272:
226:
317:
stated he still refused to visit the court. Tahmasp I, already enraged at Khan Ahmad Khan for having Soltan Mahmud poisoned, and hiding the wanted Ghiyat al-Din Mansur from the
Safavids, sent a group of troops under several Qizilbash chieftains to Gilan to capture him. Khan Ahmad Khan quickly assembled his men and prepared for battle, but his army under Kiya Rostam, the military governor of Rasht, was shortly defeated, forcing him to flee.
326:
428:, together with a group of administrators and accountants, were sent to Gilan, where they improved the structure of tax charge and contribution, which, supposedly, was done at the demand of the residents who were discontent with the oppressive governorship of Mehdi Qoli Khan Shamlu. More likely, however, this reform took place due to the economic capability the province offered—its rich silk manufacture, tea,
316:
Tahmasp I, still hoping to be able to make peace, sent an aggressive letter to Khan Ahmad Khan, reciting his crimes and rebellious behaviour, but promising to pardon him if he would visit the court. The latter shortly sent a letter back, making excuses for not visiting the court for 20 years, but
364:, due to his claim to the throne. They thereafter crowned him as the new shah. After his accession, he ordered Khan Ahmad Khan to be released, an order, which, however, was not executed by his men. Ismail II was assassinated the following year, and was succeeded by his older but weaker brother
263:
chieftains. A certain Soltan Mahmud, who was a son of
Mozaffar Soltan, was then appointed as the new ruler of Bia-pas. However, Khan Ahmad Khan once again complained to the court, stating that Soltan Mahmud was not unable to rule. Soltan Mahmud was shortly exiled to
192:, since Khan Ahmad Khan had no male successor. Khan Ahmad Khan disagreed due to the age of his daughter. This and some other economic factors caused a Safavid raid in 1591 and Khan Ahmad Khan escaped to
337:
The
Safavid army in Gilan brought horror to its inhabitants by looting and destroying estates and killing people while searching for Khan Ahmad Khan, who was in the end captured and imprisoned in the
282:
Tahmasp I, in order to reduce the power of Khan Ahmad Khan, who had shown signs of misbehaviour and had not been at the court for 20 years, appointed a son of Soltan Mahmud and a relative of his,
237:, died in 1538 because of plague. Khan Ahmad Khan, who was only an infant at the time of his father's death, was thereafter crowned as the new king of the Karkiya dynasty of Bia-pish (eastern
392:. Right when Khan Ahmad Khan arrived in Gilan, he invaded Bia-pas, but was routed by Jamshid Khan, who had the captives slaughtered and their heads put together so it looked like a
241:). He was shortly given Bia-pas (western Gilan), thus becoming the ruler of whole Gilan. However, the brutality of the Karkiya army in Bia-pas made its inhabitants invite a certain
245:
to become the ruler of Bia-pas. This Amira
Shahrok was a distant relative of Mozaffar Soltan, who was the former ruler of Bia-pas, but had been burned alive by the
271:
259:(r. 1524–1576). Seven years later, Khan Ahmad Khan managed to persuade Tahmasp I to have Amira Shahrok executed, who was unable to meet the demands of the
414:
Khvajeh Masih Gilani, who had earlier fled to the
Safavid court, played a major role in the invasion of Gilan, and was for that awarded with the title of
639:
234:
388:
Khan Ahmad Khan's return to Gilan was the start of a new period of fierce conflicts that would last for 15 years and would even involve the governor of
831:
242:
294:. Although Khan Ahmad Khan had accepted to cede Bia-pas, he refused to cede Kuchesfahan, which he claimed had always been a part of Bia-pish.
291:
432:, and lumber encouraged Abbas I to dispatch his most prominent officers to overhaul the economic system of the province in a just approach.
821:
826:
688:
225:
252:
Amira
Shahrok first arrived to Bia-pas a few years later (January 1544), where he began minting coins in the name of the Safavid
540:
801:
268:, where he was shortly poisoned under the orders of Khan Ahmad Khan. He thus became the sole ruler of Gilan once again.
