560:
393:
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45:
792:
719:
128:
122:
107:
101:
610:
337:
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438:, and the Club for Polish Noblemen. During the 1880s, its wooden-built restaurants and taverns were being replaced by stone-built multi-storey houses and shops. The street, with its departmental stores and hotels, was called "the only real street in Kiev," and, along with the city’s larger churches, became its central modern attraction for visitors.
705:
617:
In 1944, the Soviet authorities planned to enlarge
Khreschatyk when it was rebuilt. After the end of the war, 30 damaged buildings that could have been restored were demolished. The thoroughfare was rebuilt in the 1950s and 1960s. It was widened to become 75–100 metres (246–328 ft) wide, and new
575:
troops had occupied the city, radio-controlled explosions were set off from over 400 kilometres (250 mi) away. The demolition of
Khreshchatyk became the first operation in history where the long-distance radio-controlled explosions were used for military purposes. This unprecedented method of
687:
1686:
370:. Construction of the street started at the end of the 18th century, when the ravine began to be filled in. The first houses, built in 1797, were wooden, with the earliest recorded building being the late 18th-century mansion of a landowner called Golovinsky.
429:
347:
In 1770, the doctor and diarist John Lerche described the landscape: "At the end of the
Pechersk suburb, there is a narrow road (Khreshchatytskaya) due to a deep gulley or valley; but it cannot be avoided, because it connects all three cities."
414:
298:
now occupied by
Khreshchatyk was originally a forest-covered valley with a stream flowing through it. In ancient times, it was a hunting place where Kyiv residents hung out nets to catch wild animals,which gave the ancient name of the area,
749:. The protesters' main tent encampment was situated in the street. At its peak, over a million people from all around Ukraine attended the rally. In late 2013, Khreshchatyk became one of the centres of the
700:
1696:
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had first appeared in the city in 1869, and steam-powered trams a few years later; but the terrain was too hilly for them, and they sometimes ran out of control downhill. In 1892, the first electric
559:
2477:
682:
384:
361:
780:
236:
2213:
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took place on
Khreshchatyk, at the Kyiv City Council building. In 2010, Khreshchatyk was listed as one of Europe's most expensive streets for renting commercial space. The
1168:
745:
ordered the area to be fenced off as a construction site. In the winter of 2004, Khreshchatyk and Maidan
Nezalezhnosti became the centre of the main public protests of the
424:
764:. It was reported that Russian forces were expecting to parade down Khreshchatyk within three days of the start of the invasion, and that some soldiers had been issued
268:
2165:
597:
and simultaneously military governor of
Ukraine during the previous German occupation, who in 1918 had been assassinated on Khreshchatyk by the social revolutionary
554:
1934:
1400:
378:
In 1804–1806, the first theatre in Kyiv was built at one end of the street. It was a wooden structure that was later demolished and replaced by the three-storey
2170:
1898:
263:
2093:
1261:
1190:
530:
After the establishment of the Soviet authorities, Khreshchatyk became a place where celebrations, labour demonstrations, and military parades took place.
419:. From 1868 banks started to be located on Khreshchatyk. The Kyiv Stock Exchange was built in 1869. The thoroughfare became one of the most famous in the
1355:
366:
above the ravine. These had been reduced to ruins by the early 19th century, when they were removed, leaving a square at the foot the hill at the modern
2837:
2196:
2135:
2076:
464:
in the empire ran in Kyiv, and the
Russian Empire's first electric tram was extended from Khreshchatyk to Podol. In 1904, the pavement was laid with
409:
2399:
379:
761:
692:, to "calm people" and "prevent panic" caused by the disaster. Thousands of Kyivans, including many children, were exposed to dangerous doses of
356:
1351:
2208:
1913:
1710:
776:
232:
1284:
1021:
541:, an early Bolshevik diplomat who had been assassinated in Switzerland. In 1934–1935 the street was re-paved, the tram line was removed and a
434:
was built on the street in 1874–1876. Other notable buildings constructed during this period were the
Merchants' Hall, the concert hall, the
1231:
408:
end. Its current design emerged in 1837 when it was planned as Kyiv's principal street by architects that included the city architect,
392:
2071:
1985:
442:
1582:
2457:
1494:
207:, the capital city of Ukraine. The street is 1.2 kilometres (0.75 mi) long, and runs in a northeast-southwest direction from
2842:
2644:
1833:
1558:
Demes, Pavol; Forbrig, Joerg (2006). "Pora - 'It's Time' for
Democracy in Ukraine". In Åslund, Anders; McFaul, Michael (eds.).
