distancing itself from Quakers. He penned the widely circulated "There is a Spirit", a series of sonnets he wrote in 1945 based on the last statement of the 17th century Quaker
1865:
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at the
University of Michigan in March, 1965. He later spoke on the steps of the Hatcher Graduate Library at the university and was pelted with snowballs by a group of disagreeing students.
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On a small university scholarship
Boulding spent another year at Oxford doing graduate work, which resulted in a thesis on capital movements. While he was turned down for a fellowship for
875:, which he had started in the free summer semesters at Colgate in the previous two years. This work would become a bestseller and earned him even more respect in the field of economics.
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materials to make more finished goods. This equilibrium balance sheet, however, would be constantly changing as technologies, new goods, and new enterprises came into play."
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778:. Two of those articles, "The Application of the Pure Theory of Population Change to the Theory of Capital", and "The Theory of a Single Investment", were published in
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movement. In his "Economic
Development as an Evolutionary System" (1961, 1964), Boulding suggests a parallel between economic development and biological evolution.
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In the summer of 1937 Boulding returned to the US to attend a world congress of
Quakers in Philadelphia. He obtained a faculty position in upstate New York at
764:
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Reprinted in Collected Papers of Kenneth Boulding: Vol. II: Economics. Ed. Fred R. Glahe. Boulder, CO: Colorado Associated University Press, 1971: 177–185.
910:
806:
Under the terms of his Commonwealth Fellowship Boulding returned to the UK in the summer of 1934, and obtained a three-year position in economics at the
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in economics in 1931. In his last year he wrote "The Place of the 'Displacement Cost' Concept in Economic Theory", which was accepted and published in
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in single-volume and two-volume editions. The book was augmented and republished in four editions, the last in 1966. In a 1942 book review,
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810:. Academic life at the university seemed very dead to him, and he made himself unpopular with a speech to students that was published in
788:'s reflection the next year. After returning to the UK for three years, Boulding settled in the U.S. He was granted citizenship in 1948.
1748:
Fontaine, Philippe (June 2010). "Stabilizing American Society: Kenneth Boulding and the Integration of the Social Sciences, 1943–1980".
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665:
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During this period Boulding learned about Paton's accounting theory and the principles of accounting. This theory made him view the
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774:('collapsed lung'). After recovery he spent the last six months of his Commonwealth Fellowship in Chicago, writing articles on
4318:
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On the fellowship from 1932 to 1934, Boulding continued his economics studies at Chicago and at Harvard University. Although
291:
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Boulding was widely recognized in academia as a prolific writer and an integrator of knowledge. For Boulding, economics and
926:
Boulding was nominated for the Nobel Prize at different times for both peace and economics. He was an elected member of the
4328:
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906:
800:
664:, the only child of William C. Boulding and Elizabeth Ann Boulding. His father was a gas fitter and a lay preacher in the
4348:
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917:, the Peace Research Society, and the Association for the Study of the Grants Economy. In 1978 Larry D. Singell stated:
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968:
780:
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552:
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197:
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published an article on his work, entitled "The theory of investment once more: Mr. Boulding and the Austrians," in
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1013:. It was written when he was an instructor at Colgate University in the late-1930s and first appeared in 1941 from
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became "one of the core textbooks used in college in the United States (and eventually around the world)."
951:
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A number of national and regional scholarly societies elected Boulding as their president, including the
843:. This brought Boulding at the age of 24 to prominence as a notable intellectual in the social sciences.
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Kenneth and Elise Boulding: The Quaker Foundations of their Contributions to the Social Sciences (Draft)
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pointed out that the book was published at the right time and the right place. According to Millikan:
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school in Nashville, Tennessee. From 1945 to 1949 he was a faculty member of Iowa State College, now
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652:
452:
346:
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1943:
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771:
763:, and wrote some of his own articles. At Chicago, he became friends with another graduate student,
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807:
673:
496:
386:
251:
177:
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676:, of whom his father was a great admirer. In his adolescent years Boulding became interested in
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611:, educator, peace activist, and interdisciplinary philosopher. Boulding was the author of two
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511:
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2134:. HarperCollins, 1989. Profiles of Edward Fredkin, Edward O. Wilson, and Kenneth Boulding.
1998:
Millikan, Max (November 1942). "Reviewed Work: Economic Analysis by Kenneth E. Boulding".
