1637:
ships afloat attempted to break through the
English lines. Only one made it; Alfred's ships intercepted the other two. Lashing the Viking boats to their own, the English crew boarded and proceeded to kill the Vikings. One ship escaped because Alfred's heavy ships became grounded when the tide went out. A land battle ensued between the crews. The Danes were heavily outnumbered, but as the tide rose, they returned to their boats which, with shallower drafts, were freed first. The English watched as the Vikings rowed past them but they suffered so many casualties (120 dead against 62 Frisians and English) that they had difficulty putting out to sea. All were too damaged to row around Sussex, and two were driven against the Sussex coast (possibly at
53:
857:. This was in accordance with the agreement that Æthelred and Alfred had made earlier that year in an assembly at an unidentified place called Swinbeorg. The brothers had agreed that whichever of them outlived the other would inherit the personal property that King Æthelwulf had left jointly to his sons in his will. The deceased's sons would receive only whatever property and riches their father had settled upon them and whatever additional lands their uncle had acquired. The unstated premise was that the surviving brother would be king. Given the Danish invasion and the youth of his nephews, Alfred's accession probably went uncontested.
1395:
2765:
961:
1853:
2207:. This was not a cynical use of religion to manipulate his subjects into obedience but an intrinsic element in Alfred's worldview. He believed, as did other kings in ninth-century England and Francia, that God had entrusted him with the spiritual as well as physical welfare of his people. If the Christian faith fell into ruin in his kingdom, if the clergy were too ignorant to understand the Latin words they butchered in their offices and liturgies, if the ancient monasteries and collegiate churches lay deserted out of indifference, he was answerable before God, as
1594:, having tailored their methods of fighting to rapid strikes and unimpeded retreats to well-defended fortifications. The only means left to them was to starve the burh into submission but this gave the king time to send his field army or garrisons from neighbouring burhs along the army roads. In such cases, the Vikings were extremely vulnerable to pursuit by the king's joint military forces. Alfred's burh system posed such a formidable challenge against Viking attack that when the Vikings returned in 892 and stormed a half-built, poorly garrisoned fortress up the
8602:
2587:
2126:, the remainder is drawn from various sources. The material has traditionally been thought to contain much that is Alfred's own and highly characteristic of him. The last words of it may be quoted; they form a fitting epitaph for the noblest of English kings. "Therefore, he seems to me a very foolish man, and truly wretched, who will not increase his understanding while he is in the world, and ever wish and long to reach that endless life where all shall be made clear." Alfred appears as a character in the twelfth- or 13th-century poem
676:
3502:
10426:
2548:
the foundation of that mournful edifice, at almost every stroke of the mattock or spade some ancient sepulchre was violated, the venerable contents of which were treated with marked indignity. On this occasion a great number of stone coffins were dug up, with a variety of other curious articles, such as chalices, patens, rings, buckles, the leather of shoes and boots, velvet and gold lace belonging to chasubles and other vestments; as also the crook, rims, and joints of a beautiful crosier double gilt.
1234:
2107:
taken to reflect philosophies of kingship in Alfred's milieu. It is in the
Boethius that the oft-quoted sentence occurs: "To speak briefly: I desired to live worthily as long as I lived, and after my life to leave to them that should come after, my memory in good works." The book has come down to us in two manuscripts only. In one of these the writing is prose, in the other a combination of prose and alliterating verse. The latter manuscript was severely damaged in the 18th and 19th centuries.
2682:
2478:
1958:
1496:, and to reorganise the fyrd as a standing army, Alfred expanded the tax and conscription system based on the productivity of a tenant's landholding. The hide was the basic unit of the system on which the tenant's public obligations were assessed. A hide is thought to represent the amount of land required to support one family. The hide differed in size according to the value and resources of the land and the landowner would have to provide service based on how many hides he owned.
735:
1656:
2710:
1463:
problems with communication and raising supplies meant that the national militia could not be mustered quickly enough. It was only after the raids had begun that a call went out to landowners to gather their men for battle. Large regions could be devastated before the fyrd could assemble and arrive. Although the landowners were obliged to the king to supply these men when called, during the attacks in 878 many of them abandoned their king and collaborated with
Guthrum.
2142:
2220:
650:. When Æthelwulf succeeded to the throne, he appointed his eldest son Æthelstan as sub-king of Kent. Ecgberht and Æthelwulf may not have intended a permanent union between Wessex and Kent because they both appointed sons as sub-kings, and charters in Wessex were attested (witnessed) by West Saxon magnates, while Kentish charters were witnessed by the Kentish elite; both kings kept overall control, and the sub-kings were not allowed to issue their own coinage.
1511:
1875:; the establishment of a court school to educate his own children, the sons of his nobles, and intellectually promising boys of lesser birth; an attempt to require literacy in those who held offices of authority; a series of translations into the vernacular of Latin works the king deemed "most necessary for all men to know"; the compilation of a chronicle detailing the rise of Alfred's kingdom and house, with a genealogy that stretched back to
1633:
places in which a naval battle could be fought. The warships of the time were not designed to be ship killers but rather troop carriers. It has been suggested that, like sea battles in late Viking age
Scandinavia, these battles may have entailed a ship coming alongside an opposing vessel, lashing the two ships together and then boarding the craft. The result was a land battle involving hand-to-hand fighting on board the two lashed vessels.
10488:
2203:
God is the Lord to whom kings owe obedience and through whom they derive their authority over their followers. The need to persuade his nobles to undertake work for the 'common good' led Alfred and his court scholars to strengthen and deepen the conception of
Christian kingship that he had inherited by building upon the legacy of earlier kings including Offa, clerical writers including Bede, and Alcuin and various participants in the
2572:. The bones were radiocarbon-dated but the results showed that they were from the 1300s and therefore not of Alfred. In January 2014, a fragment of pelvis that had been unearthed in the 1999 excavation of the Hyde site, and had subsequently lain in a Winchester museum store room, was radiocarbon-dated to the correct period. It has been suggested that this bone may belong to either Alfred or his son Edward, but this remains unproven.
10471:
667:, "there made the greatest slaughter of a heathen raiding-army that we have heard tell of up to this present day, and there took the victory". Æthelwulf died in 858 and was succeeded by his oldest surviving son, Æthelbald, as king of Wessex and by his next oldest son, Æthelberht, as king of Kent. Æthelbald only survived his father by two years, and Æthelberht then for the first time united Wessex and Kent into a single kingdom.
1467:
dealt with Viking raiders. Learning from their experiences he was able to establish a system of taxation and defence for Wessex. There had been a system of fortifications in pre-Viking Mercia that may have been an influence. When the Viking raids resumed in 892 Alfred was better prepared to confront them with a standing, mobile field army, a network of garrisons and a small fleet of ships navigating the rivers and estuaries.
1526:
8253:
1583:
Many of the burhs were twin towns that straddled a river and were connected by a fortified bridge, like those built by
Charles the Bald a generation before. The double-burh blocked passage on the river, forcing Viking ships to navigate under a garrisoned bridge lined with men armed with stones, spears or arrows. Other burhs were sited near fortified royal villas, allowing the king better control over his strongholds.
7016:— "Note: This electronic edition is a collation of material from nine diverse extant versions of the Chronicle. It contains primarily the translation of Rev. James Ingram, as published in the Everyman edition". It was "Originally compiled on the orders of King Alfred the Great, approximately A.D. 890, and subsequently maintained and added to by generations of anonymous scribes until the middle of the 12th Century".
948:, Alfred was purportedly given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, asked him to mind some wheaten cakes she left baking by the fire. Preoccupied with the problems of his kingdom, Alfred accidentally let the cakes burn, and was roundly scolded by the woman upon her return. The first written account of the legend appears a century after Alfred's death, though it may have earlier origins in
10454:
560:
1590:). The roads allowed an army quickly to be assembled, sometimes from more than one burh, to confront the Viking invader. The road network posed significant obstacles to Viking invaders, especially those laden with booty. The system threatened Viking routes and communications making it far more dangerous for them. The Vikings lacked the equipment for a siege against a burh and a developed doctrine of
1249:, ealdorman of Mercia. Soon afterwards, Alfred restyled himself as "King of the Anglo-Saxons". The restoration of London progressed through the latter half of the 880s and is believed to have revolved around a new street plan; added fortifications in addition to the existing Roman walls; and, some believe, the construction of matching fortifications on the south bank of the River Thames.
2647:
Consequently, while Alfred's epithet, "the Great", was in regular use from the 13th century, it was writers of the 16th century who popularised it. There is no evidence of Alfred's contemporaries using the sobriquet. The epithet was retained by succeeding generations who admired Alfred's patriotism, success against barbarism, promotion of education, and establishment of the rule of law.
924:, and from that fort kept fighting against the foe". Considering the fate of the Mercians' kingdom under similar Viking pressure and an analysis of charter signatories either side of the raid it has been suggested that Alfred may have fallen prey to a Witan coup at Chippenham rather than simply being surprised by a Viking attack. From his fort at Athelney, an island in the marshes near
1448:, advancing against their target and overcoming the oncoming wall marshalled against them in defence. The Danes preferred to choose easy targets, mapping cautious forays to avoid risking their plunder with high-stake attacks for more. Alfred determined their tactic was to launch small attacks from a secure base to which they could retreat should their raiders meet strong resistance.
2199:, kings who fail to obey their divine duty to promote learning can expect earthly punishments to befall their people. The pursuit of wisdom, he assured his readers of the Boethius, was the surest path to power: "Study wisdom, then, and, when you have learned it, condemn it not, for I tell you that by its means you may without fail attain to power, yea, even though not desiring it".
1974:
when Wessex was enjoying a respite from Viking attacks. Alfred was, until recently, often considered to have been the author of many of the translations, but this is now considered doubtful in almost all cases. Scholars more often refer to translations as "Alfredian", indicating that they probably had something to do with his patronage, but are unlikely to be his own work.
2252:
about how his mother held up a book of Saxon poetry to him and his brothers, and said; "I shall give this book to whichever one of you can learn it the fastest." After excitedly asking, "Will you really give this book to the one of us who can understand it the soonest and recite it to you?" Alfred then took it to his teacher, learned it, and recited it back to his mother.
1723:(15:23–29). The introduction may best be understood as Alfred's meditation upon the meaning of Christian law. It traces the continuity between God's gift of law to Moses to Alfred's own issuance of law to the West Saxon people. By doing so, it linked the holy past to the historical present and represented Alfred's law-giving as a type of divine legislation.
1066:, but it was to be some years after the cessation of hostilities that a formal treaty was signed. Under the terms of the so-called Treaty of Wedmore, the converted Guthrum was required to leave Wessex and return to East Anglia. Consequently, in 879 the Viking army left Chippenham and made its way to Cirencester. The formal
1735:
Alfred's transformation of Christ's commandment, from "Love your neighbour as yourself" (Matt. 22:39–40) to love your secular lord as you would love the Lord Christ himself, underscores the importance that Alfred placed upon lordship which he understood as a sacred bond instituted by God for the governance of man.
591:– a prince eligible for the throne. But after Ecgberht's reign, descent from Cerdic was no longer sufficient to make a man an ætheling. When Ecgberht died in 839, he was succeeded by his son Æthelwulf; all subsequent West Saxon kings were descendants of Ecgberht and Æthelwulf, and were also sons of kings.