2788:
1788:
1726:
1428:
899:
2283:
1659:
1634:
1609:
1571:
1524:
456:
in 1872, and by electricity in the 1890s. In 1897 it was still the only street in the city with electric lights. Horse-drawn
1808:
from Kyiv Heritage Guide (detailed information about individual buildings and their occupants on Khreschatyk) (in Ukrainian)
1113:
2394:
2384:
2258:
2088:
2066:
2023:
2482:
1048:
2130:
1670:
2509:
2467:
2336:
2191:
1313:
1205:
852:
576:
warfare caused panic and brought heavy casualties among both the occupiers and city's remaining civilian population.
533:
Between the wars, Khreshchatyk underwent major development and reconstruction. Between 1923 and 1937, it was renamed
500:
91:
1751:
1467:
2120:
1980:
757:
121:
106:
2770:
1671:"National originality of the architecture of Khreshchatyk as a unique ensemble of the period of totalitarianism"
524:
2278:
2273:
2263:
2160:
772:
492:
100:
674:
was opened in 1960, and became the system's first transfer station upon the opening of a second line in 1976.
2659:
2472:
2225:
2125:
20:
1688:Живописная Россия: Отечество наше в его земельном, историческом, племенном, экономическом и бытовом значении
801:
Khreshchatyk is a popular attraction for visitors to the city and residents. During weekends, the street is
2847:
2346:
2150:
1959:
836:
731:
639:
2654:
805:. It is a traditional setting for outdoor concerts and festivals, and is frequented by street musicians.
479:
Revolutionary rallies and demonstrations took place on the street in 1901, 1902, 1905, and in June 1917.
127:
1598:
1560:
1262:"A consolideted unit of the Army Academy is taken part in the preparations for Independence Day in Kyiv"
2649:
2242:
2232:
2061:
1924:
1826:
1146:
860:
520:
488:
435:
397:
228:
116:
567:
During World War II, almost every building on Khreshchatyk was laid with explosives by the retreating
2452:
1626:
671:
95:
2832:
2639:
2431:
2331:
2268:
2145:
2016:
1651:
737:
In 2000/2001, Khreshchatyk and Maidan Nezalezhnosti became the centre of the mass protest campaign
281:
neo-classical style after the end of the war, and has been renovated since Ukraine's independence.
2406:
1929:
1908:
1693:
Picturesque Russia: Our Fatherland in its land, historical, tribal, economic and everyday meaning
817:
512:
259:
471:
2326:
1883:
1377:
856:
738:
619:
405:
278:
208:
112:
1239:
2827:
2237:
2175:
2036:
1819:
750:
516:
140:
2720:
2306:
2301:
2001:
1878:
1309:
742:
648:). The picturesque quality of Khreshchatyk was enhanced by the street being replanted with
586:
367:
212:
152:
1800:
8:
2664:
2565:
2389:
2203:
2009:
1893:
656:
274:
2725:
2155:
1873:
1704:
1502:
1184:
678:
660:
216:
199:
187:
162:
2705:
2595:
2545:
2366:
2341:
2081:
1944:
1761:
1655:
1630:
1605:
1567:
1094:. National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
809:
746:
623:
446:
224:
220:
1401:"The battle for Kyiv revisited: the litany of mistakes that cost Russia a quick win"
655:
The street was used for demonstrations and parades in honour of 1 May (until 1969),
2765:
2669:
2570:
2555:
2540:
2436:
1903:
907:
828:(a small narrow commercial and residential street), and the City Council building.