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8:
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Looking back in 1989, Boulding explained, that "the first edition fundamentally followed
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2015:
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Kenneth Boulding; A Voice Crying in the Wilderness (Great Thinkers in Economics series)
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with the headline, "Scottish University Sitting on Haunches for the last Fifty Years."
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encouraged him to focus on his PhD work, he studied with Schumpeter, took classes from
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863:. From 1937 to 1941 he taught economics there. Fontaine (2010) summarized his stay:
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2714:
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2007:
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Towards a New Economics: Critical Essays on Ecology, Distribution, and Other Themes
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Toward the Twenty-First Century: Political Economy, Social Systems, and World Peace
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Boulding's first major work in economics was his introductory textbook, entitled
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Three Scientists and Their Gods: Looking for Meaning in an Age of Information
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The Organizational Revolution: A Study in the Ethics of Economic Organization
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Economic Thought Since Keynes: A History and Dictionary of Major Economists
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Boulding published some thirty books and more than eight hundred articles.
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2124:. UMI: Ann Arbor. (1993 PhD dissertation: UMI Publication Number 9412524).
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Humanity's economic system viewed as a subsystem of the global environment
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In a state of spiritual crisis Boulding managed to finish his textbook,
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2019:
2111:"The theory of investment once more: Mr. Boulding and the Austrians."
967:
In March 1977, he conducted a silent vigil at the headquarters of the
30:
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628:
608:
159:
55:
2011:
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707:, and Maurice Allen (1908–1988), who would become a director of the
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1966, "The Economics of Knowledge and the Knowledge of Economics".
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whole and accordingly to represent the entire scientific community.
677:
481:
2192:
2153:"Kenneth Boulding, an Economist, Philosopher and Poet, Dies at 83"
1983:
American Psychological Association, EBSCO Publishing (Firm). p.477
1808:"Kenneth Boulding, an Economist, Philosopher and Poet, Dies at 83"
1406:
Boulding, Kenneth E. "National images and international systems",
1247:
A Primer on Social Dynamics: History as Dialectics and Development
607:; January 18, 1910 – March 18, 1993) was an English-born American
681:
4409:
Presidents of the International Society for the Systems Sciences
1289:
Sonnets from the Interior Life, and Other Autobiographical Verse
2231:
1380:
The Structure of a Modern Economy: the United States, 1929–1989
1282:
International Systems: Peace, Conflict Resolution, and Politics
998:
optimistic, believing our evolutionary journey had just begun.
2121:
Educational Implications of the Philosophy of Kenneth Boulding
2171:
An overview of Boulding's major contributions by David Latzko
1563:
Ross B. Emmett (ed.), "BOULDING, Kenneth Ewart (1910–1993),"
4354:
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences fellows
2099:"Kenneth Ewart Boulding: January 18, 1910 – March 18, 1993"
2088:. "Kenneth Boulding: A founder of evolutionary economics."
1331:
A Preface to Grants Economics: The Economy of Love and Fear
1317:
Beasts, Ballads, and Bouldingisms: A Collection of Writings
1268:
The Economy of Love and Fear: A Preface to Grants Economics
1087:
the ecological system with its limited pools of resources.
599:
587:
4364:
Distinguished fellows of the American Economic Association
1198:
The Meaning of the Twentieth Century: the Great Transition
957:
Kenneth Boulding was instrumental in organizing the first
691:
on a scholarship, Boulding won a chemistry scholarship to
3036:
International Society for the Systems Sciences Presidents
1535:." National Academy of Sciences: Biographical Memoirs at
1533:
Kenneth Ewart Boulding: January 18, 1910 – March 18, 1993
1219:
Beyond Economics: Essays on Society, Religion, and Ethics
668:, and his mother was a housewife. Boulding's middle name
627:
and founder of numerous ongoing intellectual projects in
596:
2101:. National Academy of Sciences: Biographical Memoirs at
2042:(4th ed.). New York: Harper & Row. p. xix
1403:
2.3 (1956): 197–208; Online at panarchy.org, 2000–2017.
890:, and from 1949 to 1967 he was a faculty member of the
1359:
Mending the World: Quaker Insights on the Social Order
1125:
A Peace Study Outline: The Practice of the Love of God
740:, in 1932 he did win a Commonwealth Fellowship to the
4244:
3075:
1913:
Boulding, J Russell; Scott, Robert H (October 2017).