1410:, and it was upon this system that the military power of the several kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England depended. The fyrd was a local militia in the Anglo-Saxon shire in which all freemen had to serve; those who refused military service were subject to fines or loss of their land. According to the
3413:
The inscription reads "ALFRED THE GREAT AD 879 on this Summit
Erected his Standard Against Danish Invaders To him We owe The Origin of Juries The Establishment of a Militia The Creation of a Naval Force ALFRED The Light of a Benighted Age Was a Philosopher and a Christian The Father of his People The
2202:
The portrayal of the West-Saxon resistance to the
Vikings by Asser and the chronicler as a Christian holy war was more than mere rhetoric or propaganda. It reflected Alfred's own belief in a doctrine of divine rewards and punishments rooted in a vision of a hierarchical Christian world order in which
1632:
Alfred had seapower in mind; if he could intercept raiding fleets before they landed, he could spare his kingdom from being ravaged. Alfred's ships may have been superior in conception, but in practice they proved to be too large to manoeuvre well in the close waters of estuaries and rivers, the only
1373:
and fortified themselves twenty miles (32 km) north of London. A frontal attack on the Danish lines failed but later in the year, Alfred saw a means of obstructing the river to prevent the egress of the Danish ships. The Danes realised that they were outmanoeuvred, struck off north-westwards and
690:
According to Asser, in his childhood Alfred won a beautifully decorated book of
English poetry, offered as a prize by his mother to the first of her sons able to memorise it. He must have had it read to him because his mother died when he was about six and he did not learn to read until he was 12. In
2534:
in 1538, the church and cloister were demolished and treated like a quarry, and the stones that made up the abbey were then re-used in local architecture. The stone graves housing Alfred and his family stayed underground, and the land returned to farming. These graves remained intact until 1788 when
2251:
It is also written by Asser that Alfred did not learn to read until he was 12 years old or later, which is described as "shameful negligence" of his parents and tutors. Alfred was an excellent listener and had an incredible memory and he retained poetry and psalms very well. A story is told by Asser
2194:
Historian
Richard Abels sees Alfred's educational and military reforms as complementary. Restoring religion and learning in Wessex, Abels contends, was to Alfred's mind as essential to the defence of his realm as the building of the burhs. As Alfred observed in the preface to his English translation
2106:
deals very freely with the original and, though the late Dr. G. Schepss showed that many of the additions to the text are to be traced not to the translator himself but to the glosses and commentaries which he used, still there is much in the work which is distinctive to the translation and has been
1973:
There were few "books of wisdom" written in English. Alfred sought to remedy this through an ambitious court-centred programme of translating into English the books he deemed "most necessary for all men to know". It is unknown when Alfred launched this programme, but it may have been during the 880s
1598:
estuary in Kent, the Anglo-Saxons were able to limit their penetration to the outer frontiers of Wessex and Mercia. Alfred's burghal system was revolutionary in its strategic conception and potentially expensive in its execution. His contemporary biographer Asser wrote that many nobles balked at the
2563:
Excavations conducted by the Winchester Museums Service of the Hyde Abbey site in 1999 located a second pit dug in front of where the high altar would have been located, which was identified as probably dating to Mellor's 1866 excavation. The 1999 archaeological excavation uncovered the foundations
2547:
Thus miscreants couch amidst the ashes of our Alfreds and Edwards; and where once religious silence and contemplation were only interrupted by the bell of regular observance, the chanting of devotion, now alone resound the clank of the captives chains and the oaths of the profligate! In digging for
2518:
rose to the English throne after the Norman conquest in 1066, many Anglo-Saxon abbeys were demolished and replaced with Norman cathedrals. One of those unfortunate abbeys was the very New Minster abbey where Alfred was laid to rest. Before demolition, the monks at the New Minster exhumed the bodies
2259:
He was the youngest of his brothers, and he was probably the most open-minded. He was an early advocate for education. His desire for learning could have come from his early love of English poetry and inability to read or physically record it until later in life. Asser writes that Alfred "could not
2255:
Alfred is noted as carrying around a small book, probably a medieval version of a small pocket notebook, that contained psalms and many prayers that he often collected. Asser writes: these "he collected in a single book, as I have seen for myself; amid all the affairs of the present life he took it
2237:
Now, he was greatly loved, more than all his brothers, by his father and mother—indeed, by everybody—with a universal and profound love, and he was always brought up in the royal court and nowhere else... was seen to be more comely in appearance than his other brothers, and more pleasing in manner,
1762:
judge, painstaking in his own judicial investigations and critical of royal officials who rendered unjust or unwise judgments. Although Asser never mentions Alfred's law code he does say that Alfred insisted that his judges be literate so that they could apply themselves "to the pursuit of wisdom".
371:
to Christianity. He defended his kingdom against the Viking attempt at conquest, becoming the dominant ruler in England. Alfred began styling himself as "King of the Anglo-Saxons" after reoccupying London from the Vikings. Details of his life are described in a work by 9th-century Welsh scholar and
2485:
Alfred died on 26 October 899 at the age of 50 or 51. How he died is unknown, but he suffered throughout his life with a painful and unpleasant illness. His biographer Asser gave a detailed description of Alfred's symptoms, and this has allowed modern doctors to provide a possible diagnosis. It is
2086:
explained why he thought it necessary to translate works such as this from Latin into English. Although he described his method as translating "sometimes word for word, sometimes sense for sense", the translation keeps very close to the original although, through his choice of language, he blurred
1969:
Alfred's educational ambitions seem to have extended beyond the establishment of a court school. Believing that without Christian wisdom there can be neither prosperity nor success in war, Alfred aimed "to set to learning (as long as they are not useful for some other employment) all the free-born
1636:
In the one recorded naval engagement in 896, Alfred's new fleet of nine ships intercepted six Viking ships at the mouth of an unidentified river in the south of England. The Danes had beached half their ships and gone inland. Alfred's ships immediately moved to block their escape. The three Viking
1582:
had a hidage of 2,400, which meant that the landowners there were responsible for supplying and feeding 2,400 men, the number sufficient for maintaining 9,900 feet (1.88 miles; 3.0 kilometres) of wall. A total of 27,071 soldiers were needed, approximately one in four of all the free men in Wessex.
709:
writers later interpreted this as an anticipatory coronation in preparation for his eventual succession to the throne of Wessex. This is unlikely; his succession could not have been foreseen at the time because Alfred had three living elder brothers. A letter of Leo IV shows that Alfred was made a
1939:
Alfred established a court school for the education of his own children, those of the nobility, and "a good many of lesser birth". There they studied books in both English and Latin and "devoted themselves to writing, to such an extent… they were seen to be devoted and intelligent students of the
1882:
Very little is known of the church under Alfred. The Danish attacks had been particularly damaging to the monasteries. Although Alfred founded monasteries at Athelney and Shaftesbury, these were the first new monastic houses in Wessex since the beginning of the eighth century. According to Asser,
1750:
that form an integral part of the code. Patrick Wormald's explanation is that Alfred's law code should be understood not as a legal manual but as an ideological manifesto of kingship "designed more for symbolic impact than for practical direction". In practical terms the most important law in the
1692:
who first among the English people received baptism". He appended, rather than integrated, the laws of Ine into his code and although he included, as had Æthelbert, a scale of payments in compensation for injuries to various body parts, the two injury tariffs are not aligned. Offa is not known to
770:
of Danes landing in East Anglia with the intent of conquering the four kingdoms which constituted Anglo-Saxon England in 865. Alfred's public life began in 865 at age 16 with the accession of his third brother, 18-year-old Æthelred. During this period, Bishop Asser gave Alfred the unique title of
383:
rather than Latin, and improving the legal system and military structure and his people's quality of life. He was given the epithet "the Great" from as early as the 13th century, though it was only popularised from the 16th century. Alfred is the only native-born English monarch to be labelled as
2559:
The prison was demolished between 1846 and 1850. Further excavations were inconclusive in 1866 and 1897. In 1866, amateur antiquarian John Mellor claimed to have recovered a number of bones from the site which he said were those of Alfred. These came into the possession of the vicar of nearby St
1900:
to his bishops so that they might better train and supervise priests and using those same bishops as royal officials and judges. Nor did his piety prevent him from expropriating strategically sited church lands, especially estates along the border with the Danelaw, and transferring them to royal
1886:
Alfred undertook no systematic reform of ecclesiastical institutions or religious practices in Wessex. For him, the key to the kingdom's spiritual revival was to appoint pious, learned, and trustworthy bishops and abbots. As king, he saw himself as responsible for both the temporal and spiritual
1754:
Alfred devoted considerable attention and thought to judicial matters. Asser underscores his concern for judicial fairness. Alfred, according to Asser, insisted upon reviewing contested judgments made by his ealdormen and reeves and "would carefully look into nearly all the judgements which were
1466:
With these lessons in mind Alfred capitalised on the relatively peaceful years following his victory at Edington with an ambitious restructuring of Saxon defences. On a trip to Rome Alfred had stayed with Charles the Bald, and it is possible that he may have studied how the Carolingian kings had
1462:
The means by which the Anglo-Saxons marshalled forces to defend against marauders also left them vulnerable to the Vikings. It was the responsibility of the shire fyrd to deal with local raids. The king could call up the national militia to defend the kingdom but in the case of the Viking raids,
1730:
and Alfred's code is the Apostolic Letter which explained that Christ "had come not to shatter or annul the commandments but to fulfill them; and he taught mercy and meekness" (Intro, 49.1). The mercy that Christ infused into Mosaic law underlies the injury tariffs that figure so prominently in
1917:
that "learning had declined so thoroughly in England that there were very few men on this side of the Humber who could understand their divine services in English or even translate a single letter from Latin into English: and I suppose that there were not many beyond the Humber either". Alfred
2646:
also reinforced Alfred's favourable image. By the time of the Reformation, Alfred was seen as a pious Christian ruler who promoted the use of English rather than Latin, and so the translations that he commissioned were viewed as untainted by the later Roman Catholic influences of the Normans.
1734:
The only crime that could not be compensated with a payment of money was treachery to a lord "since Almighty God adjudged none for those who despised Him, nor did Christ, the Son of God, adjudge any for the one who betrayed Him to death; and He commanded everyone to love his lord as Himself".
864:
in May. The defeat at Wilton smashed any remaining hope that Alfred could drive the invaders from his kingdom. Alfred was forced instead to make peace with them. Although the terms of the peace are not recorded, Bishop Asser wrote that the pagans agreed to vacate the realm and made good their
718:. With civil war looming, the magnates of the realm met in council to form a compromise. Æthelbald retained the western shires (i.e. historical Wessex), and Æthelwulf ruled in the east. After King Æthelwulf died in 858, Wessex was ruled by three of Alfred's brothers in succession: Æthelbald,
1443:
Wessex's history of failures preceding Alfred's success in 878 emphasised to him that the traditional system of battle he had inherited played to the Danes' advantage. While the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes attacked settlements for plunder, they employed different tactics. In their raids the
783:
to guard against the danger of a disputed succession should Æthelred fall in battle. It was a well known tradition among other Germanic peoples – such as the Swedes and Franks to whom the Anglo-Saxons were closely related – to crown a successor as royal prince and military commander.
1545:
The foundation of Alfred's new military defence system was a network of burhs, distributed at tactical points throughout the kingdom. There were thirty-three burhs, about 30 kilometres (19 miles) apart, enabling the military to confront attacks anywhere in the kingdom within a day.
1745:
introduction to the laws themselves, it is difficult to uncover any logical arrangement. The impression is of a hodgepodge of miscellaneous laws. The law code, as it has been preserved, is singularly unsuitable for use in lawsuits. In fact, several of Alfred's laws contradicted
1033:
and starved them into submission. One of the terms of the surrender was that Guthrum convert to Christianity. Three weeks later, the Danish king and 29 of his chief men were baptised at Alfred's court at Aller, near Athelney, with Alfred receiving Guthrum as his spiritual son.
1930:
posited a scribe who was either so blind he could not read what he wrote or who knew little or no Latin. "It is clear", Brooks concludes, "that the metropolitan church must have been quite unable to provide any effective training in the scriptures or in Christian worship".
1918:
undoubtedly exaggerated, for dramatic effect, the abysmal state of learning in England during his youth. That Latin learning had not been obliterated is evidenced by the presence in his court of learned Mercian and West Saxon clerics such as Plegmund, Wæferth, and Wulfsige.
2538:
Before construction began, convicts that would later be imprisoned at the site were sent in to prepare the ground, to ready it for building. While digging the foundation trenches, the convicts discovered the coffins of Alfred and his family. A local Roman Catholic priest,
1921:
Manuscript production in England dropped off precipitously around the 860s when the Viking invasions began in earnest, not to be revived until the end of the century. Numerous Anglo-Saxon manuscripts burnt along with the churches that housed them. A solemn diploma from
1970:
young men now in England who have the means to apply themselves to it". Conscious of the decay of Latin literacy in his realm, Alfred proposed that primary education be taught in English, with those wishing to advance to holy orders to continue their studies in Latin.
2568:'s and placed them in secure storage. The diocese made no claim that they were the bones of Alfred, but intended to secure them for later analysis, and from the attentions of people whose interest may have been sparked by the recent identification of the remains of
1224:
writes, "laden with spoils". The victorious fleet was surprised when attempting to leave the River Stour and was attacked by a Danish force at the mouth of the river. The Danish fleet defeated Alfred's fleet, which may have been weakened in the previous engagement.
710:"consul" and a misinterpretation of this investiture, deliberate or accidental, could explain later confusion. It may be based upon the fact that Alfred later accompanied his father on a pilgrimage to Rome where he spent some time at the court of Charles the Bald,
575:, it must have seemed very unlikely to contemporaries that he would establish a lasting dynasty. For 200 years, three families had fought for the West Saxon throne, and no son had followed his father as king. No ancestor of Ecgberht had been a king of Wessex since
2630:
canonised "All Saints of the British Isles" including King Alfred. He is honoured during the Feast of all Saints of the British Isles on the third Sunday after Pentecost and on his feast day of 26 October. There is an Orthodox Mission named after St Alfred in
1731:
barbarian law codes since Christian synods "established, through that mercy which Christ taught, that for almost every misdeed at the first offence secular lords might with their permission receive without sin the monetary compensation which they then fixed".