813:
310:
44:
1532:
1378:"Kyiv readies for Ukrainian Independence Day with display of ruined Russian tanks"
1049:"Victory parade of Poles and Ukrainians on Khreschatyk: how it was on May 9, 1920"
2740:
2735:
2356:
2351:
1975:
1645:
1620:
1123:
727:
594:
244:
2760:
2745:
2730:
2715:
2610:
2600:
2580:
2575:
2560:
2550:
2441:
2361:
2321:
1954:
1793:
1118:
1056:
538:
420:
352:
1765:
404:
Khreshchatyk began to be developed in the 1830s and 1840s, beginning from the
2821:
2803:
2790:
2710:
2605:
2522:
2447:
2220:
1949:
1317:
1204:
Kubijovyč, Volodymyr; Pavlovsky, Vadym; Stebelsky, Ihor; Zhukovsky, Arkadii.
848:
802:
598:
590:
563:
The remains of part of the street following its destruction in September 1941
496:
2750:
2684:
2679:
2585:
2517:
2497:
1970:
1858:
1405:
825:
765:
572:
453:
1285:"Ukrainians protest for regime change (Ukraine Without Kuchma), 2000-2003"
791:
250:
Khreshchatyk was deliberately destroyed during World War II by retreating
2755:
2140:
693:
508:
330:
1779:
1734:
666:
The street was one of the first parts of the city to be serviced by the
2689:
2492:
2032:
1939:
1528:
1498:
1472:
851:
system, serve the street. Passengers are able to transfer by foot from
718:
667:
542:
1811:
1562:
Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukraine's Democratic Breakthrough
622:. Important buildings of the new ensemble include the headquarters of
1853:
821:
795:
783:, and a number of cinemas and hotels, are all located on the street.
760:, the annual Kyiv parade was cancelled, and in its place there was a
609:
504:
461:
240:
1171:. UPI. 3 August 1989. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022
336:
2674:
832:
649:
568:
255:
251:
1647:
Der Nister's Soviet Years: Yiddish Writer as Witness to the People
1468:"Ukraine: Young Entrepreneurs Taking Matters into Their Own Hands"
2590:
2502:
1232:"Khreshchatyk rated among Europe's top 20 most expensive streets"
1091:
468:
cobbles, having been first provided with a hard surface in 1888,
465:
1203:
507:
forces all controlled Kyiv at various times. On 9 May 1920, the
1695:] (in Russian). Vol. 5. St. Petersburg. Archived from
1622:
Urban Protest: A Spatial Perspective on Kyiv, Minsk, and Moscow
710:
during heavy rain, killing a dozen people and injuring others.
333:, ran along much of the valley. A road ran beside the stream.
326:
1566:. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
2316:
2103:
322:
2031:
1760:]. Moscow: University Printing House. pp. 148–150.
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
882:
880:
878:
876:
329:. A small river, the Khreshchatyk River, a tributary of the
1780:
The concept of Khreshchatyk architecture after World War II
734:, passing through Khreshchatyk, have been held since 1994.
457:
355:
times, the fortifications of the Upper Town existed across
341:
295:
204:
80:
1331:
1122:. Vol. 98, no. 23. 13 July 1996. Archived from
1052:
985:
873:
762:
display of the burnt remains of Russian military vehicles
445:
met at the apartment of 19th-century Ukrainian historian
722:
Imperial, Stalinist and modern buildings on Khreshchatyk
1497:[Maidan Nezalezhnosti station] (in Ukrainian).
