Kepler space telescope

1772:(wheel 2) failed. On May 11, 2013, a second wheel (wheel 4) failed, jeopardizing the continuation of the mission, as three wheels are necessary for its planet hunting. Kepler had not collected science data since May because it was not able to point with sufficient accuracy. On July 18 and 22 reaction wheels 4 and 2 were tested respectively; wheel 4 only rotated counter-clockwise but wheel 2 ran in both directions, albeit with significantly elevated friction levels. A further test of wheel 4 on July 25 managed to achieve bi-directional rotation. Both wheels, however, exhibited too much friction to be useful. On August 2, NASA put out a call for proposals to use the remaining capabilities of Kepler for other scientific missions. Starting on August 8, a full systems evaluation was conducted. It was determined that wheel 2 could not provide sufficient precision for scientific missions and the spacecraft was returned to a "rest" state to conserve fuel. Wheel 4 was previously ruled out because it exhibited higher friction levels than wheel 2 in previous tests. Sending astronauts to fix Kepler is not an option because it orbits the Sun and is millions of kilometers from Earth. 894:, which at the time made it the largest camera system launched into space. The array was cooled by heat pipes connected to an external radiator. The CCDs were read out every 6.5 seconds (to limit saturation) and co-added on board for 58.89 seconds for short cadence targets, and 1765.5 seconds (29.4 minutes) for long cadence targets. Due to the larger bandwidth requirements for the former, these were limited in number to 512 compared to 170,000 for long cadence. However, even though at launch Kepler had the highest data rate of any NASA mission, the 29-minute sums of all 95 million pixels constituted more data than could be stored and sent back to Earth. Therefore, the science team pre-selected the relevant pixels associated with each star of interest, amounting to about 6 percent of the pixels (5.4 megapixels). The data from these pixels was then requantized, compressed and stored, along with other auxiliary data, in the on-board 16 gigabyte solid-state recorder. Data that was stored and downlinked includes science stars, 809: 1701:

planet is about the same as to detect an Earth-sized planet in transit across a solar-type star—Jupiter-sized planets with an orbital period of a few days or less are detectable by sensitive space telescopes such as Kepler. In the long run, this method may help find more planets than the transit method, because the reflected light variation with orbital phase is largely independent of the planet's orbital inclination, and does not require the planet to pass in front of the disk of the star. In addition, the phase function of a giant planet is also a function of its thermal properties and atmosphere, if any. Therefore, the phase curve may constrain other planetary properties, such as the particle size distribution of the atmospheric particles.

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if a star has multiple planet candidates, it is very likely a real planetary system. Transit signals still need to meet several criteria which rule out false-positive scenarios. For instance, it has to have considerable signal-to-noise ratio, it has at least three observed transits, orbital stability of those systems have to be stable and transit curve has to have a shape that partly eclipsing binaries could not mimic the transit signal. In addition, its orbital period needs to be 1.6 days or longer to rule out common false positives caused by eclipsing binaries. Validation by multiplicity method is very efficient and allows to confirm hundreds of Kepler candidates in a relatively short amount of time.

1098: 1569:. Thus, Kepler was designed to be sensitive to wavelengths of 400–865 nm where brightness of those stars peaks. Most of the stars observed by Kepler have apparent visual magnitude between 14 and 16 but the brightest observed stars have apparent visual magnitude of 8 or lower. Most of the planet candidates were initially not expected to be confirmed due to being too faint for follow-up observations. All the selected stars are observed simultaneously, with the spacecraft measuring variations in their brightness every thirty minutes. This provides a better chance for seeing a transit. The mission was designed to maximize the probability of detecting planets orbiting other stars. 2947: 2767: 1602: 16699: 2416: 907: 36: 1870: 1086: 2129:", including five less than twice the size of Earth. There were previously only two planets thought to be in the "habitable zone", so these new findings represent an enormous expansion of the potential number of "Goldilocks planets" (planets of the right temperature to support liquid water). All of the habitable zone candidates found thus far orbit stars significantly smaller and cooler than the Sun (habitable candidates around Sun-like stars will take several additional years to accumulate the three transits required for detection). Of all the new planet candidates, 68 are 125% of 1295: 2349: 16705: 2015:) are not useful in this search. From the first few months of data, Kepler scientists determined that about 7,500 stars from the initial target list are such variable stars. These were dropped from the target list, and replaced by new candidates. On November 4, 2009, the Kepler project publicly released the light curves of the dropped stars. The first new planet candidate observed by Kepler was originally marked as a false positive because of uncertainties in the mass of its parent star. However, it was confirmed ten years later and is now designated 2244: 871: 87: 13838: 1634: 1979: 960: 1074: 14872: 14651: 818: 16711: 1848: 1419: 16983: 16617: 2095: 1303: 1666: 935:

was developed allowing 10 ppm for stellar variability, roughly the value for the Sun. The obtained accuracy for this observation has a wide range, depending on the star and position on the focal plane, with a median of 29 ppm. Most of the additional noise appears to be due to a larger-than-expected variability in the stars themselves (19.5 ppm as opposed to the assumed 10.0 ppm), with the rest due to instrumental noise sources slightly larger than predicted.

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for the K2 mission was estimated to be 50 ppm on a magnitude 12 star for a 6.5-hour integration. In February 2014, photometric precision for the K2 mission using two-wheel, fine-point precision operations was measured as 44 ppm on magnitude 12 stars for a 6.5-hour integration. The analysis of these measurements by NASA suggests the K2 photometric precision approaches that of the Kepler archive of three-wheel, fine-point precision data.

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letting software select signals that seem potentially transit-like. At this point, any signal that shows potential transit-like features is called a threshold crossing event. These signals are individually inspected in two inspection rounds, with the first round taking only a few seconds per target. This inspection eliminates erroneously selected non-signals, signals caused by instrumental noise and obvious eclipsing binaries.

1617:(KOI), receive a KOI designation and are archived. KOIs are inspected more thoroughly in a process called dispositioning. Those which pass the dispositioning are called Kepler planet candidates. The KOI archive is not static, meaning that a Kepler candidate could end up in the false-positive list upon further inspection. In turn, KOIs that were mistakenly classified as false positives could end up back in the candidates list. 17433: 1752: 1311: 17457: 532: 952: 14183: 1154: 13844: 17409: 17445: 17356: 1662:, requires follow-up observations from ground-based telescopes. This method works well if the planet is massive or is located around a relatively bright star. While current spectrographs are insufficient for confirming planetary candidates with small masses around relatively dim stars, this method can be used to discover additional massive non-transiting planet candidates around targeted stars. 939:

detection. Scientific estimates indicated that a mission lasting 7 to 8 years, as opposed to the originally planned 3.5 years, would be needed to find all transiting Earth-sized planets. On April 4, 2012, the Kepler mission was approved for extension through the fiscal year 2016, but this also depended on all remaining reaction wheels staying healthy, which turned out not to be the case (see

2441: 17421: 1565:. Moreover, Kepler is dedicated to detecting planetary transits, while the Hubble Space Telescope is used to address a wide range of scientific questions, and rarely looks continuously at just one starfield. Of the approximately half-million stars in Kepler's field of view, around 150,000 stars were selected for observation. More than 90,000 are G-type stars on, or near, the 2235:. Of these, 207 are similar in size to Earth, 680 are super-Earth-size, 1,181 are Neptune-size, 203 are Jupiter-size and 55 are larger than Jupiter. Moreover, 48 planet candidates were found in the habitable zones of surveyed stars. The Kepler team estimated that 5.4% of all stars host Earth-size planet candidates, and that 17% of all stars have multiple planets. 2133:'s size or smaller, or smaller than all previously discovered exoplanets. "Earth-size" and "super-Earth-size" is defined as "less than or equal to 2 Earth radii (Re)" . Six such planet candidates are in the "habitable zone." A more recent study found that one of these candidates (KOI 326.01) is in fact much larger and hotter than first reported. 2724:, launched the Zooniverse project "Exoplanet Explorers". While Planethunters.org worked with archived data, Exoplanet Explorers used recently downlinked data from the K2 mission. On the first day of the project, 184 transit candidates were identified that passed simple tests. On the second day, the research team identified a star system, later named 1689:

other planets. In addition, if the planet is massive enough, it can cause slight variations of the host stars' orbital periods. Despite being harder to find circumbinary planets due to their non-periodic transits, it is much easier to confirm them, as timing patterns of transits cannot be mimicked by an eclipsing binary or a background star system.

1932:. By the evening of April 8 the spacecraft had been upgraded to safe mode, and on April 10 it was placed into point-rest state, a stable mode which provides normal communication and the lowest fuel burn. At that time, the cause of the emergency was unknown, but it was not believed that Kepler's reaction wheels or a planned maneuver to support 1783:. Another proposal was to modify the software on Kepler to compensate for the disabled reaction wheels. Instead of the stars being fixed and stable in Kepler's field of view, they will drift. Proposed software was to track this drift and more or less completely recover the mission goals despite being unable to hold the stars in a fixed view. 1193:. LASP performs essential mission planning and the initial collection and distribution of the science data. The mission's initial life-cycle cost was estimated at US$ 600 million, including funding for 3.5 years of operation. In 2012, NASA announced that the Kepler mission would be funded until 2016 at a cost of about $ 20 million per year. 922:, the mirror is specifically designed to have a mass only 14% that of a solid mirror of the same size. To produce a space telescope system with sufficient sensitivity to detect relatively small planets, as they pass in front of stars, a very high reflectance coating on the primary mirror was required. Using 2635:

The Kepler team originally promised to release data within one year of observations. However, this plan was changed after launch, with data being scheduled for release up to three years after its collection. This resulted in considerable criticism, leading the Kepler science team to release the third

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In March, a study found that small planets with orbital periods of less than one day are usually accompanied by at least one additional planet with orbital period of 1–50 days. This study also noted that ultra-short period planets are almost always smaller than 2 Earth radii unless it is a misaligned

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or a star's shape deformation by a companion. These can sometimes be used to rule out hot Jupiter candidates as false positives caused by a star or a brown dwarf when these effects are too noticeable. However, there are some cases where such effects are detected even by planetary-mass companions such

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show much larger transit timing variations between transits than planets gravitationally disturbed by other planets. Their transit duration times also vary significantly. Transit timing and duration variations for circumbinary planets are caused by the orbital motion of the host stars, rather than by

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Because Kepler must observe at least three transits to confirm that the dimming of a star was caused by a transiting planet, and because larger planets give a signal that is easier to check, scientists expected the first reported results to be larger Jupiter-size planets in tight orbits. The first of

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The Kepler space telescope was in active operation from 2009 through 2013, with the first main results announced on January 4, 2010. As expected, the initial discoveries were all short-period planets. As the mission continued, additional longer-period candidates were found. As of November 2018,

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In April 2012, an independent panel of senior NASA scientists recommended that the Kepler mission be continued through 2016. According to the senior review, Kepler observations needed to continue until at least 2015 to achieve all the stated scientific goals. On November 14, 2012, NASA announced the

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In 2014, a new confirmation method called "validation by multiplicity" was announced. From the planets previously confirmed through various methods, it was found that planets in most planetary systems orbit in a relatively flat plane, similar to the planets found in the Solar System. This means that

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After showing some problems in January 2013, a second reaction wheel failed on May 11, 2013, ending Kepler's primary mission. The spacecraft was put into safe mode, then from June to August 2013 a series of engineering tests were done to try to recover either failed wheel. By August 15, 2013, it was

1244:-format science data products by the DMC, which are then passed along to the Science Operations Center (SOC) at NASA Ames Research Center, for calibration and final processing. The SOC at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) develops and operates the tools needed to process scientific data for use by the 2328:

that keeps it pointed in the right direction. A second wheel had previously failed, and the telescope required three wheels (out of four total) to be operational for the instrument to function properly. Further testing in July and August determined that while Kepler was capable of using its damaged

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The frequency of planet observations was highest for exoplanets two to three times Earth-size, and then declined in inverse proportionality to the area of the planet. The best estimate (as of March 2011), after accounting for observational biases, was: 5.4% of stars host Earth-size candidates, 6.8%

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On February 2, 2011, the Kepler team announced the results of analysis of the data taken between 2 May and September 16, 2009. They found 1235 planetary candidates circling 997 host stars. (The numbers that follow assume the candidates are really planets, though the official papers called them only

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On June 15, 2010, the Kepler mission released data on all but 400 of the ~156,000 planetary target stars to the public. 706 targets from this first data set have viable exoplanet candidates, with sizes ranging from as small as Earth to larger than Jupiter. The identity and characteristics of 306 of

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In June 2016, NASA announced a K2 mission extension of three additional years, beyond the expected exhaustion of on-board fuel in 2018. In August 2018, NASA roused the spacecraft from sleep mode, applied a modified configuration to deal with thruster problems that degraded pointing performance, and

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from full to new and back again. Because Kepler cannot resolve the planet from the star, it sees only the combined light, and the brightness of the host star seems to change over each orbit in a periodic manner. Although the effect is small—the photometric precision required to see a close-in giant

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do not show strictly periodic transits, and have to be inspected through other methods. In addition, third-party researchers use different data-processing methods, or even search planet candidates from the unprocessed light curve data. As a consequence, those planets may be missing KOI designation.

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is a publicly searchable database of roughly 13.2 million targets used for the Kepler Spectral Classification Program and the Kepler mission. The catalog alone is not used for finding Kepler targets, because only a portion of the listed stars (about one-third of the catalog) can be observed by the

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On February 26, scientists announced that data from Kepler had confirmed the existence of 715 new exoplanets. A new statistical method of confirmation was used called "verification by multiplicity" which is based on how many planets around multiple stars were found to be real planets. This allowed

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By December 5, 2011, the Kepler team announced that they had discovered 2,326 planetary candidates, of which 207 are similar in size to Earth, 680 are super-Earth-size, 1,181 are Neptune-size, 203 are Jupiter-size and 55 are larger than Jupiter. Compared to the February 2011 figures, the number of

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the 706 targets were given. The released targets included five candidate multi-planet systems, including six extra exoplanet candidates. Only 33.5 days of data were available for most of the candidates. NASA also announced data for another 400 candidates were being withheld to allow members of the

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In early 2014, the spacecraft underwent successful testing for the K2 mission. From March to May 2014, data from a new field called Field 0 was collected as a testing run. On May 16, 2014, NASA announced the approval of extending the Kepler mission to the K2 mission. Kepler's photometric precision

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On August 15, 2013, NASA announced that Kepler would not continue searching for planets using the transit method after attempts to resolve issues with two of the four reaction wheels failed. An engineering report was ordered to assess the spacecraft's capabilities, its two good reaction wheels and

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transiting a Sun-like star the probability is 0.47%, or about 1 in 210. For a planet like Venus orbiting a Sun-like star the probability is slightly higher, at 0.65%; If the host star has multiple planets, the probability of additional detections is higher than the probability of initial detection

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The SOC also evaluates the photometric performance on an ongoing basis and provides the performance metrics to the SO and Mission Management Office. Finally, the SOC develops and maintains the project's scientific databases, including catalogs and processed data. The SOC finally returns calibrated

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In terms of photometric performance, Kepler worked well, much better than any Earth-bound telescope, but short of design goals. The objective was a combined differential photometric precision (CDPP) of 20 parts per million (PPM) on a magnitude 12 star for a 6.5-hour integration. This estimate

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On October 30, 2018, after the spacecraft ran out of fuel, NASA announced that the telescope would be retired. The telescope was shut down the same day, bringing an end to its nine-year service. Kepler observed 530,506 stars and discovered 2,662 exoplanets over its lifetime. A newer NASA mission,

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Campaign 9 were responsible. Operators downloaded and analyzed engineering data from the spacecraft, with the prioritization of returning to normal science operations. Kepler was returned to science mode on April 22. The emergency caused the first half of Campaign 9 to be shortened by two weeks.

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Chontos, Ashley; Huber, Daniel; Latham, David W.; Bieryla, Allyson; van Eylen, Vincent; Bedding, Timothy R.; Berger, Travis; Buchhave, Lars A.; Campante, Tiago L.; Chaplin, William J; Colman, Isabel L.; Coughlin, Jeff L.; Davies, Guy; Hirano, Teruyuki; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard (March

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The Kepler results, based on the candidates in the list released in 2010, implied that most candidate planets have radii less than half that of Jupiter. The results also imply that small candidate planets with periods less than thirty days are much more common than large candidate planets with

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Once Kepler has collected and sent back the data, raw light curves are constructed. Brightness values are then adjusted to take the brightness variations due to the rotation of the spacecraft into account. The next step is processing (folding) light curves into a more easily observable form and

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Because decrease in brightness from an Earth-size planet transiting a Sun-like star is so small, only 80 ppm, the increased noise means each individual transit is only a 2.7 σ event, instead of the intended 4 σ. This, in turn, means more transits must be observed to be sure of a

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by looking at the time between successive transits, which may vary if planets are gravitationally perturbed by each other. This helps to confirm relatively low-mass planets even when the star is relatively distant. Transit timing variations indicate that two or more planets belong to the same

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If a planet cannot be detected through at least one of the other detection methods, it can be confirmed by determining if the possibility of a Kepler candidate being a real planet is significantly larger than any false-positive scenarios combined. One of the first methods was to see if other

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A new validation method using a tool called PASTIS has been developed. It makes it possible to confirm a planet even when only a single candidate transit event for the host star has been detected. A drawback of this tool is that it requires a relatively high signal-to-noise ratio from

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Earth-size and super-Earth-size planets increased by 200% and 140% respectively. Moreover, 48 planet candidates were found in the habitable zones of surveyed stars, marking a decrease from the February figure; this was due to the more stringent criteria in use in the December data.

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On April 20, 2009, it was announced that the Kepler science team had concluded that further refinement of the focus would dramatically increase the scientific return. On April 23, 2009, it was announced that the focus had been successfully optimized by moving the primary mirror

2917:(PHAs). Its unique orbit and larger field of view than existing survey telescopes allow it to look for objects inside Earth's orbit. It was predicted a 12-month survey could make a significant contribution to the hunt for PHAs as well as potentially locating targets for NASA's 2544:, a confirmed exoplanet that is near-Earth in size and found orbiting the habitable zone of a Sun-like star. The seventh Kepler planet candidate catalog was released, containing 4,696 candidates, and increase of 521 candidates since the previous catalog release in January 2015. 2174:

estimated in 2011 that "within a thousand light-years of Earth", there are "at least 30,000" habitable planets. Also based on the findings, the Kepler team has estimated that there are "at least 50 billion planets in the Milky Way", of which "at least 500 million" are in the

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used for pointing the spacecraft stopped turning, and completing the mission would only be possible if the other three all remained reliable. Then, on May 11, 2013, a second one failed, disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission.

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periods less than thirty days and that the ground-based discoveries are sampling the large-size tail of the size distribution. This contradicted older theories which had suggested small and Earth-size planets would be relatively infrequent. Based on extrapolations from the

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February 13, 2014: The Kepler project has updated dispositions for 534 KOIs in the Q1–Q16 KOI activity table. This brings the total number of Kepler candidates and confirmed planets to 3,841. For more information, see the Purpose of KOI Table document and the interactive

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NASA decommissioned the Kepler space telescope last night (Nov. 15), beaming "goodnight" commands to the sun-orbiting observatory. The final commands were sent from Kepler's operations center at the University of Colorado Boulder's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space

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Rowe, Jason F.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Jontof-Hutter, Daniel; et al. (February 26, 2014). "Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. III: Light Curve Analysis & Announcement of Hundreds of New Multi-planet Systems".

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In November 2013, the second Kepler science conference was held. The discoveries included the median size of planet candidates getting smaller compared to early 2013, preliminary results of the discovery of a few circumbinary planets and planets in the habitable zone.

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Lissauer, Jack J.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Rowe, Jason F.; Jontof-Hutter, Daniel; et al. (February 25, 2014). "Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. II: Refined Statistical Framework and Descriptions of Systems of Special Interest".

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host super-Earth-size candidates, 19.3% host Neptune-size candidates, and 2.55% host Jupiter-size or larger candidates. Multi-planet systems are common; 17% of the host stars have multi-candidate systems, and 33.9% of all the planets are in multiple planet systems.

990:). As of May 1, 2018, the distance to Kepler from Earth was about 0.917 AU (137 million km). This means that after about 26 years Kepler will reach the other side of the Sun and will get back to the neighborhood of the Earth after 51 years. 1523:, on the order of 0.01% for an Earth-size planet. The degree of this reduction in brightness can be used to deduce the diameter of the planet, and the interval between transits can be used to deduce the planet's orbital period, from which estimates of its orbital 2122:-size, 662 Neptune-size, 165 Jupiter-size, and 19 up to twice the size of Jupiter. In contrast to previous work, roughly 74% of the planets are smaller than Neptune, most likely as a result of previous work finding large planets more easily than smaller ones. 1189:, so as to optimize the amount of sunlight falling on the solar array and to keep the heat radiator pointing towards deep space. Together, LASP and Ball Aerospace controlled the spacecraft from a mission operations center located on the research campus of the 1644:

Usually, Kepler candidates are imaged individually with more-advanced ground-based telescopes in order to resolve any background objects which could contaminate the brightness signature of the transit signal. Another method to rule out planet candidates is

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Prsa, Andrej; Batalha, Natalie M.; Slawson, Robert W.; Doyle, Laurance R.; Welsh, William F.; et al. (January 21, 2011). "Kepler Eclipsing Binary Stars. I. Catalog and Principal Characterization of 1879 Eclipsing Binaries in the First Data Release".

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reaction wheels to prevent itself from entering safe mode and of downlinking previously collected science data it was not capable of collecting further science data as previously configured. Scientists working on the Kepler project said there was a

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data, so it can mainly confirm only larger planets or planets around quiet and relatively bright stars. Currently, the analysis of Kepler candidates through this method is underway. PASTIS was first successful for validating the planet Kepler-420b.

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During a scheduled contact on April 7, 2016, Kepler was found to be operating in emergency mode, the lowest operational and most fuel intensive mode. Mission operations declared a spacecraft emergency, which afforded them priority access to NASA's

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On February 13, over 530 additional planet candidates were announced residing around single planet systems. Several of them were nearly Earth-sized and located in the habitable zone. This number was further increased by about 400 in June 2014.

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plane, so that sunlight never enters the photometer as the spacecraft orbits. This is also the direction of the Solar System's motion around the center of the galaxy. Thus, the stars which Kepler observed are roughly the same distance from the

722:, along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates. Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler's K2 mission. In November 2013, astronomers estimated, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion 1410:

at the top left corner. The mission website has a calculator that will determine if a given object falls in the FOV, and if so, where it will appear in the photo detector output data stream. Data on exoplanet candidates is submitted to the

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Jenkins, Jon M.; Twicken, Joseph D.; Batalha, Natalie M.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Cochran, William D.; et al. (July 2015). "Discovery and Validation of Kepler-452b: A 1.6 R⨁ Super Earth Exoplanet in the Habitable Zone of a G2 Star".

2321:. The new exoplanets are considered prime candidates for possessing liquid water and thus a habitable environment. A more recent analysis has shown that Kepler-69c is likely more analogous to Venus, and thus unlikely to be habitable. 9807:

Conroy, Kyle E.; Prša, Andrej; Stassun, Keivan G.; Bloemen, Steven; Parvizi, Mahmoud; et al. (October 2014). "Kepler Eclipsing Binary Stars. V. Identification of 31 Candidate Eclipsing Binaries in the K2 Engineering Dataset".

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for which Kepler can collect good data even though doing so was not a design goal. While Kepler cannot detect planetary-mass objects with this method, it can be used to determine if the transit was caused by a stellar-mass object.

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NASA held a press conference to discuss early science results of the Kepler mission on August 6, 2009. At this press conference, it was revealed that Kepler had confirmed the existence of the previously known transiting exoplanet

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these were reported after only a few months of operation. Smaller planets, and planets farther from their sun would take longer, and discovering planets comparable to Earth were expected to take three years or longer.

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On August 15, 2013, NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels. This meant the current mission needed to be modified, but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet hunting.

2702:-sized exoplanet, to be named Threapleton Holmes B. One hundred thousand other volunteers were also engaged in the search by late January, analyzing over one million Kepler images by early 2012. One such exoplanet, 689:, from both the stars and the spacecraft, meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals. Initially, in 2012, the mission was expected to be extended until 2016, but on July 14, 2012, one of the four 8795: 1441:, around 0.25 percent of the sky, or "about two scoops of the Big Dipper". Thus, it would require around 400 Kepler-like telescopes to cover the whole sky. The Kepler field contains portions of the constellations 1360:. The spacecraft resumed normal operation on July 3 and the science data that had been collected since June 19 was downlinked that day. On October 14, 2009, the cause of these safing events was determined to be a 1460:, 15 light years from the Sun. The brown dwarf WISE J2000+3629, 22.8 ± 1 light years from the Sun is also in the field of view, but is invisible to Kepler due to emitting light primarily in infrared wavelengths. 2187:

of their stars". This means there are "two billion" of these "Earth analogs" in the Milky Way alone. The JPL astronomers also noted that there are "50 billion other galaxies", potentially yielding more than one

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used for fine pointing of the spacecraft failed. While Kepler requires only three reaction wheels to accurately aim the telescope, another failure would leave the spacecraft unable to aim at its original field.