1720:
Beaud, Michel; Dostaler, Gilles (27 September 2005).
1424:
Boulding, Kenneth E. "Economics as a moral science",
827:
as "governed by a principle that might be called the
1706:"Kenneth E. Boulding, President-Elect of the AAAS."
593:
590:
584:
4419:
Presidents of the International Studies Association
4379:
People associated with criticism of economic growth
911:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
581:
770:His studies with Schumpeter were interrupted by a
744:. En route he became "quite well acquainted" with
1419:Environmental Quality Issues in a Growing Economy
4280:
2054:
1743:
1741:
1397:"General systems theory—the skeleton of science"
4389:Presidents of the American Economic Association
3408:Presidents of the American Economic Association
1565:Biographical Dictionary of American Economists,
1431:Boulding, Kenneth E. "Evolutionary economics",
1303:Ecodynamics: A New Theory of Societal Evolution
941:
404:International Society for Ecological Economics
4414:Members of the American Philosophical Society
3392:
3061:
2857:
2208:
2150:
1912:
1738:
1719:
1415:"The economics of the coming spaceship earth"
1263:, Colorado Associated University Press, 1973.
1256:, Colorado Associated University Press, 1971.
553:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1630:The Origins of Modern Environmental Thought.
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1519:at personal.psu.edu. Accessed 24 April 2009.
1127:, Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Book Committee
1070:The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth,
228:
4404:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
2178:The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth
1699:
1697:
1695:
1624:
1622:
1057:Kenneth Boulding's evolutionary perspective
107:Kenneth Boulding's evolutionary perspective
3399:
3385:
3068:
3054:
2864:
2850:
2215:
2201:
2036:Economic Analysis; Volume I Microeconomics
1993:
1991:
1989:
1799:
1559:
1557:
1551:Europa Publications Limited. 1974, p. 198.
1472:
1470:
1001:
898:, where he remained until his retirement.
835:In 1935, in his second year in Edinburgh,
791:
560:
546:
29:
1785:International Peace Research Association.
1678:
1676:
1635:
1570:
1050:
2145:Kenneth Ewart Boulding Papers: 1880–1968
2032:
1997:
1747:
1692:
1619:
1591:
1476:
1164:The Image: Knowledge in Life and Society
850:
795:
725:
651:
617:The Image: Knowledge in Life and Society
432:The Entropy Law and the Economic Process
1986:
1846:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1554:
1467:
1340:, Colorado Associated University Press.
1291:, Colorado Associated University Press.
1284:, Colorado Associated University Press.
1277:, Colorado Associated University Press.
1214:, Vol. 56, No. 1/2, March 1, 1966: 1–13
894:. In 1967 he joined the faculty of the
719:after extensive comments by its editor
711:in the late 1960s. Boulding obtained a
4339:English emigrants to the United States
4281:
1956:
1673:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1189:Conflict and Defence: A General Theory
878:From 1942 to 1943, Boulding taught at
621:Conflict and Defense: A General Theory
16:British-American economist (1910–1993)
3380:
3049:
2845:
2196:
2184:Works by or about Kenneth E. Boulding
2062:Understanding Sustainable Development
1805:
1646:
1141:There is a Spirit: The Nayler Sonnets
928:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
292:Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare
2873:Society for General Systems Research
2824:
1386:
907:Society for General Systems Research
784:in 1934–1935, and were the topic of
2766:Systems theory in political science
2222:
1504:
1483:. Newbury Park: SAGE Publications.
846:
13:
4359:Christian Peace Conference members
2113:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
2079:
2064:(Second ed.). Routledge., pp. 6–16
1628:Joseph Edward De Steiguer (2006).
1567:London: Thoemmes, 2006, pp. 73–79.
1042:. Even though I had read Keynes's
969:American Friends Service Committee
841:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
781:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
701:Philosophy, Politics and Economics
312:Sustainability, 'weak' vs 'strong'
194:The University of the West Indies
14:
4430:
2138:
1594:"A Bibliographical Autobiography"
1205:The Impact of the Social Sciences
915:International Studies Association
896:University of Colorado at Boulder
198:University of Colorado at Boulder
4299:20th-century American economists
4266:
4254:
2823:
2811:
2800:
2799:
1783:"Kenneth E. Boulding 1910-1993."