2171:
Agreement on settlement of political crisis in Ukraine
1071:
914:
1604:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
1447:
1352:"U.S. Protests and Lessons from Ukraine's EuroMaidan"
926:
781:
State Committee for Television and Radio-broadcasting
726:
On 24 July 1990, the first ceremonial raising of the
325:), as it lies in a valley that is crossed by several
1527:[L. Tolstoy Square station] (in Ukrainian).
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
237:
State Committee of Television and Radio Broadcasting
961:
847:Four of the stations of the Kyiv Metro, the city's
1597:
1559:
1092:"Unknown Khreschatyk, or why wait until tomorrow?"
482:
177:pedestrianised during weekends and public holidays
1399:Sabbagh, Dan; Koshiw, Isobel (28 December 2022).
1314:"The Orange Revolution and the Maidan Parliament"
1264:. Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy
973:
938:
2819:
1189:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
579:Under German occupation, the street was renamed
1801:
1169:"Eleven killed in post office collapse in Kiev"
643:
633:
627:
300:
32:
571:troops. On 24 September 1941, five days after
254:troops. Among the notable buildings that were
2017:
1827:
1398:
1147:"Post-war Khreschatyk: Price is the question"
741:. To keep the protesters out, the city mayor
475:The demonstration on Khreshchatyk, March 1917
373:
2400:European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement
1789:Khreshchatyk, the history of the main street
1557:
1337:
808:Points of interest include the 19th-century
580:
59:
1580:
1004:
886:
839:(9 May), and Independence Day (24 August).
831:Major parades and celebrations are held on
701:Kyiv Central Post Office building collapsed
618:buildings were erected in the Neoclassical
2024:
2010:
1834:
1820:
1727:"Kyiv and Kreshchatyk: The Paradox of War"
1709:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1465:
1349:
604:
2838:Shopping districts and streets in Ukraine
2072:International reactions to the Euromaidan
1435:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
1212:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
1144:
1028:. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
443:Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius
1750:Zakrevskiĭ, Nikolaĭ Vasilʹevich (1858).
1684:
1643:
1375:
1077:
920:
790:
717:
608:
558:
470:
391:
335:
1841:
1668:
967:
932:
2820:
1618:
1466:Chausovsky, Eugene (3 November 2016).
1453:
1392:
1308:
1282:
1089:
1046:
523:. They were driven out by the Russian
2284:2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election
2126:Fall of the monument to Lenin in Kyiv
2005:
1815:
1426:
1343:
1019:
1015:
1013:
818:Metrohrad underground shopping centre
487:During the period of chaos after the
198:
2395:European Union Association Agreement
2259:2014 Ukrainian presidential election
2089:Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes
2067:Domestic responses to the Euromaidan
1595:
1420:
1224:
1106:
979:
955:
777:Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food
713:
553:Further information (in Ukrainian):
233:Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food
58:Wacław Worowski Street (1923–1937),
2209:2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia
2046:21 November 2013 – 23 February 2014
1581:Dobrovolsky, Anatoliy, ed. (1981).
1517:
1487:
1459:
1369:
1302:
1276:
1254:
1197:
1161:
1138:
1083:
1040:
683:1986 May Day parade on Khreshchatyk
309:is believed to be derived from the
247:, are all located on Khreshchatyk.
13:
2510:Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People
2468:Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists
1718:
1376:Peterson, Nolan (22 August 2022).
1350:Chausovsky, Eugene (1 July 2020).
1145:Shirochyn, Semyon (8 April 2022).
1010:
892:
681:, the Soviet authorities held the
14:
2859:
1773:
1758:A Description of the City of Kyiv
1433:Internet Encyclopaedia of Ukraine
1289:Global Nonviolent Action Database
1283:Bailey, Lydia (9 February 2013).
1210:Internet Encyclopaedia of Ukraine
1116:[Mirror of the Century].
1026:Internet Encyclopaedia of Ukraine
855:to Khreshchatyk, as well as from
842:
2385:Ukraine–European Union relations
2102:
1753:Лътопись И Описдніе Города Кіева
1725:Chueva, Oksana (10 April 2006).
758:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
126:
120:
105:
99:
43:
1495:"Станція "Майдан Незалежності""
1022:"Ukrainian-Soviet War, 1917–21"
816:in the Besarabsky Quarter, the
548:
483:Pre-World War II Soviet Ukraine
262:, the Kyiv Stock Exchange, the
2843:Shevchenkivskyi District, Kyiv
2279:2014 Donbas status referendums
2274:2014 Crimean status referendum
2264:2014 Ukrainian local elections
2161:2014 Hrushevskoho Street riots
1685:Semenova, P. P., ed. (1897) .
1584:Київ. Енциклопедичний довідник
786:
773:Kyiv City State Administration
521:victory parade on Khreshchatyk
277:. The street was rebuilt in a
1:
2204:Russian military intervention
2136:Ukrainian–Russian action plan
1525:"Станція "Площа Л. Толстого""
1047:Rukkas, Andriy (9 May 2020).
866:
732:Kyiv Independence Day Parades
620:Stalinist architectural style
613:Khreshchatyk during the 1980s
593:and the supreme commander of
21:Khreshchatyk (disambiguation)
2645:Ministry of Internal Affairs
2151:Anti-protest laws in Ukraine
632:), the Central Post Office (
16:Main street of Kyiv, Ukraine
7:
2655:Security Service of Ukraine
2094:Damaged communist monuments
1600:Kiev: A Portrait, 1800–1917
1589:Kyiv: An Encyclopedic Guide
525:Bolshevik counter-offensive
10:
2864:
2650:Internal Troops of Ukraine
2243:Decommunization in Ukraine
2233:First Yatsenyuk government
2062:Timeline of the Euromaidan
1783:(in Ukrainian and Russian)
1644:Krutikov, Mikhail (2019).
1551:
835:(the last Sunday of May),
679:Chernobyl nuclear accident
552:
489:Russian Revolution of 1917
374:19th century - World War I
289:
284:
72:1.2 km (0.75 mi)
18:
2698:
2632:
2623:
2533:
2424:
2415:
2375:
2292:
2251:
2184:
2111:
2100:
2052:
2043:
1867:
1849:
1802:
1627:Columbia University Press
1596:Hamm, Michael F. (1993).
812:, the shops, offices and
191:
173:
168:
158:
146:
136:
87:
76:
68:
60:
54:
42:
33:
2640:Second Azarov government
2483:United Left and Peasants
2269:2014 Kyiv local election
2146:Vasylkiv terrorists case
2131:11 December 2013 assault
1945:National Musical Academy
1854:Central Department Store
1652:Indiana University Press
1380:. Coffee or Die Magazine
1338:Demes & Forbrig 2006
810:Besarabsky indoor Market
203:) is the main street of
2407:Constitution of Ukraine
2192:2014 pro-Russian unrest
1669:Oliynyk, Olena (2018).
728:Ukrainian national flag
605:Post-war Soviet Ukraine
555:The 1941 mining of Kyiv
1797:, 13–19 September 1997
1678:E3S Web of Conferences
803:closed to road traffic
798:
739:Ukraine without Kuchma
723:
644:
634:
628:
614:
581:
564:
476:
401:
344:
301:
200:[xreˈʃt͡ʃɑtɪk]
2804:50.44722°N 30.52194°E
2432:Maidan People's Union
2347:Trade Unions Building
2238:Lustration in Ukraine
2176:Revolution of Dignity
2121:1 December 2013 riots
2037:Revolution of Dignity
1986:Parliamentary Library
1960:Trade Unions Building
1619:Hansen, Arve (2021).
1591:] (in Ukrainian).
