454:. According Brigadier L. P. Sen of the Indian Army, the tribesmen failed to press home their advantage in reaching the airfield. Anwar states that he reached within one mile of the airfield along with twenty men, but lacked the strength to press forward. Around 6 November, Srinagar was exposed to its closest encounter with war as the city "reverberated to the sound of machine-gun and mortar firing". Three hundred tribesmen faced a roadblock of the Indian Army 4.5 km west of the city, and engaged in a pitched battle in the early hours of the morning. By dawn, they were repulsed. The tribesmen then gathered at Shalateng, northwest of Srinagar. The Indians deployed newly arrived armoured cars and air support. The tribesmen were routed, with heavy casualties, and dispersed. The Indians pursued them and recaptured Pattan, Baramulla and Uri within the next few days.
1405:
83:
318:
1423:
53:
1414:
94:
64:
110:
427:. At each location, they stopped to plunder the local population, especially the Hindus and Sikhs. It was part of their arrangement with Anwar; "they had no other remuneration," according to Colonel Akbar Khan. When they reached Baramulla, a rich provincial capital, their desire for loot was overwhelming, and they stopped listening to Anwar's orders. Anwar and some of the tribal elders grew deeply ashamed of what was done in Baramulla.
207:. Due to the close association of this department with the military during the War, he is said to have been given the rank of a Major. He is generally referred to as a "Major" in Pakistani sources. Anwar was suspected of bribe-taking and supplying goods to civilians. This ended his association with the Army.
701:
The meeting was a hush-hush affair, attended by Sardar
Shaukat Hayat, Mian Iftikharuddin, Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan and General Sher Khan besides some other officers. "We were told about the plan to attack Kashmir. Liaquat Ali Khan said that it would all be over within hours. The Frontier government was
442:
of providing better support to the tribal lashkar. Consequently, the government decided to maintain a contingent of 5,000 tribesmen in
Kashmir, provide their rations and ammunition, and establish a directing committee of five officials in Abbottabad to control recruitment and supplies. A battalion of
380:
According to
Shaukat Hayat Khan, they had fixed a 'D-day' in September, but discovered that Anwar had married a Muslim League worker in Peshawar and disappeared on a honeymoon. Anwar himself has given other 'D-days': 15 October in one instance, and 21 October in another. Eventually, the invasion did
269:
to launch a direct action campaign against the
Congress government. He is said to have organised an underground movement publishing cyclostyled newspapers and broadcasting on a wireless transmitter. Anwar's rallies led to attacks on the local communities of Hindus and Sikhs, generating a stream of
430:
The tribal lashkar stopped in
Baramulla for two days, during which the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir negotiated his accession to India and India air-lifted troops to Srinagar. According to some accounts, Anwar asked for an undertaking from the tribal leaders to abstain from looting, respect
728:, p. 174: "In early October Khurshid Anwar came to Pindi and asked Syed Nazir Hussain Shah for four or five guides on the 12th of October to guide his five hundred men to the airfield in Srinagar. He claims that the original plan was to attack Muzaffarabad on the 15th of October."
431:
government property and protect treasuries. The tribesmen are said to have refused. Scholar Andrew
Whitehead states that Anwar appears to have summoned political and religious leaders of the tribesmen to instil discipline in them. The Pir of Manki Sharif himself was among them.
740:, p. 60: "Khurshid Anwar, the man who can best be described as the military commander of the invasion of the Kashmir Valley, said that D-day had been fixed for Tuesday, 21 October, but had to be delayed until the following morning."
344:
According to
Shaukat Hayat Khan, no decision was made at the 12 September meeting to involve Pashtun tribes. He claims that he had explicitly ordered Anwar not to involve them, and that Anwar had 'disobeyed' by recruiting the
164:. Described as a "shadowy figure" and "complete adventurer", he is generally addressed as a "Major" in Pakistani sources. He was a key figure in the rise of the Muslim League during 1946–47, organising its campaigns in
200:. His wife, Begum Mumtaz Jamal is said to be a Kashmiri Pathan. Anwar has been described as a "shadowy figure", "complete adventurer", and a "Muslim League's most important secret weapon in the creation of Pakistan".