1221:, (University of Michigan Press)
1061:Boulding was an exponent of the
699:in 1929. He soon transferred to
660:Boulding was born and raised in
635:. He was married to sociologist
577:
4334:20th-century British economists
2151:Nasar, Sylvia (20 March 1993).
2067:
2026:
1979:Edwin Garrigues Boring (1991).
1973:
1950:
1906:
1882:
1858:
1834:
1788:
1776:
1713:
1275:Toward a General Social Science
1166:, University of Michigan Press.
1090:
425:Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt
267:Ecological model of competition
4399:University of Michigan faculty
2756:Systems theory in anthropology
1651:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
1604:(171): 365–393. Archived from
1542:
1522:
1408:Journal of Conflict Resolution
1391:Some of his most cited works:
950:, was an active member of the
934:(1960), and the United States
932:American Philosophical Society
647:
1:
4314:Alumni of New College, Oxford
2761:Systems theory in archaeology
2147:at Bentley Historical Library
1806:Nasar, Sylvia (20 May 1993).
1710:200 (21 April 1978): 289–290.
1461:
1178:Principles of Economic Policy
1149:A Reconstruction of Economics
1076:Following the publication of
903:American Economic Association
623:(1962). He was co-founder of
4319:American Christian pacifists
2033:Boulding, Kenneth E (1966).
1549:The International Who's Who,
1517:Kenneth E. Boulding Comments
1477:Boulding, Kenneth E (1990).
1426:The American Economic Review
1298:, University of Texas Press.
1224:1969, "The Grants Economy",
952:Religious Society of Friends
942:Religious Society of Friends
936:National Academy of Sciences
703:. His economics tutors were
682:Religious Society of Friends
642:
7:
4329:British Christian pacifists
1957:Liggio, Leonard P. (1967).
1439:
1361:, Pendle Hill Publications.
1352:The World as a Total System
1171:The Skills of the Economist
689:Liverpool Collegiate School
10:
4435:
4349:British systems scientists
2090:Journal of Economic Issues
1724:. Routledge. p. 183.
1433:Journal of Business Ethics
1207:, Rutgers University Press
1173:, Cleveland: Howard Allen.
1143:, Fellowship Publications.
1054:
4087:
3920:
3759:
3672:Oliver M. W. Sprague
3598:
3461:
3414:
3084:
3032:
2880:
2795:
2774:
2748:
2460:
2393:
2345:
2336:
2300:
2257:Coupled human–environment
2230:
2000:Journal of Farm Economics
1762:10.1017/S0269889710000050
1451:Loss of Strength Gradient
1113:, Harper & Brothers;
855:Colgate University campus
666:Wesleyan Methodist Church
656:Seymour Street, Liverpool
453:Prosperity Without Growth
347:Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
262:Ecological market failure
203:
173:
155:
148:
135:
120:
115:Loss-of-strength gradient
100:
90:
82:
63:
37:
28:
21:
4374:Environmental economists
4309:Academics from Liverpool
1842:"Kenneth Ewart Boulding"
1687:The Science of Synthesis
1212:American Economic Review
1159:, Harper & Brothers.
1115:3rd single edition, 1955
1098:
946:Boulding, with his wife
772:spontaneous pneumothorax
3988:Charles P. Kindleberger
3726:Emanuel A. Goldenweiser
2590:Charles A. S. Hall
2092:28.4 (1994): 1201–1204.
1981:Contemporary Psychology
1657:10.1057/9781137034380_6
979:
808:University of Edinburgh
801:University of Edinburgh
792:University of Edinburgh
674:William Ewart Gladstone
497:Environmental economics
252:Carbon fee and dividend
178:University of Edinburgh
3893:John Kenneth Galbraith
3077:John Bates Clark Medal
2510:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
2176:Boulding's 1966 essay
2060:Blewitt, John (2015).
1647:Scott, Robert (2015).
1592:Boulding, K E (1989).
1539:. Accessed 50-05-2017.
1324:Evolutionary Economics
1242:, (McGraw-Hill, 1970).
1240:Economics as a Science
1180:, Prentice-Hall, 1958.