1310:Miller, William Green
794:
751:Revolution of Dignity
721:
699:In 1989, part of the
677:A few days after the
640:Trade Unions Building
612:
562:
474:
395:
339:
241:TsUM department store
223:. The offices of the
88:Nearest metro station
2721:Vitaliy Zakharchenko
2489:Civic organizations
2302:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
2166:2014 RSA occupations
1899:Bessarabskyi Quarter
1879:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
1806:(Khreschatyk Street}
1699:on 9 September 2018.
1427:Zhukovsky, Arkadii.
1090:Stefanoviс, Dmitry.
1020:Zhukovsky, Arkadii.
853:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
743:Oleksandr Omelchenko
672:Khreshchatyk station
587:Hermann von Eichhorn
368:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
153:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
92:Maidan Nezalezhnosti
49:Khreshchatyk in 2017
19:For other uses, see
2848:Pecherskyi District
2800: /
2665:Militsiya (Ukraine)
2566:Oleksandr Turchynov
2473:Democratic Alliance
2444:opposition parties
2390:Eastern Partnership
2332:Hrushevskoho Street
1925:Central Post Office
1894:Bessarabskyi Market
1843:Khreshchatyk Street
1356:New Lines Institute
1312:(18 January 2005).
1242:on 16 December 2013
771:Kyiv City Council,
766:ceremonial uniforms
657:Victory Day (9 May)
436:Central Post Office
398:Central Post Office
275:Ginsburg Skyscraper
39:
2809:50.44722; 30.52194
2771:Oleksandr Klymenko
2726:Oleksandr Yefremov
2156:2014 Odesa clashes
1930:City Duma building
1874:Bessarabska Square
1731:Ukrainian Observer
799:
768:for that purpose.
724:
661:October Revolution
645:Budynok Profspilok
615:
565:
477:
402:
345:
217:Bessarabska Square
163:Bessarabska Square
28:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2706:Viktor Yanukovych
2619:
2618:
2596:Tetiana Chornovol
2546:Arseniy Yatsenyuk
2367:Kyiv Conservatory
2342:Kyiv City Council
1999:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1981:Kyiv Philharmonic
1661:978-02530-4-188-3
1636:978-38382-1-495-5
1611:978-14008-5-151-5
1573:978-08700-3-221-9
910:on 22 April 2022.
747:Orange Revolution
714:Post-independence
624:Kyiv City Council
515:celebrated their
449:on Khreshchatyk.
447:Mykola Kostomarov
225:Kyiv City Council
221:Besarabsky Market
181:
180:
2855:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2766:Dmytro Tabachnyk
2670:Party of Regions
2630:
2629:
2571:Yulia Tymoshenko
2556:Petro Poroshenko
2541:Vitali Klitschko
2514:Militant groups
2437:Euromaidan Press
2422:
2421:
2106:
2082:Heavenly Hundred
2026:
2019:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1904:PinchukArtCentre
1870:
1869:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1784:
1769:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1737:on 11 March 2007
1733:. Archived from
1714:
1708:
1700:
1681:
1675:
1665:
1640:
1615:
1603:
1592:
1577:
1565:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1535:on 13 March 2007
1531:. Archived from
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1505:on 13 March 2007
1501:. Archived from
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1238:. Archived from
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1055:. Archived from
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1017:
1008:
1005:Dobrovolsky 1981
1002:
983:
977:
971:
965:
959:
953:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
911:
906:. Archived from
896:
890:
887:Dobrovolsky 1981
884:
814:PinchukArtCentre
709:
691:
647:
637:
631:
584:
539:Vatslav Vorovsky
433:
418:
388:
365:
304:
272:
202:
197:
193:
130:
124:
109:
103:
63:
62:
47:
40:
37:
36:
35:
27:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2833:Streets in Kyiv
2818:
2817:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2775:
2741:Mykhailo Dobkin
2736:Hennadiy Kernes
2694:
2625:
2615:
2529:
2417:
2411:
2377:
2371:
2357:Mariinskyi Park
2352:Ukrainian House
2327:European Square
2294:
2288:
2247:
2180:
2113:
2107:
2098:
2054:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1976:Ukrainian House
1964:
1918:
1884:European Square
1863:
1845:
1840:
1803:Хрещатик вулиця
1787:Petrova, Olga.