37:
231:) in October 1946. He was given a target of rising 200,000 volunteers. Anwar is said to have devoted 'considerable energy' to the effort, impressing upon the League workers the danger posed by the
1404:
274:, which closed off any possibility of the Maharaja of Kashmir acceding to Pakistan. Anwar is also said to have gotten away with a good deal of loot from his attacks on the minorities.
306:. A three-pronged approach was decided at the meeting, for Akbar Khan to organise the rebellion inside Kashmir, General Kiani to organise an invasion from the south using former
254:, Tiwana banned the Muslim League National Guard in January 1947. But Anwar went underground to keep the agitation going. Eventually the Unionist government was overthrown.
2359:
2344:
2111:
1213:
2349:
2339:
321:
197:
169:
227:, a retired Major of the Indian Army. When Hayat Khan stepped down to due to lack of time, Khurshid Anwar was appointed as its commander (
1191:
358:
2334:
1742:
1521:
1394:
258:
354:
2076:
1161:
1129:
1015:
992:
972:
949:
929:
2083:
2050:
1753:
1462:
702:
to mastermind the attack from Garhi
Abdullah while the Punjab government would control the attack from Kahuta to Jammu."
337:
287:
177:
1472:
1035:
1324:
885:
1450:
1309:
1184:
357:
leaders were summoned to a meeting in Lahore, where
Shaukat Hayat Khan was present along with the premier of the
2354:
1933:
1482:
1081:
458:
299:
2061:
2044:
1938:
1556:
1329:
365:. Anwar's allies in the NWFP for the organisation of the tribal invasion were Abdul Qayyum Khan, the Pir of
1422:
903:
2173:
2130:
2090:
1831:
1389:
1379:
1334:
470:
435:
220:
161:
98:
2248:
2220:
2198:
1892:
1359:
457:
Around 10 November, Anwar was injured in leg by a bomb splinter and was evacuated to
Abbottabad. Colonel
232:
2029:
1994:
1989:
1877:
1721:
1676:
1259:
1177:
181:
2024:
1974:
1681:
1284:
1151:
1711:
1706:
1616:
1384:
1234:
325:
236:
2014:
1922:
1791:
1440:
1369:
216:
157:
317:
2163:
2034:
1969:
1902:
1631:
1457:
420:
203:
Anwar is said to have worked as an official in the civil supplies department in Delhi prior to
176:. After the independence of Pakistan, he was instrumental in organising the tribal invasion of
131:
113:
23:
962:
1907:
1872:
1856:
1826:
1586:
1354:
489:
487:
485:
329:
1413:
246:
When the Muslim League led a civil disobedience movement against the Unionist government of
1964:
1731:
1686:
1636:
1509:
1477:
1445:
1294:
1138:
533:
404:. They were further joined by Wazirs, Daurs, Bhittanis, Khattaks, Turis, Swatis and men of
333:
307:
153:
482:
8:
2097:
2009:
1882:
1836:
1786:
1666:
1591:
1571:
1551:
1221:
1209:
647:
439:
370:
266:
251:
87:
2019:
1979:
1959:
1887:
1862:
1841:
1821:
1796:
1696:
1656:
1364:
1339:
1229:
1107:
1067:
1044:
384:
With the help of Abdul Qayyum Khan, the divisional commissioner Khawaja Abdur Rahim of
295:
224:
173:
2178:
2148:
2004:
1954:
1726:
1716:
1661:
1626:
1621:
1596:
1540:
1319:
1314:
1304:
1289:
1269:
1200:
1157:
1125:
1111:
1077:
1031:
1011:
988:
968:
945:
925:
401:
362:
290:. In addition to Khurshid Anwar, the meeting was attended by Punjab politicians Mian
262:
126:
450:
by 3 November, which was within five miles of the Srinagar airfield. Here they were
2276:
2158:
2138:
2069:
1999:
1984:
1806:
1801:
1641:
1611:
1581:
1561:
1487:
1374:
1274:
1249:
1099:
1056:
1001:
676:
674:
451:
283:
240:
136:
854:
842:
818:
806:
794:
36:
2188:
2118:
2039:
1943:
1766:
1646:
1530:
1119:
1071:
1025:
1005:
982:
939:
919:
694:
599:
671:
2143:
1949:
1851:
1776:
1736:
1691:
1606:
1566:
1546:
1344:
760:
758:
589:
587:
574:
572:
409:
366:
1103:
964:
Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850
866:
830:
419:
heading a lashkar of 4,000 tribesmen. They quickly secured Muzaffarabad, took
239:. By the end of 1946, the National Guard ranks swelled to 60,000 members. The
2328:
2234:
2168:
2153:
2104:
1846:
1816:
1811:
1701:
1671:
1601:
1576:
1254:
782:
770:
707:
523:
521:
519:
517:
504:
502:
405:
393:
291:
57:
1137:
755:
725:
611:
584:
569:
493:
2206:
2183:
1912:
1897:
1781:
1771:
1761:
1535:
1299:
1279:
1264:
958:
915:
623:
416:
311:
204:
545:
514:
499:
2262:
1349:
635:
557:
303:
82:
52:
1927:
1867:
1651:
1494:
385:
350:
193:
1089:
1060:
941:
The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan
653:
2290:
1917:
1502:
1043:
424:
1169:
353:. There were other meetings however, Around 20 September, Kashmir's
109:
2304:
1467:
1408:
The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre.
1239:
1027:
Incomplete Partition: The Genesis of the Kashmir Dispute, 1947-1948
93:
68:
63:
659:
243:
were instrumental in mobilising the Muslims of India to activism.
1244:
388:
and the political agents of the tribal agencies, Anwar mobilised
271:
196:
in Punjab. Some sources also state that he was a Pathan from the
1117:
539:
446:
After the tribesmen advanced again, about 1,000 of them reached
1149:
872:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
788:
776:
743:
737:
713:
680:
593:
447:
397:
389:
377:
against Kashmir to free their Muslim brethren from Hindu rule.
346:
286:
held a meeting in Lahore to formulate a strategy for capturing
247:
165:
1066:
764:
1000:
914:
901:
629:
617:
605:
551:
527:
1090:
Nawaz, Shuja (May 2008), "The First Kashmir War Revisited",
957:
563:
1023:
641:
921:
Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition
937:
904:"The 1947-48 Kashmir War: The war of lost opportunities"
578:
508:
443:
troops was also sent to maintain order among tribesmen.
1121:
India's Partition: The Story of Imperialism in Retreat
261:, where he worked with the Muslim League leaders Khan
310:
personnel, and for Anwar to organise an invasion via
412:were used to transport them to the Kashmir border.
282:On 12 September 1947, the Pakistani Prime Minister
980:
749:
726:Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2 2015
665:
494:Saraf, Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2 2015
2326:
984:Shadow War: The Untold Story of Jihad in Kashmir
693:Khan, Aamer Ahmed (1994), "Look Back in Anger",
210:
2113:Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?
464:
415:On 22 October 1947, Anwar entered Kashmir near
2360:Presidents of the Pakistan Football Federation
1076:, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co,
1185:
461:took over the command of the tribal lashkar.
1145:, Mirpur: National Institute Kashmir Studies
699:, Pakistan Herald Publications, p. 54,
654:Nawaz, The First Kashmir War Revisited 2008
1192:
1178:
235:, which was, in his view, financed by the
35:
192:Khurshid Anwar is said to be a native of
2345:People of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1947
316:
408:. Trucks belonging to the paramilitary
373:. Both the Pirs had wanted to launch a
2327:
2078:Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence
1047:(1997), "Kashmir – Today, Tomorrow?",
1007:The Origins of a Dispute: Kashmir 1947
277:
1199:
1173:
1143:Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2
2085:Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan
873:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
861:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
849:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
837:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
825:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
813:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
801:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
789:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
777:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
738:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
714:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
692:
681:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
594:Whitehead, A Mission in Kashmir 2007
2350:People of the 1947 Kashmir conflict
2340:All-India Muslim League politicians
1030:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
765:Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003
219:had a volunteer militia called the
160:, heading its private militia, the
13:
1421:
1412:
1403:
630:Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003
618:Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003
552:Jha, The Origins of a Dispute 2003
14:
2371:
540:Panigrahi, India's Partition 2004
469:Anwar served as president of the
438:of NWFP claims to have convinced
324:including the princely states of
2335:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement
1325:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
564:Jalal, Self and Sovereignty 2002
108:
92:
81:
62:
51:
2120:Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857
902:Amin, Maj Agha Humayun (1999),
895:
878:
731:
719:
686:
642:Lamb, Incomplete Partition 2002
314:using activists from Pakistan.