624:
404:
Shah Abbas arrived in
Lahijan a few days later, where he had Khan Ahmad Khan's palace totally destroyed, and appointed
396:. This, however, did not stop Khan Ahmad Khan's hopes of conquering Bia-pas, which he would invade several more times.
582:
561:
408:
as the governor of Bia-pish, while Ali Beg Soltan was appointed as the governor of Bia-pas. Khan Ahmad Khan's former
836:
603:
519:
422:
806:
681:
313:, was killed and beheaded—his head was sent to Khan Ahmad Khan, who shortly entered Rasht in celebration.
360:
When
Tahmasp died in 1576, Ismail was freed by his Qizilbash supporters, who shortly killed his brother
372:(who was a close relative of Khan Ahmad Khan) had Khan Ahmad Khan released. He was thereafter taken to
349:. Tahmasp, worrying that a rebellion would occur in the castle, sent Khan Ahmad Khan to a fortress in
298:
697:
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405:
666:
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530:
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189:
8:
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302:
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599:
578:
557:
536:
342:
181:
120:
286:, as the new ruler of Bia-pas. Furthermore, he also ordered Khan Ahmad Khan to give
204:, spending fruitless attempts to return to power. He died in 1596 and was buried in
745:
701:
159:
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572:
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54:
28:
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to Gilan in order to make peace. In June 1567, Khan Ahmad Khan's commander
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185:
125:
113:
297:
This resulted in the latter rebelling. Tahmasp I then sent an envoy under
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209:
616:
The
Practice of Politics in Safavid Iran: Power, Religion and Rhetoric
346:
275:
260:
256:
325:
507:
Kasheff, Manouchehr (2001). "GĪLĀN v. History under the
Safavids".
657:
595:
The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600-1730
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350:
201:
143:
71:
518:
Matthee, Rudi (1999). "FARHĀD KHAN QARAMĀNLŪ, ROKN-AL-SALṬANA".
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253:
178:
309:. Around the same time, Yulqoli Beg Zu'l-Qadr, who was at
486:
484:
442:
380:) in marriage and restored him as the ruler of Bia-pish.
376:, where Mohammad Khodabanda gave him one of his sisters (
481:
16:
King of the Karkiya dynasty (1537-1596) (r. 1538-1592)
345:. During his time there, he befriended Tahmasp's son
793:
535:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 1–253.
184:(r. 1588–1629) asked Khan Ahmad Khan's daughter
196:territories, and spent the rest of his life in
598:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–290.
574:Slaves of the Shah: New Elites of Safavid Iran
682:
305:inflicted a heavy defeat on Amira Sasan near
532:Women in Iran from the Rise of Islam to 1800
689:
675:
528:
553:Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire
174:, ruling from 1538 to 1592. In 1591, the
612:
490:
421:A few years later—in 1594/5—the Safavid
324:
270:
224:
832:Iranian emigrants to the Ottoman Empire
591:
517:
506:
475:
357:, where he would remain for 10 years.
794:
570:
549:
510:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 6
670:
368:, who, at the proposal of his queen
163:
13:
529:Nashat, Guity; Beck, Lois (2003).
14:
848:
822:Prisoners held at Qahqaheh Castle
827:Rebellions against Safavid Iran
383:
320:
208:, one of the holiest cities of
619:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–304.
577:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–218.
556:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–281.
220:
1:
435:
399:
215:
166:), was the last king of the
7:
802:16th-century Iranian people
613:Mitchell, Colin P. (2009).
418:("the elder") of Bia-pish.
10:
853:
550:Newman, Andrew J. (2008).
500:
233:Khan Ahmad Khan's father,
711:
654:
644:
636:
290:back to its former ruler
139:
131:
119:
109:
93:
81:
65:
61:
50:
42:
34:
26:
21:
278:, 16th-century portrait.
571:Babaie, Sussan (2004).
592:Matthee, Rudi (1999).
406:Mehdi Qoli Khan Shamlu
334:
279:
230:
837:16th-century Twelvers
739:Soltan-Mohammad Kiya
727:Amir Sayyed Mohammad
521:Encyclopaedia Iranica
328:
299:Yulqoli Beg Zu'l-Qadr
274:
228:
249:two years earlier.