1782:
1776:
1749:
1740:
1738:
1724:
1721:
1719:Further reading
1702:
1701:
1673:
1662:
1637:
1612:
1574:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1202:
1198:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1059:on 18 July 2020
1045:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1018:
1011:
1003:
986:
978:
974:
966:
962:
954:
939:
935:, pp. 2–3.
931:
927:
919:
915:
898:
897:
893:
885:
874:
869:
845:
789:
716:
703:
685:
607:
595:Army Group Kyiv
582:Eichhornstrasse
557:
551:
545:service began.
535:Vorovsky Street
517:capture of Kyiv
485:
452:The street was
427:
412:
410:Ludvik Stanzani
406:European Square
382:
376:
359:
340:A 1780s map of
292:
287:
266:
245:Ukrainian House
209:European Square
195:
148:
141:European Square
132:
111:
50:
38:
31:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2861:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:Leonid Kozhara
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:Viktor Pshonka
2743:
2738:
2733:
2731:Andriy Klyuyev
2728:
2723:
2718:
2716:Serhiy Arbuzov
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2611:Refat Chubarov
2608:
2603:
2601:Dmytro Bulatov
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2581:Andriy Sadovyi
2578:
2576:Andriy Parubiy
2573:
2568:
2563:
2561:Yuriy Lutsenko
2558:
2553:
2551:Oleh Tyahnybok
2548:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:Other parties
2462:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2362:October Palace
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2337:Dynamo Stadium
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Bankova Street
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1955:October Palace
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1798:
1794:Zerkalo Nedeli
1785:
1775:
1774:External links
1772:
1771:
1770:
1747:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1682:
1666:
1660:
1641:
1635:
1616:
1610:
1593:
1578:
1572:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1516:
1486:
1458:
1456:, p. 141.
1446:
1429:"Khreshchatyk"
1419:
1391:
1368:
1342:
1330:
1301:
1275:
1253:
1223:
1196:
1160:
1137:
1126:on 12 May 2005
1119:Zerkalo Nedeli
1114:"Зеркало Века"
1105:
1082:
1070:
1039:
1009:
1007:, p. 832.
984:
972:
960:
937:
925:
923:, p. 259.
913:
900:"Khreshchatyk"
891:
889:, p. 831.
871:
870:
868:
865:
844:
843:Transportation
841:
788:
785:
756:Following the
715:
712:
606:
603:
550:
547:
527:within weeks.
511:under General
503:, and Russian
484:
481:
421:Russian Empire
380:European Hotel
375:
372:
291:
288:
286:
283:
264:National Hotel
260:Kyiv City Duma
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
89:
85:
84:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
61:Eichhornstraße
56:
55:Former name(s)
52:
51:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2860:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2816:
2813:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:Mykola Azarov
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:Organizations
2631:
2628:
2622:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:Dmytro Yarosh
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2523:Spilna Sprava
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Batkivshchyna
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:Parliamentary
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:Organizations
2423:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2221:War in Donbas
2219:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Hotel Ukraina
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1450:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1379:
1372:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1340:, p. 96.
1339:
1334:
1319:
1318:Wilson Center
1315:
1311:
1305:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1263:
1257:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1170:
1164:
1148:
1141:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1093:
1086:
1080:, p. 83.
1079:
1078:Krutikov 2019
1074:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
982:, p. 29.
981:
976:
969:
964:
958:, p. 32.
957:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
934:
929:
922:
921:Semenova 1897
917:
909:
905:
901:
895:
888:
883:
881:
879:
877:
872:
864:
862:
861:Zoloti Vorota
858:
854:
850:
849:rapid transit
840:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
797:
793:
784:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
720:
711:
707:
702:
697:
696:as a result.