187:
16:Pakistani activist and militant
1934:Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi
886:"Pakistan Football Federation"
606:Hajari, Midnight's Furies 2015
528:Hajari, Midnight's Furies 2015
257:Afterwards, Anwar went to the
223:, originally headed by Sardar
41:Pakistani Major Khurshid anwar
1:
2045:Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti
1939:Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari
924:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
579:Hiro, The Longest August 2015
509:Hiro, The Longest August 2015
476:
221:Muslim League National Guards
211:Muslim League National Guards
2092:Pakistan: A Personal History
1832:Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot
1617:Baba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq
1118:Panigrahi, Devendra (2004),
471:Pakistan Football Federation
465:Pakistan Football Federation
359:North-West Frontier Province
322:North-West Frontier Province
259:North-West Frontier Province
250:, vexing its prime minister
198:North-West Frontier Province
170:North-West Frontier Province
162:Muslim League National Guard
99:Muslim League National Guard
7:
1010:, Oxford University Press,
908:The Pakistan Army Till 1965
233:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
10:
2376:
2030:Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni
1995:Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi
1878:Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan
1677:Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan
1602:Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh
1150:Whitehead, Andrew (2007),
910:, Strategicus and Tactitus
381:take place on 22 October.
182:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
2197:
2129:
2060:
2025:Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri
1752:
1682:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
1520:
1433:
1401:
1285:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1220:
1207:
1104:10.1080/14736480802055455
119:
104:
74:
46:
34:
21:
2106:Pakistan: A Hard Country
2099:The Myth of Independence
1712:Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
1707:Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan
1426:State emblem of Pakistan
1385:Constitution of Pakistan
1235:Indian Rebellion of 1857
1024:Lamb, Alastair (2002) ,
452:engaged by Indian troops
434:On 29 October, Governor
338:Frontier Tribal agencies
237:Indian National Congress
2015:Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi
1923:Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi
1792:Muhammad Shafi Deobandi
1722:Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan
1657:Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan
1335:Indian Independence Act
1310:Round Table Conferences
1214:timeline: 1947–present)
542:, p. 65, 307.
473:between 1948 and 1949.
217:All-India Muslim League
158:All-India Muslim League
2035:Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan
1970:Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh
1903:Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum
1893:Sheikh Sir Abdul Qadir
1632:Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
1478:Philosophical Congress
1427:
1418:
1409:
750:Jamal, Shadow War 2009
666:Jamal, Shadow War 2009
341:
132:Battle of Muzaffarabad
2355:People from Jalandhar
1946:(Pir of Manki Sharif)
1908:Jalaludin Abdur Rahim
1873:Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas
1868:Hakeem Mohammad Saeed
1857:Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem
1827:Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot
1587:Sadeq Mohammad Khan V
1425:
1416:
1407:
1355:Objectives Resolution
1295:Now or Never pamphlet
1139:Saraf, Muhammad Yusuf
696:The Herald, Volume 25
320:
1965:Lady Abdullah Haroon
1732:Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
1687:Jogendra Nath Mandal
1637:Choudhary Rahmat Ali
1153:A Mission in Kashmir
981:Jamal, Arif (2009),
938:Hiro, Dilip (2015),
308:Indian National Army
154:Indian National Army
2010:Fatima Sughra Begum
1883:Sardar Ibrahim Khan
1837:Sikandar Hayat Khan
1787:Adamjee Haji Dawood
1667:Ghulam Bhik Nairang
1592:Mian Muhammad Shafi
1572:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1557:Maulana Shaukat Ali
1552:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
1473:Renaissance Society
1463:Student Federations
1260:Partition of Bengal
1210:History of Pakistan
1073:Kashmir in Conflict
1068:Schofield, Victoria
1045:Schofield, Victoria
863:, pp. 159–160.