3403:
Historians have expressed doubt both whether the genealogy for Ecgberht going back to Cerdic was fabricated to legitimise his seizure of the West Saxon throne, and broadly whether Cerdic was a real person or if the story of Cerdic is a "foundation myth".
1681:-books" and "ordered to be written many of the ones that our forefathers observed—those that pleased me; and many of the ones that did not please me, I rejected with the advice of my councillors, and commanded them to be observed in a different way".
2870:
1607:
Alfred also tried his hand at naval design. In 896 he ordered the construction of a small fleet, perhaps a dozen or so longships that, at 60 oars, were twice the size of Viking warships. This was not, as the Victorians asserted, the birth of the
1171:
There were local raids on the coast of Wessex throughout the 880s. In 882, Alfred fought a small sea battle against four Danish ships. Two of the ships were destroyed, and the others surrendered. This was one of four sea battles recorded in the
1867:
almost a century before, undertook an equally ambitious effort to revive learning. During this period, the Viking raids were often seen as a divine punishment, and Alfred may have wished to revive religious awe in order to appease God's wrath.
1022:, who were charged with levying and leading these forces, but that they had maintained their positions of authority in these localities well enough to answer his summons to war. Alfred's actions also suggest a system of scouts and messengers.
2329:
was described as a relative in King Alfred's will and he attested charters in a high position until 934. A charter of King Edward's reign described him as the king's brother – mistakenly according to Keynes and Lapidge, but in the view of
606:
attacks. In 853, King Burgred of Mercia requested West Saxon help to suppress a Welsh rebellion, and Æthelwulf led a West Saxon contingent in a successful joint campaign. In the same year Burgred married Æthelwulf's daughter, Æthelswith.
2513:
hoping that it would become a mausoleum for him and his family. Four years after his death, the bodies of Alfred and his family were exhumed and moved to their new resting place in the New Minster and remained there for 211 years. When
1194:
After the signing of the treaty with Guthrum, Alfred was spared any large-scale conflicts for some time. Despite this relative peace, the king was forced to deal with a number of Danish raids and incursions. Among these was a raid in
1268:
After another lull, in the autumn of 892 or 893, the Danes attacked again. Finding their position in mainland Europe precarious, they crossed to England in 330 ships in two divisions. They entrenched themselves, the larger body at
2174:
It was at one time attached to a thin rod or stick based on the hollow socket at its base. The jewel certainly dates from Alfred's reign. Although its function is unknown, it has been often suggested that the jewel was one of the
800:. The Danes arrived in his homeland at the end of 870, and nine engagements were fought in the following year, with mixed results; the places and dates of two of these battles have not been recorded. A successful skirmish at the
2238:
speech and behaviour... in spite of all the demands of the present life, it has been the desire for wisdom, more than anything else, together with the nobility of his birth, which have characterized the nature of his noble mind.
1475:
Tenants in Anglo-Saxon England had a threefold obligation based on their landholding: the so-called "common burdens" of military service, fortress work, and bridge repair. This threefold obligation has traditionally been called
1459:. Once inside the fortification, Alfred realised, the Danes enjoyed the advantage, better situated to outlast their opponents or crush them with a counter-attack because the provisions and stamina of the besieging forces waned.
7523:
3462:
According to St Dunstan's apprentice, "poor King Eadred would suck the juice out of the food, chew what remained for a little while and spit it out: a nasty practice that often turned the stomachs of the thegns who dined with
1429:
If a nobleman who holds land neglects military service, he shall pay 120 shillings and forfeit his land; a nobleman who holds no land shall pay 60 shillings; a commoner shall pay a fine of 30 shillings for neglecting military
2256:
around with him everywhere for the sake of prayer, and was inseparable from it." An excellent hunter in every branch of the sport, Alfred is remembered as an enthusiastic huntsman against whom nobody's skills could compare.
484:, king of Mercia in 853. Most historians think that Osburh was the mother of all Æthelwulf's children, but some suggest that the older ones were born to an unrecorded first wife. Osburh was descended from the rulers of the
434:
and Richard Huscroft. West Saxon genealogical lists state that Alfred was 23 when he became king in April 871, implying that he was born between April 847 and April 848. This dating is adopted in the biography of Alfred by
1755:
passed in his absence anywhere in the realm to see whether they were just or unjust". A charter from the reign of his son Edward the Elder depicts Alfred as hearing one such appeal in his chamber while washing his hands.
2564:
of the abbey buildings and some bones, suggested at the time to be those of Alfred; they proved instead to belong to an elderly woman. In March 2013, the Diocese of Winchester exhumed the bones from the unmarked grave at
1827:
followed their example and the latter cooperated with the English in the campaign of 893 (or 894). That Alfred sent alms to Irish and Continental monasteries may be taken on Asser's authority. The visit of three pilgrim
1616:
and Ealdorman Ealhhere had defeated a Viking fleet in 851 capturing nine ships and Alfred had conducted naval actions in 882. The year 897 marked an important development in the naval power of Wessex. The author of the
1281:, also in Kent. The invaders brought their wives and children with them, indicating a meaningful attempt at conquest and colonisation. Alfred, in 893 or 894, took up a position from which he could observe both forces.
2170:
gold, enclosing a highly polished piece of quartz crystal beneath which is set in a cloisonné enamel plaque with an enamelled image of a man holding floriate sceptres, perhaps personifying Sight or the Wisdom of God.
895:
in Dorset. Alfred blockaded them but was unable to take Wareham by assault. He negotiated a peace that involved an exchange of hostages and oaths, which the Danes swore on a "holy ring" associated with the worship of
3376:
Tomas Kalmar argues that we do know when Alfred was born. He regards the date of birth of 849 in Asser's biography is a later interpolation, and considers that the period of 23 years in the genealogy (in MS A of the
907:
Alfred blockaded the Viking ships in Devon, and with a relief fleet having been scattered by a storm, the Danes were forced to submit. The Danes withdrew to Mercia. In January 878, the Danes made a sudden attack on
2165:
in 1693, has long been associated with King Alfred because of its Old English inscription AELFRED MEC HEHT GEWYRCAN ("Alfred ordered me to be made"). The jewel is about 2.5 inches (6.4 centimetres) long, made of
1215:
Not long after the failed Danish raid in Kent, Alfred dispatched his fleet to East Anglia. The purpose of this expedition is debated, but Asser claims that it was for the sake of plunder. After travelling up the
1774:
promoted Alfred's achievements and personal qualities. It was possible that the document was designed this way so that it could be disseminated in Wales because Alfred had acquired overlordship of that country.
1783:
Asser speaks grandiosely of Alfred's relations with foreign powers but little definite information is available. His interest in foreign countries is shown by the insertions which he made in his translation of
1211:
force against the Danes who, instead of engaging the army of Wessex, fled to their beached ships and sailed to another part of Britain. The retreating Danish force supposedly left Britain the following summer.
2062:
are no longer accepted by scholars as Alfred's own translations because of lexical and stylistic differences. Nonetheless, the consensus remains that they were part of the Alfredian programme of translation.
7725:
A Glossary; or Collection of Words, Phrases, Names and Allusions to Customs, Proverbs, etc., Which Have Been Thought to Require Illustration in the Works of English Authors, Particularly Shakespeare and His
1944:
and John the Saxon came from Francia; Plegmund (whom Alfred appointed archbishop of Canterbury in 890), Bishop Wærferth of Worcester, Æthelstan, and the royal chaplains Werwulf, from Mercia; and Asser, from
2223:
No known portrait of Alfred the Great exists from life, except on coins. Above, a likeness by artist and historian George S. Stuart, created from his physical description mentioned in historical records.
2799:. The statue was vandalised on New Year's Eve 2007, losing part of its right arm and axe. After the arm and axe were replaced, the statue was again vandalised on Christmas Eve 2008, losing its axe.
2752:. The lower older half is likely to have been carved by a continental craftsman used to working with British stone. The upper half dates to the late 18th or early 19th century, cast from artificial
1726:
Similarly Alfred divided his code into 120 chapters because 120 was the age at which Moses died and, in the number-symbolism of early medieval biblical exegetes, 120 stood for law. The link between
912:, a royal stronghold in which Alfred had been staying over Christmas "and most of the people they killed, except the King Alfred, and he with a little band made his way by wood and swamp, and after
8919:
1358:.) An attempt to break through the English lines failed. Those who escaped retreated to Shoebury. After collecting reinforcements, they made a sudden dash across England and occupied the ruined
464:, was old enough to be appointed sub-king of Kent in 839, almost 10 years before Alfred was born. He died in the early 850s. Alfred's next three brothers were successively kings of Wessex.
7514:
6370:
Bately, Janet (1990). ""Those books that are most necessary for all men to know": The Classics and late ninth-century England: a reappraisal". In Bernardo, Aldo S.; Levin, Saul (eds.).
2260:
satisfy his craving for what he desired the most, namely the liberal arts; for, as he used to say, there were no good scholars in the entire kingdom of the West Saxons at that time".
2087:
throughout the distinction between spiritual and secular authority. Alfred meant the translation to be used, and circulated it to all his bishops. Interest in Alfred's translation of
1751:
code may well have been the first: "We enjoin, what is most necessary, that each man keep carefully his oath and his pledge" which expresses a fundamental tenet of Anglo-Saxon law.
3436:
The Alfredian burh represented a stage in the evolution of English medieval towns and boroughs. Of the twenty two burhs that became boroughs three did not attain full town status.
1168:, Guthrum was neutralised as a threat. The Viking army, which had stayed at Fulham during the winter of 878–879, sailed for Ghent and was active on the continent from 879 to 892.
2009:, with the king merely furnishing a preface. Remarkably, Alfred – undoubtedly with the advice and aid of his court scholars – translated four works himself: Gregory the Great's
3423:
A chrisom was the face-cloth or piece of linen laid over a child's head when he or she was baptised or christened. Originally the purpose of the chrisom-cloth was to keep the
653:
Viking raids increased in the early 840s on both sides of the English Channel, and in 843 Æthelwulf was defeated at Carhampton. In 850, Æthelstan defeated a Danish fleet off
1940:
liberal arts". He recruited scholars from the Continent and from Britain to aid in the revival of Christian learning in Wessex and to provide the king personal instruction.
1284:
While he was in talks with Hastein, the Danes at Appledore broke out and struck north-westwards. They were overtaken by Alfred's eldest son Edward, and were defeated at the
1260:. Guthrum's death changed the political landscape for Alfred. The resulting power vacuum stirred other power-hungry warlords eager to take his place in the following years.
1183:
exempted the Saxon quarter in Rome from taxation, probably in return for Alfred's promise to send alms annually to Rome, which may be the origin of the medieval tax called
9018:
379:
Alfred had a reputation as a learned and merciful man of a gracious and level-headed nature who encouraged education, proposing that primary education be conducted in
1203:, during the year 885, which was possibly the largest raid since the battles with Guthrum. Asser's account of the raid places the Danish raiders at the Saxon city of
457:, and as late as 844, a charter showed that it was part of Mercia, but Alfred's birth in the county is evidence that, by the late 840s, control had passed to Wessex.
5338:
2519:
of Alfred and his family to safely transfer them to a new location. The New Minster monks moved to Hyde in 1110 a little north of the city, and they transferred to
860:
While he was busy with the burial ceremonies for his brother, the Danes defeated the Saxon army in his absence at an unnamed spot and then again in his presence at
2825:
and erected in 1899 to mark one thousand years since Alfred's death. The statue is placed on a pedestal consisting of two immense blocks of grey Cornish granite.
1557:, such as Winchester, where the stone walls were repaired and ditches added, to massive earthen walls surrounded by wide ditches, probably reinforced with wooden
488:. She was described by Alfred's biographer Asser as "a most religious woman, noble by temperament and noble by birth". She had died by 856 when Æthelwulf married
1328:
1220:, the fleet was met by Danish vessels that numbered 13 or 16 (sources vary on the number), and a battle ensued. The Anglo-Saxon fleet emerged victorious, and as
1142:, Essex had formed part of Wessex. After the foundation of Danelaw, it appears that some of Essex would have been ceded to the Danes, but how much is not clear.
1369:
Early in 894 or 895 lack of food obliged the Danes to retire once more to Essex. At the end of the year, the Danes drew their ships up the River Thames and the
9889:
1176:, three of which involved Alfred. Similar small skirmishes with independent Viking raiders would have occurred for much of the period as they had for decades.