695:
689:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
653:
651:
646:
641:
636:
630:
625:
621:
611:
602:
600:
599:Boris Donskoy
596:
592:
591:field marshal
588:
583:
577:
574:
570:
561:
556:
546:
544:
540:
536:
531:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
480:
473:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
439:
437:
431:
426:
422:
416:
411:
407:
399:
394:
390:
386:
381:
371:
369:
363:
358:
357:Old Kyiv Hill
354:
349:
343:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
297:
282:
280:
276:
270:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
189:
185:
176:
172:
167:
164:
161:
157:
154:
151:
145:
142:
139:
135:
129:
123:
118:
117:Zoloti Vorota
114:
108:
102:
97:
96:Khreschchatyk
93:
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
57:
53:
46:
41:
29:Khreshchatyk
26:
22:
2828:Khreshchatyk
2785:
2751:Olena Lukash
2699:Lead figures
2685:Don Cossacks
2680:Night Wolves
2624:Anti-protest
2586:Arsen Avakov
2534:Lead figures
2518:Right Sector
2498:Road Control
2312:Khreshchatyk
2311:
2045:
1971:Hotel Dnipro
1914:Arena Centre
1859:Kyiv Passage
1842:
1792:
1757:
1752:
1741:20 September
1739:. Retrieved
1735:the original
1730:
1697:the original
1692:
1687:
1677:
1646:
1621:
1599:
1588:
1583:
1561:
1539:22 September
1537:. Retrieved
1533:the original
1519:
1509:22 September
1507:. Retrieved
1503:the original
1489:
1479:22 September
1477:. Retrieved
1471:
1461:
1449:
1439:22 September
1437:. Retrieved
1432:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1406:The Guardian
1404:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1371:
1361:22 September
1359:. Retrieved
1345:
1333:
1323:22 September
1321:. Retrieved
1304:
1294:22 September
1292:. Retrieved
1288:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:the original
1235:
1226:
1216:22 September
1214:. Retrieved
1209:
1199:
1175:22 September
1173:. Retrieved
1163:
1153:21 September
1151:. Retrieved
1149:. Pragmatika
1140:
1130:20 September
1128:. Retrieved
1124:the original
1117:
1108:
1098:20 September
1096:. Retrieved
1085:
1073:
1063:21 September
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1042:
1032:21 September
1030:. Retrieved
1025:
975:
970:, p. 3.
968:Oliynyk 2018
963:
933:Oliynyk 2018
928:
916:
908:the original
903:
894:
846:
830:
826:Kyiv Passage
807:
800:
770:
755:
736:
725:
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2378:integration
2141:Anti-Maidan
1454:Hansen 2021
1412:28 December
1268:9 September
1236:Kyiv Weekly
837:Victory Day
787:Attractions
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513:Rydz-Smigly
509:Polish army
428: [
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360: [
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267: [
229:Post Office
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2822:Categories
2795:30°31′19″E
2792:50°26′50″N
2690:Antimaidan
2493:Automaidan
2307:Mezhyhirya
2077:Casualties
2033:Euromaidan
1940:Lach Gates
1766:1048330730
1529:Kyiv Metro
1499:Kyiv Metro
1473:Eurasianet
867:References
668:Kyiv Metro
543:trolleybus
454:lit by gas
423:. The new
273:, and the
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2252:Elections
2185:Aftermath
1909:Metrohrad
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1384:25 August
1185:cite news
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956:Hamm 1993
857:Teatralna
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2376:European
2226:timeline
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2035:and the
904:Old Kyiv
833:Kyiv Day
659:and the
650:chestnut
635:Poshtamt
629:Kyivrada
585:, after
569:Red Army
537:, after
252:Red Army
219:and the
192:Хрещатик
77:Location
34:Хрещатик
2626:figures
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2503:Vidsich
2453:Svoboda
2418:figures
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1552:Sources
1246:2 April
652:trees.
466:granite
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1762:OCLC
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