851:, pp. 157–158.
827:, pp. 136–137.
815:, pp. 133–134.
803:, pp. 124–125.
656:, pp. 120–121.
511:, pp. 117–118.
440:Mohammad Ali Jinnah
371:Pir of Manki Sharif
278:Invasion of Kashmir
267:Pir of Manki Sharif
252:Khizar Hayat Tiwana
172:, prior to India's
156:and an activist of
88:British Indian Army
2020:Viqar-un-Nisa Noon
1980:Naseer Ahmad Malhi
1960:Jahanara Shahnawaz
1888:Fida Mohammad Khan
1863:Ghulam Rasool Mehr
1842:Shaukat Hayat Khan
1822:Mian Iftikharuddin
1797:Zafar Ahmad Usmani
1697:Khawaja Nazimuddin
1543:(Nawab Salimullah)
1428:
1419:
1410:
1365:Pakistani monarchy
1340:Partition of India
1230:East India Company
987:, Melville House,
342:
296:Shaukat Hayat Khan
225:Shaukat Hayat Khan
2322:
2321:
2314:
2300:
2286:
2272:
2258:
2244:
2230:
2216:
2179:Deena Public Hall
2149:Pakistan Monument
2005:Sharif al Mujahid
1955:Hafeez Jalandhari
1727:Ashraf Ali Thanwi
1717:Qazi Mohammad Isa
1662:Jafar Khan Jamali
1627:Abdur Rab Nishtar
1622:Abdul Qayyum Khan
1597:Mian Abdul Rashid
1541:Khwaja Salimullah
1320:Direct Action Day
1315:Lahore Resolution
1305:Two nation theory
1290:Allahabad Address
1270:Khilafat Movement
1240:Deobandi Movement
1201:Pakistan Movement
1163:978-0-670-08127-1
1131:978-1-135-76813-3
1061:10.1080/714857150
1017:978-0-19-566486-7
1002:Jha, Prem Shankar
994:978-1-933633-59-6
974:978-1-134-59937-0
951:978-1-56858-503-1
931:978-0-547-66924-3
668:, pp. 48–49.
436:George Cunningham
423:and proceeded to
402:Waziristan Agency
363:Abdul Qayyum Khan
355:Muslim Conference
263:Abdul Qayyum Khan
180:, leading to the
147:
146:
127:First Kashmir War
2367:
2308:
2294:
2280:
2266:
2252:
2238:
2224:
2210:
2174:National Library
2159:Ziarat Residency
2139:Minar-e-Pakistan
2071:Idea of Pakistan
2000:Habib Rahimtoola
1985:Ahmed Saeed Nagi
1807:Malik Barkat Ali
1802:Ahmed Ali Lahori
1642:A. K. Fazlul Huq
1612:Bahadur Yar Jung
1582:Liaquat Ali Khan
1562:Hakim Ajmal Khan
1417:Flag of Pakistan
1395:Protestant Islam
1390:British heritage
1380:National symbols
1375:Kashmir conflict
1275:Shuddhi movement
1250:Aligarh Movement
1245:Barelvi Movement
1194:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1146:
1134:
1114:
1086:
1063:
1040:
1020:
997:
977:
954:
944:, Nation Books,
934:
911:
890:
889:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
704:
690:
684:
683:, p. 53–55.
678:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
591:
582:
576:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
537:
531:
525:
512:
506:
497:
491:
302:, Major General
284:Liaquat Ali Khan
241:1946 Bihar riots
152:was a member of
137:Battle of Badgam
112:
97:
96:
86:
85:
76:
67:
66:
56:
55:
39:
19:
18:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2208:Youm-e-Pakistan
2193:
2189:Jinnah Terminal
2125:
2056:
2040:Abdullah Ropari
1944:Amin ul-Hasanat
1767:Abdullah Haroon
1748:
1647:Jamaat Ali Shah
1531:Syed Ahmad Khan
1516:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1399:
1330:Cabinet Mission
1216:
1203:
1198:
1164:
1132:
1084:
1038:
1018:
995:
975:
952:
932:
898:
893:
884:
883:
879:
871:
867:
859:
855:
847:
843:
839:, pp. 156.