7859:
4223:
8310:
8339:
8228:
7962:
7788:
7679:
6837:
6564:
1245:
A year later, in 886, Alfred reoccupied the city of London and set out to make it habitable again. Alfred entrusted the city to the care of his son-in-law
7325:
Kalmar, Tomas (2016b). "Then Alfred took the Throne and then what? Parker's Error and Plummer's Blind Spot". In Volodarskaya, Emma; Roberts, Jane (eds.).
1252:
This is also the period in which almost all chroniclers agree that the Saxon people of pre-unification England submitted to Alfred. In 888, Æthelred, the
348:, reigned in turn before him. Under Alfred's rule, considerable administrative and military reforms were introduced, prompting lasting change in England.
8926:
849:
In April 871, King Æthelred died and Alfred acceded to the throne of Wessex and the burden of its defence, even though Æthelred left two under-age sons,
2138:, a 13th-century work, contains sayings that are not likely to have originated with Alfred but attest to his posthumous medieval reputation for wisdom.
1863:
In the 880s, at the same time that he was "cajoling and threatening" his nobles to build and man the burhs, Alfred, perhaps inspired by the example of
1815:
Alfred's relations with the Celtic princes in the western half of Great Britain are clearer. Comparatively early in his reign, according to Asser, the
1130:). By terms of the treaty, moreover, Alfred was to have control over the Mercian city of London and its mints—at least for the time being. In 825, the
1002:), and they rejoiced to see him". Alfred's emergence from his marshland stronghold was part of a carefully planned offensive that entailed raising the
8116:
5913:
936:. 878 was the nadir of the history of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. With all the other kingdoms having fallen to the Vikings, Wessex alone was resisting.
7212:
Memorials of King Alfred: being essays on the history and antiquities of England during the ninth century, the age of King Alfred, by various authors
1883:
Alfred enticed foreign monks to England for his monastery at Athelney because there was little interest for the locals to take up the monastic life.
418:("which is so called from Berroc Wood, where the box tree grows very abundantly"). This date has been accepted by the editors of Asser's biography,
8111:
1304:, where they were blockaded and forced to give hostages and promise to leave Wessex. They then went to Essex and after suffering another defeat at
868:
The Viking army withdrew from Reading in the autumn of 871 to take up winter quarters in Mercian London. Although not mentioned by Asser or by the
58:
2642:
Alfred commissioned Bishop Asser to write his biography, which inevitably emphasised Alfred's positive aspects. Later medieval historians such as
6333:
9011:
7086:
1677:. Together these laws are arranged into 120 chapters. In his introduction Alfred explains that he gathered together the laws he found in many "
1256:, also died. One year later Guthrum, or Athelstan by his baptismal name, Alfred's former enemy and king of East Anglia, died and was buried in
888:. These finds hint at the cost involved in making peace with the Vikings. For the next five years, the Danes occupied other parts of England.
779:, a recognised successor closely associated with the reigning monarch. This arrangement may have been sanctioned by Alfred's father or by the
6669:
10058:
2284:. The Gaini were probably one of the tribal groups of the Mercians. Ealhswith's mother, Eadburh, was a member of the Mercian royal family.
2058:
8176:
7729:
1122:
Alfred succeeded to Ceolwulf's kingdom consisting of western Mercia, and Guthrum incorporated the eastern part of Mercia into an enlarged
9932:
630:
had submitted to Ecgberht, and he had appointed Æthelwulf to rule the south-eastern territories as king of Kent. The Vikings ravaged the
6141:
1871:
This revival entailed the recruitment of clerical scholars from Mercia, Wales and abroad to enhance the tenor of the court and of the
9869:
9004:
8734:
6163:
2627:
6030:
657:
in the first recorded naval battle in English history. In 851, Æthelwulf and his second son, Æthelbald, defeated the Vikings at the
410:, writing in 893, "In the year of our Lord's Incarnation 849 Alfred, King of the Anglo-Saxons", was born at the royal estate called
6062:
1338:, possibly with the idea of assisting their friends in the west. They were met by a large force under the three great ealdormen of
1095:
That treaty divided up the kingdom of Mercia. By its terms, the boundary between Alfred's and Guthrum's kingdoms was to run up the
8420:
Heathorn, Stephen (December 2002). "The Highest Type of Englishman: Gender, War, and the Alfred the Great Commemoration of 1901".
3487:
6440:
2581:
1913:
The Danish raids had a devastating effect on learning in England. Alfred lamented in the preface to his translation of Gregory's
449:
7850:
6111:
3381:) is not Alfred's age when he acceded to the throne, but the period from his succession to the date the genealogy was compiled.
598:. Mercia dominated southern England, but its supremacy came to an end in 825 when it was decisively defeated by Ecgberht at the
7650:
6521:
2869:
2808:
2612:
2403:
1578:
provides an insight into how the system worked. It lists the hidage for each of the fortified towns contained in the document.
1402:
The Germanic tribes who invaded Britain in the fifth and sixth centuries relied upon the unarmoured infantry supplied by their
10533:
8555:
8517:
8460:
8401:
8382:
8327:
8291:
8272:
8216:
8197:
8165:
8072:
8050:
7951:
7919:
7835:
7776:
7713:
7667:
7633:
7595:
7540:
7502:
7475:
7456:
7437:
7336:
7247:
7228:
7176:
7107:
6995:
6976:
6787:
6659:
6511:
6400:
6327:
6302:
6275:
6256:
2784:
2721:
6183:
3015:Æthelwulf returns home, but Æthelbald refuses to give up his position, forcing Æthelwulf to retire to Kent with Æthelberht.
1840:) to Alfred in 891 is undoubtedly authentic. The story that, in his childhood, he was sent to Ireland to be healed by Saint
9027:
8588:
1366:. The English did not attempt a winter blockade but contented themselves with destroying all the supplies in the district.
232:
10442:
9975:
6597:
5949:
5346:
10259:
242:
10573:
8912:
7900:
2452:
2296:
536:
247:
8597:
8536:
8498:
8146:
8095:
8028:
7987:
7757:
7614:
7576:
7381:
7157:
7126:
7069:
6825:
6806:
6485:
1075:
31:
9124:
3449:
reported that Alfred sent a delegation to India, although this could just mean western Asia, as other versions say "
2376:
520:
443:
in his biography discusses both sources but does not decide between them and dates Alfred's birth as 847/849, while
10543:
10538:
9149:
7201:
2179:– pointers for reading – that Alfred ordered sent to every bishopric accompanying a copy of his translation of the
1711:
About a fifth of the law code is taken up by Alfred's introduction which includes translations into English of the
1207:, where they built a temporary fortress in order to besiege the city. In response to this incursion, Alfred led an
540:
359:
in 878 and made an agreement with the Vikings, dividing England between Anglo-Saxon territory and the Viking-ruled
52:
8302:
6546:
6383:
Bately, Janet M. (2014). "Alfred as Author and Translator". In Nicole Guenther Discenza; Paul E. Szarmach (eds.).
1246:
792:
In 868, Alfred was recorded as fighting beside Æthelred in a failed attempt to keep the Great Heathen Army led by
10568:
10528:
10293:
9925:
7351:
7328:
Language, Culture and Society in Russian/English Studies: the Proceedings of the Sixth Conference 27–28 July 2015
7011:
6424:
Blackburn, M.A.S. (1998). "The London mint in the reign of Alfred". In Blackburn, M.A.S.; Dumville, D.N. (eds.).
1793:
10098:
9982:
7970:
10558:
2531:
7342:
2833:
The centerpiece of Alfred University's quad is a bronze statue of the king, created in 1990 by then-professor
1770:, commissioned at the time of Alfred, was probably written to promote unification of England, whereas Asser's
1621:
related that Alfred's ships were larger, swifter, steadier and rode higher in the water than either Danish or
10553:
10325:
9669:
9439:
9393:
8727:
2463:
2300:
453:
article dates it 848/849. Berkshire had been historically disputed between Wessex and the midland kingdom of
8882:
6780:
Wessex and England from Alfred to Edgar : six essays on political, cultural, and ecclesiastical revival
5821:
5819:
2431:
1852:
1342:, Wiltshire and Somerset and forced to head off to the north-west, being finally overtaken and blockaded at
548:
473:
469:
341:
252:
10578:
10563:
9825:
8106:
7914:. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series. Vol. 67. Cambridge University Press.
7191:
1451:
The bases were prepared in advance, often by capturing an estate and augmenting its defences with ditches,
1161:
1067:
891:
In 876, under Guthrum, Oscetel and Anwend, the Danes slipped past the Saxon army and attacked and occupied
872:, Alfred probably paid the Vikings silver to leave, much as the Mercians were to do in the following year.
35:
9081:
8877:
8872:
5157:
1398:
Alfred the Great silver offering penny, 871–899. Legend: AELFRED REX SAXONUM ('Alfred King of the Saxons')
465:
337:
277:
9849:
5816:
2128:
1927:
393:
17:
8578:
6673:
2837:. It features the king as a young man, holding a shield in his left hand and an open book in his right.
2523:
along with Alfred's body and those of his wife and children, which were interred before the high altar.
10494:
10430:
10416:
9918:
9678:
9648:
8743:
7493:
Keynes, Simon (2014). "Asser". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.).
6319:
2846:
1293:
900:. The Danes broke their word, and after killing all the hostages, slipped away under cover of night to
584:
8593:
2552:
The convicts broke the stone coffins into pieces, the lead, which lined the coffins, was sold for two
10513:
10314:
10118:
9941:
9708:
9693:
9269:
7447:
Keynes, Simon (1998). "Alfred and the Mercians". In Blackburn, Mark A.S.; Dumville, David N. (eds.).
6313:
5510:
4233:
2019:
1923:
10350:
9509:
8584:
8318:
Yorke, Barbara (2001). "Alfred, king of Wessex (871–899)". In Lapidge, Michael; et al. (eds.).
7080:
2813:
A bronze statue of Alfred the Great stands at the eastern end of The Broadway, close to the site of
762:
Alfred is not mentioned during the short reigns of his older brothers Æthelbald and Æthelberht. The
439:, who regards Asser's biography as fraudulent, an allegation which is rejected by other historians.
10548:
10276:
10154:
10140:
9582:
9552:
9143:
9075:
8867:
8720:
8688:
3266:
2029:
1673:
consisting of his own laws, followed by a code issued by his late seventh-century predecessor King
1626:
1579:
1289:
1253:
568:
325:
112:
10254:
7815:
A Literal Translation of King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of the Compendious History of the World
2732:
is considered to be the oldest outdoor statue in London, and part of it has been found to date to
1887:
welfare of his subjects. Secular and spiritual authority were not distinct categories for Alfred.
1164:, an event most commonly held to have taken place around 880 when Guthrum's people began settling
836:(perhaps Marden in Wiltshire or Martin in Dorset). Æthelred died shortly afterwards in April 871.
9964:
9471:
9387:
8661:
8490:
6503:
6477:
5754:
3168:
2764:
2204:
1796:, and embassies to Rome conveying the English alms to the pope were fairly frequent. Around 890,
1394:
817:
805:
643:
321:
81:
9334:
9066:
8842:
3744:
2956:
1025:
Alfred won a decisive victory in the ensuing Battle of Edington which may have been fought near
719:
345:
9791:
8180:
7515:"Bones of King Alfred the Great believed to have been found in a box at Winchester City Museum"
6495:
2697:, where he was a landowner. It was unveiled in June 1913 to commemorate the coronation of King
2134:
1837:
1789:
1123:
964:
367:, the north-east Midlands and East Anglia. Alfred also oversaw the conversion of Viking leader
9054:
8449:
Irvine, Susan (2006). "Beginnings and Transitions: Old English". In Mugglestone, Lynda (ed.).
3042:
2986:
2982:
2098:
was the most popular philosophical handbook of the Middle Ages. Unlike the translation of the
854:
715:
680:
10460:
10307:
10065:
9642:
9287:
9281:
8129:
7847:"Alfred the Great's Old English translation of Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care (MS Ii.2.4)"
7818:
7186:
7099:
6691:
6458:
6375:
6286:
2725:
2515:
2509:
and later, his son Edward the Elder. Before his death he had ordered the construction of the
2312:
2191:
which fits in well with the quality workmanship and expensive materials of the Alfred jewel.
1625:
ships. It is probable that, under the classical tutelage of Asser, Alfred used the design of
1534:
1089:
960:
928:, Alfred was able to mount a resistance campaign, rallying the local militias from Somerset,
693:
663:
9177:
8969:
8832:
8638:
7513:
7449:
Kings, currency, and alliances: history and coinage of southern England in the ninth century
6137:
5804:
5802:
3657:
1689:
1684:
Alfred singled out in particular the laws that he "found in the days of Ine, my kinsman, or
723:
10518:
10403:
10393:
10356:
10333:
10205:
10017:
9594:
9564:
9546:
9483:
9447:
9433:
6986:
Gifford, Edwin; Gifford, Joyce (2003). "Alfred's new longships". In Reuter, Timothy (ed.).