1133:The Economics of Peace
1063:evolutionary economics
1051:Evolutionary economics
1028:
924:
892:University of Michigan
869:
856:
803:
733:
657:
625:general systems theory
573:Kenneth Ewart Boulding
233:
190:University of Michigan
168:Evolutionary economics
140:John Bates Clark Medal
127:(m. 1941; 5 children;
42:Kenneth Ewart Boulding
4369:Ecological economists
3137:Hendrik S. Houthakker
2787:Principia Cybernetica
2500:Anthony Stafford Beer
2370:Sociotechnical system
1890:"Kenneth E. Boulding"
1435:2 (2):160–162 (1983).
1413:Boulding, Kenneth E.
1395:Boulding, Kenneth E.
1249:, (Free Press, 1970).
1119:4th ed. part II, 1966
1023:
1015:Harper & Brothers
919:
888:Iowa State University
865:
854:
799:
742:University of Chicago
738:Christ Church, Oxford
731:University of Chicago
729:
717:The Economic Journal,
655:
357:E. F. Schumacher
232:
186:Iowa State University
104:Boulding's Hierarchy
4304:20th-century Quakers
3946:Tjalling C. Koopmans
3559:Herbert J. Davenport
3469:Edwin R. A. Seligman
2650:Mihajlo D. Mesarovic
2625:Edward Norton Lorenz
2580:Jay Wright Forrester
2385:World-systems theory
2360:Earth system science
1959:"Vietnam: Teach-Ins"
1870:search.amphilsoc.org
1866:"APS Member History"
1598:PSL Quarterly Review
1480:Three Faces of Power
1410:3.2 (1959): 120–131.
1366:Three Faces of Power
1333:. New York: Praeger.
1319:, Transaction Books.
1226:Michigan Academician
1193:, Harper & Bros.
913:(AAAS) in 1980, the
512:Planetary boundaries
460:Ecological Economics
439:The Limits to Growth
307:Steady-state economy
222:Ecological economics
4384:People from Everton
4161:Christopher A. Sims
4060:Arnold C. Harberger
4024:Thomas C. Schelling
3982:Charles L. Schultze
3869:Kenneth E. Boulding
3821:Theodore W. Schultz
3227:Lawrence H. Summers
3209:Sanford J. Grossman
3179:Martin S. Feldstein
3095:Kenneth E. Boulding
2525:Kenneth E. Boulding
2115:50.1 (1935): 36–67.
1200:, Harper & Row.
765:Albert Gailord Hart
721:John Maynard Keynes
522:Sustainable finance
377:Richard B. Norgaard
372:Joan Martinez Alier
352:Kenneth E. Boulding
144:33 honorary degrees
3875:William J. Fellner
3851:Joseph J. Spengler
3839:Gottfried Haberler
3809:George W. Stocking
3803:Morris A. Copeland
3690:Frederick C. Mills
3630:Matthew B. Hammond
3583:Wesley C. Mitchell
3565:Jacob H. Hollander
3185:Joseph E. Stiglitz
3167:Franklin M. Fisher
2969:Heinz von Foerster
2951:James Grier Miller
2927:Lawrence Slobodkin
2891:Charles McClelland
2655:James Grier Miller
2610:Faina M. Kirillova
2570:Heinz von Foerster
2560:Edsger W. Dijkstra
2520:Alexander Bogdanov
2505:Richard E. Bellman
2480:William Ross Ashby
2157:The New York Times
1813:The New York Times
1750:Science in Context
1428:59.1 (1969): 1–12.
1401:Management Science
1003:Economic Analysis,
884:historically black
861:Colgate University
857:
804:
734:
705:Henry Phelps Brown
662:Liverpool, England
658:
446:Small Is Beautiful
272:Ecosystem services
234:
182:Colgate University
4242:
4241:
4197:Olivier Blanchard
4185:Robert J. Shiller
4155:Orley Ashenfelter
4131:Thomas J. Sargent
4078:Dale W. Jorgenson
4012:Joseph A. Pechman
3964:William J. Baumol
3934:Lawrence R. Klein
3928:Franco Modigliani
3845:George J. Stigler
3827:Paul A. Samuelson
3738:Joseph Schumpeter
3648:William Z. Ripley
3642:George E. Barnett
3606:Edwin W. Kemmerer
3529:Walter F. Willcox
3481:Jeremiah W. Jenks
3428:Charles F. Dunbar
3422:Francis A. Walker
3374:
3373:
3191:A. Michael Spence
3161:Dale W. Jorgenson
3155:Marc Leon Nerlove
3125:Lawrence R. Klein
3089:Paul A. Samuelson
3043:
3042:
3023:Russell L. Ackoff
2839:
2838:
2720:Manuela M. Veloso
2635:Humberto Maturana
2575:Stephanie Forrest
2545:C. West Churchman
2470:Russell L. Ackoff
2456:
2455:
2328:Positive feedback
2323:Negative feedback
1894:www.nasonline.org
1795:"AAAS Presidents.