926:, Surface Optics Corp. applied a protective nine-layer silver coating to enhance reflection and a dielectric interference coating to minimize the formation of color centers and atmospheric moisture absorption. 663:

In January 2006, the project's launch was delayed eight months because of budget cuts and consolidation at NASA. It was delayed again by four months in March 2006 due to fiscal problems. During this time, the

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In April 2015, campaign 4 was reported to last between February 7, 2015, and April 24, 2015, and to include observations of nearly 16,000 target stars and two notable open star clusters, Pleiades and Hyades.

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might miss. By June 2011, users had found sixty-nine potential candidates that were previously unrecognized by the Kepler mission team. The team has plans to publicly credit amateurs who spot such planets.

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had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans "potentially including an exoplanet search, using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters". On November 18, 2013, the

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was responsible for the ground system development, mission operations since December 2009, and scientific data analysis. The initial planned lifetime was three and a half years, but greater-than-expected

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Since the last Kepler catalog was released in February 2012, the number of candidates discovered in the Kepler data has increased by 20 percent and now totals 2,740 potential planets orbiting 2,036 stars

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Angerhausen, Daniel; DeLarme, Emily; Morse, Jon A. (April 16, 2014). "A comprehensive study of Kepler phase curves and secondary eclipses – temperatures and albedos of confirmed Kepler giant planets".

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Pecaut, Mark J.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Bubar, Eric J. (February 2012). "A Revised Age for Upper Scorpius and the Star Formation History among the F-type Members of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association".

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Although no new science data from Kepler field had been collected since the problem, an additional sixty-three candidates were announced in July 2013 based on the previously collected observations.

4752: 3924: 2962:, has been officially retired, and will maintain its current, safe orbit, away from Earth. The spacecraft was deactivated with a "goodnight" command sent from the mission's control center at the 2267:

may be common around stars in the Milky Way. The discovery of 461 more candidates was announced on January 7, 2013. The longer Kepler watches, the more planets with long periods it can detect.

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van Kerkwijk, Marten H.; Rappaport, Saul A.; Breton, René P.; Justham, Stephen; Podsiadlowski, Philipp; Han, Zhanwen (May 20, 2010). "Observations of Doppler Boosting in Kepler Light Curves".

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Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Petigura, Erik; Schlieder, Joshua; Howard, Andrew W.; Fulton, B. J.; et al. (January 2015). "A nearby M star with three transiting super-Earths discovered by K2".

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Kepler has discovered 5,011 exoplanet candidates and 2,662 confirmed exoplanets. As of August 2022, 2,056 exoplanet candidates remain to be confirmed and 2,711 are now confirmed exoplanets.

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Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto; Rappaport, Saul; Winn, Joshua N.; Kotson, Michael C.; Levine, Alan M.; El Mellah, Ileyk (March 10, 2014). "A Study of the Shortest-Period Planets Found With Kepler".

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Bakos, G. Á.; Hartman, J. D.; Bhatti, W.; Bieryla, A.; de Val-Borro, M.; et al. (April 17, 2014). "HAT-P-54b: A hot jupiter transiting a 0.64 Msun star in field 0 of the K2 mission".

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its thrusters. Concurrently, a scientific study was conducted to determine whether enough knowledge can be obtained from Kepler's limited scope to justify its $ 18 million per year cost.

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and bigger. Kepler was designed to look for planets 30 to 600 times less massive, closer to the order of Earth's mass (Jupiter is 318 times more massive than Earth). The method used, the

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The first six weeks of data revealed five previously unknown planets, all very close to their stars. Among the notable results are one of the least dense planets yet found, two low-mass

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of their host star. Only planets whose orbits are seen edge-on from Earth could be detected. Kepler observed 530,506 stars, and had detected 2,778 confirmed planets as of June 16, 2023.

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Science Office (SO). Accordingly, the SOC develops the pipeline data processing software based on scientific algorithms developed jointly by the SO and SOC. During operations, the SOC:

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Borucki, William J.; et al. (2010). Characteristics of Kepler Planetary Candidates Based on the First Data Set: The Majority are Found to be Neptune-Size and Smaller (Report).

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Stevenson, Kevin B.; Fabrycky, Daniel; Jedicke, Robert; Bottke, William; Denneau, Larry (September 2013). "NEOKepler: Discovering Near-Earth Objects Using the Kepler Spacecraft".

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There are a few different exoplanet detection methods which help to rule out false positives by giving further proof that a candidate is a real planet. One of the methods, called

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Batalha, N. M.; Borucki, W. J.; Koch, D. G.; Bryson, S. T.; Haas, M. R.; et al. (January 3, 2010). "Selection, Prioritization, and Characteristics of Kepler Target Stars".

5330: 2067:, for the Kepler Science Council dated August 2, 2010 states, "Analysis of the current Kepler data does not support the assertion that Kepler has found any Earth-like planets." 1266:

data products and scientific results back to the DMC for long-term archiving, and distribution to astronomers around the world through the Multimission Archive at STScI (MAST).

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Cassan, A.; Kubas, D.; Beaulieu, J.-P.; Dominik, M.; Horne, K.; et al. (January 11, 2012). "One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations".

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Doyle, Laurance R.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Slawson, Robert W.; Howell, Steve B.; et al. (September 2011). "Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet".

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processor. On January 12, 2010, one portion of the focal plane transmitted anomalous data, suggesting a problem with focal plane MOD-3 module, covering two out of Kepler's 42

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On January 6, 2015, NASA announced the 1,000th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler space telescope. Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within

1217:. The high gain antenna is not steerable so data collection is interrupted for a day to reorient the whole spacecraft and the high gain antenna for communications to Earth. 9960: 8168: 7382: 1220:

The Kepler space telescope conducted its own partial analysis on board and only transmitted scientific data deemed necessary to the mission in order to conserve bandwidth.

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Aperture of 0.95 m yields a light-gathering area of Pi×(0.95/2) = 0.708 m; the 42 CCDs each sized 0.050 m × 0.025m yields a total sensor area of 0.0525 m:

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Bouchy, F.; Bonomo, A. S.; Santerne, A.; Moutou, C.; Deleuil, M.; et al. (September 2011). "SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates. III. KOI-423b: an 18 M

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Campante, T. L.; Barclay, T.; Swift, J. J.; Huber, D.; Adibekyan, V. Zh.; et al. (February 2015). "An Ancient Extrasolar System with Five Sub-Earth-size Planets".

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NASA has characterized Kepler's orbit as "Earth-trailing". With an orbital period of 372.5 days, Kepler is slowly falling farther behind Earth (about 16 million miles

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data, an estimate of around 100 million habitable planets in the Milky Way may be realistic. Some media reports of the TED talk have led to the misunderstanding that

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in addition to analyzing any other false-positive possibilities. Such confirmation is costly, as small planets can generally be detected only with space telescopes.

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assuming planets in a given system tend to orbit in similar planes—an assumption consistent with current models of planetary system formation. For instance, if a

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Rowe, Jason F.; Borucki, William J.; Koch, David; Howell, Steve B.; Basri, Gibor; et al. (2010). "Kepler Observations of Transiting Hot Compact Objects".

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By May 10, 2016, the Kepler mission had verified 1,284 new planets. Based on their size, about 550 could be rocky planets. Nine of these orbit in their stars'

1334:, Florida. The launch was a success and all three stages were completed by 04:55 UTC. The cover of the telescope was jettisoned on April 7, 2009, and the 1041: 8764: 6516: 2118:

candidates. Independent analysis indicated that at least 90% of them are real planets and not false positives). 68 planets were approximately Earth-size, 288

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was changed from a gimballed design to one fixed to the frame of the spacecraft to reduce cost and complexity, at the cost of one observation day per month.

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Science data telemetry collected during mission operations at LASP is sent for processing to the Kepler Data Management Center (DMC) which is located at the

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A chart showing Kepler discoveries, in context of all discovered exoplanets (through 2013), with some transit probabilities indicated for example scenarios.

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Coincidentally, Kepler's "goodnight" falls on the same date as the 388-year anniversary of the death of its namesake, German astronomer Johannes Kepler...

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quarter of their data one year and nine months after collection. The data through September 2010 (quarters 4, 5, and 6) was made public in January 2012.

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of exoplanet discoveries. The yellow shaded bar shows newly announced planets including those verified by the multiplicity technique (February 26, 2014).

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Borucki, William J.; et al. (2011). "Characteristics of planetary candidates observed by Kepler, II: Analysis of the first four months of data".

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Borucki, William J.; et al. (2011). "Characteristics of planetary candidates observed by Kepler, II: Analysis of the first four months of data".

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Nascimbeni, V.; Piotto, G.; Bedin, L. R.; Damasso, M. (September 29, 2010). "TASTE: The Asiago Survey for Timing transit variations of Exoplanets".

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In November 2013, a new mission plan named K2 "Second Light" was presented for consideration. K2 would involve using Kepler's remaining capability,

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This does not include Kepler candidates without a KOI designation, such as circumbinary planets, or candidates found in the Planet Hunters project.

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Campaign 3 lasted from November 14, 2014, to February 6, 2015, and included "16,375 standard long cadence and 55 standard short cadence targets".

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Performs data validation of candidate planets by evaluating various data products for consistency as a way to eliminate false positive detections

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Jenkins, J.M.; Doyle, Laurance R. (September 20, 2003). "Detecting reflected light from close-in giant planets using space-based photometers".

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much quicker confirmation of numerous candidates which are part of multiplanetary systems. 95% of the discovered exoplanets were smaller than

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aired a public appeal for volunteers to analyse Planethunters.org data for potential new exoplanets. This led two amateur astronomers—one in

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being along the line-of-sight to a star is the diameter of the star divided by the diameter of the orbit. For an Earth-size planet at 1

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de Zeeuw, P. T.; Hoogerwerf, R.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; Brown, A. G. A.; Blaauw, A. (1999). "A Hipparcos Census of Nearby OB Associations".

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On May 13, 2009, at 00:01 UTC, Kepler successfully completed its commissioning phase and began its search for planets around other stars.

792:; measurements were collected every half-hour so the light curves were especially useful for studying these types of astronomical events. 16511: 15801: 15682: 14054: 13771: 12387: 7571: 1854: 12968: 6980: 5406: 3956: 16507: 16489: 15976: 15881: 14954: 14442: 14410: 14186: 12928: 12001: 11993: 10565: 7917: 3883: 2922: 2011:

Because Kepler's detection of planets depends on seeing very small changes in brightness, stars that vary in brightness by themselves (

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Caldwell, Douglas A.; van Cleve, Jeffrey E.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Argabright, Vic S.; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; et al. (July 2010).

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astronomers published in January 2013, the Milky Way contains at least as many planets as it does stars, resulting in 100–400 billion

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decided that the wheels were unrecoverable, and an engineering report was ordered to assess the spacecraft's remaining capabilities.

842:(FoV), roughly equivalent to the size of one's fist held at arm's length. Of this, 105 deg is of science quality, with less than 11% 7091: 4921: 1779:

Possible ideas included searching for asteroids and comets, looking for evidence of supernovas, and finding huge exoplanets through

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announced that the Kepler space telescope, having run out of fuel, and after nine years of service and the discovery of over 2,600

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project, which allows volunteers to look for transit events in the light curves of Kepler images to identify planets that computer

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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

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Steffen, Jason H.; et al. (November 9, 2010). "Five Kepler target stars that show multiple transiting exoplanet candidates".

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Díaz, Rodrigo F.; Almenara, José M.; Santerne, Alexandre; Moutou, Claire; Lethuillier, Anthony; Deleuil, Magali (March 26, 2014).

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Grigahcène, A.; et al. (2010). "Hybrid γ Doradus – δ Scuti pulsators: New insights into the physics of the oscillations from

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began collecting scientific data for the 19th observation campaign, finding that the onboard fuel was not yet utterly exhausted.

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completion of Kepler's primary mission, and the beginning of its extended mission, which ended in 2018 when it ran out of fuel.

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and to estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets, Kepler's sole scientific instrument is a

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of data still to be looked at, and that more discoveries would be made in the following couple of years, despite the setback.

2183:(JPL) reported that about "1.4 to 2.7 percent" of all Sun-like stars are expected to have Earth-size planets "within the 1352:

On June 19, 2009, the spacecraft successfully sent its first science data to Earth. It was discovered that Kepler had entered

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Once suitable candidates have been found from Kepler data, it is necessary to rule out false positives with follow-up tests.

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The motion of Kepler relative to Earth, slowly drifting away from Earth in a similar orbit, looking like a spiral over time

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Santerne, A.; Hébrard, G.; Deleuil, M.; Havel, M.; Correia, A. C. M.; et al. (June 24, 2014). "SOPHIE Velocimetry of

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to one fixed to the frame of the spacecraft to reduce cost and complexity, at the cost of one observation day per month.

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In May 2014, K2 observations fields 0 to 13 were announced and described in detail. K2 observations began in June 2014.

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The focal plane of the spacecraft's camera is made out of forty-two 50 × 25 mm (2 × 1 in)

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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).

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Morton, Timothy D.; Johnson, John Asher (2011). "On the Low False Positive Probabilities of Kepler Planet Candidates".

4184: 4041: 1898: 9175: 1830:. Celestial objects, including exoplanets, stars and others, detected by the K2 mission would be associated with the 1205:

communication link twice a week for command and status updates. Scientific data are downloaded once a month using the

854:, rather than sharp images. The mission goal was a combined differential photometric precision (CDPP) of 20 ppm for a 785:. On May 10, 2016, NASA verified 1,284 new exoplanets found by Kepler, the single largest finding of planets to date. 746:. It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 3.7 15734: 15650: 15597: 15542: 14468: 14269: 14020: 13627: 13570: 13495: 12181: 11457: 11370: 11177: 11138: 11106: 11074: 11042: 11010: 10978: 10546: 10073: 8501: 6144:

Batalha, Natalie M.; et al. (2010). "Pre-Spectroscopic False Positive Elimination of Kepler Planet Candidates".

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mission had completed campaign 1, the first official set of science observations, and that campaign 2 was underway.

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of about 300 parts per million, compared with about 20 parts per million earlier, to collect data for the study of "

1372:. As of October 2010, the module was described as "failed", but the coverage still exceeded the science goals. 16408: 15715: 15507: 15028: 14755: 14320: 13617: 12352: 12017: 11143: 11111: 11079: 11047: 11015: 10983: 8772: 7064: 6524: 5928: 5764: 3279: 1331: 1178: 657: 652:

of relatively low-cost science missions. The telescope's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA's

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Page 18 in particular states that models that required a near collision of stars imply about 1% will have planets.

707:"Second Light" proposal was reported. This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect 19:

This article is about the space telescope. For the style of refracting telescope invented by Johannes Kepler, see

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Santerne, A.; Diaz, R. F.; Bouchy, F.; Deleuil, M.; Moutou, C.; et al. (April 2011). "SOPHIE velocimetry of

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mission. Radial velocity follow-up observations were needed as only a single transit of the planet was detected.

1550:-like mission conducted by aliens observed Earth transiting the Sun, there is a 7% chance that it would also see 11360: 7522: 2208:", suggesting that over 160 billion star-bound planets may exist in the Milky Way. Kepler also recorded distant 2070:

In 2010, Kepler identified two systems containing objects which are smaller and hotter than their parent stars:

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Data for each 3-month observation period will be made public within one year of the end the observation period.

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team to perform follow-up observations. The data for these candidates was published February 2, 2011. (See the

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Kane, Stephen R.; Barclay, Thomas; Gelino, Dawn M. (2013). "A Potential Super-Venus in the Kepler-69 System".

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On October 30, 2018, NASA announced that the spacecraft was out of fuel and its mission was officially ended.

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Wiessinger, Scott; Lepsch, Aaron E.; Kazmierczak, Jeanette; Reddy, Francis; Boyd, Padi (September 17, 2018).

3009: 2575: 2533:), before, during and after explosion. Details of the pre-nova moments may help scientists better understand 10374:

Boyajian, T. S.; LaCourse, D. M.; Rappaport, S. A.; Fabrycky, D.; Fischer, D. A.; et al. (April 2016).

2391:, the first nearly Earth-sized planet located in the habitable zone. This planet orbits around a red dwarf. 1557:

Kepler's 115 deg field of view gives it a much higher probability of detecting Earth-sized planets than the

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that helped discover the new star system will be added as co-authors in the research paper when published.

2373: 1838: 1831: 858:(V)=12 Sun-like star for a 6.5-hour integration, though the observations fell short of this objective (see 11240: 7981: 6915: 6840: 2946: 17123: 17118: 16566: 15871: 15229: 13485: 13367: 13355: 13111: 13103: 13087: 12070: 10731: 10669: 9337: 9027: 7409: 7296:

Mamajek, E. E.; Meyer, M. R.; Liebert, James (2002). "Post-T Tauri Stars in the Nearest OB Association".

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In addition to transits, planets orbiting around their stars undergo reflected-light variations—like the

998: 80: 12864: 7830: 3664: 3488: 3423: 2766: 1346:(1.6 thousandths of an inch) towards the focal plane and tilting the primary mirror 0.0072 degree. 834:—at the time of its launch this was the largest mirror on any telescope outside Earth orbit, though the 17502: 17487: 17399: 16014: 15908: 15687: 15374: 15034: 14154: 13983: 13273: 13257: 12986: 12976: 12944: 12872: 12792: 12656: 12575: 11816: 11715: 11557: 11398: 10485:

On this schedule, the data from the quarter ending June 2010 was scheduled to be released in June 2013.

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On December 18, 2014, NASA announced that the K2 mission had detected its first confirmed exoplanet, a

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To determine the range of orbit size, brightness, size, mass and density of short-period giant planets.

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This effort ultimately led to the "K2" follow-on mission observing different fields near the ecliptic.

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Kepler's photometric precision is often high enough to observe a star's brightness changes caused by

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planetary system. There are even cases where a non-transiting planet is also discovered in this way.

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The scientific objective of the Kepler space telescope was to explore the structure and diversity of

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Gilliland, Ronald L.; et al. (2011). "Kepler Mission Stellar and Instrument Noise Properties".

4810: 4116: 3635: 1920:. Its signature was found in a set of engineering data meant to prepare the spacecraft for the full 1356:

on June 15. A second safe mode event occurred on July 2. In both cases the event was triggered by a

17110: 17099: 16698: 16290: 15692: 15519: 15317: 14697: 14628: 14541: 14296: 14207: 13901: 13490: 13429: 9749:. NASA Official: Brian Dunbar; Image credit(s): 2xNASA Ames/SETI Institute/JPL-Caltech; NASA Ames. 5425: 5030:"Ball Aerospace Completes Primary Mirror and Detector Array Assembly Milestones for Kepler Mission" 3815: 2221: 1678: 1601: 1412: 1233: 1033:. This fact is important if position in the galaxy is related to habitability, as suggested by the 95: 74: 14606: 7749:

Borucki, W. J.; Koch, D.; Jenkins, J.; Sasselov, D.; Gilliland, R.; et al. (August 7, 2009).

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Molnár, L.; Plachy, E.; Szabó, R. (May 29, 2014). "Cepheids and RR Lyrae Stars in the K2 Fields".

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Comparison of primary mirror sizes for the Kepler telescope and other notable optical telescopes.

875: 594: 9252: 4492:"NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones" 2983:, the first exoplanet confirmed by Kepler to have an average orbital distance within its star's 2462: 2290:

In April 2013, a white dwarf was discovered bending the light of its companion red dwarf in the

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Second Kepler Science Conference – NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA. Nov. 4–8, 2013

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and where the detector fields are located, along with the locations of a few bright stars with

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The Kepler primary mirror is 1.4 meters (4.6 ft) in diameter. Manufactured by glass maker

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with a 0.95-meter (37.4 in) front corrector plate (lens) feeding a 1.4-meter (55 in)

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Transit Candidates: XII. KOI-1257 b: A Highly-Eccentric 3-Month Period Transiting Exoplanet".

6602:"PASTIS: Bayesian Extrasolar Planet Validation. I. General Framework, Models, and Performance" 2950:

Artwork commissioned by NASA to commemorate the retirement of Kepler in October–November 2018.

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had actually found these planets. This was clarified in a letter to the Director of the NASA

1987: 1971: 1882: 1670: 1528: 1450: 1431: 1407: 1403: 1392: 1369: 1034: 1013: 883: 395: 11496: 11427: 10754: 10692: 10572: 6686: 35: 16516: 15705: 15623: 15552: 15495: 15473: 15439: 15407: 15362: 15355: 15210: 14785: 14717: 14702: 14581: 14526: 14404: 14264: 13928: 13659: 13510: 13399: 12816: 12800: 12543: 10790: 10750: 10688: 10399: 10227: 10104:"Oldest Planetary System Discovered, Improving the Chances for Intelligent Life Everywhere" 10038: 9829: 9711: 9432: 9075: 8976: 8846: 8710: 8639: 8520: 8465: 8403: 8310: 8269: 8224: 8053: 7880: 7772: 7315: 7262: 7209: 7172: 7029: 6682: 6623: 6566: 6450: 6397: 6343: 6282: 6163: 6038: 5981: 5894: 5078: 4763: 4627: 4379: 4286: 3593: 2871: 2865: 2125:

That February 2, 2011 release of 1235 exoplanet candidates included 54 that may be in the "

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telescopes can see the transit as well. The first planet confirmed through this method was

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Applies the analysis algorithms to produce calibrated pixels and light curves for each star

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located on the instrument focal plane (instead of rate sensing gyroscopes, e.g. as used on

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took this title a few months later. Its telescope has a 115 deg (about 12-degree diameter)

681: 632: 345: 16136: 10876: 9637: 9120: 6484: 4022: 3925:"NASA Ends Attempts to Fully Recover Kepler Spacecraft, Potential New Missions Considered" 2348: 1492:

To identify additional members of each discovered planetary system using other techniques.

8: 17461: 17050: 16962: 16849: 16837: 16610: 16018: 15773: 15762: 15758: 15458: 15303: 15141: 15134: 14964: 14921: 14760: 14712: 14680: 14574: 14434: 14395: 14149: 14091: 13622: 13361: 13340: 13313: 13055: 12600: 12447: 12229: 11873: 11651: 10849: 10316: 9747:"NASA's Kepler Discovers First Earth-Size Planet In The 'Habitable Zone' of Another Star" 9189: 8008: 7095: 4929: 4491: 2902: 2732:

in a tight orbit. In the end, volunteers helped to identify 90 exoplanet candidates. The

2706:(or Kepler-64b from its Kepler designation), was discovered in 2012. A second exoplanet, 2192:"Earth analog" planets if all galaxies have similar numbers of planets to the Milky Way. 1878: 1685: 1621: 1237: 375: 20: 16704: 10403: 10231: 10042: 9833: 9715: 9436: 9079: 8850: 8643: 8598: 8565: 8524: 8469: 8407: 8314: 8273: 8228: 8057: 7884: 7776: 7492:"Mission Manager Q&A: Recovering The Kepler Spacecraft To Hunt For Exoplanets Again" 7319: 7266: 7213: 7176: 7033: 6743:"Release : 12–394 – NASA's Kepler Completes Prime Mission, Begins Extended Mission" 6627: 6570: 6454: 6401: 6347: 6286: 6167: 6042: 5985: 5898: 5082: 4899: 4767: 4631: 4383: 4290: 3783: 3597: 1822:. In this proposed mission plan, Kepler would search a much larger area in the plane of 17449: 17437: 17360: 17226: 17216: 16660: 16421: 16112: 15726: 14765: 14064: 14003: 13444: 13321: 13143: 12808: 12407: 12347: 12189: 11800: 11792: 11691: 11659: 11549: 11220: 10766: 10740: 10704: 10678: 10501: 10417: 10389: 10243: 10217: 10054: 10028: 9845: 9819: 9727: 9701: 9670: 9456: 9422: 9365: 9099: 9065: 8870: 8836: 8715: 8655: 8629: 8536: 8532: 8510: 8481: 8455: 8427: 8415: 8393: 8240: 8214: 8150: 8132: 8077: 8043: 7977: 7898: 7870: 7812: 7331: 7305: 7278: 7252: 7225: 7199: 7162: 7045: 7019: 6863: 6698: 6672: 6641: 6613: 6582: 6556: 6466: 6440: 6413: 6387: 6359: 6333: 6306: 6272: 6241: 6198: 6179: 6175: 6153: 6054: 6050: 6028: 5997: 5993: 5971: 5910: 5906: 5884: 5094: 5068: 4798: 4779: 4586: 4402: 4369: 4355: 4329: 4302: 4276: 4046: 3961: 3888: 3617: 3555: 3524: 3493: 3072: 3014: 2994: 2761: 2496: 2398: 2243: 2145: 1929: 1562: 1520: 1258:

Performs transit searches for detection of planets (threshold-crossing events, or TCEs)

968: 723: 624: 609: 590: 586: 314: 11303: 10050: 9444: 8651: 8146: 7221: 7041: 3454: 2324:

On May 15, 2013, NASA announced the space telescope had been crippled by failure of a

2026:

that were initially reported as being members of a new class of stellar objects, and

86: 17306: 16743: 15792: 15433: 15338: 15310: 15199: 15180: 14842: 14567: 14546: 14481: 14336: 14244: 13948: 13837: 13724: 13167: 12752: 12744: 12471: 12463: 12322: 11667: 11594: 11528: 11422: 10708: 10638: 10472: 10321: 10239: 9723: 9448: 9091: 8862: 8858: 8800: 8540: 8477: 8419: 8236: 8069: 8065: 7902: 7816: 7804: 7796: 7788: 7755: 7442: 7229: 7049: 6717: 6702: 6645: 6586: 6578: 6470: 6417: 6409: 6310: 6298: 6263: 6183: 5117: 5098: 5037: 4977: 4783: 4661: 4653: 4645: 4463: 4407: 4298: 3760: 3731: 3609: 3055: 2910: 2530: 2487:

In January 2015, the number of confirmed Kepler planets exceeded 1000. At least two (

2420: 2200:

In January 2012, an international team of astronomers reported that each star in the

1633: 1542: 1538: 1469: 1343: 1320: 1170: 870: 708: 665: 649: 546: 537: 425: 338: 12213: 10770: 10421: 10247: 9731: 8874: 8659: 8485: 8431: 8244: 8081: 7335: 7282: 7131: 6363: 6197:

Monet, David G.; et al. (2010). "Preliminary Astrometric Results from Kepler".