6910:
6410:
2796:
2665:
2643:
2540:
1759:
1720:
1343:
1217:
801:
309:
299:
156:
10388:
8822:
6167:
5768:
2914:
1613:
1386:, some to East Anglia. Those who had no connections in England returned to the continent.
594:
At the beginning of the ninth century, England was almost wholly under the control of the
515:
of the Gaini, and his wife Eadburh, who was of royal Mercian descent. Their children were
461:
8:
10523:
10362:
10300:
10234:
10112:
10051:
9600:
9588:
9570:
9558:
9381:
8862:
8852:
6426:
Kings, Currency and Alliances: History and Coinage of Southern England in the 9th Century
6026:
5799:
2632:
2597:
2527:
2229:
2006:
1569:
in Devon, to large fortifications in established towns, the largest being at Winchester.
1221:
1026:
10477:
9521:
9243:
9231:
6914:
10105:
10001:
9899:
9859:
9683:
9654:
9527:
9503:
9423:
9310:
9225:
8857:
8827:
8807:
8797:
8787:
8601:
8084:
7767:
Nelson, Janet (2003). "Alfred's Carolingian Contemporaries". In Reuter, Timothy (ed.).
7412:
7275:
7258:
7190:
7048:
6766:
6729:
6633:
6606:
6471:
6358:
3483:
3258:
3064:
3003:
2981:Æthelwulf goes on a pilgrimage with Alfred, after dividing his realm between his sons,
2609:
2487:
2123:
2103:
2040:
One might add to this list the translation, in Alfred's law code, of excerpts from the
1797:
1478:
1444:
Anglo-Saxons traditionally preferred to attack head-on by assembling their forces in a
1200:
1155:
1139:
972:
821:
809:
767:
739:
711:
599:
544:
489:
356:
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6434:
6052:
2586:
1599:
demands placed upon them even though they were for "the common needs of the kingdom".
10089:
10071:
10011:
9819:
9742:
9702:
9459:
9453:
9340:
9304:
9275:
9237:
9060:
8847:
8802:
8777:
8551:
8532:
8513:
8494:
8483:
8478:
8470:
8456:
8437:
8397:
8378:
8323:
8287:
8268:
8212:
8193:
8161:
8142:
8091:
8068:
8046:
8024:
7983:
7947:
7915:
7896:
7846:
7831:
7772:
7753:
7709:
7663:
7629:
7610:
7591:
7572:
7536:
7498:
7481:
7471:
7452:
7433:
7416:
7377:
7332:
7313:
7292:
Kalmar, Tomas (2016a). "Born in the Margin: The Chronological Scaffolding of Asser's
7280:
7243:
7224:
7172:
7153:
7122:
7103:
7065:
7040:
6991:
6972:
6928:
6885:
6821:
6802:
6783:
6770:
6758:
6733:
6655:
6638:
6507:
6481:
6396:
6362:
6323:
6298:
6271:
6252:
6115:
2834:
2620:
2605:
2560:
Bartholomew's Church who reburied them in an unmarked grave in the church graveyard.
2424:
1994:
1891:
1857:
1285:
1257:
1063:
999:
987:
983:
861:
813:
804:
in Berkshire on 31 December 870 was followed by a severe defeat at the siege and the
797:
793:
714:, around 854–855. On their return from Rome in 856, Æthelwulf was deposed by his son
627:
532:
364:
224:
7644:
6529:
2273:
675:
508:
10198:
10186:
10006:
9894:
9748:
9636:
9630:
9489:
9465:
9093:
8996:
8963:
8813:
8767:
8704:
8429:
8344:
8233:
7793:
7684:
7588:
Alfred's Wars: Sources and Interpretations of Anglo-Saxon Warfare in the Viking Age
7408:
7305:
7270:
7032:
6952:
6918:
6875:
6842:
6750:
6741:
Dumville, David (1986). "The West Saxon Genealogical List: Manuscripts and Texts".
6721:
6628:
6618:
6569:
6388:
6350:
3270:
2822:
2818:
2591:
2288:
2150:
1986:
1712:
1655:
1184:
1135:
1112:
833:
829:
619:
524:
493:
237:
136:
8356:
8245:
7805:
7696:
6854:
6581:
6354:
1763:
The failure to comply with this royal order was to be punished by loss of office.
1747:
1612:. Wessex had possessed a royal fleet before this. Alfred's older brother sub-king
10217:
10211:
10147:
10030:
9874:
9773:
9576:
9405:
9375:
9261:
9194:
8944:
8754:
8616:
8474:
8450:
8060:
7935:
Men in Arms: A History of Warfare and Its Interrelationships with Western Society
7733:
7387:
7369:
7242:. Vol. IV - October–December. United States of America: St. Eadfrith Press.
6797:
Dumville, David (1996). Fryde, E.B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I (eds.).
6754:
6187:
6180:
3249:
3215:
2651:
2616:
2407:
2068:
1829:
1705:
1694:
1411:
1297:
1270:
1204:
1187:. The pope sent gifts to Alfred, including what was reputed to be a piece of the
945:
925:
892:
885:
755:
658:
631:
615:
611:
444:
436:
423:
267:
7551:
6341:
Bately, Janet (1970). "King Alfred and the Old English Translation of Orosius".
6287:"Royal Succession and the Growth of Political Stability in Ninth-Century Wessex"
2219:
2211:
had been. Alfred's ultimate responsibility was the pastoral care of his people.
1315:
Alfred had been on his way to relieve his son at Thorney when he heard that the
10287:
10282:
10042:
10024:
9884:
9854:
9399:
9200:
9137:
9048:
8782:
7930:
7196:
7145:
7020:
6956:
6816:
Dunstan, St (1992). Ramsey, Nigel; Sparks, Margaret; Tatton-Brown, Tim (eds.).
6709:
6623:
6573:
3103:
2788:
2601:
2565:
2292:
1716:
1574:
1519:
1505:
1452:
1305:
1238:
1233:
1180:
1116:
1084:
1062:
At Wedmore, Alfred and Guthrum negotiated what some historians have called the
654:
647:
516:
431:
427:
9515:
8572:
8348:
7797:
7688:
6846:
6725:
6589:
6392:
1134:
had recorded that the people of Essex, Sussex, Kent and Surrey surrendered to
579:
in the late sixth century, but he was believed to be a paternal descendant of
10507:
10248:
10192:
9864:
9759:
9219:
8837:
8260:
8237:
8038:
7420:
7317:
7309:
7044:
6940:
6932:
6889:
6762:
6450:
The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066
5987:
2858:
2664:
in his honour. In 2002, Alfred was ranked number 14 in the BBC's list of the
2308:
2024:
1896:
1674:
1641:). The shipwrecked crew were brought before Alfred at Winchester and hanged.
1566:
1554:
1415:
1335:
706:
572:
485:
440:
8904:
8887:
7737:
7567:
Lapidge, Michael (2001). Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.).
7485:
7374:
Alfred the Great, Asser's Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources
7214:. Burt Franklin research & source works series. New York: Burt Franklin.
7010:. Translated by Giles, J. A.; Ingram, J. Project Gutenberg. September 1996.
6923:
6898:
6004:
2931:
2874:
2681:
2477:
1957:
1586:
The burhs were connected by a road system maintained for army use (known as
1486:. The Old English name for the fine due for neglecting military service was
876:
dating to the Viking occupation of London in 871/872 have been excavated at
602:. Mercia and Wessex became allies, which was important in the resistance to
477:
105:
8441:
7745:
7432:. Vol. II. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–42.
7391:
7365:
7356:
6461:(1986). "Reflections on the Viking-age silver hoard from Croydon, Surrey".
2780:
2491:
2331:
2158:
2146:
2064:
1962:
1702:
1609:
1403:
1359:
1309:
1278:
1096:
497:
419:
9099:
8975:
7428:
Keynes, Simon (1995). "England, 700–900". In McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.).
7284:
6880:
6863:
6642:
3330:
3286:
Alfred conquers London and declares himself the king of the Anglo-Saxons.
3007:
2952:
2709:
2414:
1382:. The next year, 896 (or 897), they gave up the struggle. Some retired to
850:
528:
399:
329:
9956:
9779:
9477:
9208:
8433:
7497:(Second ed.). Chichester, UK: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 51–52.
3800:
3364:
3124:
Alfred makes peace with the Danes and takes Winchester as his residence.
3068:
2753:
2733:
2569:
2535:
the site was acquired by the county for the construction of a town jail.
2510:
2502:
2141:
1998:
1946:
1864:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1638:
1445:
1383:
1324:
1316:
1208:
1165:
1071:
979:
971:, on the supposed site of Egbert's Stone, the mustering place before the
812:
on 5 January 871. Four days later, the Anglo-Saxons won a victory at the
734:
702:
595:
380:
7119:
The Defence of Wessex: The Burghal Hidage and Anglo-Saxon Fortifications
7052:
6801:(3rd with corrections ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6138:"Victorian Web: Alfred the Great – Sculpture by Sir W. Hamo Thornycroft"
4447:
4445:
2002:
1565:
in West Sussex. The size of the burhs ranged from tiny outposts such as
588:
9182:
7085:. London: N. Trübner & Company for the Early English text society.
6964:
6712:(1979). "The ætheling: a study in Anglo-Saxon constitutional history".
4058:
2814:
2792:
2741:
2740:
until 2021 conservation work. The lower half was then discovered to be
2658:
2520:
2091:
was so enduring that copies were still being made in the 11th century.
1872:
1727:
1698:
1591:
1538:
1379:
1351:
1188:
1030:
1015:
909:
639:
635:
190:
186:
7005:
5304:
3235:
Alfred besieges Exeter and is able to expel the Danes from his realm.
2619:
on 26 October, and he may often be found depicted in stained glass in
27:
King of Wessex (871 – c. 886); King of the Anglo-Saxons (c. 886 – 899)
10078:
9879:
8712:
8645:
7466:
Keynes, Simon (1999). "King Alfred the Great and Shaftesbury Abbey".
7079:
Gregory I, Pope; Alfred, King of England (1871). Sweet, Henry (ed.).
7036:
5616:
4442:
3641:
3218:, but is besieged by Alfred. The Danes abandon Wareham, only to take
2850:
2729:
2714:
2506:
2277:
2269:
1650:
1629:, with high sides, designed for fighting rather than for navigation.
1558:
1370:
1355:
1347:
1301:
1151:
1100:
1011:
995:
991:
933:
929:
881:
698:
610:
In 825, Ecgberht sent Æthelwulf to invade the Mercian sub-kingdom of
512:
504:
415:
204:
9910:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5640:
5366:
5364:
3565:
2845:
A marble statue of Alfred the Great stands on the North side of the
2693:
A prominent statue of King Alfred the Great stands in the middle of
1823:
and Mercia, commended themselves to Alfred. Later in his reign, the
1510:
476:(865–871) was only a year or two older. Alfred's only known sister,
10398:
10241:
10167:
9322:
8792:
8177:"Summary of Hyde Community Archaeology Project (completed in 1999)"
7326:
7138:
Anglo-Saxon Military Institutions on the Eve of the Norman Conquest
6415:
6057:
3553:
2737:
2698:
2167:
2162:
2153:, Oxford, commissioned by Alfred; probably a pointer to aid reading
2014:
1941:
1905:
and officials who could better defend them against Viking attacks.
1841:
1670:
1622:
1587:
1456:
1375:
968:
949:
921:
917:
825:
336:, who both died when Alfred was young. Three of Alfred's brothers,
7399:
Keynes, Simon (1993). "The Control of Kent in the Ninth Century".
6943:(1985). "Monastic lands and England's defence in the Viking Age".
6268:
Alfred the Great: War, Kingship and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England
4903:
the much more positive view of the capabilities of these ships in
4087:
4085:
2748:. It is typical of the 2nd Century, dating to around the reign of
2744:
and part of a colossal ancient sculpture dedicated to the goddess
1525:
9736:
9622:
9538:
9328:
9213:
5759:
5724:
5573:
5546:
5361:
5205:
4355:
3581:
3391:
3313:
3198:
3182:
2935:
2777:
2769:
2749:
2745:
2636:
2553:
2399:
2326:
2304:
2045:
2041:
2034:
1926:, dated 873, is so poorly constructed and written that historian
1805:
1785:
1562:
1550:
1363:
1274:
1127:
1108:
1046:
1042:
877:
747:
743:
576:
571:, became king of Wessex in 802, and in the view of the historian
481:
411:
368:
360:
328:
from 886 until his death in 899. He was the youngest son of King
262:
152:
6463:
Anglo-Saxon Monetary History: Essays in Memory of Michael Dolley
6193:
5969:
4941:
4866:
4864:
4290:
2082:
The preface of Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory the Great's
1487:
1010:. This meant not only that the king had retained the loyalty of
351:
After ascending the throne, Alfred spent several years fighting
9993:
9785:
9767:
9105:
8772:
8469:
7210:
Henry of Huntingdon (1969). "Histories". In Giles, J.A. (ed.).