1704:Singell, Larry D.
1666:978-1-349-44178-5
1446:Holism in science
1387:Selected articles
1261:Political Economy
1111:Economic Analysis
1040:Treatise on Money
1011:Economic Analysis
905:in 1968–69, the
873:Economic Analysis
746:Joseph Schumpeter
693:Oxford University
637:Elise M. Boulding
613:citation classics
570:
569:
337:Serhiy Podolynsky
317:Uneconomic growth
287:Entropy pessimism
282:Energy accounting
257:Carrying capacity
207:
206:
150:Scientific career
125:Elise M. Boulding
95:Oxford University
86:British, American
75:Boulder, Colorado
4426:
4324:American Quakers
4271:
4270:
4269:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4250:
4173:William Nordhaus
4113:Martin Feldstein
4101:Robert Lucas Jr.
3958:Moses Abramovitz
3905:Walter W. Heller
3899:Kenneth J. Arrow
3881:Wassily Leontief
3779:Calvin B. Hoover
3767:John H. Williams
3666:Alvin S. Johnson
3636:Ernest L. Bogart
3553:Henry B. Gardner
3535:Thomas N. Carver
3446:Arthur T. Hadley
3401:
3394:
3387:
3378:
3377:
3305:Matthew Gentzkow
3203:Jerry A. Hausman
3197:James J. Heckman
3119:Kenneth J. Arrow
3070:
3063:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3005:John N. Warfield
2975:Geoffrey Vickers
2885:Kenneth Boulding
2866:
2859:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2827:
2826:
2815:
2803:
2802:
2715:Francisco Varela
2447:Systems thinking
2380:Urban metabolism
2343:
2342:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2188:Internet Archive
2167:
2165:
2163:
2118:Tandy, Charles.
2109:Knight, Frank H.
2074:
2071:
2065:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2030:
2024:
2023:
1995:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1803:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1717:
1711:
1701:
1690:
1680:
1671:
1670:
1644:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1589:
1568:
1561:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1526:
1520:
1513:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1474:
1345:Human Betterment
1136:, Prentice Hall.
847:US academic life
687:After attending
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
562:
555:
548:
209:
208:
129:William Boulding
70:
51:
49:
33:
19:
18:
4434:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4344:British Quakers
4279:
4278:
4277:
4273:Systems science
4267:
4265:
4255:
4253:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4221:Christina Romer
4119:Daniel McFadden
4083:
4072:D. Gale Johnson
4066:Robert W. Fogel
4054:Anne O. Krueger
4048:Victor R. Fuchs
4030:William Vickrey
3994:Alice M. Rivlin
3976:W. Arthur Lewis
3952:Robert M. Solow
3916:
3911:R. Aaron Gordon
3863:Milton Friedman
3833:Edward S. Mason
3815:Arthur F. Burns
3773:Harold A. Innis
3755:
3744:Howard S. Ellis
3720:I. Leo Sharfman
3714:Joseph S. Davis
3708:Albert B. Wolfe
3702:Edwin G. Nourse
3696:Sumner Slichter
3654:Harry A. Millis
3612:Thomas S. Adams
3594:
3571:Henry R. Seager
3541:John R. Commons
3511:Frank A. Fetter
3505:Henry W. Farnam
3499:Edmund J. James
3487:Simon N. Patten
3457:
3410:
3405:
3375:
3370:
3293:Amy Finkelstein
3245:Andrei Shleifer
3239:Kevin M. Murphy
3221:Paul R. Krugman
3173:Daniel McFadden
3131:Robert M. Solow
3101:Milton Friedman
3080:
3074:
3044:
3039:
3028:
3017:Peter Checkland
2981:Richard Ericson
2963:Kjell Samuelson
2903:Anatol Rapaport
2876:
2870:
2840:
2835:
2791:
2770:
2744:
2685:Anatol Rapoport
2670:Talcott Parsons
2645:Donella Meadows
2620:Allenna Leonard
2540:Mary Cartwright
2535:Kathleen Carley
2495:Gregory Bateson
2490:Béla H. Bánáthy
2452:
2389:
2338:
2332:
2318:Limiting factor
2313:Leverage points
2296:
2234:
2226:
2224:Systems science
2221:
2161:
2159:
2141:
2082:
2080:Further reading
2077:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2012:10.2307/1232018
1996:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1955:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1883:
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1872:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1848:
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1793:
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1590:
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1562:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1475:
1468:
1464:
1456:Spaceship Earth
1442:
1389:
1375:, Edward Elgar.