6058: 6001: 5914: 5090: 5036:(Press release). Ball Aerospace and Technologies. September 25, 2007. Archived from 4306: 3621: 3578: 2397:

In July 2014, the first discoveries from K2 field data were reported in the form of

1986:

image of the investigated area. The location of TrES-2b within this image is shown.

1755:

Predicted structure of the Milky Way overlaid with the original Kepler search space.

1326:

The Kepler observatory was launched on March 7, 2009, at 03:49:57 UTC aboard a

17413: 17105: 17089: 17058: 16732: 16673: 15576: 15537: 14516: 14370: 14328: 13865: 12936: 11707: 11565: 11198: 10758: 10696: 10525: 10407: 10312:"The strange star that has serious scientists talking about an alien megastructure" 10235: 10081: 10058: 10046: 9849: 9837: 9719: 9610:"Population of Known Alien Planets Nearly Doubles as NASA Discovers 715 New Worlds" 9460: 9440: 9103: 9083: 9056: 8854: 8647: 8528: 8473: 8411: 8318: 8297: 8232: 8142: 8061: 7888: 7780: 7414: 7323: 7270: 7217: 7037: 6923: 6690: 6631: 6574: 6458: 6405: 6351: 6290: 6171: 6046: 5989: 5902: 5086: 5000:"Advanced Large Area Deposition Technology for Astronomical and Space Applications" 4771: 4635: 4614: 4397: 4387: 4294: 3601: 2264: 2213: 1978: 1823: 1581: 14871: 14650: 12672: 10956:"Stargazing Live viewers find four-planet solar system via crowd-sourcing project" 10762: 10700: 6694: 5853: 2966:

on November 15, 2018. Kepler's retirement coincides with the 388th anniversary of

2648:, or KOIs) to the public. Using this information, a team of astronomers collected 1519:

of planets in front of their stars, which causes a slight reduction in the star's

959: 17339: 16528: 16417: 16044: 15480: 15427: 15401: 15348: 15271: 14780: 14740: 14511: 14344: 14312: 14259: 14230: 13500: 13039: 12920: 11869: 11488: 11473: 11436: 8949: 8796:"Exclusive: "Most Earth-Like" Exoplanet Gets Major Demotion – It Isn't Habitable" 8154: 7946: 5760: 4760:

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave

3829: 2967: 2733: 2690: 2649: 1697: 1524: 1480:(often called "Goldilocks planets") of a wide variety of spectral types of stars. 1472:. This spacecraft observes a large sample of stars to achieve several key goals: 1073: 1053: 1022: 582: 570: 332: 53: 7642: 4726: 2503:. Also in January 2015, NASA reported that five confirmed sub-earth-sized rocky 1866:

On May 29, 2014, campaign fields 0 to 13 were reported and described in detail.

17000: 16378: 16002: 15592: 15559: 15547: 15490: 15450: 15041: 14506: 14383: 14304: 13736: 13709: 13664: 13581: 12362: 12342: 11905: 10667:

transit candidates. II. KOI-428b: A hot Jupiter transiting a subgiant F-star".

10108: 9666:"From Kepler Data, Astronomers Find Galaxy Filled With More but Smaller Worlds" 7893: 7858: 7764: 5850:"Kepler Mission: Characteristics of Transits (section 'Geometric Probability')" 5812: 5199: 4577: 4522:"NASA's Kepler Mission Announces Largest Collection of Planets Ever Discovered" 3546: 3515: 3484: 3105: 2984: 2771: 2673: 2588: 2500: 2325: 2310: 2297:

In April 2013, NASA announced the discovery of three new Earth-size exoplanets—

2284: 2184: 2176: 2126: 1803: 1769: 1577: 1512: 1477: 1275: 1049: 1030: 831: 827: 758: 731: 690: 628: 616: 460: 385: 11392: 9387: 8677:"NASA Finds Earth-size Planet Candidates in Habitable Zone, Six Planet System" 6219:"The Transit Timing Variation (TTV) Planet-finding Technique Begins to Flower" 6094:(Interview). NASA Official: Brian Dunbar; Image credit: NASA Ames/W. Stenzel. 4079:. NASA Official: Brian Dunbar; Image credits: NASA Ames; NASA Ames/W Stenzel. 1418: 987: 17471: 16710: 16649: 16427: 16282: 16270: 16167: 15845: 15840: 15814: 15468: 15420: 15413: 14376: 13821: 12237: 12126: 11840: 11504: 11413: 10325: 9452: 8866: 8423: 8100: 8073: 7792: 7438:"NASA Kepler spacecraft recovers from emergency mode, but what triggered it?" 6916:"NASA's Hobbled Planet-Hunting Spacecraft May Resume Search for Alien Worlds" 5817: 4649: 4354:

Petigura, Erik A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W. (October 31, 2013).

3577:

Borucki, William J.; Koch, David; Basri, Gibor; et al. (February 2010).

3395:

Dunham, Edward W.; Gautier, Thomas N.; Borucki, William J. (August 2, 2010).

3370: 2612: 2556: 2083: 2012: 1566: 1531:) and its temperature (using models of stellar radiation) can be calculated. 1476:

To determine how many Earth-size and larger planets there are in or near the

1456:

The nearest star system in Kepler's field of view is the trinary star system

1438: 1399: 1001: 839: 15088: 13539: 10820: 9578: 9146:

The Transit Timing Variation (TTV) Planet-finding Technique Begins to Flower

7784: 6294: 4758:. In Oschmann, Jacobus M. Jr.; Clampin, Mark C.; MacEwen, Howard A. (eds.). 4657: 4392: 3605: 2817:

data, but confirmed by outside researchers, include Kepler-39b, Kepler-40b,

2094: 1302: 17425: 17334: 17319: 17283: 17261: 17188: 16719: 16679: 16522: 16458: 16347: 16055: 15925: 15854: 15849: 15332: 15325: 15079:

Symbol indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned

14835: 14675: 14254: 13816: 13766: 12397: 12221: 11267:"Farewell, Kepler: NASA Shuts Down Prolific Planet-Hunting Space Telescope" 10412: 10375: 10352: 9095: 8940: 8322: 7808: 7800: 6636: 6601: 6302: 4665: 4411: 3613: 2695: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2466: 2171: 2160: 2144:

On December 20, 2011, the Kepler team announced the discovery of the first

2016: 1964: 1917: 1807: 1665: 1504: 1026: 915: 826:

The telescope has a mass of 1,039 kilograms (2,291 lb) and contains a

735: 405: 11148: 11116: 11084: 11052: 11020: 10988: 10530: 8738: 8004: 7859:"The Curious Case of KOI 4: Confirming Kepler's First Exoplanet Detection" 7620: 4762:. Vol. 7731. International Society for Optics and Photonics. 773117. 2547:

On September 14, 2015, astronomers reported unusual light fluctuations of

2330: 17236: 17194: 17182: 16991: 16668: 16502: 16498: 16494: 16468: 16453: 16373: 16324: 16192: 16188: 16116: 16107: 16091: 15876: 13831: 12696: 11832: 11731: 11573: 10439: 7310: 7257: 6338: 4723:"Exoplanet Search Begins with French Launch of Corot Telescope Satellite" 3129: 3064: 2894: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2729: 2596: 2592: 2548: 2541: 2534: 2492: 2488: 2388: 2209: 2119: 2079: 2023: 1913: 1457: 1361: 972: 895: 817: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 415: 9087: 7068: 5936: 2656:

to confirm the existence of the candidate KOI-428b in 2010, later named

1483:

To determine the range of size and shape of the orbits of these planets.

1240:. The science data telemetry is decoded and processed into uncalibrated 17315: 17231: 17164: 17094: 17063: 16300: 16184: 16172: 16049: 16036: 14849: 13175: 12487: 12332: 12041: 10816: 9388:"NASA's Kepler Discovers Its Smallest 'Habitable Zone' Planets to Date" 9330:"NASA's Kepler Discovers Its Smallest 'Habitable Zone' Planets to Date" 6981:"Kepler Mission Manager Update: K2 spacecraft operation tests continue" 6489: 3551:"As Ranks of Goldilocks Planets Grow, Astronomers Consider What's Next" 2980: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2779: 2775: 2661: 2657: 2512: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2276: 2256: 2189: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2103: 2099: 2027: 1906: 1894: 1723: 1646: 1310: 994: 891: 847: 843: 751: 727: 686: 620: 8258:

Woolfson, M. M. (1993). "The Solar System: Its Origin and Evolution".

6862:

Ofir, Aviv (August 9, 2013). "KeSeF - Kepler Self Follow-up Mission".

4775: 4187:. NASA Official: Brian Dunbar; Image credit(s): NASA Ames/W. Stenzel. 1495:

Determine the properties of those stars that harbor planetary systems.

17326: 17278: 17221: 17159: 17144: 17130: 16938: 16926: 16769: 16308: 16304: 16208: 16081: 16040: 16032: 15971: 15284: 15277: 15205: 14536: 13974: 13791: 13761: 13586: 12840: 12253: 11953: 11768: 11405: 11271: 10617:"NASA's Kepler Mission Announces Next Data Release to Public Archive" 9614: 9280: 9247: 9158:

Planet Hunters Find Circumbinary Planet in 4-Star System – 10.16.2012

9032: 9004: 4430: 4000: 3137: 2959: 2838: 2677: 2563: 2526: 2504: 2455: 2352: 2318: 2314: 2283:), an Earth-size exoplanet orbiting a star similar to the Sun in the 2260: 2225: 2205: 2201: 2164: 1890: 1819: 1799: 1500: 789: 743: 739: 712: 627:

in a fixed field of view. These data were transmitted to Earth, then

612: 605: 578: 450: 7750: 7383:"Mission Manager Update: Kepler Recovered from Emergency and Stable" 6015:

Chaplin, W. J.; et al. (2010). "The asteroseismic potential of

4859:"Kepler: NASA's First Mission Capable of Finding Earth-Size Planets" 4640: 4609: 4490:

Clavin, Whitney; Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele (January 6, 2015).

4361:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States

4023:"Kepler: NASA retires prolific telescope from planet-hunting duties" 3690:"Ball Aerospace Kepler Satellite Marks Five Years of Planet Hunting" 715:. On May 16, 2014, NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension. 17073: 17068: 17045: 16950: 16914: 16902: 16890: 16878: 16861: 16815: 16793: 16781: 16757: 16320: 16312: 16286: 16244: 16227: 16222: 16218: 16180: 16176: 16125: 16028: 15485: 15168: 15147: 14906: 14896: 13714: 13632: 13127: 13063: 12904: 12680: 12616: 12377: 12277: 12269: 12173: 12110: 11921: 11784: 11610: 11602: 11442: 11366: 11302:

Chou, Felicia; Hawkes, Alison; Cofield, Calla (November 16, 2018).

10394: 10222: 10033: 9841: 9642: 8742: 8306: 7875: 7327: 7274: 6983:. NASA Official: Brian Dunbar; Image Credit: NASA Ames/T. Barclay. 6462: 6355: 5847: 5661:"Kepler outlook positive; Followup Observing Program in full swing" 4281: 3788: 2660:. In 2011, the same team confirmed candidate KOI-423b, later named 2571: 2516: 2451: 2005: 1967: 1955: 1886: 1811: 1387: 1376: 1327: 1182: 1158: 1017: 623:

that continually monitored the brightness of approximately 150,000

231: 14426: 14199: 11387: 11225: 10745: 10683: 10157:

Sobeck, Charlie; Johnson, Michele; Dunbar, Brian (April 2, 2015).

9824: 9706: 9427: 9070: 8892:"Kepler-22b, Super-Earth in the habitable zone of a Sun-like Star" 8841: 8634: 8515: 8460: 8398: 8219: 8137: 8048: 8031: 7204: 7167: 7024: 6868: 6677: 6618: 6561: 6517:"NASA's Kepler Mission Announces a Planet Bonanza, 715 New Worlds" 6445: 6392: 6277: 6246: 6203: 6158: 6033: 5976: 5889: 5073: 4750: 4694: 4680:"NASA Retires Kepler Space Telescope, Passes Planet-Hunting Torch" 4374: 4119:. NASA Official: Brian Dunbar; Image credit: NASA Ames/W Stenzel. 3453:

Chou, Felicia; Hawkes, Alison; Cofield, Calia (October 30, 2018).

2368:

and four, including Kepler-296f, were less than 2 1/2 the size of

2008:, and was functioning well enough to discover Earth-size planets. 1677:

In multiplanetary systems, planets can often be confirmed through

1181:. The spacecraft's solar array was rotated to face the Sun at the 17299: 17025: 17020: 17015: 17010: 17005: 16997: 16872: 16831: 16826: 16809: 16804: 16727: 16644: 16484: 16433: 16412: 16295: 16260: 16233: 16213: 16131: 16086: 16008: 15997: 15962: 15947: 15919: 15903: 15866: 15862: 15835: 15788: 15607: 15384: 15174: 14692: 14588: 14561: 14531: 13704: 13699: 13652: 13350: 13281: 13119: 12768: 12728: 12624: 12535: 12527: 12519: 12511: 12503: 12495: 12197: 12165: 10373: 8911:"NASA Discovers First Earth-size Planets Beyond Our Solar System" 8356: 7351:"NASA's Kepler Reborn, Makes First Exoplanet Find of New Mission" 7242: 4266: 3579:"Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results" 2725: 2699: 2365: 2291: 2252: 2217: 1751: 1710: 1508: 1206: 1186: 1162: 976: 718:

By January 2015, Kepler and its follow-up observations had found

514: 16551: 9961:"NASA Spacecraft Capture Rare, Early Moments of Baby Supernovae" 9691: 6972: 5451:"NASA's Kepler Captures First Views of Planet-Hunting Territory" 4692: 3246: 1637:

Kepler mission – new exoplanet candidates – as of June 19, 2017.

1486:

To estimate how many planets there are in multiple-star systems.

1040:

Orientation is three-axis stabilized by sensing rotations using

898:, smear, black level, background and full field-of-view images. 874:

Kepler's image sensor array. The array is curved to account for

17040: 17035: 17030: 16683: 16388: 16278: 16076: 15966: 15502: 14074: 13965: 13843: 13674: 13454: 13191: 13047: 12760: 12704: 12664: 12587: 12567: 12157: 12134: 12033: 12009: 11848: 11675: 11635: 11512: 10186:"NASA's Kepler Mission Discovers Bigger, Older Cousin to Earth" 3038: 2672:

Since December 2010, Kepler mission data has been used for the

2075: 2071: 1902: 1885:

region of the sky, while Field 2 is towards the "head" area of

1535: 1365: 1213:

link at a maximum data transfer rate of approximately 550

1202: 1153: 980: 951: 788:

Kepler data have also helped scientists observe and understand

747: 669: 507: 11388:

Strömgren survey for Asteroseismology and Galactic Archaeology

11218: 9535:"NASA – Kepler Mission Manager Update: Preparing for Recovery" 9000:"New Estimate for Alien Earths: 2 Billion in Our Galaxy Alone" 7690:"NASA Announces Briefing About Kepler's Early Science Results" 4151:"Kepler Mission Manager Update: Invited to 2014 Senior Review" 4115:

Johnson, Michele (December 11, 2013). Johnson, Michele (ed.).

4075:

Johnson, Michele (November 25, 2013). Johnson, Michele (ed.).

3665:"Kepler, the Little NASA Spacecraft That Could, No Longer Can" 3489:"Kepler, the Little NASA Spacecraft That Could, No Longer Can" 1669:

A photo taken by Kepler with two points of interest outlined.

531: 186:

4.7 m × 2.7 m (15.4 ft × 8.9 ft)

16316: 16274: 16265: 16023: 15858: 15809: 15805: 15343: 14612: 14556: 14012: 13895: 13887: 13679: 13424: 13419: 13222: 13159: 13079: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12981: 12912: 12776: 12736: 12688: 12648: 12640: 12245: 11618: 11418: 11351: 10206: 9028:"160 Billion Alien Planets May Exist in Our Milky Way Galaxy" 6073:"Purpose of Kepler Objects of Interest (KOI) Activity Tables" 4216:"Ailing NASA Telescope Spots 503 New Alien Planet Candidates" 3996:"Planet-Hunting Days of NASA's Kepler Spacecraft Likely Over" 3204:: NASA's First Mission Capable of Finding Earth-Size Planets" 3046: 2921:. Kepler's first discovery in the Solar System, however, was 2644:

Periodically, the Kepler team releases a list of candidates (

2567: 2508: 2495:) of the discovered planets announced that month were likely 2377: 2369: 2212:, some of which are 10,000 times more powerful than the 1859 2130: 2111: 2107: 1815: 1551: 1125: 887: 800:, launched in 2018, is continuing the search for exoplanets. 432: 365: 355: 324: 112: 10074:"Astronomers find solar system more than double ours in age" 9927:"Mission Manager Update: C1 data on the ground; C2 underway" 9243:"100 Billion Alien Planets Fill Our Milky Way Galaxy: Study" 6239: 3369:. NASA / Ames Research Center. 2013. Archived from 1157:

Kepler's orbit. The telescope's solar array was adjusted at

593:. After nine and a half years of operation, the telescope's 17174: 16687: 16653: 16637: 15830: 15667: 15379: 14465: 14097: 13464: 13414: 13372: 13345: 13265: 12856: 12261: 11945: 11355: 10468: 9991: 9930: 9899: 9868: 9781: 9750: 9478: 9333: 9216: 8914: 8680: 8594: 8561: 8172: 7943:"Kepler space telescope finds its first extrasolar planets" 7834: 7723: 7693: 7354: 7127: 6984: 6979:

Hunter, Roger (February 14, 2014). Johnson, Michele (ed.).

6953: 6836: 6803: 6774:"NASA's Kepler Mission Discovers 461 New Planet Candidates" 6658: 6520: 6095: 5932: 5723: 5690: 5634: 5604: 5574: 5544: 5514: 5484: 5454: 5331:"Kepler Mission Sets Out to Find Planets Using CCD Cameras" 5195: 5164: 4925: 4865: 4699: 4551: 4525: 4495: 4188: 4154: 4149:

Hunter, Roger (December 11, 2013). Johnson, Michele (ed.).

4120: 4080: 3727: 3458: 3340: 2955: 2746:

List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope

2707: 2703: 1693: 1613:

Threshold crossing events that pass these tests are called

1446: 1241: 1214: 1009: 797: 762: 699: 598: 574: 63: 17420: 14464: 10724: 10263:"NASA Says Data Reveals an Earth-Like Planet, Kepler 452b" 9053: 7918:"Kepler's First Planet Candidate Confirmed 10 Years Later" 7748: 6599: 6260: 5161:"Kepler Mission Rockets to Space in Search of Other Earth" 4548:"Briefing materials: 1,284 Newly Validated Kepler Planets" 4356:"Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars" 3753:

Taylor, Travis S.; Osborn, Stephanie (November 15, 2012).

1402:(FOV) against the sky. The diagram to the right shows the 11380: 11343: 10662: 10016: 9581:. California Institute of Technology. February 27, 2014. 7855: 7009: 3816:"NASA Extends Planet-Hunting Kepler Mission Through 2016" 2990:

List of exoplanets discovered using the Kepler spacecraft

2685: 1827: 1576:

Data collected by Kepler is also being used for studying

1139: 15756: 10518:"Telescope team may be allowed to sit on exoplanet data" 9806: 9745:

Culler, Jessica (April 17, 2014). Jessica Culler (ed.).

8886: 8884: 7751:"Kepler's Optical Phase Curve of the Exoplanet HAT-P-7b" 7720:"NASA's Kepler Spies Changing Phases on a Distant World" 7712: 6515:

Johnson, Michele; Harrington, J.D. (February 26, 2014).

5874: 4183:

Sobeck, Charlie (May 16, 2014). Johnson, Michele (ed.).

2423:, in the process of exploding: before, during and after. 2387:

On April 17, the Kepler team announced the discovery of

11304:"Kepler Telescope Bids 'Goodnight' with Final Commands" 9811:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

9303:"Gravity-Bending Find Leads to Kepler Meeting Einstein" 8444: 7682: 7546:"K2 mission officially extended through end of mission" 6827: 6825: 6800:"Kepler Mission Manager Update: Initial Recovery Tests" 6545: 6433:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

6430: 6376: 4978:"Corning To Build Primary Mirror For Kepler Photometer" 4887: 4426:"17 Billion Earth-Size Alien Planets Inhabit Milky Way" 1901:, which is only about 11 million years old and 120–140 1620:

Not all the planet candidates go through this process.

955:

Kepler's search volume, in the context of the Milky Way

9988:"K2 Campaign 3 (November 14, 2014 – February 6, 2014)" 9475:"Kepler Mission Manager Update: Pointing Test Results" 8585: 8583: 8552: 8550: 7466:"Kepler telescope recovered from spacecraft emergency" 5407:"Kepler glitch may lower odds of finding Earth's twin" 4185:"Kepler Mission Manager Update: K2 Has Been Approved!" 3399:. NASA / Ames Research Center. Archived from 2030:, a well-characterized planet orbiting a binary star. 777:, are almost Earth-size and likely rocky; the fourth, 604:

Designed to survey a portion of Earth's region of the

17397: 9896:"K2 Campaign 2 (August 22, 2014 – November 11, 2014)" 9328:

Johnson, Michele; Harrington, J.D. (April 18, 2013).

8881: 8591:"Kepler: A Search For Habitable Planets – Kepler-20f" 8558:"Kepler: A Search For Habitable Planets – Kepler-20e" 8498: 7349:

Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele (December 18, 2014).

7117: 7115: 7113: 3855:"NASA – Kepler Mission Manager Update (May 21, 2013)" 3830:"Kepler's exoplanet survey jeopardized by two issues" 2511:, were found orbiting the 11.2 billion year old star 2275:

A candidate, newly announced on January 7, 2013, was

2216:. The superflares may be triggered by close-orbiting 1422:

The photometer's field of view in the constellations

660:

responsible for developing the Kepler flight system.

585:, the spacecraft was launched into an Earth-trailing 15005: 10376:"Planet Hunters IX. KIC 8462852 – Where's the flux?" 8973:"Cosmic census finds crowd of planets in our galaxy" 8169:"Kepler News: First 43 Days of Kepler Data Released" 7996: 7094:. NASA Official: Jessie Dotson. NASA. Archived from 7067:. NASA Official: Jessie Dotson. NASA. Archived from 6822: 4753:"Kepler instrument performance: An in-flight update" 3394: 2566:. Various hypotheses have been presented, including 2515:, making this star system, at 80% of the age of the 1786:

Previously collected data continued to be analyzed.

