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A wireless channel is characterized by its two end users. By transmitting pilot signals, these two users can estimate the channel between them and use the channel information to generate a key which is secret only to them. The common secret key for a group of users can be generated based on the
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use a combination of the two: one party receives the other's public key, and encrypts a small piece of data (either a symmetric key or some data used to generate it). The remainder of the conversation uses a (typically faster) symmetric-key algorithm for encryption.
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data generally produce better results, since this makes the initial conditions of the PRNG much more difficult for an attacker to guess. Another way to generate randomness is to utilize information outside the system.
122:(a disk encryption software) utilizes user mouse movements to generate unique seeds, in which users are encouraged to move their mouse sporadically. In other situations, the key is derived deterministically using a
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Classic cryptosystems invariably generate two identical keys at one end of the communication link and somehow transport one of the keys to the other end of the link. However, it simplifies
61:). Symmetric-key algorithms use a single shared key; keeping data secret requires keeping this key secret. Public-key algorithms use a
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Chan Dai Truyen Thai; Jemin Lee; Tony Q. S. Quek (Feb 2016). "Physical-Layer Secret Key
Generation with Colluding Untrusted Relays".
155:—simply attempting every number, up to the maximum length of the key. Therefore, it is important to use a sufficiently long
262:
Chan Dai Truyen Thai; Jemin Lee; Tony Q. S. Quek (Dec 2015). "Secret Group Key
Generation in Physical Layer for Mesh Topology".
159:; longer keys take exponentially longer to attack, rendering a brute-force attack impractical. Currently, key lengths of
73:). A sender encrypts data with the receiver's public key; only the holder of the private key can decrypt this data.
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of the participating parties need to cooperate to achieve a cryptographic task, such as decrypting a message.
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Since public-key algorithms tend to be much slower than symmetric-key algorithms, modern systems such as
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Zaman, Imam Uz; Lopez, Anthony
Bahadir; Faruque, Mohammad Abdullah Al; Boyraz, Ozdal (2018-12-15).
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197:: For some protocols, no party should be in the sole possession of the secret key. Rather, during
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287:"Physical Layer Cryptographic Key Generation by Exploiting PMD of an Optical Fiber Link"
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that produces data that appears random under analysis. PRNGs that use system entropy to
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163:(for symmetric key algorithms) and 2048 bits (for public-key algorithms) are common.
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A key can also be generated by exploiting the phase fluctuation in a fiber link.
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The simplest method to read encrypted data without actually decrypting it is a
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A device or program used to generate keys is called a key generator or
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69:. The public key is made available to anyone (often by means of a
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for keys. In some cases, keys are randomly generated using a
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266:. San Diego. pp. 1–6.
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146:Diffie–Hellman key exchange
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199:distributed key generation
195:Distributed key generation
37:Generation in cryptography
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241:10.1109/TWC.2015.2491935
201:, every party obtains a
43:symmetric-key algorithms
128:key derivation function
95:random number generator
55:public-key algorithms
303:2018JLwT...36.5903Z
71:digital certificate
153:brute-force attack
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