1326:, London: Sage.
1101:
1093:
1074:
1059:
1053:
1007:
982:
944:
880:Fisk University
849:
837:Frank H. Knight
794:
786:Frank H. Knight
709:Bank of England
680:and joined the
650:
645:
580:
576:
566:
537:
536:
532:Thermoeconomics
477:
476:
467:
466:
419:
418:
409:
408:
382:Robert Costanza
342:Frederick Soddy
332:
331:
322:
321:
302:Spaceship Earth
297:Natural capital
277:Embodied energy
247:
246:
237:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
166:
162:
143:
113:
111:Spaceship Earth
109:
105:
91:Alma mater
78:
72:
68:
59:
53:
52:18 January 1910
47:
45:
44:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4432:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:Quaker writers
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4276:
4275:
4263:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4179:Richard Thaler
4176:
4170:
4167:Claudia Goldin
4164:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4125:George Akerlof
4122:
4116:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4075:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
4000:Gary S. Becker
3997:
3991:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3970:Gardner Ackley
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3940:Jacob Marschak
3937:
3931:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3797:Edwin E. Witte
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3618:Fred M. Taylor
3615:
3609:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3589:Allyn A. Young
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3502:
3496:
3493:Davis R. Dewey
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3452:Richard T. Ely
3449:
3443:
3440:Henry C. Adams
3437:
3431:
3425:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3365:Philipp Strack
3362:
3359:Gabriel Zucman
3356:
3350:
3347:Isaiah Andrews
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3323:Dave Donaldson
3320:
3317:Yuliy Sannikov
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3287:Jonathan Levin
3284:
3278:
3272:
3269:Susan C. Athey
3266:
3263:Daron Acemoglu
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3215:David M. Kreps
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3149:Gary S. Becker
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3011:John A. Dillon
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2821:
2809:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2740:Anthony Wilden
2737:
2735:Jennifer Wilby
2732:
2730:Norbert Wiener
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:Claude Shannon
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2675:Ilya Prigogine
2672:
2667:
2665:Howard T. Odum
2662:
2660:Radhika Nagpal
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:Niklas Luhmann
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2555:George Dantzig
2552:
2550:Manfred Clynes
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2515:Margaret Boden
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2475:Victor Aladjev
2472:
2466:
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2458:
2457:
2454:
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2405:
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2394:
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2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2365:Living systems
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Control theory
2346:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
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2205:
2197:
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2190:
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2173:
2168:
2148:
2140:
2139:External links
2137:
2136:
2135:
2128:Wright, Robert
2125:
2116:
2106:
2093:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2066:
2053:
2025:
2006:(4): 916–918.
1985:
1972:
1963:Left and Right
1949:
1940:|website=
1905:
1881:
1857:
1833:
1798:
1787:
1775:
1756:(2): 221–265.
1737:
1730:
1712:
1691:
1689:, 2011. p. 250
1683:Debora Hammond
1672:
1665:
1634:
1618:
1569:
1553:
1541:
1521:
1515:David Latzko.