720:

1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 star systems

10156: 10132:"K2 Campaign 4 (February 7, 2015 – April 24, 2015)" 8580: 8547: 8027: 8025: 7295: 7083: 7056: 6950:"Kepler Mission Manager Update: K2 collecting data" 6718:"Kepler planet-hunting mission extended until 2016" 4459:"Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets" 4353: 3957:"NASA's Kepler Mended, but May Never Fully Recover" 3245:. Aarhus University. March 14, 2009. Archived from 2752:

List of planets observed during Kepler's K2 mission

2376:where surface temperatures are suitable for liquid 812:

Kepler in Astrotech's Hazardous Processing Facility

16:

NASA space telescope for exoplanetology (2009–2018)

10842: 9685: 8765:"Kepler Discoveries Suggest a Galaxy Rich in Life" 8438: 7517:Johnson, Michele; Sobeck, Charlie (June 9, 2016). 7376: 7374: 7372: 7189: 7146: 7110: 7003: 6652: 6593: 6539: 6370: 6083: 5848:David Koch and Alan Gould, curators (March 2009). 5362:"Kepler Data Processing Handbook (KSCI-19081-002)" 4234: 3818:. Space.com. April 4, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2012. 2667: 2540:On July 24, 2015, NASA announced the discovery of 1653: 11301: 10381:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 10184:Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele (July 23, 2015). 10123: 9979: 9959:Johnson, Michele; Chandler, Lynn (May 20, 2015). 9954: 9952: 9887: 9856: 9769: 9412: 9327: 8739:"NASA spots scores of potentially livable worlds" 7490:Johnson, Michele; Sobeck, Charlie (May 3, 2016). 7342: 7152: 6606:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 6514: 6510: 6508: 6114: 5868: 5714: 5712: 5132: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4489: 4144: 4142: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3452: 2841:. The "KOI" acronym indicates that the star is a 17469: 10130:Barclay, Thomas; Dotson, Jessie (May 29, 2014). 9986:Barclay, Thomas; Dotson, Jessie (May 29, 2014). 9894:Barclay, Thomas; Dotson, Jessie (May 29, 2014). 9865:"K2 Campaign 1 (May 30, 2014 – August 21, 2014)" 9863:Barclay, Thomas; Dotson, Jessie (May 29, 2014). 9776:Barclay, Thomas; Dotson, Jessie (May 29, 2014). 9571: 9047: 8711:"Kepler Planet Hunter Finds 1,200 Possibilities" 8022: 7935: 7429: 7122:Barclay, Thomas; Dotson, Jessie (May 29, 2014). 5813:"'Goldilocks' planet may be just right for life" 5155: 5153: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4450: 4349: 4347: 4178: 4176: 4077:"A Sunny Outlook for NASA Kepler's Second Light" 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3884:"Equipment Failure May Cut Kepler Mission Short" 3811: 3809: 3807: 3576: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 2525:In May 2015, Kepler observed a newly discovered 2259:. The study, based on planets orbiting the star 10367: 9958: 9361:"2 Good Places to Live, 1,200 Light-Years Away" 9267: 9235: 9019: 8126: 8124: 8122: 7401: 7369: 5426:"Planet-Hunting Kepler Telescope Lifts Its Lid" 4998:Fulton L., Michael; Dummer, Richard S. (2011). 4997: 4746: 4744: 4325:"Far-Off Planets Like the Earth Dot the Galaxy" 4318: 4316: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3658: 3656: 3539: 3479: 3477: 3475: 1628: 14427:Articles related to the Kepler space telescope 11212: 10720: 10718: 10658: 10656: 10177: 10150: 9949: 9918: 9778:"K2 Campaign 0 (March 8, 2014 – May 30, 2014)" 9321: 9204: 8902: 8097:"Blazing Stellar Companion Defies Explanation" 7974:"Kepler's First Exoplanet Results – News Blog" 7849: 7742: 7457: 6942: 6833:"Kepler Mission Manager Update: Pointing Test" 6505: 5709: 5679: 5623: 5593: 5533: 4686: 4570: 4540: 4509: 4418: 4260: 4139: 4099: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3878: 3876: 3708: 3570: 3331: 3329: 2408:On September 23, 2014, NASA reported that the 1415:, or KFOP, to conduct follow-up observations. 648:The Kepler space telescope was part of NASA's 601:announced its retirement on October 30, 2018. 16567: 15742: 15118: 15104: 14450: 14215: 13569: 13555: 11458: 10635:"Kepler Data Collection and Archive Timeline" 10497:"In the Hunt for Planets, Who Owns the Data?" 10465:"NASA's Kepler Mission Data Release Schedule" 10339: 10129: 10010: 9985: 9893: 9862: 9775: 9738: 9657: 9629: 9352: 9295: 9276:"Most Earth-Like Alien Planet Possibly Found" 8619: 8353:"How we found hundreds of Earth-like planets" 7516: 7510: 7489: 7483: 7121: 5150: 4478: 4344: 4173: 4061: 3904: 3804: 3441: 3183: 2562:, as detected by Kepler, while searching for 1877:Field 1 of the K2 mission is set towards the 1252:Receives uncalibrated pixel data from the DMC 11258: 10436:"Frequently Asked Questions from the Public" 10303: 10200: 10095: 10065: 9638:"Kepler telescope bags huge haul of planets" 9601: 8964: 8119: 7621:"How many exoplanets has Kepler discovered?" 6477: 6323: 5929:"Kepler Mission: Frequently Asked Questions" 4741: 4313: 4033: 3943: 3778: 3776: 3752: 3653: 3508: 3472: 3390: 3388: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3300: 3091:Other ground-based exoplanet search projects 2964:Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics 2878: 2224:(TTV) technique, which was used to discover 1909:) distant with probably over 1,000 members. 1596: 1175:Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics 890:each, possessing a total resolution of 94.6 11394:Video (1:00): Kepler Orrey V (Oct 30, 2018) 11233: 10729:transiting companion around an F7IV star". 10715: 10653: 10183: 9406: 9121:"Kepler telescope studies star superflares" 8730: 8704: 8702: 8671: 8669: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8194: 7348: 5921: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5061:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4843: 3976: 3873: 3397:"Statement from the Kepler Science Council" 3326: 3032:Other space-based exoplanet search projects 1503:previously detected by other projects were 1391:Diagram of Kepler's investigated area with 631:periodic dimming caused by exoplanets that 40:Artist's impression of the Kepler telescope 16574: 16560: 15749: 15735: 15111: 15097: 14457: 14443: 14222: 14208: 13562: 13548: 11465: 11451: 10159:"Mission Manager Update: K2 in Campaign 4" 8970: 8756: 8736: 6485:"Kepler 22-b: Earth-like planet confirmed" 5957: 5761:"Kepler mission & program information" 5541:"05.14.09 – Kepler Mission Manager Update" 5511:"04.23.09 – Kepler Mission Manager Update" 5481:"04.20.09 – Kepler Mission Manager Update" 5192:"Kepler Mission: Launch Vehicle and Orbit" 4695:"NASA's TESS Releases First Science Image" 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 1873:K2 proposal explained (December 11, 2013). 1818:, ... " and for finding and studying more 1269: 940: 929: 530: 85: 14811: 11224: 11067: 11035: 11003: 10970: 10744: 10682: 10588: 10544: 10529: 10411: 10393: 10221: 10032: 9823: 9705: 9527: 9426: 9273: 9169: 9069: 8840: 8762: 8633: 8514: 8459: 8397: 8261:Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 8218: 8136: 8047: 7971: 7892: 7874: 7309: 7256: 7203: 7166: 7023: 6867: 6676: 6635: 6617: 6560: 6444: 6391: 6337: 6276: 6245: 6202: 6157: 6032: 5975: 5888: 5784: 5189: 5072: 5058: 4894:Barentsen, Geert, ed. (August 16, 2017). 4893: 4639: 4401: 4391: 4373: 4280: 4207: 4117:"Kepler's Second Light: How K2 Will Work" 3773: 3385: 3354: 1591: 1463: 643: 11131: 11099: 10844:"Amateur stargazers discover new planet" 10547:"Kepler's Exoplanets: A Progress Report" 10457: 10348:"The Most Mysterious Star in Our Galaxy" 10345: 10101: 9170:Schilling, Govert (September 12, 2011). 9115: 9113: 8933: 8894:. NASA. December 5, 2011. Archived from 8699: 8666: 8350: 8257: 8251: 8191: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6876: 5832: 5140:"NASA Approves Kepler Mission Extension" 4840: 2945: 2765: 2414: 2347: 2242: 2093: 1977: 1954: 1868: 1763: 1750: 1664: 1632: 1600: 1417: 1386: 1364:power supply that provides power to the 1309: 1301: 1293: 1201:NASA contacted the spacecraft using the 1152: 958: 950: 946: 905: 869: 815: 807: 17528:Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets 15021: 14827: 11168: 11166: 10783: 10494: 10286: 10260: 9663: 9579:"Welcome to the NASA Exoplanet Archive" 9358: 9172:"'Super-Earth' Found in Habitable Zone" 8991: 8939: 8908: 8826: 8708: 8381: 8290:"Protoplanet Migration by Nebula Tides" 8204: 8130: 8088: 8002: 7519:"Mission Manager Update: K2 Marches On" 7183: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6143: 6019:: first results for solar-type stars". 6014: 5359: 5190:Koch, David; Gould, Alan (March 2009). 4824:Johnson, Michele, ed. (July 30, 2015). 4823: 4576: 4322: 4114: 4074: 4039: 3954: 3721: 3662: 3545: 3514: 3483: 3261: 3243:Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium 2859: 2739: 2639: 2179:. In March 2011, astronomers at NASA's 2170:Based on Kepler's findings, astronomer 1963:image of the investigated area showing 1289: 17470: 11316:from the original on November 16, 2018 11295: 11279:from the original on November 16, 2018 10953: 10929:"Stargazing Live 2017: Thank you all!" 10309: 9925:Sobeck, Charlie (September 23, 2014). 9924: 9744: 9585:from the original on February 27, 2014 9394:from the original on November 13, 2021 9210: 9190:"Released Kepler Planetary Candidates" 8971:Borenstein, Seth (February 19, 2011). 8909:Johnson, Michele (December 20, 2011). 8787: 7601:Griggs, Mary Beth (October 30, 2018). 7600: 7380: 7155:Information Bulletin on Variable Stars 6978: 5423: 5377: 5111: 5006:(December 2011): 43–47. Archived from 4720: 4182: 4148: 3849: 3847: 3421: 3233: 3231: 2078:. These objects are probably low-mass 1056:thrusters to control the orientation. 704: 17330:(enters interstellar space; Dec 2018) 17257:C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto) 16555: 15730: 15249:Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer 15092: 15004: 14810: 14480: 14479: 14438: 14425: 14203: 13543: 11446: 10857:from the original on January 12, 2022 10591:"Kepler Exoplanet Controversy Erupts" 10563: 10289:"Kepler Planet Candidates, July 2015" 9664:Overbye, Dennis (February 27, 2014). 9505:"Kepler broken – mission may be over" 9305:. NASA. April 4, 2013. Archived from 9110: 8793: 8737:Borenstein, Seth (February 2, 2011). 7972:MacRobert, Robert (January 4, 2010). 7909: 7543: 7463: 7410:"Kepler spacecraft in emergency mode" 7407: 7089: 7062: 6902: 6715: 6196: 5404: 5142:. NASA. April 4, 2012. Archived from 5105: 4721:Atkins, William (December 28, 2008). 4607: 4601: 4040:Overbye, Dennis (November 18, 2013). 3827: 3724:"Brief History of the Kepler Mission" 3455:"NASA Retires Kepler Space Telescope" 3314:from the original on January 19, 2014 3285:JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System 3209:. NASA. February 2009. Archived from 2710:(Kepler-86b) was discovered in 2013. 1857:K2 mission timeline (August 8, 2014). 1716: 754:) away, according to the scientists. 14182: 11472: 11264: 11163: 10515: 10102:Atkinson, Nancy (January 27, 2015). 10071: 9636:Amos, Jonathan (February 26, 2014). 9635: 9607: 9274:Moskowitz, Clara (January 9, 2013). 9025: 8997: 8763:Alexander, Amir (February 3, 2011). 8709:Overbye, Dennis (February 2, 2011). 8287: 7915: 7665:"Exoplanet and Candidate Statistics" 7603:"The Kepler Space Telescope is dead" 7435: 6913: 6886:. NASA. June 7, 2013. Archived from 6861: 6761: 6120: 6089: 5810: 5804: 5693:. September 23, 2009. Archived from 5601:"2009 July 7 Mission Manager Update" 5360:Jenkins, Jon M. (January 25, 2017). 4456: 4323:Overbye, Dennis (November 4, 2013). 4242:"NASA's Exoplanet Archive KOI table" 4213: 3993: 3663:Overbye, Dennis (October 30, 2018). 3636:"Exoplanet and Candidate Statistics" 2434: 2098:A size comparison of the exoplanets 1889:and includes two globular clusters, 1789: 1561:, which has a field of view of only 803: 17513:Space probes decommissioned in 2018 14229: 10784:Andrews, Bill (December 20, 2010). 10589:Gugliucci, Nicole (June 15, 2010). 10566:"Minutes of the Kepler Users Panel" 10346:Andersen, Ross (October 13, 2015). 9757:from the original on April 26, 2014 9211:Claven, Whitney (January 3, 2013). 8998:Choi, Charles Q. (March 21, 2011). 8597:. December 20, 2011. Archived from 8564:. December 20, 2011. Archived from 8094: 7578:. September 5, 2018. Archived from 7408:Witze, Alexandra (April 10, 2016). 7090:Still, Martin, ed. (May 29, 2014). 7063:Still, Martin, ed. (May 29, 2014). 6991:from the original on April 18, 2014 6930:from the original on April 18, 2014 6102:from the original on April 20, 2014 6079:. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. 5286: 5222:"Kepler: Spacecraft and Instrument" 5116:. Sky and Telescope. Archived from 5114:"Kepler's Dilemma: Not Enough Time" 4826:"Kepler: Spacecraft and Instrument" 4161:from the original on April 18, 2014 4127:from the original on April 18, 2014 4087:from the original on April 18, 2014 3955:Overbye, Dennis (August 15, 2013). 3844: 3828:Clark, Stephen (October 16, 2012). 3228: 2909:mission was proposed, a search for 1768:In July 2012, one of Kepler's four 1338:images were taken on the next day. 859: 478:0.708 m (7.62 sq ft) 13: 15261:Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer 10976: 10877:"Stargazing viewer in planet coup" 10310:Kaplan, Sarah (October 15, 2015). 10287:Johnson, Michele (July 23, 2015). 9359:Overbye, Dennis (April 18, 2013). 9213:"Billions and Billions of Planets" 8975:. Associated Press. Archived from 8683:. February 2, 2011. Archived from 8003:Gilster, Paul (February 2, 2011). 7949:. January 30, 2010. Archived from 7381:Sobeck, Charlie (April 11, 2016). 5726:. November 5, 2009. Archived from 5637:. October 14, 2009. Archived from 5328: 3784:"Nasa launches Earth hunter probe" 3308:"Kepler Spacecraft and Instrument" 2833:, as well as the planets orbiting 1950: 1437:Kepler's field of view covers 115 1274:On July 14, 2012, one of the four 1223: 668:was changed from a design using a 512:X band down: 10 bit/s – 16 kbit/s 14: 17539: 16581: 15651:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher 15598:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 15070:indicates active current missions 14469:Planetary Missions Program Office 14250:Kepler's laws of planetary motion 14021:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 13496:List of proposed space telescopes 12182:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 11371:Space Telescope Science Institute 11335: 11178:Space Telescope Science Institute 10564:Brown, Alex (March 28–29, 2011). 10495:Overbye, Dennis (June 14, 2010). 10261:Overbye, Dennis (July 23, 2015). 10072:Dunn, Marcia (January 27, 2015). 9481:. August 19, 2013. Archived from 9415:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 9251:. January 2, 2013. Archived from 8502:The Astrophysical Journal Letters 7831:"Kepler dropped stars now public" 7669:exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu 7464:Clark, Stephen (April 11, 2016). 6225:. August 23, 2012. Archived from 6121:Chen, Rick, ed. (June 19, 2017). 5785:Koch, David; Gould, Alan (2004). 5765:Ball Aerospace & Technologies 5663:. August 23, 2010. Archived from 4922:"PyKE Primer – 2. Data Resources" 4610:"Kepler clue to supernova puzzle" 4434:. January 7, 2013. Archived from 4195:from the original on May 17, 2014 3927:. August 15, 2013. Archived from 3640:exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu 3424:"Closing in on Extrasolar Earths" 2206:on average...at least 1.6 planets 2082:produced by previous episodes of 1990:is towards the lower left corner. 1974:is towards the lower left corner. 1726:which was also observed with the 1673:is towards the lower left corner. 1375:Kepler downlinked roughly twelve 1230:Space Telescope Science Institute 1196: 1179:Ball Aerospace & Technologies 901: 589:. The principal investigator was 153:Ball Aerospace & Technologies 131:Final: 9 years, 7 months, 23 days 17455: 17443: 17431: 17419: 17407: 17366: 17365: 17354: 17206: 16981: 16709: 16703: 16697: 16615: 15716:Space Flight Operations Facility 15508:Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 15007:Solar System Exploration program 14870: 14649: 14321:Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae 14181: 14170: 14169: 13842: 13836: 13830: 13524: 13523: 11428:The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog 11419:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 11265:Wall, Mike (November 16, 2018). 11191: 11144:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 11112:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 11080:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 11048:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 11016:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 10984:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia 10954:Miller, Daniel (April 6, 2017). 10947: 10921: 10895: 10869: 10835: 10805: 10777: 10627: 10619:. March 31, 2015. Archived from 10609: 10593:. Discovery News. Archived from 10582: 10557: 10538: 10509: 10488: 10428: 10280: 10254: 9800: 9608:Wall, Mike (February 26, 2014). 9553: 9497: 9467: 9380: 9182: 9163: 9151: 9139: 8820: 8613: 8492: 8375: 8344: 8281: 8161: 7965: 7823: 7726:. August 6, 2009. Archived from 7696:. August 3, 2009. Archived from 7657: 7635: 7613: 7594: 7564: 7537: 7289: 7236: 6956:. August 8, 2014. Archived from 6855: 6839:. August 2, 2013. Archived from 6792: 6735: 6716:Clark, Stephen (April 4, 2012). 6709: 6424: 6317: 5787:"Overview of the Kepler Mission" 5517:. April 23, 2009. Archived from 5487:. April 20, 2009. Archived from 5457:. April 16, 2009. Archived from 5112:Beatty, Kelly (September 2011). 4582:"Kepler Finds 1,284 New Planets" 4457:Khan, Amina (November 4, 2013). 4042:"New Plan for a Disabled Kepler" 2728:, with a Sun-like star and four 2630: 2439: 2313:of their respective host stars, 1846: 1584:, particularly on stars showing 1580:of various types and performing 1382: 1332:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station 1298:Kepler's launch on March 7, 2009 1096: 1084: 1072: 577:in 2009 to discover Earth-sized 34: 16664:(solar space mission; Aug 2018) 15565:Wide Field and Planetary Camera 15076:indicate missions yet to launch 14145:Habitable zone for complex life 14060:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory 12403:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory 10545:MacRobert, Alan (August 2011). 9026:Wall, Mike (January 11, 2012). 8794:Grant, Andrew (March 8, 2011). 8351:Sasselov, Dimitar (July 2010). 7544:Colon, Knicole (June 9, 2016). 7065:"Kepler Guest Observer Program" 6914:Wall, Mike (November 5, 2013). 6884:"Kepler Mission Manager Update" 6806:. July 24, 2013. Archived from 6254: 6233: 6211: 6190: 6137: 6065: 6008: 5951: 5778: 5753: 5742: 5720:"Kepler Mission Manager Update" 5687:"Kepler Mission Manager Update" 5653: 5631:"Kepler Mission Manager Update" 5563: 5503: 5473: 5443: 5417: 5405:McKee, Maggie (July 24, 2012). 5398: 5380:"Kepler Mission Manager Update" 5378:Hunter, Roger (July 24, 2012). 5371: 5353: 5322: 5272: 5240: 5214: 5183: 5167:. March 6, 2009. Archived from 5052: 5022: 5004:Vacuum & Coating Technology 4991: 4970: 4944: 4914: 4868:. February 2009. Archived from 4817: 4714: 4672: 4608:Cowen, Ron (January 16, 2014). 4153:. NASA Official: Brian Dunbar. 4015: 3821: 3759:. Baen Publishing Enterprises. 3746: 3722:Borucki, W. J. (May 22, 2010). 3682: 3628: 3163: 2915:potentially hazardous asteroids 2758:List of exoplanetary host stars 2668:Citizen scientist participation 1746: 1654:Through other detection methods 1306:Interior illustration of Kepler 920:ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass 816: 170:1,040.7 kg (2,294 lb) 162:1,052.4 kg (2,320 lb) 11363:by NASA's Ames Research Center 11348:by NASA's Ames Research Center 9511:. May 20, 2013. Archived from 8175:. May 15, 2010. Archived from 7436:Khan, Amina (April 11, 2016). 7124:"K2 Campaign Fields – 0 to 13" 6123:"New Kepler Planet Candidates" 6092:"New NASA Kepler Mission Data" 6090:Haas, Michael (May 31, 2013). 5811:Muir, Hazel (April 25, 2007). 5607:. July 7, 2009. Archived from 5577:. May 13, 2009. Archived from 5547:. May 14, 2009. Archived from 5424:DeVore, Edna (April 9, 2009). 4554:. May 10, 2016. Archived from 3994:Wall, Mike (August 15, 2013). 3415: 3154: 3000:List of multiplanetary systems 2770:Confirmed small exoplanets in 2507:, all smaller than the planet 2454:format but may read better as 1899:Scorpius–Centaurus association 1515:, involves observing repeated 1379:of data about once per month. 822:Interactive 3D model of Kepler 675: 510:up: 7.8 bit/s – 2 kbit/s 97: 1: 17518:Space probes launched in 2009 15645:Astrobiology Field Laboratory 13506:List of heliophysics missions 10516:Hand, Eric (April 14, 2010). 4896:"Kepler and K2 data products" 3422:DeVore, Edna (June 9, 2008). 3176: 3017:, the chief investigator for 3010:Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler 2941: 2419:Kepler observed KSN 2011b, a 1605:Artist's impression of Kepler 1314:A 2004 illustration of Kepler 1148: 15711:Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking 15571:Wide Field Infrared Explorer 15255:Soil Moisture Active Passive 15158:Atmospheric infrared sounder 14110:Space Interferometry Mission 11376:Kepler – Tally of Exoplanets 10732:Astronomy & Astrophysics 10670:Astronomy & Astrophysics 8533:10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L150 8416:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/1226 7916:Chen, Rick (March 5, 2019). 6665:Astronomy & Astrophysics 6176:10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L103 6051:10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L169 5994:10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L192 5935:. March 2009. Archived from 5907:10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L109 5329:Ng, Jansen (March 8, 2009). 4214:Wall, Mike (June 14, 2013). 3005:List of stars that dim oddly 2932:classical Kuiper belt object 2883:Kepler has been assigned an 2810:Exoplanets discovered using 2698:, England—to discover a new 2519:, the oldest yet discovered. 1839:Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog 1629:Confirming planet candidates 983:inherent in an Earth orbit. 579:planets orbiting other stars 265:May 12, 2009, 09:01 UTC 7: 17508:Satellites orbiting the Sun 17119:Hyperion proto-supercluster 15230:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 13486:Great Observatories program 11439:by the NASA/JPL PlanetQuest 10763:10.1051/0004-6361/201117095 10701:10.1051/0004-6361/201015764 10051:10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/170 9445:10.1088/2041-8205/770/2/L20 9390:. YouTube. April 18, 2013. 8652:10.1088/0004-637X/738/2/170 8147:10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/117 7222:10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/154 7042:10.1088/0004-6256/149/4/149 6695:10.1051/0004-6361/201424158 5571:"Let the Planet Hunt Begin" 3367:"Kepler: About the Mission" 3288:. NASA/JPL. January 6, 2018 2973: 2936:beyond the orbit of Neptune 2654:SOPHIE échelle spectrograph 2233:a total of 2,321 candidates 1169:Kepler was operated out of 1016:, which is well out of the 521:down: Up to 4.3 Mbit/s 286:November 15, 2018 178:478 kg (1,054 lb) 10: 17544: 15688:Table Mountain Observatory 13984:James Webb Space Telescope 12977:Orbiting Solar Observatory 11367:Kepler public data archive 10240:10.1088/0004-6256/150/2/56 9724:10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/47 9421:(2). IOP Publishing: L20. 8859:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19 8478:10.1088/0004-6256/141/3/83 8237:10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19 8066:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/51 8005:"The Remarkable Kepler-11" 6579:10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/44 6410:10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/45 5749:mission website calculator 4299:10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/10 3026:, online exoplanet catalog 2905:. In 2013 the alternative 2863: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2646:Kepler Objects of Interest 1781:gravitational microlensing 1615:Kepler Objects of Interest 997:pointed to a field in the 836:Herschel Space Observatory 638: 18: 17493:Exoplanet search projects 17349: 17270: 17204: 17173: 17082: 16977: 16752:Asteroid close approaches 16741: 16718: 16695: 16609: 16587: 16537: 16477: 16401: 16357: 16253: 16201: 16100: 16065: 15990: 15935: 15890: 15823: 15781: 15701: 15660: 15637: 15616: 15603:Near-Earth Asteroid Scout 15585: 15514:Solar Mesosphere Explorer 15296: 15193:Large Binocular Telescope 15126: 15120:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 15063: 15017: 15013: 15000: 14932: 14886: 14879: 14868: 14823: 14819: 14806: 14728: 14665: 14658: 14647: 14598: 14499: 14492: 14488: 14475: 14432: 14355: 14288: 14237: 14165: 14140:Discoveries of exoplanets 14127: 14115:Terrestrial Planet Finder 14083: 14032: 13995: 13940: 13858: 13851: 13828: 13595: 13577: 13571:Exoplanet search projects 13529:Category:Space telescopes 13519: 13478: 13333: 13234: 13203: 12456: 12313: 12150: 12053: 11868: 11759: 11593: 11548: 11487: 11480: 11309:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 10786:"Become a Planet Hunter!" 