6864:"What's in a Name? Tracing the Origins of Alfred's 'the Great'"
5988:
Eastern American Diocese Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
5606:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5419:
5316:
5169:
4484:
4199:
4082:
4019:
3931:
3816:
3609:
3424:
3219:
3151:
2965:
2694:
2686:
2495:
2208:
2188:
1801:
1665:
1595:
1346:. (Some identify this with Buttington Tump at the mouth of the
1339:
1320:
913:
901:
776:
751:
623:
603:
580:
454:
403:
352:
333:
287:
160:
8126:
Alfred the Great: His Abbeys of Hyde, Athelney and Shaftesbury
7331:. London, Senate House: University of London. pp. 37–83.
6693:
Houses of Benedictine monks: New Minster, or the Abbey of Hyde
6220:
4953:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4280:
4278:
3982:
3832:
3625:
3390:
According to Richard Abels, Ealhswith was descended from King
638:
in Somerset, but in 838 he was victorious over an alliance of
559:
10436:
8394:
Patterns of Power: The Military Campaigns of Alfred the Great
8209:
The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century
6053:"Alfred the Great's Southwark statue is partly Roman goddess"
5470:
5256:
5145:
4861:
4617:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3450:
2320:
2281:
1989:
kept by the king, the earliest work to be translated was the
1902:
1809:
1678:
1104:
1079:
1019:
1007:
873:
780:
407:
373:
5931:
5628:
5597:
5563:
5561:
4876:
4239:
2110:
The last of the Alfredian works is one which bears the name
9316:
9188:
7999:
Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen
7082:
King Alfred's West-Saxon version of Gregory's Pastoral care
5458:
5123:
5121:
4978:
4922:
4607:
4605:
4573:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4338:
4275:
4187:
4048:
4046:
3764:
2854:
2650:
The Royal Navy named one ship and two shore establishments
2053:
1890:
He was equally comfortable distributing his translation of
1876:
1685:
1530:
1515:
1493:
1407:
1196:
1138:, Alfred's grandfather. From then until the arrival of the
1003:
897:
832:
on 22 January. They were defeated again on 22 March at the
8174:
8130:
https://books.google.com/books?id=FMAsAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA78
7205:. Vol. 18. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 16.
5825:
5700:
5522:
5446:
5436:
5434:
5388:
5292:
5181:
4804:
4792:
4525:
4496:
4163:
4097:
3994:
3058:Æthelberht dies and is succeeded by his brother Æthelred.
10178:
9422:
7706:
The Formation of the English Kingdom in the Tenth Century
7560:
The Iconic Page in Manuscript, Print, and Digital Culture
6210:
6208:
5764:
5676:
5585:
5558:
5534:
5268:
5133:
4910:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4768:
4756:
4537:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4460:
3329:
Alfred becomes a grandfather when Ecgwynn gives birth to
1241:
noting the restoration of the Roman walled city by Alfred
1088:, was negotiated later, perhaps in 879 or 880, when King
634:
in 835, and the following year they defeated Ecgberht at
460:
He was the youngest of six children. His eldest brother,
6520:
6291:
The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History
6082:
6080:
5959:
5957:
5808:
5652:
5280:
5234:
5232:
5118:
4744:
4602:
4508:
4432:
4430:
4251:
4141:
4139:
4114:
4112:
4043:
3907:
3089:
Alfred marries Ealhswith in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire.
2657:, and one of the early ships of the U.S. Navy was named
2001:. The translation was undertaken at Alfred's command by
1879:, thus giving the West Saxon kings a biblical ancestry.
1856:
Alfred depicted in a stained-glass window of c. 1905 in
1659:
A coin of Alfred, London, 880 (based upon a Roman model)
978:
In the seventh week after Easter (4–10 May 878), around
7495:
The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
6249:
Lordship and Military Obligation in Anglo-Saxon England
5848:
5846:
5712:
5431:
5376:
5217:
5054:
5014:
4326:
4070:
990:
where he was met by "all the people of Somerset and of
9890:
Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom
7944:
How the Doctrine of Incarnation Shaped Western Culture
7352:"'Alfred the Great' bones exhumed from unmarked grave"
6205:
5870:
5775:
5688:
4840:
4780:
4590:
4457:
4415:
4367:
4314:
4151:
4124:
3960:
3958:
3919:
3895:
3871:
3776:
3710:
3708:
3681:
2334:, he probably was an illegitimate son of King Alfred.
1908:
1327:
shore. Alfred at once hurried westward and raised the
1045:
on the eighth day took place at a royal estate called
775:, which may indicate a position similar to the Celtic
10414:
8477:; Kelly, Rosemary; Dawson, Ian; Mason, James (1996).
8012:
King Alfred's version of the Consolations of Boethius
7259:"Letter to the editor: Alfred the Great: a diagnosis"
6899:"Kingship and Maritime Power in 10th-Century England"
6456:
6077:
5954:
5831:
5664:
5229:
5193:
5002:
4990:
4828:
4682:
4680:
4549:
4427:
4136:
4109:
4064:
3943:
3883:
3849:
3847:
3514:
2600:
attempted unsuccessfully to have Alfred canonised by
2132:
where his wisdom and skill with proverbs is praised.
1808:
along the Baltic Sea to the Prussian trading town of
1663:
In the late 880s or early 890s, Alfred issued a long
9026:
8303:"Alfred the Great: The Most Perfect Man in History?"
6988:
Alfred the Great (Studies in early medieval Britain)
6411:"Bone fragment 'could be King Alfred or son Edward'"
5894:
5843:
5244:
4704:
4692:
4665:
4561:
4403:
4391:
4379:
4302:
4211:
4175:
4031:
3970:
3788:
3693:
1812:. Alfred personally collected details of this trip.
406:, and his wife Osburh. According to his biographer,
8415:(Jubilee in 3 vols ed.). Oxford and Cambridge.
8158:
English historical documents. Volume 1, C. 500–1042
7750:
Rulers and Ruling Families in Early Medieval Europe
7451:. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 1–46.
7209:
5787:
5051:, p. 250 cites "Alfred's Pastoral Care" ch. 28
4716:
4641:
4629:
4361:
4263:
3955:
3859:
3720:
3705:
3531:
3529:
3427:, a consecrated oil, from accidentally rubbing off.
1952:
1029:. He then pursued the Danes to their stronghold at
998:which is on this side of the sea (that is, west of
8482:
8320:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
8083:
7660:The White Horse King: The Life of Alfred the Great
7569:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
6696:. London: British History Online. pp. 116–122
6170:on 27 November 2017 – via Alfred University.
5992:
5858:
4677:
4653:
3844:
3597:
3541:
2817:'s medieval East Gate. The statue was designed by
2556:, and the bones within scattered around the area.
2287:They had five or six children together, including
1934:
1847:
1697:to speculate that Alfred had in mind the legatine
729:
30:"King Alfred" redirects here. For other uses, see
8485:The Young Oxford History of Britain & Ireland
8337:Yorke, Barbara (2004). "Cerdic (fl. 6th cent.)".
8045:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7997:Schepss, G. (1895). "Zu König Alfreds Boethius".
7928:
7468:Studies in the Early History of Shaftesbury Abbey
6903:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
6562:Costambeys, Marios (2004). "Ealhswith (d. 902)".
6092:
5882:
4490:
3732:
10505:
8226:Wormald, Patrick (2006). "Alfred (848/9–899)".
7862:THE SYNAXIS OF ALL SAINTS OF BRITAIN AND IRELAND
7813:Orosius, Paulus; Hampson, Robert Thomas (1855).
7558:. In Bornstein, George; Tinkle, Theresa (eds.).
7117:Hill, David; Rumble, Alexander R., eds. (1996).
7062:Historical Writing in England: c. 500 to c. 1307
6522:"The Post-Mortem Adventures of Alfred The Great"
5166:, "King Alfred the Great and Shaftesbury Abbey".
3526:
3261:, causing Guthrum's conversion to Christianity.
1334:The force under Hastein set out to march up the
472:(860–865) were also much older than Alfred, but
8575:at the official website of the British monarchy
8373:Discenza, Nicole; Szarmach, Paul, eds. (2015).
8265:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England
7643:Malmesbury, William (1904). Giles, J.A. (ed.).
6971:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
6835:Edwards, Heather (2004). "Ecgberht (d. 839)".
6690:Doubleday, Arthur; Page, William, eds. (1903).
6547:"Could these be the bones of Alfred the Great?"
6494:
3838:
3041:Æthelbald dies and is succeeded by his brother
1541:. Saxon and medieval work on Roman foundations.
1331:. The fate of the other place is not recorded.
8175:Winchester Museums Service (4 December 2009).
7912:The political thought of King Alfred the Great
7812:
7237:
6985:
5975:
5151:
4904:
3414:Founder of the English MONARCHY and LIBERTY".
2828:
2776:A statue of Alfred the Great, situated in the
2713:Hybrid ancient and modern statue of Alfred in
1470:
9926:
9012:
8934:
8920:
8728:
7893:'Alfred the Great - The Man Who Made England'
7882:Plummer, Charles (1911). "Alfred the Great".
7677:Miller, Sean (2004). "Æthelred I (d. 871)".
7364:
6689:
6190:, Sculpture Center, Retrieved 3 October 2017.
5748:
5746:
5737:
5646:
5634:
5622:
5610:
5579:
5552:
5476:
5425:
5370:
5322:
5310:
5262:
5211:
5175:
5112:
5098:The charter is Sawyer 1445 and is printed in
5086:
5073:
5036:
4972:
4823:
4584:
4451:
4349:
4296:
4284:
4205:
3988:
3559:
2319:asserts that this shows his lineage from the
2243:
1054:
955:
618:, was driven out shortly afterwards. By 830,
10059:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
8343:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
8232:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
7792:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
7786:Nelson, Janet (2004). "Æthelwulf (d. 858)".
7771:. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate. pp. 293–310.
7683:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6841:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6568:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
6311:
5950:British and Western European Diocese (ROCOR)
4959:
4623:
4229:
2955:sends Alfred and his youngest older brother
2059:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
2044:Book of Exodus. The Old English versions of
1819:princes, owing to the pressure on them from
1435:
1288:in Surrey. They took refuge on an island at
355:invasions. He won a decisive victory in the
8090:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
7830:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
7607:Anglo-Saxon England and the Norman Conquest
7121:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
7023:(2007). "Did King Alfred Write Anything?".
7004:
6668:
6199:
6010:
4947:
4091:
4025:
3937:
2214:
1844:may show Alfred's interest in that island.
1549:Alfred's burhs (of which 22 developed into
1228:
1107:), from there extend in a straight line to
9933:
9919:
9019:
9005:
8927:
8913:
8735:
8721:
8600:
8529:Alfred the Great: the man who made England
8009:
7642:
7562:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
7116:
6820:. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press.
6561:
5743:
5706:
5591:
5405:
5403:
5031:
5029:
4750:
3687:
3359:
3357:
3119:Æthelred dies and is succeeded by Alfred.
1693:have issued a law code, leading historian
1389:
51:
9870:List of English words of Old Norse origin
8286:. Leicester: Leicester University Press.
8155:
7703:
7274:
7238:Hutchison-Hall, John (Ellsworth) (2017).
7135:
6922:
6896:
6879:
6632:
6622:
6423:
6409:
6112:"Visit Winchester: King Alfred the Great"
5876:
5099:
4870:
4502:
4245:
3508:
3257:Alfred defeats Guthrum decisively in the
3084:Æthelred aids Burgred against the Danes.
2628:Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church
2590:Eighteenth century portrait of Alfred by
2526:Many churches were vandalised during the
1701:of 786 that was presented to Offa by the
685:Genealogical Roll of the Kings of England
8413:The Whole Works of King Alfred the Great
8322:. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 27–28.
8187:
8104:
7857:
7662:. New York: Thomas Nelson. p. 220.
7263:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
7218:
7144:
7059:
6796:
6777:
6740:
6708:
6611:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
6432:
6251:. British Museum Press. pp. 58–78.