229:Map of northern Iran
190:Mohammad Baqer Mirza
807:People from Lahijan
513:. pp. 635–642.
478:, pp. 635–642.
370:Khayr al-Nisa Begum
366:Mohammad Khodabanda
362:Haydar Mirza Safavi
771:Soltan-Hasan Kiya
759:Soltan-Ahmad Khan
733:Sayyed Naser Kiya
426:Hatem Beg Ordubadi
335:
303:Shah Mansur Lahiji
280:
231:
144:Twelver Shia Islam
789:
788:
782:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
706:
665:
664:
655:Succeeded by
640:Soltan-Hasan Kiya
542:978-0-252-07121-8
235:Soltan-Hasan Kiya
188:to marry his son
149:
148:
135:Soltan-Hasan Kiya
46:Soltan-Hasan Kiya
844:
780:
772:
766:
765:Soltan-Kiya Ali
760:
754:
748:
746:Soltan-Ali Mirza
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
704:
702:Kar-Kiya dynasty
691:
684:
677:
668:
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652:1538–1592
637:Preceded by
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778:Khan Ahmad Khan
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661:
651:
648:Karkiya dynasty
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585:
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543:
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443:
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402:
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339:Qahqaheh Castle
331:Qahqaheh Castle
329:Picture of the
323:
223:
218:
168:Karkiya dynasty
152:Khan Ahmad Khan
105:
86:
70:
29:Karkiya dynasty
22:Khan Ahmad Khan
17:
12:
11:
5:
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840:
839:
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819:
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787:
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755:(1504/05–1506)
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749:(1478–1504/05)
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493:, p. 180.
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799:
797:
779:
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773:(1534/5–1538)
770:
767:(1534–1534/5)
764:
758:
753:Soltan-Hasan
752:
747:
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25:
20:
777:
717:(1370s–1389)
705:(1370s–1592)
646:King of the
645:
615:
594:
573:
552:
531:
520:
509:
476:Kasheff 2001
423:grand vizier
420:
415:
409:
403:
387:
384:Second reign
378:Maryam Begum
359:
336:
321:Imprisonment
315:
296:
284:Jamshid Khan
281:
251:
232:
186:Yakhan Begum
164:خان احمد خان
151:
150:
126:Yakhan Begum
114:Maryam Begum
27:King of the
817:1596 deaths
812:1537 births
781:(1538–1592)
761:(1506–1534)
741:(1448–1478)
735:(1430–1448)
729:(1394–1430)
723:(1389–1394)
307:Siah-rudbar
292:Amira Sasan
288:Kuchesfahan
221:First reign
43:Predecessor
796:Categories
721:Hady Kiya
605:0521641314
436:References
416:rish-safīd
343:Azerbaijan
210:Shia Islam
182:Shah Abbas
715:Ali Kiya
400:Aftermath
276:Tahmasp I
261:Qizilbash
257:Tahmasp I
216:Biography
51:Successor
38:1538-1592
247:Safavids
140:Religion
57:conquest
700:of the
658:Safavid
501:Sources
394:minaret
390:Shirvan
351:Estakhr
202:Baghdad
194:Ottoman
176:Safavid
160:Persian
72:Lahijan
55:Safavid
698:Rulers
623:
602:
581:
560:
539:
430:caviar
411:vizier
374:Qazvin
347:Ismail
266:Shiraz
156:Gilaki
132:Father
110:Spouse
94:Burial
311:Rasht
239:Gilan
206:Najaf
172:Gilan
121:Issue
99:Najaf
76:Gilan
35:Reign
660:rule
621:ISBN
600:ISBN
579:ISBN
558:ISBN
537:ISBN
355:Fars
254:shah
200:and
179:shah
103:Iraq
85:1596
82:Died
69:1537
66:Born
353:in
341:in
170:in
798::
483:^
444:^
212:.
162::
101:,
74:,
690:e
683:t
676:v
629:.
608:.
587:.
566:.
545:.
524:.
333:.
158:/
154:(
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