10020:The Astrophysical Journal 9694:The Astrophysical Journal 9192:. MAST. February 27, 2012 8835:(1). IOP Publishing: 19. 8829:The Astrophysical Journal 8622:The Astrophysical Journal 8207:The Astrophysical Journal 8035:The Astrophysical Journal 7576:Kepler Spacecraft Updates 6549:The Astrophysical Journal 6380:The Astrophysical Journal 6146:The Astrophysical Journal 6021:The Astrophysical Journal 5964:The Astrophysical Journal 5877:The Astrophysical Journal 5091:10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/6 4682:. NASA. October 30, 2018. 4269:The Astrophysical Journal 3756:A New American Space Plan 3239:"KASC Scientific Webpage" 2919:Asteroid Redirect Mission 2899:small Solar System bodies 2893:) in order to report its 2879:Solar System observations 2553:F-type main-sequence star 2181:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 2048: 1597:Finding planet candidates 1177:(LASP) under contract to 1103:Relative to Sun and Earth 865: 654:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 581:. Named after astronomer 529: 525: 503: 498: 494: 490: 482: 474: 470:0.95 m (3.1 ft) 466: 456: 448: 444: 440: 424: 414: 404: 394: 384: 374: 364: 354: 344: 331: 320: 310: 305: 301: 297: 282: 277: 273: 269: 261: 251: 238: 227: 211: 206: 202: 198: 190: 182: 174: 166: 158: 148: 143: 139: 135: 125: 107: 94: 73: 59: 49: 45: 33: 17303:(Mars landing; Oct 2018) 17100:MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 16291:Universitetsky-Tatyana-2 15693:Solar System Ambassadors 15520:Spaceborne Imaging Radar 14297:Mysterium Cosmographicum 13491:List of space telescopes 10210:The Astronomical Journal 8448:The Astronomical Journal 7894:10.3847/1538-3881/ab0e8e 7863:The Astronomical Journal 7645:. NASA. November 2, 2018 7623:. NASA. October 27, 2017 7012:The Astronomical Journal 4725:. iTWire. Archived from 3147: 2287:and possibly habitable. 2251:According to a study by 2222:Transit Timing Variation 1679:transit timing variation 1413:Kepler Follow-up Program 1234:Johns Hopkins University 1029:, and also close to the 924:ion assisted evaporation 17124:2MASS J18082002−5104378 16628:(lunar flyby; Apr 2018) 15678:NASA Deep Space Network 15526:Spitzer Space Telescope 15446:Mars Exploration Rovers 15237:Mars Science Laboratory 15164:Deep Space Atomic Clock 10755:2011A&A...533A..83B 10693:2011A&A...528A..63S 8945:"A Bucketful of Worlds" 7785:10.1126/science.1178312 7643:"Kepler by the Numbers" 6687:2014A&A...571A..37S 6295:10.1126/science.1210923 4952:"Kepler Primary Mirror" 4624:Nature Publishing Group 4393:10.1073/pnas.1319909110 3606:10.1126/science.1185402 3310:. NASA. June 26, 2013. 2930:, a 200-kilometer cold 2582: 2463:converting this section 2430: 2343: 2238: 2231:As of 2012, there were 2195: 2089: 2033: 1998: 1728:Spitzer Space Telescope 1586:solar-like oscillations 1270:Reaction wheel failures 930:Photometric performance 876:Petzval field curvature 846:. The photometer has a 711:around smaller, dimmer 597:fuel was depleted, and 595:reaction control system 215:March 7, 2009, 03:49:57 17478:Kepler space telescope 17361:Outer space portal 17342:; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019) 15243:Microwave limb sounder 14623:Moon Mineralogy Mapper 14391:Kepler space telescope 12817:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) 11414:NASA Exoplanet Archive 11408:catalogs and databases 11174:"MAST KIC Search Help" 10161:. NASA. Archived from 10134:. NASA. Archived from 9963:. NASA. Archived from 9178:on September 25, 2011. 9174:. AAAS. Archived from 8323:10.1006/icar.1996.5647 7548:. NASA. Archived from 7521:. NASA. Archived from 7494:. NASA. Archived from 7385:. NASA. Archived from 6922:. Image credit: NASA. 6745:. NASA. Archived from 6077:NASA Exoplanet Archive 5852:. NASA. Archived from 5382:. NASA. Archived from 5224:. NASA. Archived from 4954:. NASA. Archived from 4898:. NASA. Archived from 4244:. NASA. Archived from 3520:"Finder of New Worlds" 3024:NASA Exoplanet Archive 2951: 2807: 2424: 2356: 2273: 2248: 2114: 1991: 1975: 1874: 1756: 1674: 1638: 1606: 1592:Planet finding process 1559:Hubble Space Telescope 1464:Objectives and methods 1434: 1395: 1315: 1307: 1299: 1191:University of Colorado 1166: 964: 956: 911: 879: 823: 813: 644:Pre-launch development 567:Kepler space telescope 396:Argument of perihelion 256:United Launch Alliance 17483:Derelict space probes 17252:C/2018 F4 (PanSTARRS) 15661:Related organizations 14813:New Frontiers program 14736:Enceladus Life Finder 14364:Die Harmonie der Welt 12438:Space Solar Telescope 11361:Kepler Science Center 10909:. Exoplanet Explorers 10531:10.1038/news.2010.182 10188:(Press release). NASA 10165:on September 23, 2020 8979:on September 27, 2011 8769:The Planetary Society 8385:Astrophysical Journal 7984:on September 14, 2011 7953:on September 25, 2012 7192:Astrophysical Journal 6810:on September 22, 2020 6326:Astrophysical Journal 3280:"Kepler (spacecraft)" 2954:On October 30, 2018, 2949: 2769: 2720:, a variation of BBC 2684:In January 2012, the 2418: 2351: 2269: 2246: 2097: 1981: 1958: 1872: 1796:photometric precision 1764:Reaction wheel issues 1754: 1668: 1636: 1604: 1534:The probability of a 1507:, mostly the size of 1421: 1404:celestial coordinates 1393:celestial coordinates 1390: 1313: 1305: 1297: 1156: 1042:fine-guidance sensors 1035:Rare Earth hypothesis 971:, which avoids Earth 962: 954: 947:Orbit and orientation 941:Reaction wheel issues 909: 873: 850:to provide excellent 821: 811: 765:: three of the four, 311:Reference system 219:2009-03-07UTC03:49:57 144:Spacecraft properties 15765:Orbital launches in 15706:JPL Science Division 15440:Mars Global Surveyor 15408:Mars Climate Orbiter 14405:Astronomers Monument 13511:List of planetariums 12413:NRO donation to NASA 11241:"506121 (2016 BP81)" 10853:. January 20, 2012. 10623:on October 19, 2011. 10597:on November 12, 2012 10578:on October 15, 2011. 10413:10.1093/mnras/stw218 10138:on February 24, 2015 8943:(February 3, 2011). 7298:Astronomical Journal 7245:Astronomical Journal 6637:10.1093/mnras/stu601 6527:on February 26, 2014 6229:on January 28, 2013. 4932:on February 17, 2013 4248:on February 26, 2014 3931:on September 7, 2018 3487:(October 30, 2018). 2872:Kepler Input Catalog 2866:Kepler Input Catalog 2860:Kepler Input Catalog 2740:Confirmed exoplanets 2640:Follow-ups by others 2220:-sized planets. The 2210:stellar super-flares 2065:Ames Research Center 1800:supernova explosions 1686:Circumbinary planets 1660:doppler spectroscopy 1622:Circumbinary planets 1290:Operational timeline 682:Ames Research Center 17381:2019 in outer space 17376:2018 in outer space 17371:2017 in outer space 17111:541132 Leleākūhonua 14713:Io Volcano Observer 14681:Titan Mare Explorer 14280:Keplerian telescope 14150:Lists of exoplanets 13921:detected exoplanets 13207:(Mission completed) 11489:Radio and Microwave 11384:; October 30, 2018) 11245:Minor Planet Center 11151:on February 8, 2012 11087:on January 19, 2012 10991:on January 11, 2012 10850:The Daily Telegraph 10641:on October 16, 2009 10475:on October 16, 2009 10404:2016MNRAS.457.3988B 10317:The Washington Post 10232:2015AJ....150...56J 10043:2015ApJ...799..170C 9967:on November 8, 2020 9906:on November 5, 2014 9834:2014PASP..126..914C 9716:2014ApJ...787...47S 9437:2013ApJ...770L..20K 9088:10.1038/nature10684 9080:2012Natur.481..167C 8851:2011ApJ...736...19B 8775:on February 5, 2011 8644:2011ApJ...738..170M 8525:2010ApJ...713L.150R 8470:2011AJ....141...83P 8408:2010ApJ...725.1226S 8315:1997Icar..126..261W 8288:Ward, W.R. (1997). 8274:1993QJRAS..34....1W 8229:2011ApJ...736...19B 8058:2010ApJ...715...51V 8009:Tau Zero Foundation 7978:Sky & Telescope 7885:2019AJ....157..192C 7777:2009Sci...325..709B 7582:on November 9, 2020 7525:on November 8, 2020 7498:on November 8, 2020 7389:on November 8, 2020 7320:2002AJ....124.1670M 7267:1999AJ....117..354D 7214:2012ApJ...746..154P 7177:2014IBVS.6108....1M 7034:2015AJ....149..149B 6628:2014MNRAS.441..983D 6571:2014ApJ...784...44L 6455:2015PASP..127.1113A 6402:2014ApJ...784...45R 6348:2003ApJ...595..429J 6287:2011Sci...333.1602D 6271:(6049): 1602–1606. 6168:2010ApJ...713L.103B 6043:2010ApJ...713L.169C 5986:2010ApJ...713L.192G 5899:2010ApJ...713L.109B 5310:on October 27, 2020 5280:"NASA Astrobiology" 5260:on October 27, 2020 5120:on October 22, 2013 5083:2011ApJS..197....6G 4768:2010SPIE.7731E..17C 4729:on December 4, 2008 4632:2014Natur.505..274C 4384:2013PNAS..11019273P 4368:(48): 19273–19278. 4291:2015ApJ...804...10C 3598:2010Sci...327..977B 3549:(January 6, 2015). 2903:Minor Planet Center 1808:Solar-System bodies 1398:Kepler has a fixed 1238:Baltimore, Maryland 1079:Relative to the Sun 1062:Animation of Kepler 975:, stray light, and 625:main sequence stars 356:Perihelion altitude 129:Planned: 3.5 years 30: 21:Keplerian telescope 17322:arrival; Dec 2018) 17286:arrival; Jun 2018) 17247:38P/Stephan–Oterma 17227:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon) 17217:C/2017 T1 (Heinze) 16661:Parker Solar Probe 14766:Mars Geyser Hopper 14709:Mission 15 and 16 14275:Kepler's Supernova 14065:New Worlds Mission 13144:Suzaku (Astro-EII) 12969:OAO-3 (Copernicus) 12953:Mikhailo Lomonosov 12801:Hinotori (Astro-A) 12408:New Worlds Mission 11055:on January 1, 2012 11023:on January 1, 2012 10883:. January 18, 2012 10502:The New York Times 10267:The New York Times 10027:(2). article 170. 9998:on January 2, 2015 9671:The New York Times 9541:on August 26, 2020 9366:The New York Times 9255:on January 3, 2013 8898:on March 16, 2012. 8716:The New York Times 8179:on August 11, 2010 7837:. November 4, 2009 7552:on August 14, 2016 6493:. December 5, 2011 6439:(957): 1113–1130. 5939:on August 20, 2007 5856:on August 25, 2009 5386:on January 6, 2021 5248:"Kepler press kit" 5228:on October 6, 2020 4902:on January 7, 2016 4587:The New York Times 4438:on October 6, 2014 4330:The New York Times 4222:. TechMediaNetwork 4047:The New York Times 4029:. August 16, 2013. 3962:The New York Times 3889:The New York Times 3669:The New York Times 3556:The New York Times 3525:The New York Times 3494:The New York Times 3403:on August 10, 2011 3015:William J. Borucki 2995:List of exoplanets 2970:'s death in 1630. 2952: 2911:near-Earth objects 2808: 2762:List of exoplanets 2734:citizen scientists 2576:alien civilization 2465:, if appropriate. 2425: 2399:eclipsing binaries 2357: 2249: 2115: 2086:in their systems. 1992: 1976: 1930:Deep Space Network 1897:, and part of the 1875: 1757: 1717:Through validation 1696:, they go through 1675: 1639: 1607: 1563:10 sq. arc-minutes 1521:apparent magnitude 1435: 1396: 1316: 1308: 1300: 1167: 979:perturbations and 965: 957: 912: 880: 824: 814: 629:analyzed to detect 591:William J. Borucki 587:heliocentric orbit 306:Orbital parameters 28: 17503:NASA space probes 17488:Discovery Program 17395: 17394: 17389: 17388: 17271:Space exploration 17242:64P/Swift–Gehrels 17054:(refuted in 2021) 16549: 16548: 15724: 15723: 15683:Goldstone Complex 15638:Canceled missions 15617:Proposed missions 15434:Mars Polar Lander 15086: 15085: 15059: 15058: 15055: 15054: 15051: 15050: 15035:JUICE instruments 14996: 14995: 14992: 14991: 14988: 14987: 14866: 14865: 14802: 14801: 14798: 14797: 14794: 14793: 14688:Mission 13 and 14 14645: 14644: 14482:Discovery program 14419: 14418: 14411:List of namesakes 14337:Rudolphine Tables 14265:Kepler's equation 14245:Kepler conjecture 14238:Scientific career 14197: 14196: 14135:Detection methods 14123: 14122: 13537: 13536: 13435:SIM & SIMlite 12809:Hisaki (SPRINT-A) 12769:Hakucho (CORSA-b) 12328:Astro-1 Telescope 12146: 12145: 11423:Paris Observatory 10551:Sky and Telescope 9937:on April 17, 2018 9875:on August 1, 2014 9788:on August 1, 2014 9223:on April 21, 2020 9064:(7380): 167–169. 8801:Discover Magazine 8687:on April 29, 2011 8601:on March 10, 2012 8568:on March 10, 2012 7730:on April 18, 2020 7443:Los Angeles Times 7134:on April 26, 2014 5697:on April 17, 2020 5551:on August 4, 2020 5461:on April 18, 2009 5341:on March 10, 2009 5171:on March 15, 2009 5163:(Press release). 4875:on March 10, 2009 4793:on July 21, 2011. 4776:10.1117/12.856638 4464:Los Angeles Times 3832:. Spaceflight Now 3766:978-1-61824-961-6 3592:(5968): 977–980. 3216:on March 10, 2009 2484: 2483: 2421:Type Ia supernova 2265:planetary systems 1965:open star cluster 1790:Second Light (K2) 1470:planetary systems 1321:high-gain antenna 1232:on the campus of 1171:Boulder, Colorado 1091:Relative to Earth 804:Spacecraft design 761:of their related 709:habitable planets 687:noise in the data 666:high-gain antenna 650:Discovery Program 563: 562: 538:Discovery program 431:January 1, 2018 ( 366:Aphelion altitude 17535: 17523:Space telescopes 17460: 17459: 17458: 17448: 17447: 17446: 17436: 17435: 17434: 17424: 17423: 17412: 17411: 17410: 17403: 17369: 17368: 17359: 17358: 17357: 17338:(encounter with 17210: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17149: 17138: 17136: 17135: 17115: 17106:moons of Jupiter 17059:EPIC 211945201 b 17055: 17051:Barnard's Star b 16985: 16970: 16968: 16967: 16963:(163899) 2003 SD 16958: 16956: 16955: 16946: 16944: 16943: 16934: 16932: 16931: 16922: 16920: 16919: 16910: 16908: 16907: 16898: 16896: 16895: 16886: 16884: 16883: 16869: 16867: 16866: 16857: 16855: 16854: 16850:(505657) 2014 SR 16845: 16843: 16842: 16838:(276033) 2002 AJ 16823: 16821: 16820: 16801: 16799: 16798: 16789: 16787: 16786: 16777: 16775: 16774: 16765: 16763: 16762: 16733:Kamchatka meteor 16713: 16707: 16701: 16686:(mission to the 16636:(mission to the 16619: 16576: 16569: 16562: 16553: 16552: 15953:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 15770: 15769: 15768: 15751: 15744: 15737: 15728: 15727: 15586:Planned missions 15577:Lunar Flashlight 15188:Keck observatory 15127:Current missions 15113: 15106: 15099: 15090: 15089: 15019: 15018: 15015: 15014: 15002: 15001: 14884: 14883: 14874: 14825: 14824: 14821: 14820: 14808: 14807: 14663: 14662: 14653: 14517:Lunar Prospector 14497: 14496: 14490: 14489: 14477: 14476: 14459: 14452: 14445: 14436: 14435: 14423: 14422: 14371:Katharina Kepler 14329:Harmonices Mundi 14270:Kepler polyhedra 14224: 14217: 14210: 14201: 14200: 14185: 14184: 14173: 14172: 14025: 14017: 14009: 13988: 13980: 13970: 13962: 13954: 13933: 13923: 13916: 13908: 13905: 13892: 13884: 13881: 13870: 13856: 13855: 13846: 13840: 13834: 13638:FINDS Exo-Earths 13564: 13557: 13550: 13541: 13540: 13527: 13526: 13326: 13322:Hitomi (Astro-H) 13318: 13310: 13302: 13294: 13286: 13278: 13270: 13262: 13254: 13246: 13227: 13219: 13208: 13196: 13188: 13180: 13172: 13164: 13156: 13148: 13140: 13132: 13124: 13116: 13108: 13100: 13092: 13084: 13076: 13068: 13060: 13052: 13044: 13036: 13028: 12973: 12965: 12957: 12949: 12941: 12933: 12925: 12917: 12909: 12901: 12893: 12885: 12877: 12869: 12861: 12853: 12845: 12837: 12829: 12821: 12813: 12805: 12797: 12789: 12781: 12773: 12765: 12757: 12749: 12741: 12733: 12725: 12717: 12709: 12701: 12693: 12685: 12677: 12669: 12661: 12653: 12645: 12637: 12629: 12621: 12613: 12605: 12597: 12572: 12564: 12556: 12548: 12540: 12532: 12524: 12516: 12508: 12500: 12492: 12484: 12476: 12468: 12306: 12298: 12290: 12282: 12274: 12266: 12258: 12250: 12242: 12234: 12226: 12218: 12210: 12202: 12194: 12186: 12178: 12170: 12162: 12139: 12131: 12123: 12115: 12107: 12099: 12091: 12083: 12075: 12067: 12056:or unclassified) 12046: 12038: 12030: 12022: 12014: 12006: 11998: 11990: 11982: 11974: 11966: 11958: 11950: 11942: 11934: 11926: 11918: 11910: 11902: 11894: 11886: 11861: 11853: 11845: 11837: 11829: 11821: 11813: 11805: 11801:Hinode (Solar-B) 11797: 11789: 11781: 11773: 11752: 11744: 11736: 11728: 11720: 11712: 11704: 11696: 11692:Hinode (Solar-B) 11688: 11680: 11672: 11664: 11656: 11648: 11640: 11632: 11624: 11615: 11607: 11586: 11578: 11570: 11562: 11541: 11533: 11525: 11517: 11509: 11501: 11485: 11484: 11474:Space telescopes 11467: 11460: 11453: 11444: 11443: 11437:New Worlds Atlas 11395: 11347: 11346: 11344:Official website 11329: 11328: 11323: 11321: 11299: 11293: 11292: 11286: 11284: 11262: 11256: 11255: 11253: 11251: 11237: 11231: 11230: 11228: 11216: 11210: 11209: 11207: 11205: 11195: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11184: 11170: 11161: 11160: 11158: 11156: 11147:. Archived from 11135: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11119:on June 16, 2012 11115:. Archived from 11103: 11097: 11096: 11094: 11092: 11083:. Archived from 11071: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11051:. Archived from 11039: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11028: 11019:. Archived from 11007: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10987:. Archived from 10974: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10925: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10899: 10893: 10892: 10890: 10888: 10873: 10867: 10866: 10864: 10862: 10846: 10839: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10823:on July 21, 2011 10819:. Archived from 10809: 10803: 10802: 10800: 10798: 10781: 10775: 10774: 10748: 10722: 10713: 10712: 10686: 10660: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10637:. Archived from 10631: 10625: 10624: 10613: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10602: 10586: 10580: 10579: 10577: 10571:. Archived from 10570: 10561: 10555: 10554: 10542: 10536: 10535: 10533: 10513: 10507: 10506: 10492: 10486: 10484: 10482: 10480: 10471:. Archived from 10461: 10455: 10454: 10449: 10447: 10438:. Archived from 10432: 10426: 10425: 10415: 10397: 10388:(4): 3988–4004. 10371: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10360: 10343: 10337: 10336: 10334: 10332: 10307: 10301: 10300: 10298: 10296: 10284: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10273: 10258: 10252: 10251: 10225: 10204: 10198: 10197: 10195: 10193: 10181: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10127: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10116: 10099: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10082:Associated Press 10069: 10063: 10062: 10036: 10014: 10008: 10007: 10005: 10003: 9994:. Archived from 9983: 9977: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9956: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9933:. Archived from 9922: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9911: 9902:. Archived from 9891: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9880: 9871:. Archived from 9860: 9854: 9853: 9827: 9818:(944): 914–922. 9804: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9793: 9784:. Archived from 9773: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9762: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9709: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9661: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9633: 9627: 9626: 9624: 9622: 9605: 9599: 9598: 9592: 9590: 9575: 9569: 9568: 9557: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9537:. Archived from 9531: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9471: 9465: 9464: 9430: 9410: 9404: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9384: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9373: 9356: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9336:. Archived from 9325: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9299: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9271: 9265: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9239: 9233: 9232: 9230: 9228: 9219:. Archived from 9208: 9202: 9201: 9199: 9197: 9186: 9180: 9179: 9167: 9161: 9155: 9149: 9143: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9117: 9108: 9107: 9073: 9051: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9040: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9012: 8995: 8989: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8959: 8957: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8917:. Archived from 8906: 8900: 8899: 8888: 8879: 8878: 8844: 8824: 8818: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8808:on March 9, 2011 8804:. Archived from 8791: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8771:. Archived from 8760: 8754: 8753: 8751: 8749: 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8706: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8673: 8664: 8663: 8637: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8587: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8554: 8545: 8544: 8518: 8509:(2): L150–L154. 8496: 8490: 8489: 8463: 8442: 8436: 8435: 8401: 8392:(1): 1226–1241. 8379: 8373: 8372: 8370: 8368: 8363:on July 27, 2010 8359:. Archived from 8348: 8342: 8341: 8339: 8337: 8332:on June 14, 2011 8331: 8325:. Archived from 8294: 8285: 8279: 8277: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8222: 8202: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8184: 8165: 8159: 8158: 8140: 8128: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8107:on March 2, 2012 8103:. Archived from 8092: 8086: 8085: 8051: 8029: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7980:. Archived from 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7896: 7878: 7853: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7686: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7639: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7514: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7487: 7481: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7422: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7394: 7378: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7357:. Release 14-335 7346: 7340: 7339: 7313: 7311:astro-ph/0205417 7304:(3): 1670–1694. 7293: 7287: 7286: 7260: 7258:astro-ph/9809227 7240: 7234: 7233: 7207: 7187: 7181: 7180: 7170: 7150: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7130:. Archived from 7119: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7103: 7098:on June 13, 2014 7092:"K2 Performance" 7087: 7081: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7071:on June 13, 2014 7060: 7054: 7053: 7027: 7007: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6976: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6935: 6924:TechMediaNetwork 6911: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6890:on July 31, 2020 6880: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6859: 6853: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6843:on July 25, 2020 6829: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6796: 6790: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6780:on March 1, 2013 6776:. Archived from 6770: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754: 6749:on July 31, 2020 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6680: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6639: 6621: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6564: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6534: 6532: 6523:. Archived from 6512: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6481: 6475: 6474: 6448: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6395: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6341: 6339:astro-ph/0305473 6332:(595): 429–445. 6321: 6315: 6314: 6280: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6161: 6152:(2): L103–L108. 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6036: 6027:(2): L169–L175. 6012: 6006: 6005: 5979: 5970:(2): L192–L197. 5955: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5925: 5919: 5918: 5892: 5883:(2): L109–L114. 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5845: 5830: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5791: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5757: 5751: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5730:on July 23, 2020 5716: 5707: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5667:on July 21, 2011 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5581:on July 28, 2020 5567: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5521:on July 22, 2016 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5491:on March 3, 2016 5477: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5337:. Archived from 5326: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5309: 5303:. Archived from 5302: 5296:Kepler press kit 5290: 5284: 5283: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5259: 5253:. Archived from 5252: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5218: 5212: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5202:on June 22, 2007 5198:. Archived from 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5157: 5148: 5147: 5146:on July 7, 2012. 