6086:
5963:
5937:
5286:
5187:
4734:
4421:
4373:
4193:
4157:
4145:
3754:
3591:
3575:
3571:
2868:
2763:
2708:
2680:
2585:
2476:
2218:
2140:
2118:. The first half is based mainly on the
1956:
1851:
1654:
1524:
1509:
1393:
1263:
1232:
959:
733:
674:
558:
8479:"The kingdoms in Britain & Ireland"
8455:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
8340:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
8229:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
8225:
8206:
8192:. London, UK: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
8059:
8037:
7996:
7890:
7881:
7789:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7680:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7623:
7585:
7566:
7549:
7535:(Revised ed.). London: Routledge.
7349:
7324:
7291:
7256:
6939:
6838:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6834:
6815:
6649:
6565:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
6473:The Oxford Companion to British History
6181:"Alfred the Great", Isidore Konti, 1910
5852:
5718:
5694:
5516:
5464:
5440:
5400:
5250:
5060:
5026:
5020:
4984:
4935:
4786:
4635:
4611:
4596:
4531:
4478:
4169:
4130:
4103:
4013:
3976:
3949:
3913:
3889:
3877:
3822:
3726:
3714:
3671:
3651:
3635:
3631:
3615:
3587:
3354:
3269:defeats another Danish invasion in the
3006:becomes the stepmother of Alfred after
2582:Cultural depictions of Alfred the Great
939:
738:A map of the route taken by the Viking
697:to have been sent to Rome where he was
646:, reducing Cornwall to the status of a
450:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
14:
10506:
8742:
8594:Portraits of King Alfred ('The Great')
8190:The Life And Times of Alfred the Great
7977:
7946:. Plymouth, England: Lexington Books.
7825:
7785:
7766:
7744:
7676:
7657:
7653:from the original on 25 February 2013.
7492:
7465:
7446:
7427:
7398:
7019:
6782:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press.
6680:
6469:
6447:
6382:
6369:
6340:
6315:The laws of the earliest English kings
6226:
5837:
5752:
5658:
5528:
5519:, Alfred the Great's Burnt "Boethius".
5413:
5409:
5394:
5382:
5333:
5331:
5298:
5163:
5127:
4882:
4855:
4555:
4436:
4397:
4385:
4118:
3853:
3806:
3770:
3675:
3667:
3619:
2900:Alfred is born in Wantage, Berkshire.
2809:Statue of Alfred the Great, Winchester
2791:, and unveiled on 14 July 1877 by the
1319:and East Anglian Danes were besieging
308:
9940:
9914:
9000:
8908:
8716:
8550:. Studies in early medieval Britain.
8336:
8317:
8313:from the original on 9 February 2016.
8300:
8281:
8259:
8136:
8018:
7941:
7909:
7728:. London: John Russel Smith. p.
7722:
7590:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydel Press.
7530:
7526:from the original on 17 January 2014.
7078:
6861:
6604:
6544:
6336:from the original on 10 October 2016.
6284:
6265:
6246:
6065:from the original on 11 November 2021
5998:
5864:
5828:, Hyde Community Archaeology Project.
5682:
5670:
5567:
5540:
5274:
5238:
5223:
5199:
5139:
5048:
5008:
4996:
4916:
4894:
4834:
4810:
4798:
4774:
4762:
4710:
4698:
4671:
4647:
4567:
4543:
4519:
4409:
4332:
4320:
4308:
4269:
4257:
4217:
4181:
4076:
4052:
4037:
3964:
3925:
3901:
3865:
3826:
3810:
3794:
3782:
3758:
3750:
3738:
3699:
3663:
3647:
3603:
3547:
3535:
3520:
2501:Alfred was temporarily buried at the
2498:seems to have had a similar illness.
2295:who became lady of the Mercians; and
1103:, follow the Lea to its source (near
10443:
10315:Interrogationes Sigewulfi in Genesim
8983:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
8589:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
8179:. Winchester Council. Archived from
8123:
8081:
7960:
7858:Phillips, Andrew (7 November 2016).
7844:
7626:Fortifications in Wessex c. 800-1066
7604:
7511:
7240:Orthodox Saints of the British Isles
7185:
7166:
7093:
6969:Æthelstan: The First King of England
6963:
6818:St Dunstan:His Life, Times, and Cult
6600:from the original on 1 October 2017.
6230:
6214:
6098:
6033:from the original on 7 December 2016
6027:"Pewsey.uk website: Village History"
5900:
5888:
5793:
5781:
5452:
4738:
4722:
4686:
4659:
1778:
1719:, and the Apostolic Letter from the
9976:On the Resting-Places of the Saints
8023:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
7376:. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
7096:The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great
7089:from the original on 22 March 2016.
6897:Firth, Matthew; Sebo, Erin (2020).
6387:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 113–142.
6144:from the original on 7 October 2016
5328:
3176:Alfred's first son Edward is born.
3137:Burgred pays tribute to the Danes.
2472:
1909:Effect of Danish raids on education
507:, daughter of the Mercian nobleman
24:
8365:
7430:The New Cambridge Medieval History
7413:10.1111/j.1468-0254.1993.tb00013.x
7345:from the original on 28 June 2020.
7014:from the original on 29 June 2011.
6443:from the original on 16 July 2011.
6436:The Burghal Hidage: Alfred's Towns
3150:The Danes invade Mercia and seize
2877:of Mercia, in a manuscript of 1220
2840:
2736:. The sculpture was thought to be
2291:who succeeded his father as king;
2272:, daughter of a Mercian nobleman,
2033:and the first fifty psalms of the
844:
828:. The Saxons were defeated at the
787:
426:, and by other historians such as
25:
10590:
8598:National Portrait Gallery, London
8566:
8119:from the original on 2 July 2017.
7963:"Statue of King Alfred the Great"
7937:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
7853:from the original on 3 July 2015.
7646:Chronicle of the Kings of England
6654:. Quercus Publishing. p. 8.
6652:The Kings & Queens of England
6590:"Alfred 'The Great' (r. 871–899)"
6322:. pp. 52–53, 62–93, 98–101.
6164:"About the Statue of King Alfred"
5755:"The Search for Alfred the Great"
5753:Oliver, Neil (17 February 2019).
4065:Brooks & Graham-Campbell 1986
3490:from the original on 26 June 2020
3181:The Great Heathen Army splits as
2187:was worth the princely sum of 50
1499:
1323:and an unnamed stronghold on the
1308:, joined with Hastein's force at
1076:Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
32:Alfred the Great (disambiguation)
10486:
10469:
10452:
10424:
9150:Wulfhere, Ealdorman of Wiltshire
9140:, Lady of the Mercians (911–918)
9028:Viking activity in Great Britain
8676:Became king of the Anglo-Saxons
8251:
8156:Whitelock, Dorothy, ed. (1996).
8105:Townsend, Ian (3 January 2008).
7886:. Vol. 1. pp. 582–584.
7649:. London: George Bell and Sons.
7609:. Harlow, Essex: Longman Group.
7202:Dictionary of National Biography
6683:The Royal Tombs of Great Britain
6312:Attenborough, F.L., ed. (1922).
6174:
6156:
6130:
6104:
6045:
6019:
5981:
5943:
5906:
5506:. Vol. vi. British Library.
5496:
5482:
5105:
5092:
5079:
5066:
5042:
4965:
4888:
4816:
4728:
3456:
3439:
2615:him as a Christian hero, with a
2530:, including Hyde. The Abbey was
1997:, a book greatly popular in the
1965:, showing the socket at its base
1953:Advocacy of education in English
1688:, king of the Mercians, or King
243:Æthelgifu, Abbess of Shaftesbury
8375:A Companion to Alfred the Great
8284:Wessex in the early Middle Ages
8107:"Statue damage quiz man bailed"
7961:Ross, David (11 October 2016).
7512:Keys, David (17 January 2014).
7350:Kennedy, Maev (27 March 2013).
6607:"Alfred the Great: a diagnosis"
6545:Cohen, Tamara (27 March 2013).
6385:A Companion to Alfred the Great
6372:The Classics in the Middle Ages
5826:Winchester Museums Service 2009
5339:"Translation of Alfred's Prose"
4899:
4491:Preston, Wise & Werner 1956
3430:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3384:
3370:
3363:Since 1974 Wantage has been in
2608:" does not mention Alfred. The
1935:Establishment of a court school
1848:Religion, education and culture
1644:
1602:
730:The reigns of Alfred's brothers
691:853, Alfred is reported by the
248:Ælfthryth, Countess of Flanders
233:Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians
213:
9125:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
8512:. Bath, UK: Millstream Books.
8377:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
6799:Handbook of British Chronology
6500:Wales and the Britons 350–1064
3476:
2768:Statue of Alfred the Great in
2377:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
1111:, and from Bedford follow the
839:
705:, who "anointed him as king".
527:, Alfred's successor as king;
521:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
170:26 October 899 (aged about 50)
13:
1:
9850:"Battle of Brunanburh" (poem)
9829:
9795:
9344:
9247:
9128:
8693:
8667:
8546:Reuter, Timothy, ed. (2003).
8452:The Oxford History of English
7849:. Cambridge Digital Library.
7257:Jackson, F I (January 1992).
7136:Hollister, C. Warren (1962).
6990:. Ashgate. pp. 281–289.
6355:10.1515/angl.1970.1970.88.433
5035:"Alfred" Intro, 49.7, trans.
4971:"Alfred" Intro. 49.9, trans.
4234:Treaty of Alfred and Gunthrum
3470:
3321:
3304:
3291:
3278:
3240:
3227:
3206:
3190:
3159:
3142:
3129:
3111:
3094:
3076:
3050:
3033:
3020:
2994:
2973:
2943:
2922:
2905:
2892:
2864:
2802:
2436:
2387:
2369:
2357:
2301:Baldwin II, Count of Flanders
2227:Asser wrote of Alfred in his
2071:suggest this also for Bald's
1985:, which seems to have been a
1758:Asser represents Alfred as a
1419:
554:
314:
178:
122:
92:
62:
10534:9th-century English monarchs
10099:The Prose Solomon and Saturn
9826:Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum
8357:UK public library membership
8246:UK public library membership
8141:. London: English Heritage.
8124:Wall, James Charles (1900).
8086:The Medieval English Borough
7806:UK public library membership
7697:UK public library membership
6855:UK public library membership
6755:10.1515/angl.1986.1986.104.1
6582:UK public library membership
6526:The Church Monuments Society
5810:The Church Monuments Society
3761:, pp. 142–143, 148–149.
3252:and begin guerilla warfare.
3248:Alfred is forced to flee to
2704:
2505:in Winchester with his wife
2050:Histories against the Pagans
1572:A document now known as the
1162:Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum
1068:Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum
670:
36:King Alfred (disambiguation)
7:
8422:Canadian Journal of History
8160:(2nd ed.). Routledge.
7933:; Werner, Herman O (1956).
7708:. Oxford University Press.
7223:. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
7150:Why Alfred Burned the Cakes
6670:"The Top 100 Great Britons"
5767:Documentary. Archived from
2829:Alfred University, New York
2486:thought that he had either
2307:, daughter of Oslac of the
2263:
2129:The Owl and the Nightingale
1529:The walled defence round a
1471:Administration and taxation
1126:(henceforward known as the
1078:(Manuscript 383), and in a
414:, in the district known as
394:House of Wessex family tree
10:
10595:
8411:Giles, J. A., ed. (1858).
8207:Wormald, Patrick (2001) .
8188:Woodruff, Douglas (1993).
8065:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
8014:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
7704:Molyneaux, George (2015).
7552:"Alfred the Great's Burnt
7550:Kiernan, Kevin S. (1998).
7533:The Earliest English Kings
7219:Huscroft, Richard (2019).
7169:Britain's Medieval Castles
7140:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
7060:Gransden, Antonia (1996).
6624:10.1177/014107689108400518
6433:Bradshaw, Anthony (1999).
6320:Cambridge University Press
6247:Abels, Richard P. (1988).
6239:
5152:Orosius & Hampson 1855
4905:Gifford & Gifford 2003
3299:Æthelswith dies in Pavia.
2847:Cuyahoga County Courthouse
2823:Singer & Sons of Frome
2806:
2759:
2756:to fit the lower portion.
2722:statue of Alfred the Great
2671:
2668:following a UK-wide vote.
2579:
2315:of England. Asser, in his
1949:'s in southwestern Wales.