835:
831:
823:
819:
811:
807:
799:
795:
787:
783:
775:
771:
763:
756:
748:
744:
736:
732:
724:
720:
712:
708:
691:
687:
679:
672:
664:
660:
652:
648:
640:
636:
628:
624:
616:
612:
604:
600:
592:
585:
577:
570:
562:
558:
550:
546:
538:
534:
526:
515:
507:
500:
492:
483:
479:
467:
336:(in green) and
280:
213:
190:
143:
91:
90:
80:
61:
60:
50:
42:
30:
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2373:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2306:Youm-e-Viladat
2302:
2288:
2274:
2260:
2246:
2232:
2218:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2144:Bab-e-Pakistan
2141:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Syed Wajid Ali
1947:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1854:
1852:Ziauddin Ahmad
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:Mahmoud Haroon
1774:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1737:Zafar Ali Khan
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1692:K. H. Khurshid
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1607:Mohsin-ul-Mulk
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1567:Muhammad Iqbal
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1547:Syed Ameer Ali
1544:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1345:Radcliffe Line
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1147:
1135:
1130:
1115:
1098:(2): 115–154,
1087:
1082:
1064:
1055:(3): 315–324,
1041:
1036:
1021:
1016:
998:
993:
978:
973:
955:
950:
935:
930:
912:
897:
894:
892:
891:
877:
875:, p. 191.
865:
853:
841:
829:
817:
805:
793:
781:
769:
754:
742:
730:
718:
706:
685:
670:
658:
646:
644:, p. 125.
634:
622:
620:, p. 170.
610:
598:
583:
568:
566:, p. 482.
556:
544:
532:
513:
498:
496:, p. 174.
480:
478:
475:
466:
463:
410:Frontier Corps
279:
276:
270:refugees into
212:
209:
189:
186:
150:Khurshid Anwar
145:
144:
142:
141:
140:
139:
134:
123:
121:
117:
116:
106:
102:
101:
78:
72:
71:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
29:Khurshid Anwar
28:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2372:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2278:Youm-e-Tasees
2275:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2236:Youm-e-Takbir
2233:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2222:Youm-e-Dastur
2219:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Wazir Mansion
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Mazar-e-Quaid
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Niaz Ali Khan
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Muhammad Asad
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:Yusuf Khattak
1815:
1813:
1812:Aslam Khattak
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1702:Mahmud Husain
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Hasrat Mohani
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:Fatima Jinnah
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:Bengal Branch
1449:
1447:
1446:Punjab Branch
1444:
1443:
1442:
1441:Muslim League
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:Organisations
1432:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:Urdu movement
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1127:
1124:, Routledge,
1123:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:Asian Affairs
1046:
1042:
1039:
1037:9780195797701
1033:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1003:
999:
996:
990:
986:
985:
979:
976:
970:
967:, Routledge,
966:
965:
960:
959:Jalal, Ayesha
956:
953:
947:
943:
942:
936:
933:
927:
923:
922:
917:
916:Hajari, Nisid
913:
909:
905:
900:
899:
887:
881:
874:
869:
862:
857:
850:
845:
838:
833:
826:
821:
814:
809:
802:
797:
791:, p. 61.
790:
785:
779:, p. 60.
778:
773:
767:, p. 50.
766:
761:
759:
752:, p. 50.
751:
746:
739:
734:
727:
722:
716:, p. 52.
715:
710:
703:
698:
697:
689:
682:
677:
675:
667:
662:
655:
650:
643:
638:
632:, p. 30.
631:
626:
619:
614:
607:
602:
596:, p. 55.
595:
590:
588:
580:
575:
573:
565:
560:
554:, p. 31.
553:
548:
541:
536:
530:, p. 63.