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5076: 5056: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5045: 5040:on June 16, 2013 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4963: 4958:on June 18, 2020 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4928:. Archived from 4918: 4912: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4874: 4863: 4855: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4808: 4804: 4802: 4794: 4792: 4786:. Archived from 4757: 4748: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4643: 4605: 4599: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4580:(May 10, 2016). 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4518: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4487: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4405: 4395: 4377: 4351: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4320: 4311: 4310: 4284: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4180: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4146: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4112: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4072: 4059: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4037: 4031: 4030: 4019: 4013: 4012: 4010: 4008: 3991: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3952: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3921: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3880: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3861:on July 11, 2023 3857:. Archived from 3851: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3780: 3771: 3770: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3734:on July 21, 2011 3730:. Archived from 3719: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3660: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3583: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3518:(May 12, 2013). 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3481: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3450: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3392: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3363: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3333: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3276: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3235: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3215: 3208: 3196: 3170: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3142: 3134: 3126: 3118: 3110: 3102: 3085: 3077: 3069: 3061: 3051: 3043: 2928: 2924:(506121) 2016 BP 2913:, in particular 2897:observations of 2892: 2885:observatory code 2816: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2461:You can help by 2443: 2442: 2435: 2263:, suggests that 2214:Carrington event 1985: 1982:Detail of Kepler 1962: 1959:Detail of Kepler 1938: 1850: 1582:asteroseismology 1142: 1137: 1128: 1123: 1114: 1112: 1100: 1088: 1076: 1065: 820: 730:orbiting in the 534: 436: 293: 291: 222: 220: 207:Start of mission 126:Mission duration 121: 118: 116: 114: 99: 90: 89: 83: 38: 31: 27: 17543: 17542: 17538: 17537: 17536: 17534: 17533: 17532: 17468: 17467: 17466: 17456: 17454: 17444: 17442: 17432: 17430: 17418: 17408: 17406: 17398: 17396: 17391: 17390: 17385: 17355: 17353: 17345: 17340:486958 Arrokoth 17266: 17200: 17169: 17153: 17147: 17146: 17143: 17133: 17132: 17129: 17113: 17090:LSPM J0207+3331 17078: 17053: 16973: 16965: 16964: 16961: 16953: 16952: 16949: 16941: 16940: 16937: 16929: 16928: 16925: 16917: 16916: 16913: 16905: 16904: 16901: 16893: 16892: 16889: 16881: 16880: 16877: 16864: 16863: 16860: 16852: 16851: 16848: 16840: 16839: 16836: 16818: 16817: 16814: 16796: 16795: 16792: 16784: 16783: 16780: 16772: 16771: 16768: 16760: 16759: 16756: 16737: 16714: 16708: 16702: 16693: 16612: 16605: 16602: 16596: 16583: 16580: 16550: 16545: 16540: 16533: 16473: 16418:Progress M-MIM2 16397: 16353: 16249: 16197: 16096: 16061: 15986: 15931: 15886: 15819: 15777: 15776: 15766: 15764: 15763: 15761: 15755: 15725: 15720: 15697: 15656: 15633: 15612: 15581: 15428:Mars Pathfinder 15305:Cassini-Huygens 15292: 15272:Voyager program 15122: 15117: 15087: 15082: 15047: 15009: 14984: 14928: 14875: 14862: 14815: 14790: 14781:Phobos Surveyor 14741:Icebreaker Life 14724: 14654: 14641: 14594: 14512:Mars Pathfinder 14484: 14471: 14463: 14428: 14420: 14415: 14397:Johannes Kepler 14351: 14324:(1618, 1620-21) 14313:Astronomia nova 14284: 14260:Kepler triangle 14233: 14231:Johannes Kepler 14228: 14198: 14193: 14161: 14119: 14079: 14028: 14023: 14015: 14007: 13991: 13986: 13978: 13968: 13960: 13952: 13936: 13931: 13919: 13914: 13906: 13898: 13890: 13882: 13876: 13868: 13847: 13841: 13835: 13826: 13591: 13573: 13568: 13538: 13533: 13515: 13501:X-ray telescope 13474: 13356:Constellation-X 13329: 13324: 13316: 13308: 13300: 13292: 13284: 13276: 13268: 13260: 13252: 13244: 13230: 13225: 13217: 13206: 13205: 13199: 13194: 13192:Yokoh (Solar-A) 13186: 13178: 13170: 13162: 13160:Tenma (Astro-B) 13154: 13146: 13138: 13130: 13122: 13114: 13106: 13098: 13090: 13082: 13074: 13066: 13058: 13050: 13042: 13034: 13026: 12971: 12963: 12955: 12947: 12939: 12931: 12923: 12921:LISA Pathfinder 12915: 12907: 12899: 12891: 12883: 12875: 12867: 12859: 12851: 12843: 12835: 12827: 12819: 12811: 12803: 12795: 12787: 12779: 12777:HALCA (MUSES-B) 12771: 12763: 12755: 12753:Ginga (Astro-C) 12747: 12739: 12731: 12723: 12715: 12707: 12699: 12691: 12683: 12675: 12667: 12659: 12651: 12643: 12635: 12627: 12619: 12611: 12603: 12595: 12570: 12562: 12554: 12546: 12538: 12530: 12522: 12514: 12506: 12498: 12490: 12482: 12474: 12472:Akari (Astro-F) 12466: 12452: 12309: 12304: 12296: 12288: 12280: 12272: 12264: 12256: 12248: 12240: 12232: 12224: 12216: 12208: 12200: 12192: 12184: 12176: 12168: 12160: 12142: 12137: 12129: 12121: 12113: 12105: 12097: 12089: 12081: 12073: 12065: 12055: 12054:Other (particle 12049: 12044: 12036: 12028: 12020: 12012: 12004: 11996: 11988: 11980: 11972: 11964: 11956: 11948: 11940: 11932: 11924: 11916: 11908: 11900: 11892: 11884: 11864: 11859: 11851: 11843: 11835: 11827: 11819: 11811: 11803: 11795: 11787: 11779: 11771: 11755: 11750: 11742: 11734: 11726: 11718: 11710: 11702: 11694: 11686: 11678: 11670: 11662: 11654: 11646: 11638: 11630: 11622: 11613: 11605: 11589: 11584: 11576: 11568: 11560: 11544: 11539: 11531: 11523: 11515: 11507: 11499: 11476: 11471: 11393: 11342: 11341: 11338: 11333: 11332: 11319: 11317: 11300: 11296: 11282: 11280: 11263: 11259: 11249: 11247: 11239: 11238: 11234: 11217: 11213: 11203: 11201: 11197: 11196: 11192: 11182: 11180: 11172: 11171: 11164: 11154: 11152: 11139:"Star: KOI-961" 11137: 11136: 11132: 11122: 11120: 11107:"Star: KOI-730" 11105: 11104: 11100: 11090: 11088: 11075:"Star: KOI-254" 11073: 11072: 11068: 11058: 11056: 11043:"Star: KOI-204" 11041: 11040: 11036: 11026: 11024: 11011:"Star: KOI-135" 11009: 11008: 11004: 10994: 10992: 10979:"Star: KOI-196" 10977:Dedieu, Cyril. 10975: 10971: 10961: 10959: 10952: 10948: 10938: 10936: 10935:. April 7, 2017 10927: 10926: 10922: 10912: 10910: 10903:"We Got One!!!" 10901: 10900: 10896: 10886: 10884: 10875: 10874: 10870: 10860: 10858: 10841: 10840: 10836: 10826: 10824: 10811: 10810: 10806: 10796: 10794: 10782: 10778: 10728: 10723: 10716: 10661: 10654: 10644: 10642: 10633: 10632: 10628: 10615: 10614: 10610: 10600: 10598: 10587: 10583: 10575: 10568: 10562: 10558: 10543: 10539: 10514: 10510: 10493: 10489: 10478: 10476: 10463: 10462: 10458: 10445: 10443: 10442:on May 27, 2010 10434: 10433: 10429: 10372: 10368: 10358: 10356: 10344: 10340: 10330: 10328: 10308: 10304: 10294: 10292: 10285: 10281: 10271: 10269: 10259: 10255: 10205: 10201: 10191: 10189: 10182: 10178: 10168: 10166: 10155: 10151: 10141: 10139: 10128: 10124: 10114: 10112: 10100: 10096: 10086: 10084: 10070: 10066: 10015: 10011: 10001: 9999: 9984: 9980: 9970: 9968: 9957: 9950: 9940: 9938: 9923: 9919: 9909: 9907: 9892: 9888: 9878: 9876: 9861: 9857: 9805: 9801: 9791: 9789: 9774: 9770: 9760: 9758: 9743: 9739: 9690: 9686: 9676: 9674: 9662: 9658: 9648: 9646: 9634: 9630: 9620: 9618: 9606: 9602: 9588: 9586: 9577: 9576: 9572: 9559: 9558: 9554: 9544: 9542: 9533: 9532: 9528: 9518: 9516: 9515:on July 5, 2014 9503: 9502: 9498: 9488: 9486: 9473: 9472: 9468: 9411: 9407: 9397: 9395: 9386: 9385: 9381: 9371: 9369: 9357: 9353: 9343: 9341: 9326: 9322: 9312: 9310: 9309:on July 5, 2015 9301: 9300: 9296: 9286: 9284: 9272: 9268: 9258: 9256: 9241: 9240: 9236: 9226: 9224: 9209: 9205: 9195: 9193: 9188: 9187: 9183: 9168: 9164: 9156: 9152: 9144: 9140: 9130: 9128: 9119: 9118: 9111: 9052: 9048: 9038: 9036: 9024: 9020: 9010: 9008: 8996: 8992: 8982: 8980: 8969: 8965: 8955: 8953: 8950:Huffington Post 8938: 8934: 8924: 8922: 8921:on May 16, 2020 8907: 8903: 8890: 8889: 8882: 8825: 8821: 8811: 8809: 8792: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8761: 8757: 8747: 8745: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8707: 8700: 8690: 8688: 8675: 8674: 8667: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8589: 8588: 8581: 8571: 8569: 8556: 8555: 8548: 8497: 8493: 8443: 8439: 8380: 8376: 8366: 8364: 8349: 8345: 8335: 8333: 8329: 8292: 8286: 8282: 8256: 8252: 8203: 8192: 8182: 8180: 8167: 8166: 8162: 8129: 8120: 8110: 8108: 8093: 8089: 8030: 8023: 8013: 8011: 8001: 7997: 7987: 7985: 7970: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7947:Sciencenews.org 7941: 7940: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7914: 7910: 7854: 7850: 7840: 7838: 7829: 7828: 7824: 7747: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7718: 7717: 7713: 7703: 7701: 7700:on May 11, 2020 7688: 7687: 7683: 7673: 7671: 7663: 7662: 7658: 7648: 7646: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7626: 7624: 7619: 7618: 7614: 7599: 7595: 7585: 7583: 7572:"Kepler and K2" 7570: 7569: 7565: 7555: 7553: 7542: 7538: 7528: 7526: 7515: 7511: 7501: 7499: 7488: 7484: 7474: 7472: 7470:Spaceflight Now 7462: 7458: 7448: 7446: 7434: 7430: 7420: 7418: 7406: 7402: 7392: 7390: 7379: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7347: 7343: 7294: 7290: 7241: 7237: 7188: 7184: 7151: 7147: 7137: 7135: 7120: 7111: 7101: 7099: 7088: 7084: 7074: 7072: 7061: 7057: 7008: 7004: 6994: 6992: 6977: 6973: 6963: 6961: 6960:on May 10, 2020 6948: 6947: 6943: 6933: 6931: 6912: 6903: 6893: 6891: 6882: 6881: 6877: 6860: 6856: 6846: 6844: 6831: 6830: 6823: 6813: 6811: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6772: 6771: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6722:Spaceflight Now 6714: 6710: 6657: 6653: 6612:(2): 983–1004. 6598: 6594: 6544: 6540: 6530: 6528: 6513: 6506: 6496: 6494: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6429: 6425: 6375: 6371: 6322: 6318: 6259: 6255: 6238: 6234: 6217: 6216: 6212: 6195: 6191: 6142: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6119: 6115: 6105: 6103: 6088: 6084: 6071: 6070: 6066: 6013: 6009: 5962:observations". 5956: 5952: 5942: 5940: 5927: 5926: 5922: 5873: 5869: 5859: 5857: 5846: 5833: 5823: 5821: 5809: 5805: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5759: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5743: 5733: 5731: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5670: 5668: 5659: 5658: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5641:on May 10, 2020 5629: 5628: 5624: 5614: 5612: 5611:on May 28, 2010 5599: 5598: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5554: 5552: 5539: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5464: 5462: 5449: 5448: 5444: 5434: 5432: 5422: 5418: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5376: 5372: 5364: 5358: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5307: 5300: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5250: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5231: 5229: 5220: 5219: 5215: 5205: 5203: 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5159: 5158: 5151: 5138: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5110: 5106: 5057: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5010:on May 12, 2013 4996: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4961: 4959: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4905: 4903: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4861: 4857: 4856: 4841: 4831: 4829: 4822: 4818: 4806: 4805: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4755: 4749: 4742: 4732: 4730: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4691: 4687: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4641:10.1038/505274a 4606: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4578:Overbay, Dennis 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4488: 4479: 4469: 4467: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4424: 4423: 4419: 4352: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4321: 4314: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4223: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4181: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4147: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4113: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4073: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4038: 4034: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4006: 4004: 3992: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3953: 3944: 3934: 3932: 3923: 3922: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3882: 3881: 3874: 3864: 3862: 3853: 3852: 3845: 3835: 3833: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3805: 3795: 3793: 3792:. March 7, 2009 3782: 3781: 3774: 3767: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3720: 3709: 3699: 3697: 3696:. March 6, 2014 3688: 3687: 3683: 3673: 3671: 3661: 3654: 3644: 3642: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3581: 3575: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3547:Overbye, Dennis 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3516:Overbye, Dennis 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3485:Overbye, Dennis 3482: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3451: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3420: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3393: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3373:on May 20, 2011 3365: 3364: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3337:"Kepler Launch" 3335: 3334: 3327: 3317: 3315: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3278: 3277: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3237: 3236: 3229: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3206: 3198: 3197: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3132: 3124: 3116: 3108: 3100: 3088: 3083: 3075: 3067: 3059: 3049: 3041: 3029: 2976: 2968:Johannes Kepler 2944: 2927: 2923: 2888: 2881: 2868: 2862: 2814: 2772:habitable zones 2764: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2722:Stargazing Live 2718:Stargazing Live 2713:In April 2017, 2691:Stargazing Live 2670: 2652:data using the 2650:radial velocity 2642: 2633: 2585: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2460: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2374:habitable zones 2346: 2311:habitable zones 2241: 2198: 2185:habitable zones 2092: 2036: 2001: 1988:Celestial north 1983: 1972:Celestial north 1960: 1953: 1951:Mission results 1936: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1856: 1851: 1837:, standing for 1792: 1770:reaction wheels 1766: 1749: 1719: 1706:doppler beaming 1671:Celestial north 1656: 1631: 1599: 1594: 1539:planetary orbit 1525:semi-major axis 1466: 1408:celestial north 1385: 1358:processor reset 1292: 1276:reaction wheels 1272: 1226: 1224:Data management 1210: 1199: 1151: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1135: 1134: 1121: 1120: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1050:reaction wheels 1023:Galactic Center 993:Until 2013 the 949: 932: 904: 868: 806: 759:habitable zones 732:habitable zones 691:reaction wheels 678: 646: 641: 617:habitable zones 583:Johannes Kepler 571:space telescope 559: 558: 550: 541: 518: 513: 511: 475:Collecting area 430: 420:0.96626 deg/day 333:Semi-major axis 289: 287: 262:Entered service 218: 216: 194:1100 watts 130: 111: 84: 79: 54:Space telescope 41: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17541: 17531: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17465: 17464: 17452: 17440: 17428: 17416: 17393: 17392: 17387: 17386: 17384: 17383: 17363: 17350: 17347: 17346: 17344: 17343: 17331: 17323: 17313: 17304: 17296: 17287: 17274: 17272: 17268: 17267: 17265: 17264: 17259: 17254: 17249: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17213: 17211: 17202: 17201: 17199: 17198: 17192: 17191:(Nova Carinae) 17186: 17179: 17177: 17171: 17170: 17168: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17140: 17126: 17121: 17116: 17108: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17086: 17084: 17080: 17079: 17077: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17061: 17056: 17048: 17043: 17038: 17033: 17028: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17003: 17001:Kepler-1625b I 16994: 16988: 16986: 16975: 16974: 16972: 16971: 16959: 16947: 16935: 16923: 16911: 16899: 16887: 16875: 16870: 16858: 16846: 16834: 16829: 16824: 16812: 16807: 16802: 16790: 16778: 16766: 16754: 16748: 16746: 16739: 16738: 16736: 16735: 16730: 16724: 16722: 16716: 16715: 16696: 16694: 16692: 16691: 16677: 16665: 16657: 16641: 16629: 16622: 16620: 16607: 16606: 16604: 16603: 16597: 16591: 16588: 16585: 16584: 16579: 16578: 16571: 16564: 16556: 16547: 16546: 16542:Crewed flights 16538: 16535: 16534: 16532: 16531: 16526: 16519: 16514: 16505: 16492: 16487: 16481: 16479: 16475: 16474: 16472: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16430: 16425: 16415: 16405: 16403: 16399: 16398: 16396: 16395: 16386: 16381: 16379:Progress M-03M 16376: 16371: 16361: 16359: 16355: 16354: 16352: 16351: 16344: 16327: 16298: 16293: 16268: 16263: 16257: 16255: 16251: 16250: 16248: 16247: 16242: 16230: 16225: 16216: 16211: 16205: 16203: 16199: 16198: 16196: 16195: 16170: 16165: 16156: 16128: 16123: 16110: 16104: 16102: 16098: 16097: 16095: 16094: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16069: 16067: 16063: 16062: 16060: 16059: 16052: 16047: 16026: 16021: 16012: 16005: 16003:Progress M-02M 16000: 15994: 15992: 15988: 15987: 15985: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15939: 15937: 15933: 15932: 15930: 15929: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15900: 15894: 15892: 15888: 15887: 15885: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15852: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15827: 15825: 15821: 15820: 15818: 15817: 15812: 15795: 15785: 15783: 15779: 15778: 15772: 15757: 15754: 15753: 15746: 15739: 15731: 15722: 15721: 15719: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15702: 15699: 15698: 15696: 15695: 15690: 15685: 15680: 15675: 15670: 15664: 15662: 15658: 15657: 15655: 15654: 15648: 15641: 15639: 15635: 15634: 15632: 15631: 15626: 15620: 15618: 15614: 15613: 15611: 15610: 15605: 15600: 15595: 15593:Europa Clipper 15589: 15587: 15583: 15582: 15580: 15579: 15574: 15568: 15562: 15557: 15550: 15548:TOPEX/Poseidon 15545: 15540: 15535: 15528: 15523: 15517: 15511: 15505: 15500: 15493: 15488: 15483: 15478: 15471: 15466: 15465: 15464: 15456: 15443: 15436: 15431: 15424: 15417: 15411: 15404: 15399: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15360: 15359: 15358: 15346: 15341: 15336: 15329: 15322: 15315: 15308: 15300: 15298: 15294: 15293: 15291: 15290: 15289: 15288: 15281: 15269: 15264: 15258: 15252: 15246: 15240: 15234: 15226: 15225: 15224: 15216: 15203: 15196: 15190: 15185: 15178: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15155: 15150: 15145: 15138: 15130: 15128: 15124: 15123: 15116: 15115: 15108: 15101: 15093: 15084: 15083: 15081: 15080: 15077: 15071: 15064: 15061: 15060: 15057: 15056: 15053: 15052: 15049: 15048: 15046: 15045: 15042:Europa Clipper 15038: 15031: 15025: 15023: 15011: 15010: 14998: 14997: 14994: 14993: 14990: 14989: 14986: 14985: 14983: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14967: 14962: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14936: 14934: 14930: 14929: 14927: 14926: 14925: 14924: 14916: 14915: 14914: 14909: 14901: 14900: 14899: 14890: 14888: 14881: 14877: 14876: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14863: 14861: 14860: 14853: 14846: 14839: 14831: 14829: 14817: 14816: 14804: 14803: 14800: 14799: 14796: 14795: 14792: 14791: 14789: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14773: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14732: 14730: 14726: 14725: 14723: 14722: 14721: 14720: 14715: 14707: 14706: 14705: 14700: 14695: 14685: 14684: 14683: 14678: 14669: 14667: 14660: 14656: 14655: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14642: 14640: 14639: 14632: 14625: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14602: 14600: 14596: 14595: 14593: 14592: 14585: 14578: 14571: 14564: 14559: 14554: 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14507:NEAR Shoemaker 14503: 14501: 14494: 14486: 14485: 14473: 14472: 14462: 14461: 14454: 14447: 14439: 14433: 14430: 14429: 14417: 14416: 14414: 14413: 14408: 14401: 14393: 14388: 14380: 14374: 14368: 14359: 14357: 14353: 14352: 14350: 14349: 14341: 14333: 14325: 14317: 14309: 14305:De Stella Nova 14301: 14292: 14290: 14286: 14285: 14283: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14241: 14239: 14235: 14234: 14227: 14226: 14219: 14212: 14204: 14195: 14194: 14192: 14191: 14179: 14166: 14163: 14162: 14160: 14159: 14158: 14157: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14131: 14129: 14125: 14124: 14121: 14120: 14118: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14100: 14095: 14087: 14085: 14081: 14080: 14078: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14036: 14034: 14030: 14029: 14027: 14026: 14018: 14010: 13999: 13997: 13993: 13992: 13990: 13989: 13987:(2021–present) 13981: 13979:(2021–present) 13971: 13969:(2019–present) 13963: 13961:(2018–present) 13955: 13953:(2013–present) 13944: 13942: 13938: 13937: 13935: 13934: 13926: 13925: 13924: 13909: 13893: 13885: 13871: 13862: 13860: 13853: 13852:Space missions 13849: 13848: 13829: 13827: 13825: 13824: 13819: 13814: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13728: 13727: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13656: 13655: 13650: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13599: 13597: 13593: 13592: 13590: 13589: 13584: 13582:Exoplanetology 13578: 13575: 13574: 13567: 13566: 13559: 13552: 13544: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13531: 13520: 13517: 13516: 13514: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13482: 13480: 13476: 13475: 13473: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13387: 13382: 13375: 13370: 13365: 13358: 13353: 13348: 13343: 13337: 13335: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13327: 13319: 13311: 13303: 13295: 13287: 13279: 13271: 13263: 13255: 13247: 13238: 13236: 13232: 13231: 13229: 13228: 13220: 13211: 13209: 13201: 13200: 13198: 13197: 13189: 13181: 13173: 13165: 13157: 13149: 13141: 13133: 13125: 13117: 13109: 13101: 13093: 13085: 13077: 13069: 13061: 13053: 13045: 13037: 13029: 13021: 13020: 13019: 13014: 13009: 13004: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12974: 12966: 12958: 12950: 12942: 12934: 12926: 12918: 12910: 12902: 12894: 12886: 12878: 12870: 12862: 12854: 12846: 12838: 12830: 12822: 12814: 12806: 12798: 12790: 12782: 12774: 12766: 12758: 12750: 12742: 12734: 12726: 12718: 12710: 12702: 12694: 12686: 12678: 12670: 12662: 12654: 12646: 12638: 12633:Compton (CGRO) 12630: 12622: 12614: 12606: 12598: 12585: 12584: 12583: 12578: 12565: 12560:ASCA (Astro-D) 12557: 12549: 12541: 12533: 12525: 12517: 12509: 12501: 12493: 12485: 12477: 12469: 12460: 12458: 12454: 12453: 12451: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12363:Hypertelescope 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12343:Fresnel Imager 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12319: 12317: 12311: 12310: 12308: 12307: 12299: 12291: 12283: 12275: 12267: 12259: 12251: 12243: 12235: 12227: 12219: 12211: 12203: 12195: 12187: 12179: 12171: 12163: 12154: 12152: 12148: 12147: 12144: 12143: 12141: 12140: 12132: 12124: 12116: 12108: 12100: 12092: 12084: 12076: 12068: 12059: 12057: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12047: 12039: 12031: 12023: 12015: 12007: 11999: 11991: 11983: 11978:Max Valier Sat 11975: 11967: 11959: 11951: 11943: 11935: 11927: 11919: 11914:HXMT (Insight) 11911: 11906:Einstein Probe 11903: 11895: 11890:Chandra (AXAF) 11887: 11878: 11876: 11866: 11865: 11863: 11862: 11854: 11846: 11838: 11830: 11822: 11814: 11806: 11798: 11790: 11782: 11774: 11765: 11763: 11757: 11756: 11754: 11753: 11745: 11737: 11729: 11721: 11713: 11705: 11697: 11689: 11681: 11673: 11665: 11657: 11649: 11641: 11633: 11625: 11621:constellation 11616: 11608: 11599: 11597: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11587: 11579: 11571: 11563: 11554: 11552: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11542: 11534: 11526: 11518: 11510: 11502: 11493: 11491: 11482: 11478: 11477: 11470: 11469: 11462: 11455: 11447: 11441: 11440: 11434: 11425: 11416: 11402: 11401: 11390: 11385: 11373: 11364: 11358: 11352:Kepler website 11349: 11337: 11336:External links 11334: 11331: 11330: 11294: 11257: 11232: 11211: 11199:"KIC10 Search" 11190: 11162: 11130: 11098: 11066: 11034: 11002: 10969: 10946: 10933:Zooniverse.org 10920: 10907:Zooniverse.org 10894: 10868: 10834: 10813:"Planetometer" 10804: 10776: 10726: 10714: 10652: 10626: 10608: 10581: 10556: 10537: 10508: 10487: 10456: 10427: 10366: 10338: 10302: 10279: 10253: 10199: 10176: 10149: 10122: 10109:Universe Today 10094: 10064: 10009: 9978: 9948: 9917: 9886: 9855: 9842:10.1086/678953 9799: 9768: 9737: 9684: 9656: 9628: 9600: 9570: 9552: 9526: 9496: 9485:on May 7, 2020 9466: 9405: 9379: 9351: 9340:on May 8, 2020 9320: 9294: 9266: 9234: 9203: 9181: 9162: 9150: 9138: 9127:. May 17, 2012 9109: 9046: 9018: 8990: 8963: 8932: 8901: 8880: 8819: 8786: 8755: 8729: 8698: 8665: 8612: 8579: 8546: 8491: 8437: 8374: 8343: 8280: 8250: 8190: 8160: 8118: 8095:Villard, Ray. 8087: 8021: 7995: 7964: 7934: 7908: 7848: 7822: 7765:Washington, DC 7741: 7711: 7681: 7656: 7634: 7612: 7593: 7563: 7536: 7509: 7482: 7456: 7428: 7400: 7368: 7341: 7328:10.1086/341952 7288: 7275:10.1086/300682 7251:(1): 354–399. 