1503:
1489:
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1128:
1121:
1106:
1105:
1104:1940s to 1960s
1100:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1073:
1067:
1055:Main article:
1052:
1049:
1044:General Theory
1006:
1000:
981:
978:
943:
940:
848:
845:
793:
790:
776:capital theory
649:
646:
644:
641:
633:social science
568:
567:
565:
564:
557:
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542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
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527:Thermodynamics
524:
519:
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507:Green politics
504:
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475:Related topics
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428:
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364:
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164:Systems theory
157:
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122:
118:
117:
102:
101:Known for
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
73:
71:(aged 83)
65:
61:
60:
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
23:K. E. Boulding
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4219:
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4207:
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4191:Alvin E. Roth
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4156:
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4150:
4147:
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4141:
4138:
4137:Avinash Dixit
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:Peter Diamond
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4095:Sherwin Rosen
4093:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:Zvi Griliches
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4018:Gérard Debreu
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4006:Robert Eisner
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
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3858:
3857:Fritz Machlup
3855:
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3792:
3791:John D. Black
3789:
3786:
3785:Simon Kuznets
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3771:
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3660:John M. Clark
3658:
3655:
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3628:
3625:
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3577:Carl C. Plehn
3575:
3572:
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3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
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3547:Irving Fisher
3545:
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3475:F. W. Taussig
3473:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3434:John B. Clark
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
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3413:
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3402:
3397:
3395:
3390:
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3379:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3353:Oleg Itskhoki
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
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3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3275:Emmanuel Saez
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3257:Steven Levitt
3255:
3252:
3251:Matthew Rabin
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
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3219:
3216:
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3186:
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3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3143:Zvi Griliches
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
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3000:
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2976:
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2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2945:Margaret Mead
2943:
2940:
2939:Stafford Beer
2937:
2934:
2933:Bertram Gross
2931:
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2807:
2798:
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2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:Organizations
2773:
2767:
2764:
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2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:Kevin Warwick
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
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2666:
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2656:
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2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Margaret Mead
2638:
2636:
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2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Lydia Kavraki
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:Barbara Grosz
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
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2568:
2566:
2563:
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2556:
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2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2485:Ruzena Bajcsy
2483:
2481:
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2471:
2468:
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2459:
2448:
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2329:
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2319:
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2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:Doubling time
2306:
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2103:nasonline.org
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2017:
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2001:
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1731:1-134-71152-2
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1608:on 2018-11-11
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1537:nasonline.org
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1328:
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1314:
1313:
1310:1980s to 1993
1309:
1308:
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1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:Silent Spring
1079:
1078:Rachel Carson
1071:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:and Keynes's
1037:
1036:Irving Fisher
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1004:
999:
996:
990:
987:
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838:
833:
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809:
802:
798:
789:
787:
783:
782:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
757:Henry Schultz
754:
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743:
739:
732:
728:
724:
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528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
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510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
492:Eco-socialism
490:
488:
487:Eco-investing
485:
483:
480:
479:
471:
470:
462:
461:
457:
455:
454:
450:
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119:
116:
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108:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
67:18 March 1993
66:
62:
57:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
4233:Janet Currie
4209:Janet Yellen
4203:Ben Bernanke
4143:Angus Deaton
4088:2001–present
3868:
3750:Frank Knight
3732:Paul Douglas
3678:Alvin Hansen
3624:Edwin F. Gay
3523:John H. Gray
3517:David Kinley
3341:Melissa Dell
3335:Emi Nakamura
3329:Parag Pathak
3311:Roland Fryer
3281:Esther Duflo
3106:
3094:
3035:
2993:Robert Rosen
2987:Brian Gaines
2921:Milton Rubin
2897:Willam Ashby
2884:
2828:
2816:
2804:
2749:Applications
2705:Katia Sycara
2605:James J. Kay
2595:Mike Jackson
2530:Murray Bowen
2524:
2428:Pharmacology
2423:Neuroscience
2177:
2160:. Retrieved
2156:
2131:
2120:
2112:
2102:
2089:
2086:Dopfer, Kurt
2069:
2061:
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2035:
2028:
2003:
1999:
1980:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1920:. Retrieved
1915:
1908:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:
1884:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:
1860:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:
1836:
1825:. Retrieved
1811:
1801:
1790:
1778:
1753:
1749:
1721:
1715:
1707:
1686:
1648:
1629:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:the original
1601:
1597:
1564:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1524:
1494:. Retrieved
1479:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1407:
1400:
1390:
1382:, Macmillan.
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1302:
1296:Stable Peace
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1270:, Wadsworth.
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2418:Engineering
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2277:Multi-agent
2272:Information
2096:Keyfitz, N.
2040:(Hardcover)
1969:(2): 43–48.
1529:Keyfitz, N.
1152:, J. Wiley.
995:ecodynamics
959:Vietnam War
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