529:
524:
522:
520:
518:
510:
505:
503:
495:
490:
488:
486:
481:
474:
472:
462:
460:
455:
453:
449:
444:
441:
437:
432:
428:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Khyber Agency
391:
387:
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
349:tribesmen of
348:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:Iftikharuddin
289:
285:
275:
273:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
208:
206:
201:
199:
195:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
100:
95:
89:
84:
79:
73:
70:
65:
59:
58:British India
54:
49:
45:
38:
33:
25:
20:
2310:
2305:
2296:
2292:Youm-e-Iqbal
2291:
2282:
2277:
2268:
2264:Youm-e-Difah
2263:
2254:
2250:Youm-e-Azadi
2249:
2240:
2235:
2226:
2221:
2212:
2207:
2184:Bab-e-Khyber
2164:Iqbal's Tom'
2131:Architecture
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2049:
1975:Fatima Begum
1913:Z. A. Suleri
1898:M. M. Sharif
1782:Altaf Husain
1772:Yusuf Haroon
1762:Hamid Nizami
1741:
1536:Aga Khan III
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1370:Republic Day
1360:Independence
1300:World War II
1280:Nehru Report
1265:Lucknow Pact
1152:
1142:
1120:
1095:
1092:India Review
1091:
1072:
1052:
1048:
1026:
1006:
983:
963:
940:
920:
907:
896:Bibliography
880:
868:
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
796:
784:
772:
745:
733:
721:
709:
700:
695:
688:
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
608:, Chapter 4.
601:
581:, Chapter 6.
559:
547:
535:
468:
456:
445:
433:
429:
417:Muzaffarabad
414:
383:
379:
374:
343:
312:Muzaffarabad
281:
256:
245:
228:
214:
205:World War II
202:
191:
188:Early career
149:
148:
120:Battles/wars
2311:25 December
2269:6 September
1504:Nawa-i-Waqt
1483:Print media
1350:Durand Line
1156:, Penguin,
304:Zaman Kiani
294:and Sardar
2329:Categories
2297:9 November
2283:24 October
2062:Literature
1928:Jalal Baba
1652:G. M. Syed
1511:Contractor
1083:1860648983
477:References
459:Akbar Khan
386:Rawalpindi
351:Waziristan
300:Akbar Khan
298:, Colonel
194:Jullundhar
47:Allegiance
2255:14 August
2199:In Memory
1918:G. Allana
1754:Activists
1141:(2015) ,
1112:155030407
1070:(2003) ,
425:Baramulla
400:from the
392:from the
340:(in blue)
174:partition
2227:10 April
2213:23 March
1861:Maulana
1468:Khaksars
1458:Unionist
1004:(2003),
961:(2002),
918:(2015),
369:and the
361:(NWFP),
75:Service/
69:Pakistan
1930:of NWFP
1522:Leaders
1222:History
398:Mehsuds
390:Afridis
326:Chitral
288:Kashmir
272:Kashmir
178:Kashmir
2241:28 May
1495:Daily
1160:
1128:
1110:
1080:
1034:
1014:
991:
971:
948:
928:
448:Budgam
347:Mahsud
248:Punjab
166:Punjab
77:branch
1108:S2CID
375:jihad
229:Salar
114:Major
24:Major
2051:more
1743:more
1529:Sir
1497:Jang
1489:Dawn
1158:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1032:ISBN
1012:ISBN
989:ISBN
969:ISBN
946:ISBN
926:ISBN
396:and
367:Wana
332:and
330:Swat
265:and
215:The
168:and
105:Rank
1100:doi
1057:doi
421:Uri
406:Dir
334:Dir
2331::
1106:,
1094:,
1053:28
1051:,
906:,
757:^
673:^
586:^
571:^
516:^
501:^
484:^
328:,
184:.
2313:)
2309:(
2299:)
2295:(
2285:)
2281:(
2271:)
2267:(
2257:)
2253:(
2243:)
2239:(
2229:)
2225:(
2215:)
2211:(
1212:(
1193:e
1186:t
1179:v
1102::
1096:7
1059::
888:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