7235: 7182: 7145: 7109: 7082: 7055: 7002: 6971: 6941: 6901: 6875: 6854: 6821: 6791: 6760: 6734: 6708: 6651: 6592: 6538: 6504: 6476: 6463:10.1086/683797 6423: 6369: 6356:10.1086/377165 6316: 6253: 6232: 6210: 6189: 6136: 6113: 6082: 6064: 6007: 5950: 5920: 5867: 5831: 5803: 5777: 5752: 5741: 5708: 5678: 5652: 5622: 5592: 5562: 5532: 5502: 5472: 5442: 5416: 5397: 5370: 5352: 5321: 5285: 5271: 5239: 5213: 5182: 5149: 5131: 5104: 5051: 5021: 4990: 4969: 4943: 4913: 4886: 4839: 4816: 4807:|journal= 4740: 4713: 4685: 4671: 4600: 4569: 4558:on May 5, 2019 4539: 4528:. May 10, 2016 4508: 4477: 4449: 4417: 4343: 4312: 4259: 4233: 4206: 4172: 4138: 4098: 4060: 4032: 4014: 3975: 3942: 3903: 3892:. May 15, 2013 3872: 3843: 3820: 3803: 3772: 3765: 3745: 3707: 3681: 3652: 3627: 3569: 3538: 3507: 3471: 3440: 3414: 3384: 3353: 3325: 3299: 3260: 3249:on May 5, 2012 3227: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3162: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3135: 3127: 3119: 3111: 3103: 3094: 3087: 3086: 3078: 3070: 3062: 3052: 3044: 3035: 3028: 3027: 3021: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2985:habitable zone 2977: 2975: 2972: 2943: 2940: 2925: 2880: 2877: 2864:Main article: 2861: 2858: 2750:Main article: 2744:Main article: 2741: 2738: 2674:Planet Hunters 2669: 2666: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2629: 2589:habitable zone 2584: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2545: 2538: 2523: 2520: 2501:habitable zone 2482: 2481: 2447: 2445: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2345: 2342: 2326:reaction wheel 2285:habitable zone 2240: 2237: 2197: 2194: 2177:habitable zone 2127:habitable zone 2091: 2088: 2035: 2032: 2013:variable stars 2000: 1997: 1952: 1949: 1905:(380–470 1853: 1852: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1804:star formation 1791: 1788: 1765: 1762: 1748: 1745: 1718: 1715: 1655: 1652: 1630: 1627: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1578:variable stars 1513:transit method 1497: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478:habitable zone 1465: 1462: 1439:square degrees 1384: 1381: 1291: 1288: 1271: 1268: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1225: 1222: 1208: 1198: 1197:Communications 1195: 1150: 1147: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1031:galactic plane 1002:constellations 969:orbits the Sun 948: 945: 931: 928: 903: 902:Primary mirror 900: 867: 864: 860:mission status 832:primary mirror 828:Schmidt camera 805: 802: 677: 674: 658:Ball Aerospace 645: 642: 640: 637: 633:cross in front 561: 560: 551: 543: 542: 535: 527: 526: 523: 522: 516: 505: 501: 500: 496: 495: 492: 491: 488: 487: 484: 480: 479: 476: 472: 471: 468: 464: 463: 458: 454: 453: 446: 445: 442: 441: 438: 437: 428: 422: 421: 418: 412: 411: 410:311.67 degrees 408: 402: 401: 400:294.04 degrees 398: 392: 391: 388: 382: 381: 380:0.4474 degrees 378: 372: 371: 368: 362: 361: 358: 352: 351: 348: 342: 341: 335: 329: 328: 322: 318: 317: 312: 308: 307: 303: 302: 299: 298: 295: 294: 284: 280: 279: 278:End of mission 275: 274: 271: 270: 267: 266: 263: 259: 258: 253: 249: 248: 243:Cape Canaveral 240: 236: 235: 229: 225: 224: 213: 209: 208: 204: 203: 200: 199: 196: 195: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 176: 172: 171: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 141: 140: 137: 136: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 109: 105: 104: 101: 92: 91: 77: 71: 70: 61: 57: 56: 51: 47: 46: 43: 42: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17540: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17498:NASA programs 17496: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17475: 17473: 17463: 17453: 17451: 17441: 17439: 17429: 17427: 17422: 17417: 17415: 17405: 17404: 17401: 17382: 17378: 17377: 17372: 17364: 17362: 17352: 17351: 17348: 17341: 17337: 17336: 17332: 17329: 17328: 17324: 17321: 17317: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17305: 17302: 17301: 17297: 17294: 17292: 17288: 17285: 17281: 17280: 17276: 17275: 17273: 17269: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17253: 17250: 17248: 17245: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17214: 17212: 17209: 17203: 17197:(Nova Persei) 17196: 17193: 17190: 17187: 17185:(Nova Muscae) 17184: 17181: 17180: 17178: 17176: 17172: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17158: 17151: 17141: 17137: 17127: 17125: 17122: 17120: 17117: 17112: 17109: 17107: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17087: 17085: 17081: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17007: 17004: 17002: 16999: 16995: 16993: 16992:Gliese 1132 c 16990: 16989: 16987: 16984: 16980: 16976: 16969: 16960: 16957: 16948: 16945: 16936: 16933: 16924: 16921: 16912: 16909: 16900: 16897: 16888: 16885: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16868: 16859: 16856: 16847: 16844: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16822: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16800: 16791: 16788: 16779: 16776: 16767: 16764: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16749: 16747: 16745: 16740: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16725: 16723: 16721: 16720:Impact events 16717: 16712: 16706: 16700: 16689: 16685: 16681: 16678: 16675: 16671: 16670: 16666: 16663: 16662: 16658: 16655: 16651: 16650:Mars Cube One 16647: 16646: 16642: 16639: 16635: 16634: 16630: 16627: 16624: 16623: 16621: 16618: 16614: 16608: 16600: 16595: 16590: 16589: 16586: 16582:2018 in space 16577: 16572: 16570: 16565: 16563: 16558: 16557: 16554: 16543: 16536: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16524: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16509: 16506: 16504: 16500: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16482: 16480: 16476: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16464:IGS Optical 3 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16444: 16440: 16436: 16435: 16431: 16429: 16428:Shijian 11-01 16426: 16423: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16410: 16407: 16406: 16404: 16400: 16394: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16366: 16363: 16362: 16360: 16356: 16350: 16349: 16345: 16343: 16339: 16335: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16322: 16318: 16314: 16310: 16306: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16288: 16284: 16283:SumbandilaSat 16280: 16276: 16272: 16271:Meteor-M No.1 16269: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16261:USA-207 / PAN 16259: 16258: 16256: 16252: 16246: 16243: 16240: 16239:Leonardo MPLM 16236: 16235: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16206: 16204: 16200: 16194: 16190: 16186: 16182: 16178: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16168:Progress M-67 16166: 16164: 16163:Sterkh No.11L 16160: 16157: 16154: 16150: 16146: 16142: 16138: 16134: 16133: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16118: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16105: 16103: 16099: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16074: 16071: 16070: 16068: 16064: 16058: 16057: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16042: 16038: 16034: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16010: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15995: 15993: 15989: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15940: 15938: 15934: 15928: 15927: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15913: 15910: 15906: 15905: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15895: 15893: 15889: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15864: 15860: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15847: 15846:Ekspress-AM44 15844: 15842: 15841:Progress M-66 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15828: 15826: 15822: 15816: 15815:Koronas-Foton 15813: 15811: 15807: 15803: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15790: 15787: 15786: 15784: 15780: 15775: 15771: 15760: 15752: 15747: 15745: 15740: 15738: 15733: 15732: 15729: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15703: 15700: 15694: 15691: 15689: 15686: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15669: 15666: 15665: 15663: 15659: 15652: 15649: 15646: 15643: 15642: 15640: 15636: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15624:Europa Lander 15622: 15621: 15619: 15615: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15590: 15588: 15584: 15578: 15575: 15572: 15569: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15555: 15551: 15549: 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15533: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15521: 15518: 15515: 15512: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15498: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15482: 15479: 15477: 15476: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15463: 15461: 15457: 15455: 15453: 15449: 15448: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15441: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15429: 15425: 15423: 15422: 15421:Mars Observer 15418: 15415: 15414:Mars Cube One 15412: 15410: 15409: 15405: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15397: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15365: 15361: 15357: 15354: 15353: 15352: 15351: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15334: 15330: 15328: 15327: 15323: 15321: 15320: 15316: 15314: 15313: 15309: 15307: 15306: 15302: 15301: 15299: 15297:Past missions 15295: 15287: 15286: 15282: 15280: 15279: 15275: 15274: 15273: 15270: 15268: 15265: 15262: 15259: 15256: 15253: 15250: 15247: 15244: 15241: 15238: 15235: 15232: 15231: 15227: 15223: 15221: 15217: 15215: 15213: 15209: 15208: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15201: 15197: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15186: 15184: 15183: 15179: 15177: 15176: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15159: 15156: 15154: 15151: 15149: 15146: 15144: 15143: 15139: 15137: 15136: 15132: 15131: 15129: 15125: 15121: 15114: 15109: 15107: 15102: 15100: 15095: 15094: 15091: 15078: 15075: 15072: 15069: 15066: 15065: 15062: 15044: 15043: 15039: 15037: 15036: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15026: 15024: 15020: 15016: 15012: 15008: 15003: 14999: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14966: 14963: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14937: 14935: 14931: 14923: 14920: 14919: 14917: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14904: 14902: 14898: 14895: 14894: 14892: 14891: 14889: 14885: 14882: 14878: 14873: 14859: 14858: 14854: 14852: 14851: 14847: 14845: 14844: 14840: 14838: 14837: 14833: 14832: 14830: 14826: 14822: 14818: 14814: 14809: 14805: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14733: 14731: 14727: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14710: 14708: 14704: 14701: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14690: 14689: 14686: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14673: 14671: 14670: 14668: 14664: 14661: 14657: 14652: 14638: 14637: 14633: 14631: 14630: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14608: 14604: 14603: 14601: 14597: 14591: 14590: 14586: 14584: 14583: 14579: 14577: 14576: 14572: 14570: 14569: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14504: 14502: 14498: 14495: 14491: 14487: 14483: 14478: 14474: 14470: 14467: 14460: 14455: 14453: 14448: 14446: 14441: 14440: 14437: 14431: 14424: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14406: 14402: 14400: 14398: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14386: 14385: 14381: 14378: 14377:Jakob Bartsch 14375: 14372: 14369: 14366: 14365: 14361: 14360: 14358: 14354: 14347: 14346: 14342: 14339: 14338: 14334: 14331: 14330: 14326: 14323: 14322: 14318: 14315: 14314: 14310: 14307: 14306: 14302: 14299: 14298: 14294: 14293: 14291: 14287: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14242: 14240: 14236: 14232: 14225: 14220: 14218: 14213: 14211: 14206: 14205: 14202: 14190: 14189: 14180: 14178: 14177: 14168: 14167: 14164: 14156: 14153: 14152: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14132: 14130: 14126: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14105: 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14093: 14089: 14088: 14086: 14082: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14037: 14035: 14031: 14022: 14019: 14014: 14011: 14006: 14005: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13994: 13985: 13982: 13977: 13976: 13972: 13967: 13964: 13959: 13956: 13951: 13950: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13939: 13930: 13927: 13922: 13918: 13917: 13913: 13910: 13904: 13903: 13897: 13894: 13889: 13886: 13880: 13875: 13872: 13867: 13864: 13863: 13861: 13857: 13854: 13850: 13845: 13839: 13833: 13823: 13822:ZIMPOL/CHEOPS 13820: 13818: 13815: 13813: 13810: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13726: 13723: 13722: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13645: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13579: 13576: 13572: 13565: 13560: 13558: 13553: 13551: 13546: 13545: 13542: 13530: 13522: 13521: 13518: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13483: 13481: 13477: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13461: 13458: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13380: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13363: 13359: 13357: 13354: 13352: 13349: 13347: 13344: 13342: 13339: 13338: 13336: 13332: 13323: 13320: 13315: 13312: 13307: 13304: 13299: 13296: 13291: 13288: 13283: 13280: 13275: 13272: 13267: 13264: 13259: 13256: 13251: 13248: 13243: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13233: 13224: 13221: 13216: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13202: 13193: 13190: 13185: 13182: 13177: 13174: 13169: 13166: 13161: 13158: 13153: 13152:Taiyo (SRATS) 13150: 13145: 13142: 13137: 13134: 13129: 13126: 13121: 13118: 13113: 13110: 13105: 13102: 13097: 13094: 13089: 13086: 13081: 13078: 13073: 13070: 13065: 13062: 13057: 13054: 13049: 13046: 13041: 13038: 13033: 13030: 13025: 13022: 13018: 13015: 13013: 13010: 13008: 13005: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12979: 12978: 12975: 12970: 12967: 12962: 12959: 12954: 12951: 12946: 12943: 12938: 12935: 12930: 12927: 12922: 12919: 12914: 12911: 12906: 12903: 12898: 12895: 12890: 12887: 12882: 12879: 12874: 12871: 12866: 12863: 12858: 12855: 12850: 12847: 12842: 12839: 12834: 12831: 12826: 12823: 12818: 12815: 12810: 12807: 12802: 12799: 12794: 12791: 12786: 12783: 12778: 12775: 12770: 12767: 12762: 12759: 12754: 12751: 12746: 12743: 12738: 12735: 12730: 12727: 12722: 12719: 12714: 12711: 12706: 12703: 12698: 12695: 12690: 12687: 12682: 12679: 12674: 12671: 12666: 12663: 12658: 12655: 12650: 12647: 12642: 12639: 12634: 12631: 12626: 12623: 12618: 12615: 12610: 12607: 12602: 12599: 12593: 12589: 12586: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12573: 12569: 12566: 12561: 12558: 12553: 12550: 12545: 12542: 12537: 12534: 12529: 12526: 12521: 12518: 12513: 12510: 12505: 12502: 12497: 12494: 12489: 12486: 12481: 12478: 12473: 12470: 12465: 12462: 12461: 12459: 12455: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12316: 12312: 12303: 12300: 12295: 12292: 12287: 12284: 12279: 12276: 12271: 12268: 12263: 12260: 12255: 12252: 12247: 12244: 12239: 12238:Solar-C EUVST 12236: 12231: 12228: 12223: 12220: 12215: 12212: 12207: 12204: 12199: 12196: 12191: 12188: 12183: 12180: 12175: 12172: 12167: 12164: 12159: 12156: 12155: 12153: 12149: 12136: 12133: 12128: 12127:Solar Orbiter 12125: 12120: 12117: 12112: 12109: 12104: 12101: 12096: 12093: 12088: 12085: 12080: 12077: 12072: 12069: 12064: 12061: 12060: 12058: 12052: 12043: 12040: 12035: 12032: 12027: 12024: 12019: 12016: 12011: 12008: 12003: 12000: 11995: 11992: 11987: 11984: 11979: 11976: 11971: 11968: 11963: 11960: 11955: 11952: 11947: 11944: 11939: 11936: 11931: 11928: 11923: 11920: 11915: 11912: 11907: 11904: 11899: 11896: 11891: 11888: 11883: 11880: 11879: 11877: 11875: 11871: 11867: 11858: 11855: 11850: 11847: 11842: 11841:Solar Orbiter 11839: 11834: 11831: 11826: 11823: 11818: 11815: 11810: 11807: 11802: 11799: 11794: 11791: 11786: 11783: 11778: 11775: 11770: 11767: 11766: 11764: 11762: 11758: 11749: 11746: 11741: 11738: 11733: 11730: 11725: 11722: 11717: 11714: 11709: 11706: 11701: 11698: 11693: 11690: 11685: 11682: 11677: 11674: 11669: 11666: 11661: 11658: 11653: 11650: 11645: 11642: 11637: 11634: 11629: 11626: 11620: 11617: 11612: 11609: 11604: 11601: 11600: 11598: 11596: 11592: 11583: 11580: 11575: 11572: 11567: 11564: 11559: 11556: 11555: 11553: 11551: 11547: 11538: 11535: 11530: 11527: 11522: 11519: 11514: 11511: 11506: 11505:Solar Orbiter 11503: 11498: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11490: 11486: 11483: 11479: 11475: 11468: 11463: 11461: 11456: 11454: 11449: 11448: 11445: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11411: 11410: 11409: 11407: 11400: 11396: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11383: 11382: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11368: 11365: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11353: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11339: 11327: 11315: 11311: 11310: 11305: 11298: 11291: 11278: 11274: 11273: 11268: 11261: 11246: 11242: 11236: 11227: 11222: 11215: 11200: 11194: 11179: 11175: 11169: 11167: 11150: 11146: 11145: 11140: 11134: 11118: 11114: 11113: 11108: 11102: 11086: 11082: 11081: 11076: 11070: 11054: 11050: 11049: 11044: 11038: 11022: 11018: 11017: 11012: 11006: 10990: 10986: 10985: 10980: 10973: 10957: 10950: 10934: 10930: 10924: 10908: 10904: 10898: 10882: 10878: 10872: 10856: 10852: 10851: 10845: 10838: 10822: 10818: 10814: 10808: 10793: 10792: 10787: 10780: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10738: 10734: 10733: 10721: 10719: 10710: 10706: 10702: 10698: 10694: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10671: 10666: 10659: 10657: 10640: 10636: 10630: 10622: 10618: 10612: 10596: 10592: 10585: 10574: 10567: 10560: 10552: 10548: 10541: 10532: 10527: 10523: 10519: 10512: 10504: 10503: 10498: 10491: 10474: 10470: 10466: 10460: 10453: 10441: 10437: 10431: 10423: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10405: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10387: 10383: 10382: 10377: 10370: 10355: 10354: 10349: 10342: 10327: 10323: 10319: 10318: 10313: 10306: 10290: 10283: 10268: 10264: 10257: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10237: 10233: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10215: 10211: 10203: 10187: 10180: 10164: 10160: 10153: 10137: 10133: 10126: 10111: 10110: 10105: 10098: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10068: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10021: 10013: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9982: 9966: 9962: 9955: 9953: 9941:September 23, 9936: 9932: 9928: 9921: 9905: 9901: 9897: 9890: 9874: 9870: 9866: 9859: 9851: 9847: 9843: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9812: 9803: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9772: 9756: 9752: 9748: 9741: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9708: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9688: 9673: 9672: 9667: 9660: 9645: 9644: 9639: 9632: 9617: 9616: 9611: 9604: 9597: 9584: 9580: 9574: 9566: 9562: 9556: 9540: 9536: 9530: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9500: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9470: 9462: 9458: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9442: 9438: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9409: 9393: 9389: 9383: 9368: 9367: 9362: 9355: 9339: 9335: 9331: 9324: 9308: 9304: 9298: 9283: 9282: 9277: 9270: 9254: 9250: 9249: 9244: 9238: 9222: 9218: 9214: 9207: 9191: 9185: 9177: 9173: 9166: 9159: 9154: 9147: 9142: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9114: 9105: 9101: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9058: 9050: 9035: 9034: 9029: 9022: 9007: 9006: 9001: 8994: 8978: 8974: 8967: 8952: 8951: 8946: 8942: 8941:Shostak, Seth 8936: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8905: 8897: 8893: 8887: 8885: 8876: 8872: 8868: 8864: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8823: 8807: 8803: 8802: 8797: 8790: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8759: 8744: 8740: 8733: 8718: 8717: 8712: 8705: 8703: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8672: 8670: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8627: 8623: 8616: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8586: 8584: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8553: 8551: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8508: 8504: 8503: 8495: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8441: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8386: 8378: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8347: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8299: 8291: 8284: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8262: 8254: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8195: 8178: 8174: 8170: 8164: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8127: 8125: 8123: 8106: 8102: 8101:Discovery.com 8098: 8091: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8041: 8037: 8036: 8028: 8026: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7968: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7923: 7919: 7912: 7904: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7852: 7836: 7832: 7826: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7766: 7762: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7745: 7729: 7725: 7721: 7715: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7685: 7670: 7666: 7660: 7649:September 10, 7644: 7638: 7622: 7616: 7608: 7604: 7597: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7567: 7551: 7547: 7540: 7524: 7520: 7513: 7497: 7493: 7486: 7471: 7467: 7460: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7432: 7417: 7416: 7411: 7404: 7388: 7384: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7303: 7299: 7292: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7239: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7186: 7178: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7149: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7118: 7116: 7114: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7070: 7066: 7059: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7006: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6975: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6945: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6870: 6865: 6858: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6828: 6826: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6795: 6779: 6775: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6670: 6666: 6662: 6655: 6647: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6596: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6542: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6511: 6509: 6492: 6491: 6486: 6480: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6438: 6434: 6427: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6373: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6265: 6257: 6248: 6243: 6236: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6214: 6205: 6200: 6193: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6124: 6117: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6086: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5954: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5924: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5871: 5860:September 21, 5855: 5851: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5820: 5819: 5818:New Scientist 5814: 5807: 5788: 5781: 5770:September 18, 5766: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5745: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5713: 5701:September 25, 5696: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5666: 5662: 5656: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5536: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5446: 5431: 5427: 5420: 5412: 5411:New Scientist 5408: 5401: 5385: 5381: 5374: 5363: 5356: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5325: 5306: 5299: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5275: 5256: 5249: 5243: 5227: 5223: 5217: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5156: 5154: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5025: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4979: 4973: 4957: 4953: 4947: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4901: 4897: 4890: 4871: 4867: 4860: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4827: 4820: 4812: 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3850: 3848: 3831: 3824: 3817: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3779: 3777: 3768: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3749: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3695: 3691: 3685: 3670: 3666: 3659: 3657: 3641: 3637: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3573: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3527: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3460: 3456: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3402: 3398: 3391: 3389: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3346:September 18, 3342: 3338: 3332: 3330: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3232: 3212: 3205: 3203: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3182: 3166: 3157: 3153: 3139: 3136: 3131: 3128: 3123: 3120: 3115: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3092: 3082: 3079: 3074: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3048: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2948: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2876: 2873: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2716: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2631:Data releases 2628: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2613:Kepler-1544 b 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2557:constellation 2554: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2529:, KSN 2011b ( 2528: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2485: 2478: 2469:is available. 2468: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2448:This section 2446: 2437: 2436: 2428: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2385: 2384:hot Jupiter. 2381: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2361: 2354: 2350: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2294:star system. 2293: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2272: 2268: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2245: 2236: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2161:Sun-like star 2159:, orbiting a 2158: 2154: 2150: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2087: 2085: 2084:mass transfer 2081: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2007: 1996: 1989: 1980: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1957: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1855: 1849: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1824:Earth's orbit 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1761: 1753: 1744: 1741: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1714: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1651: 1648: 1642: 1635: 1626: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1611: 1603: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1567:main sequence 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1532: 1530: 1529:Kepler's laws 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505:giant planets 1502: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1461: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1400:field of view 1394: 1389: 1383:Field of view 1380: 1378: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1312: 1304: 1296: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1267: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1204: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1141: 1132: 1127: 1118: 1099: 1087: 1075: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1048:). and using 1047: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1000: 996: 991: 989: 984: 982: 978: 977:gravitational 974: 970: 961: 953: 944: 942: 936: 927: 925: 921: 917: 908: 899: 897: 893: 889: 886:at 2200×1024 885: 877: 872: 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 840:field of view 837: 833: 829: 819: 810: 801: 799: 793: 791: 786: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 755: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 710: 706: 701: 695: 692: 688: 683: 673: 671: 667: 661: 659: 655: 651: 636: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 611: 607: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 569:is a defunct 568: 557: → 556: 555: 549: 548: 544:← 540: 539: 533: 528: 524: 520: 509: 506: 502: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 462: 459: 455: 452: 447: 443: 439: 434: 429: 427: 423: 419: 417: 413: 409: 407: 403: 399: 397: 393: 389: 387: 383: 379: 377: 373: 369: 367: 363: 359: 357: 353: 349: 347: 343: 340: 336: 334: 330: 326: 323: 319: 316: 313: 309: 304: 300: 296: 285: 281: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 257: 254: 250: 247: 244: 241: 237: 233: 230: 226: 214: 210: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 154: 151: 147: 142: 138: 134: 128: 124: 120: 110: 106: 102: 100: 93: 88: 82: 78: 76: 72: 69: 65: 62: 58: 55: 52: 48: 44: 37: 32: 26: 22: 17462:Solar System 17374: 17335:New Horizons 17333: 17325: 17307: 17298: 17290: 17289: 17277: 17262:46P/Wirtanen 17189:V906 Carinae 17154:first imaged 16672:(mission to 16667: 16659: 16652:(mission to 16643: 16631: 16541: 16523:Soyuz TMA-17 16521: 16432: 16348:Soyuz TMA-16 16346: 16232: 16130: 16056:Soyuz TMA-15 16054: 16007: 15943:Eutelsat W2A 15926:Soyuz TMA-14 15924: 15902: 15897: 15850:Ekspress-MD1 15553: 15531: 15496: 15474: 15459: 15451: 15438: 15426: 15419: 15406: 15395: 15389: 15363: 15349: 15333:Deep Space 2 15331: 15326:Deep Space 1 15324: 15318: 15311: 15304: 15283: 15276: 15228: 15219: 15212:Perseverance 15211: 15200:Mars Odyssey 15198: 15181: 15173: 15140: 15133: 15073: 15067: 15040: 15033: 14855: 14848: 14841: 14836:New Horizons 14834: 14676:Comet Hopper 14634: 14627: 14605: 14587: 14580: 14573: 14566: 14551: 14403: 14396: 14390: 14382: 14379:(son-in-law) 14362: 14343: 14335: 14327: 14319: 14311: 14303: 14295: 14255:Kepler orbit 14187: 14174: 14102: 14090: 14002: 13973: 13947: 13911: 13900: 13817:XO Telescope 13767:Project 1640 13596:Ground-based 13377: 13360: 13204:Hibernating 12956:(2016–2019?) 12896: 12499:(1962, 1964) 12398:Nano-JASMINE 12222:NEO Surveyor 12138:(since 2006) 12130:(since 2020) 12122:(since 1995) 12114:(since 2019) 12106:(since 2017) 12098:(since 2008) 12090:(since 2015) 12082:(since 2015) 12074:(since 2011) 12066:(since 1997) 12045:(since 1999) 12037:(since 2024) 12029:(since 2023) 12021:(since 2022) 12013:(since 2012) 12005:(since 2017) 11997:(since 2018) 11989:(since 2009) 11981:(since 2017) 11973:(since 2004) 11965:(since 2024) 11957:(since 2019) 11949:(since 2021) 11941:(since 2020) 11933:(since 2008) 11925:(since 2002) 11917:(since 2017) 11909:(since 2024) 11901:(since 2015) 11893:(since 1999) 11885:(since 2015) 11860:(since 2004) 11852:(since 2006) 11844:(since 2020) 11836:(since 2008) 11828:(since 1995) 11820:(since 2010) 11812:(since 2013) 11804:(since 2006) 11796:(since 2021) 11788:(since 2015) 11780:(since 2022) 11772:(since 2023) 11751:(since 2018) 11743:(since 2004) 11735:(since 2008) 11727:(since 1995) 11719:(since 2010) 11711:(since 2001) 11703:(since 2013) 11695:(since 2006) 11687:(since 1990) 11679:(since 2005) 11671:(since 2013) 11663:(since 2021) 11655:(since 2023) 11647:(since 2015) 11639:(since 2019) 11631:(since 2021) 11623:(since 2013) 11614:(since 2015) 11606:(since 2018) 11585:(since 2009) 11577:(since 2008) 11569:(since 2001) 11561:(since 2022) 11540:(since 2024) 11532:(since 1994) 11524:(since 2018) 11516:(since 2006) 11508:(since 2020) 11500:(since 2018) 11404: 11403: 11379: 11325: 11320:November 16, 11318:. 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Retrieved 3211:the original 3201: 3165: 3156: 3141:(since 2002) 3133:(since 2002) 3125:(since 2015) 3117:(since 2003) 3109:(since 2001) 3101:(since 2013) 3090: 3089: 3084:(since 2018) 3068:(since 2002) 3060:(since 2013) 3054: 3042:(since 2019) 3031: 3030: 3018: 2953: 2906: 2882: 2875:spacecraft. 2869: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2811: 2809: 2730:super-Earths 2721: 2717: 2712: 2696:Peterborough 2689: 2683: 2671: 2643: 2634: 2625:Kepler-1638b 2621:Kepler-1606b 2617:Kepler-1593b 2609:Kepler-1455b 2605:Kepler-1410b 2601:Kepler-1229b 2586: 2472: 2467:Editing help 2449: 2426: 2409: 2407: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2386: 2382: 2372:and were in 2362: 2358: 2338: 2335: 2323: 2296: 2289: 2280: 2274: 2270: 2250: 2230: 2199: 2172:Seth Shostak 2169: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2124: 2116: 2080:white dwarfs 2069: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2047:results for 2044: 2040: 2037: 2024:white dwarfs 2021: 2017:Kepler-1658b 2010: 2002: 1993: 1946: 1942: 1933: 1926: 1921: 1918:HIP 116454 b 1911: 1876: 1865: 1861: 1793: 1785: 1778: 1774: 1767: 1758: 1747:K2 Extension 1739: 1736: 1732: 1720: 1703: 1691: 1684: 1676: 1657: 1643: 1640: 1619: 1612: 1608: 1575: 1571: 1556: 1554:transiting. 1547: 1533: 1499:Most of the 1498: 1467: 1455: 1436: 1397: 1374: 1357: 1351: 1348: 1340: 1330:rocket from 1325: 1317: 1285: 1281: 1273: 1264: 1245: 1227: 1219: 1200: 1168: 1130: 1116: 1113: Kepler 1039: 1027:Solar System 992: 985: 973:occultations 966: 937: 933: 913: 896:p-mode stars 881: 855: 825: 794: 787: 756: 717: 696: 679: 662: 647: 608:to discover 603: 573:launched by 566: 564: 552: 545: 536: 499:Transponders 435:: 2458119.5) 406:Mean anomaly 346:Eccentricity 315:Heliocentric 175:Payload mass 149:Manufacturer 66: / 50:Mission type 25: 17450:Outer space 17438:Spaceflight 17237:66P/du Toit 17195:V392 Persei 17183:V357 Muscae 17142:FarFarOut ( 17114:(announced) 17083:Discoveries 16690:; Dec 2018) 16676:; Oct 2018) 16669:BepiColombo 16656:; May 2018) 16640:; May 2018) 16611:Space probe 16503:Kosmos 2458 16499:Kosmos 2457 16495:Kosmos 2456 16469:Intelsat 15 16459:Eutelsat W7 16454:Intelsat 14 16449:Kosmos 2455 16374:WorldView-2 16342:STSS-Demo 2 16334:STSS-Demo 1 16325:SwissCube-1 16193:AprizeSat-4 16189:AprizeSat-3 16159:Kosmos 2454 16121:Kosmos 2453 16117:Kosmos 2452 16113:Kosmos 2451 16108:TerreStar-1 16092:Sirius FM-5 16024:ProtoStar 2 15982:Kosmos 2450 15877:Telstar 11N 15855:Hot Bird 10 15460:Opportunity 15319:Deep Impact 14672:Mission 12 14599:Opportunity 14542:Deep Impact 14024:(mid-2020s) 13932:(2017–2020) 13915:(2009–2018) 13907:(2008–2013) 13902:Deep Impact 13891:(2006–2013) 13869:(2003–2019) 13317:(2014–2015) 13269:(2012–2013) 13235:Lost/Failed 13226:(1998–2010) 13218:(1998–2005) 13195:(1991–2001) 13187:(2001–2010) 13171:(1970–1973) 13163:(1983–1985) 13155:(1975–1980) 13147:(2005–2015) 13139:(2003–2020) 13131:(2011–2019) 13123:(1979–1985) 13115:(1975–1979) 13107:(1972–1973) 13099:(1992–2004) 13091:(1995–2012) 13083:(1990–1999) 13075:(2002–2018) 13067:(1983–1984) 13059:(2009–2013) 13043:(2006–2016) 12972:(1972–1981) 12964:(1968–1973) 12948:(1996–1997) 12940:(2003–2019) 12932:(2015–2017) 12924:(2015–2017) 12916:(1997–2002) 12908:(1990–2001) 12900:(2009–2018) 12892:(1996–2004) 12884:(1978–1996) 12876:(1996–1998) 12868:(1995–1996) 12844:(1989–1993) 12836:(2000–2008) 12828:(1979–1981) 12820:(1978–1982) 12812:(2013–2023) 12804:(1981–1991) 12796:(2009–2013) 12788:(1977–1979) 12780:(1997–2005) 12772:(1979–1985) 12764:(1989–1998) 12756:(1987–1991) 12748:(1990–1992) 12740:(2003–2013) 12732:(1987–2001) 12724:(1999–2007) 12716:(1992–2001) 12708:(1983–1986) 12697:Explorer 11 12668:(2017–2019) 12660:(1989–1993) 12652:(1975–1982) 12644:(2006–2013) 12636:(1991–2000) 12628:(2003–2008) 12620:(1996–2003) 12612:(1974–1976) 12604:(1983–1991) 12563:(1993–2000) 12555:(1973–1974) 12547:(2017–2019) 12539:(1979–1982) 12531:(1974–1980) 12523:(1971–1972) 12515:(1967–1969) 12491:(1962–1972) 12483:(1993–2005) 12475:(2006–2011) 12467:(2007–2024) 11761:Ultraviolet 11432:UPR Arecibo 10887:January 19, 10861:January 20, 10479:October 18, 10359:October 13, 10331:October 15, 10115:January 27, 10087:January 27, 9148:. NASA.gov. 9039:January 11, 8779:February 4, 8367:February 5, 8309:: 261–281. 7957:February 5, 7627:October 28, 6497:December 6, 5796:December 9, 5734:November 8, 5645:October 18, 5314:October 14, 5264:October 14, 4706:October 31, 4626:: 274–275. 4470:November 5, 4336:November 5, 3836:October 17, 3674:October 31, 3500:October 30, 3464:October 30, 3318:January 18, 3130:PlanetQuest 3065:PlanetQuest 3050:(2006–2012) 2895:astrometric 2804:Kepler-442b 2800:Kepler-440b 2796:Kepler-438b 2792:Kepler-296f 2788:Kepler-296e 2784:Kepler-186f 2597:Kepler-705b 2593:Kepler-560b 2549:KIC 8462852 2542:Kepler-452b 2535:dark energy 2499:and in the 2493:Kepler-442b 2489:Kepler-438b 2389:Kepler-186f 2279:(formerly, 2120:super-Earth 1914:super-Earth 1826:around the 1458:Gliese 1245 1362:low voltage 1344:micrometers 1336:first light 783:super-Earth 779:Kepler-440b 775:Kepler-452b 771:Kepler-442b 767:Kepler-438b 742:within the 726:Earth-size 676:Post launch 615:in or near 483:Wavelengths 416:Mean motion 390:372.57 days 376:Inclination 283:Deactivated 239:Launch site 212:Launch date 159:Launch mass 17472:Categories 17318:(asteroid 17316:OSIRIS-REx 17312:(Nov 2018) 17310:retirement 17295:(Oct 2018) 17293:retirement 17282:(asteroid 17232:37P/Forbes 17165:SN 2018cow 17095:VVV-WIT-07 17064:HD 89345 b 16979:Exoplanets 16529:DirecTV-12 16517:Helios IIB 16369:COMSATBw-1 16365:Amazonas-2 16301:Oceansat-2 16185:Nanosat-1B 16173:DubaiSat-1 16141:AggieSat 2 16050:Meridian 2 16037:AeroCube-3 15958:Compass-G2 15356:spacecraft 15222:helicopter 14933:Candidates 14918:Mission 4 14903:Mission 3 14893:Mission 2 14850:OSIRIS-REx 14771:Moon Diver 14729:Candidates 13176:Vanguard 3 12488:Alouette 1 12333:AstroSat-2 12042:XMM-Newton 11558:James Webb 11290:Physics... 11155:January 1, 10958:. ABC News 10817:Zooniverse 10645:January 1, 10601:October 4, 10395:1509.03622 10223:1507.06723 10078:Excite.com 10034:1501.06227 9287:January 9, 9259:January 3, 9227:January 3, 8743:MSNBC News 8628:(2): 170. 7876:1903.01591 7869:(5): 192. 7674:August 26, 7556:August 25, 7529:August 25, 7502:August 25, 7198:(2): 154. 7018:(4): 149. 6784:January 7, 6490:BBC Online 4906:August 24, 4501:January 6, 4442:January 8, 4282:1501.03798 4007:August 15, 3968:August 15, 3935:August 15, 3562:January 6, 3292:January 6, 3177:References 2981:Kepler-22b 2960:exoplanets 2942:Retirement 2835:Kepler-223 2831:Kepler-45b 2827:Kepler-44b 2823:Kepler-43b 2819:Kepler-41b 2780:Kepler-62f 2776:Kepler-62e 2756:See also: 2678:algorithms 2662:Kepler-39b 2658:Kepler-40b 2564:exoplanets 2513:Kepler-444 2505:exoplanets 2475:March 2023 2307:Kepler-69c 2303:Kepler-62f 2299:Kepler-62e 2281:KOI-172.02 2277:Kepler-69c 2257:exoplanets 2204:may host " 2190:sextillion 2157:Kepler-20f 2153:Kepler-20e 2149:exoplanets 2146:Earth-size 2104:Kepler-20f 2100:Kepler-20e 2028:Kepler-16b 1895:Messier 80 1820:exoplanets 1724:Kepler-22b 1647:astrometry 1501:exoplanets 1149:Operations 1066:trajectory 995:photometer 892:megapixels 852:photometry 848:soft focus 844:vignetting 790:supernovae 740:red dwarfs 738:stars and 728:exoplanets 713:red dwarfs 621:photometer 613:exoplanets 610:Earth-size 486:430–890 nm 360:0.97671 AU 290:2018-11-15 252:Contractor 234:(7925-10L) 183:Dimensions 17414:Astronomy 17327:Voyager 2 17279:Hayabusa2 17222:C/2017 U7 17160:AT2018hyz 16996:possible 16742:Selected 16680:Chang'e 4 16512:Xi Wang 1 16443:ExPRESS-2 16439:ExPRESS-1 16321:ITU-pSat1 16309:Rubin 9.2 16305:Rubin 9.1 16254:September 16209:AsiaSat 5 16082:MEASAT-3a 16041:HawkSat-1 16033:PharmaSat 15972:SICRAL 1B 15867:Spirale-B 15863:Spirale-A 15339:Explorers 15285:Voyager 2 15278:Voyager 1 15220:Ingenuity 15206:Mars 2020 15068:Underline 14887:Finalists 14880:Proposals 14857:Dragonfly 14666:Finalists 14659:Proposals 14537:MESSENGER 14104:Eddington 14084:Cancelled 13975:Hayabusa2 13802:SuperWASP 13792:SPECULOOS 13762:PlanetPol 13725:Australis 13587:Exoplanet 13379:Eddington 13334:Cancelled 12841:Hipparcos 12254:Spektr-UV 12111:Mini-EUSO 12103:ISS-CREAM 11954:Spektr-RG 11874:Gamma-ray 11769:Aditya-L1 11660:Hayabusa2 11537:Queqiao 2 11481:Operating 11406:Exoplanet 11272:Space.com 11250:March 28, 11226:1309.1096 11204:April 23, 11183:April 23, 10962:April 18, 10939:April 18, 10913:April 18, 10797:April 24, 10791:Astronomy 10746:1106.3225 10709:119275985 10684:1101.0196 10326:0190-8286 10216:(2): 56. 9825:1407.3780 9761:April 26, 9707:1403.2379 9700:(1): 47. 9615:Space.com 9509:3 News NZ 9453:2041-8205 9428:1305.2933 9398:April 19, 9372:April 18, 9344:April 18, 9281:Space.com 9248:Space.com 9071:1202.0903 9033:Space.com 9011:April 24, 9005:Space.com 8983:April 24, 8956:April 24, 8867:0004-637X 8842:1102.0541 8812:April 24, 8748:April 24, 8722:April 24, 8691:April 24, 8635:1101.5630 8541:118578253 8516:1001.3420 8461:1006.2815 8454:(3): 83. 8424:0004-637X 8399:1006.2763 8336:April 23, 8220:1102.0541 8213:(1): 19. 8183:April 24, 8138:1006.2799 8111:April 20, 8074:0004-637X 8049:1001.4539 8014:April 21, 7988:April 21, 7903:119240124 7841:April 23, 7817:206522122 7793:1095-9203 7734:August 6, 7704:April 23, 7607:The Verge 7475:April 14, 7449:April 14, 7421:April 14, 7393:April 14, 7230:118461108 7205:1112.1695 7168:1405.7690 7050:119239193 7025:1404.4417 6995:April 17, 6964:August 9, 6934:April 17, 6920:Space.com 6869:1308.2252 6847:August 3, 6703:118582477 6678:1406.6172 6646:118387716 6619:1403.6725 6587:119108651 6562:1402.6352 6555:(1): 44. 6471:118462488 6446:1404.4348 6418:119118620 6393:1402.6534 6386:(1): 45. 6311:206536332 6278:1109.3432 6247:1009.5905 6204:1001.0305 6184:119236240 6159:1001.0392 6129:August 4, 6106:April 20, 6034:1001.0506 5977:1001.0747 5943:March 14, 5890:1001.0349 5671:April 23, 5615:April 23, 5525:April 27, 5495:April 20, 5465:April 16, 5435:April 14, 5430:Space.com 5345:March 14, 5335:DailyTech 5206:March 14, 5175:March 14, 5124:August 2, 5099:118626534 5074:1107.5207 4936:March 12, 4879:March 14, 4809:ignored ( 4799:cite book 4784:121398671 4650:1476-4687 4431:Space.com 4375:1311.6806 4275:(1): 10. 4220:Space.com 4001:Space.com 3796:March 14, 3738:April 23, 3694:SpaceNews 3433:March 14, 3428:Space.com 3407:April 14, 3377:April 11, 3253:March 14, 3220:March 13, 3138:SuperWASP 2907:NEOKepler 2850:bject of 2839:Kepler-42 2574:, and an 2572:asteroids 2527:supernova 2405:mission. 2353:Histogram 2319:Kepler-69 2315:Kepler-62 2261:Kepler-32 2226:Kepler-9d 2202:Milky Way 2165:Kepler-20 1891:Messier 4 1812:asteroids 1377:gigabytes 1354:safe mode 1187:equinoxes 1183:solstices 1173:, by the 1163:equinoxes 1159:solstices 1054:hydrazine 988:per annum 750:(12 744:Milky Way 606:Milky Way 504:Bandwidth 451:telescope 370:1.0499 AU 327:-trailing 223: UTC 81:2009-011A 75:COSPAR ID 17205:Comets 17128:Farout ( 17104:10 17074:NGTS-3Ab 17069:KELT-21b 17046:K2-288Bb 16613:launches 16508:Yaogan 8 16490:Yaogan 7 16478:December 16402:November 16313:BeeSat-1 16287:UGATUSAT 16279:Sterkh-2 16245:Palapa-D 16228:STSat-2A 16223:Optus D3 16219:JCSAT-RA 16181:UK-DMC 2 16177:Deimos-1 16126:RazakSAT 16029:TacSat-3 16015:Herschel 15977:Yaogan 6 15882:Raduga-1 15824:February 15538:Surveyor 15532:Stardust 15486:QuikSCAT 15396:Magellan 15375:Herschel 15169:GRACE-FO 15148:ACRIMSAT 15022:Missions 14907:MoonRise 14897:MoonRise 14828:Missions 14746:ISOCHRON 14607:ASPERA-3 14522:Stardust 14493:Missions 14373:(mother) 14176:Category 14033:Proposed 13807:Systemic 13715:MicroFUN 13695:Magellan 13633:ESPRESSO 13430:Sentinel 13128:Spektr-R 13064:RELIKT-1 12905:Kristall 12793:Herschel 12617:BeppoSAX 12378:JEM-EUSO 12373:iWF-MAXI 12315:Proposed 12278:LiteBIRD 12270:Spektr-M 11994:MinXSS-2 11922:INTEGRAL 11785:Astrosat 11611:Astrosat 11550:Infrared 11314:Archived 11277:Archived 10881:BBC News 10855:Archived 10827:June 15, 10771:62836749 10422:54859232 10295:July 24, 10272:July 24, 10248:26447864 10192:July 23, 10169:April 4, 10142:April 4, 10002:April 4, 9910:April 4, 9879:April 4, 9792:April 4, 9755:Archived 9732:14380222 9643:BBC News 9583:Archived 9545:July 16, 9392:Archived 9313:April 6, 9125:BBC News 9096:22237108 8875:15233153 8660:35223956 8486:13440062 8432:14775394 8307:Elsevier 8268:: 1–20. 8245:15233153 8082:15893663 7927:March 6, 7809:19661420 7763:(5941). 7336:16855894 7283:16098861 7161:(1): 1. 7138:April 4, 7102:June 12, 7075:June 12, 6989:Archived 6928:Archived 6894:June 14, 6727:April 4, 6364:17773111 6303:21921192 6100:Archived 6059:67758571 6002:56144432 5915:39251116 5824:April 2, 5390:July 27, 5067:(1): 6. 5044:April 6, 5014:April 6, 4983:April 5, 4962:April 5, 4666:24429610 4658:01586310 4622:(7483). 4412:24191033 4307:14204860 4226:June 15, 4193:Archived 4159:Archived 4125:Archived 4085:Archived 4027:BBC News 3865:June 14, 3789:BBC News 3700:July 25, 3645:June 16, 3622:22858074 3614:20056856 3312:Archived 2974:See also 2934:located 2688:program 2517:universe 2309:—in the 2051:below.) 2006:HAT-P-7b 1968:NGC 6791 1887:Scorpius 1810:such as 1342:40 1328:Delta II 1018:ecliptic 999:northern 943:below). 736:Sun-like 467:Diameter 350:0.036116 232:Delta II 167:Dry mass 60:Operator 17400:Portals 17300:InSight 17145:2018 AG 17131:2018 VG 17041:K2-239d 17036:K2-239c 17031:K2-239b 17026:K2-229b 17021:K2-155d 17016:K2-148b 17011:K2-146b 17006:K2-141b 16998:exomoon 16951:2018 WV 16939:2018 LF 16927:2018 PD 16915:2018 GE 16903:2018 DV 16891:2018 CY 16879:2018 CN 16873:2018 CL 16862:2018 CF 16832:2018 CC 16827:2018 CB 16816:2018 BF 16810:2018 BD 16805:2018 AH 16794:2017 YZ 16782:2017 YE 16770:2017 VR 16758:2010 WC 16728:2018 LA 16674:Mercury 16645:InSight 16633:Queqiao 16601: » 16592:« 16485:USA-211 16434:STS-129 16413:PROBA-2 16384:USA-210 16358:October 16338:USA-209 16330:USA-208 16296:Nimiq 5 16234:STS-128 16214:USA-206 16132:STS-127 16087:GOES 14 16009:STS-125 15998:USA-205 15963:RISAT-2 15948:USA-204 15920:USA-203 15904:STS-119 15836:NOAA-19 15810:Sohla-1 15793:Orion 6 15789:USA-202 15782:January 15673:Caltech 15653:(MAX-C) 15629:FINESSE 15608:SPHEREx 15554:Ulysses 15497:Rosetta 15481:Pioneer 15475:Phoenix 15416:(MarCO) 15402:Mariner 15385:Jason-1 15364:Genesis 15350:Galileo 15175:InSight 15074:Italics 14960:Oceanus 14945:CORSAIR 14786:Whipple 14718:Trident 14703:VERITAS 14693:DAVINCI 14629:Strofio 14589:DAVINCI 14582:VERITAS 14562:InSight 14532:CONTOUR 14527:Genesis 14387:(opera) 14367:(opera) 14356:Related 14345:Somnium 14188:Commons 14155:nearest 14128:Related 13996:Planned 13941:Current 13929:ASTERIA 13720:MINERVA 13705:MASCARA 13700:MARVELS 13653:HARPS-N 13618:EAPSNet 13613:CORALIE 13479:Related 13390:FINESSE 13368:Destiny 13351:Astro-G 13314:Tsubame 13306:Astro-E 13282:ABRIXAS 13136:Spitzer 13120:Solwind 13072:R/HESSI 13032:Orion 2 13024:Orion 1 12729:Kvant-1 12625:CHIPSat 12588:Astro-2 12568:Astro-1 12544:ASTERIA 12536:Ariel 6 12528:Ariel 5 12520:Ariel 4 12512:Ariel 3 12504:Ariel 2 12496:Ariel 1 12457:Retired 12448:THESEUS 12433:Solar-D 12428:PhoENiX 12273:(2030+) 12230:JASMINE 12198:Xuntian 12166:SPHEREx 12151:Planned 11700:NEOSSat 11595:Optical 11521:Queqiao 11421:by the 11399:YouTube 11369:by the 10751:Bibcode 10739:. A83. 10689:Bibcode 10677:. A63. 10400:Bibcode 10228:Bibcode 10059:5404044 10039:Bibcode 9971:May 21, 9850:8232628 9830:Bibcode 9712:Bibcode 9596:tables. 9519:May 20, 9461:9808447 9433:Bibcode 9131:May 31, 9104:2614136 9076:Bibcode 8847:Bibcode 8640:Bibcode 8521:Bibcode 8466:Bibcode 8404:Bibcode 8357:Ted.com 8311:Bibcode 8270:Bibcode 8225:Bibcode 8054:Bibcode 7881:Bibcode 7857:2019). 7801:1644869 7773:Bibcode 7771:: 709. 7756:Science 7316:Bibcode 7263:Bibcode 7210:Bibcode 7173:Bibcode 7030:Bibcode 6683:Bibcode 6671:: A37. 6624:Bibcode 6567:Bibcode 6451:Bibcode 6398:Bibcode 6344:Bibcode 6283:Bibcode 6264:Science 6164:Bibcode 6039:Bibcode 5982:Bibcode 5895:Bibcode 5585:May 13, 5555:May 16, 5367:. 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