1715:, a few chapters from the
1648:
1561:and palisades, such as at
1503:
1149:
956:Counter-attack and victory
683:in the early 14th-century
391:
29:
10574:Translators of philosophy
10376:
10342:
10324:
10268:
10226:
10177:
10130:
10088:
10041:
9992:
9955:
9948:
9842:
9812:
9757:
9729:
9722:
9692:
9668:
9621:
9615:Second invasion: 980–1012
9614:
9537:
9415:
9368:
9361:
9297:
9270:Ecgberht I of Northumbria
9170:
9163:
9117:
9041:
9034:
8953:
8940:
8935:Kings of the Anglo-Saxons
8763:
8750:
8701:
8686:
8681:
8659:
8643:
8635:
8630:
8610:
8267:. London, UK: Routledge.
8019:Smyth, Alfred P. (1995).
8010:Sedgefield, W.J. (1900).
7982:. Papermac. p. 288.
7658:Merkle, Benjamin (2009).
7571:. London, UK: Blackwell.
7470:. Dorset County Council.
7192:"Ethelbald (d.860)"
7171:. Westport, CT: Praeger.
7152:. London: Profile Books.
7007:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
6945:English Historical Review
6868:English Historical Review
6726:10.1017/s026367510000301x
6448:Brooks, Nicholas (1984).
6393:10.1163/9789004283763_006
6374:. Binghamtion, New York:
5738:Doubleday & Page 1903
5647:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5635:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5623:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5611:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5580:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5553:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5492:, Oxford Bodleian Library
5477:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5426:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5371:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5323:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5311:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5263:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5212:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5176:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5113:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5087:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5074:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
5037:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
4973:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
4824:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
4737:, which is referenced in
4585:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
4452:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
4350:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
4297:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
4285:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
4206:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
3989:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
3560:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
3239:
3158:
3110:
3075:
3049:
2993:
2959:on a pilgrimage to Rome.
2942:
2685:1913 statue of Alfred in
2676:
2575:
2244:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
2096:Consolation of Philosophy
2020:Consolation of Philosophy
1924:Christ Church, Canterbury
1800:undertook a journey from
1055:Keynes & Lapidge 1983
387:
283:
278:Æthelwulf, King of Wessex
273:
261:
223:
198:
174:
166:
146:
142:
132:
118:
111:
101:
87:
80:
50:
45:
10277:Handbook for a Confessor
9144:Odda, Ealdorman of Devon
9063:of East Anglia (855–869)
8689:King of the Anglo-Saxons
8527:Pollard, Justin (2006).
7942:Ranft, Patricia (2012).
7891:Pollard, Justin (2006).
7310:10.1484/J.PERIT.5.112197
6957:10.1093/ehr/C.CCCXCV.247
6778:Dumville, David (1992).
5313:, pp. 35–36, 90–91.
4454:, pp. 115–116, 286.
4362:Henry of Huntingdon 1969
3347:
3201:invades Alfred's realm.
3185:retires to Northumbria.
2938:, the king of Mercians.
2913:Alfred's oldest brother
2215:Appearance and character
1738:When one turns from the
1627:Greek and Roman warships
1254:archbishop of Canterbury
1229:King of the Anglo-Saxons
1160:With the signing of the
587:. This made Ecgberht an
326:King of the Anglo-Saxons
113:King of the Anglo-Saxons
10544:Boat and ship designers
10539:9th-century translators
9965:Old English Martyrology
9478:Sea Battle near Swanage
9388:Battle of Hingston Down
8662:King of the West Saxons
8510:Alfred the Good Soldier
8491:Oxford University Press
8301:Yorke, Barbara (1999).
8282:Yorke, Barbara (1995).
8067:. London, UK: Phoenix.
7895:. London: John Murray.
7884:Encylcopedia Britannica
7826:Parker, Joanne (2007).
7221:Making England 796–1042
6924:10.1111/1095-9270.12421
6862:Firth, Matthew (2024).
6504:Oxford University Press
6478:Oxford University Press
6285:Abels, Richard (2002).
6266:Abels, Richard (1998).
6200:Giles & Ingram 1996
5625:, pp. 77, 240–241.
4948:Giles & Ingram 1996
4092:Giles & Ingram 1996
4026:Giles & Ingram 1996
3938:Giles & Ingram 1996
3562:, pp. 13, 67, 101.
2873:Alfred's sister, Queen
2268:In 868, Alfred married
2205:Carolingian Renaissance
2195:of Gregory the Great's
2077:Old English Martyrology
1788:. He corresponded with
1772:The Life of King Alfred
1488:
1390:Military reorganisation
1273:, and the lesser under
1199:, an allied kingdom in
1145:
644:Battle of Hingston Down
503:In 868, Alfred married
322:King of the West Saxons
303:
82:King of the West Saxons
10569:Translators from Latin
10529:9th-century Christians
9416:First invasion 865–896
8489:. Walton St., Oxford:
8211:. Wiley. p. 528.
8137:Welch, Martin (1992).
7980:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
7845:Paul, Suzanne (2015).
7752:. Aldershot: Ashgate.
7723:Nares, Robert (1859).
7624:Lavelle, Ryan (2003).
7586:Lavelle, Ryan (2010).
7167:Hull, Lise E. (2006).
6681:Dodson, Aidan (2004).
6574:10.1093/ref:odnb/39226
6496:Charles-Edwards, T. M.
6186:3 October 2017 at the
4751:Hill & Rumble 1996
3666:, pp. 45–50, 55;
3650:, pp. 26, 45–46;
2878:
2773:
2717:
2690:
2604:in 1441. The current "
2594:
2550:
2482:
2447:Married and had issue
2323:of the Isle of Wight.
2303:. Alfred's mother was
2249:
2224:
2154:
2135:The Proverbs of Alfred
1966:
1860:
1794:patriarch of Jerusalem
1660:
1542:
1522:
1441:
1399:
1242:
1124:Kingdom of East Anglia
1060:
975:
759:
687:
661:and, according to the
567:Alfred's grandfather,
564:
320:– 26 October 899) was
10559:Patrons of literature
10308:Old English Hexateuch
10260:Old English Herbarium
10066:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
9369:Viking raids: 793–850
9288:Eohric of East Anglia
9282:Ceolwulf II of Mercia
9069:(978–1013, 1014–1016)
8508:Peddie, John (1989).
8349:10.1093/ref:odnb/5003
8021:King Alfred the Great
7978:Savage, Anne (1988).
7910:Pratt, David (2007).
7868:Orthodox Christianity
7798:10.1093/ref:odnb/8921
7689:10.1093/ref:odnb/8913
7531:Kirby, D. H. (2000).
7401:Early Medieval Europe
7098:. Westholme. p.
7064:. London: Routledge.
6847:10.1093/ref:odnb/8581
6672:. BBC. Archived from
6650:Crofton, Ian (2006).
6605:Craig, G (May 1991).
6470:Cannon, John (1997).
6459:Graham-Campbell, J.A.
6376:Binghamton University
5918:The Church of England
5649:, p. 322, n. 79.
5111:Asser, chap. 106, in
4885:, pp. 86–88, 97.
4871:Firth & Sebo 2020
4822:Asser, translated by
3773:, pp. 28, 39–41.
3447:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
3445:Some versions of the
3379:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
3333:, the son of Edward.
3102:Alfred's first child
2872:
2857:. It was sculpted by
2767:
2726:Trinity Church Square
2712:
2684:
2589:
2545:
2543:recounted this event:
2516:William the Conqueror
2480:
2235:
2222:
2144:
1960:
1855:
1768:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1658:
1619:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1553:) ranged from former
1537:of Alfred's capital,
1528:
1513:
1427:
1397:
1264:Viking attacks (890s)
1236:
1174:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1150:Further information:
1132:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1090:Ceolwulf II of Mercia
1082:compilation known as
1041:The unbinding of the
1039:
963:
870:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
796:out of the adjoining
764:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
737:
694:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
678:
664:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
583:, the founder of the
563:Map of Britain in 886
562:
392:Further information:
324:from 871 to 886, and
10554:Medieval legislators
10357:Old English Lapidary
10334:Kentish Royal Legend
10269:Ecclesiastical texts
10052:History of the World
10018:Sermo Lupi ad Anglos
9522:Battle of Fearnhamme
9484:Battle of Chippenham
9448:Battle of Englefield
9067:Æthelred the Unready
8473:; Corbishley, Mike;
8434:10.3138/cjh.37.3.459
8238:10.1093/ref:odnb/183
8128:. E. Stock. p.
8082:Tait, James (1999).
7929:Preston, Richard A;
6685:. London: Duckworth.
6061:. 11 November 2021.
5412:, pp. 433–460;
5085:Asser chap. 106, in
4813:, pp. 287, 304.
4801:, pp. 204, 304.
4546:, pp. 139, 152.
3839:Charles-Edwards 2013
3809:, pp. 120–121;
2821:, cast in bronze by
2666:100 Greatest Britons
2644:Geoffrey of Monmouth
2494:. His grandson King
1977:Apart from the lost
1961:Line drawing of the
1721:Acts of the Apostles
1037:According to Asser,
994:and of that part of
940:Legend of burnt cake
802:Battle of Englefield
614:, and its sub-king,
398:Alfred was a son of
193:, Hampshire, England
10579:West Saxon monarchs
10564:People from Wantage
10431:Anglo-Saxon England
10363:Wonders of the East
10301:Vindicta Salvatoris
10294:Gospel of Nicodemus
10255:Byrhtferth's Manual
10113:The Durham Proverbs
9440:Siege of Nottingham
9394:Battle of Rochester
9055:Ælla of Northumbria
8139:Anglo-Saxon England
8043:Anglo-Saxon England
7973:on 11 October 2016.
7828:'England's Darling'
7817:. Longman. p.
7094:Hill, Paul (2009).
6915:2020IJNAr..49..329F
6881:10.1093/ehr/ceae078
6714:Anglo-Saxon England
6676:on 4 December 2002.
6452:. pp. 172–173.
6428:. pp. 105–124.
5976:Hutchison-Hall 2017
5940:, pp. 190–191.
5771:on 29 October 2021.
5740:, pp. 116–122.
5685:, pp. 303–305.
5582:, pp. 124–145.
5570:, pp. 219–257.
5555:, pp. 203–206.
5543:, pp. 189–191.
5531:, pp. 115–126.
5467:, pp. 149–160.
5397:, pp. 113–142.
5373:, pp. 125–126.
5343:Bucknell University
5301:, pp. 172–173.
5277:, pp. 265–268.
5214:, pp. 101–102.
5142:, pp. 190–192.
5115:, pp. 109–110.
5102:, pp. 544–546.
4987:, pp. 280–281.
4938:, pp. 286–297.
4919:, pp. 305–307.
4897:, pp. 305–307
4873:, pp. 329–331.
4777:, pp. 198–202.
4765:, pp. 204–207.
4534:, pp. 157–169.
4522:, pp. 194–195.
4299:, pp. 250–151.
4260:, pp. 303–304.
4248:, pp. 105–124.
4232:, pp. 98–101,
4196:, pp. 123–124.
4172:, pp. 187–191.
4055:, pp. 140–141.
4016:, pp. 582–584.
3813:, pp. 155–156.
3171:, exiling Burgred.
2598:Henry VI of England
2528:English Reformation
2230:Life of King Alfred
2007:Bishop of Worcester
1222:Henry of Huntingdon
1027:Westbury, Wiltshire
965:King Alfred's Tower
944:Having fled to the
681:Æthelwulf of Wessex
642:and Vikings at the
332:and his first wife
310:[ˈæɫvˌræːd]
10351:Apollonius of Tyre
10106:Adrian and Ritheus
10002:Blickling Homilies
9900:Vale of York Hoard
9860:England runestones
9730:Viking settlements
9528:Battle of Benfleet
9504:Battle of Edington
9424:Great Heathen Army
9311:Halfdan Ragnarsson
9222:(947–948, 952–954)
8744:Monarchs of Wessex
8625:847–849 October 26
8471:Morgan, Kenneth O.
8392:Fry, Fred (2006).
7628:. Oxford: Osprey.
7605:Loyn, H.R (1991).
6465:. pp. 91–110.
6419:. 17 January 2014.
6118:on 17 October 2016
5039:, pp. 164–165
4907:, pp. 281–289
4335:, pp. 190–91.
4106:, p. 157-169.
4079:, pp. 148–50.
4067:, pp. 91–110.
3757:, pp. 17–18;
3753:, pp. 84–85;
3486:. British Museum.
3259:Battle of Edington
3065:Great Heathen Army
3004:Judith of Flanders
2879:
2783:, was sculpted by
2774:
2718:
2691:
2610:Anglican Communion
2595:
2483:
2466:d. 918; had issue
2444:16 October 922(?)
2379:d. 911; had issue
2225:
2155:
2124:Augustine of Hippo
2075:and the anonymous
1967:
1861:
1798:Wulfstan of Hedeby
1690:Æthelberht of Kent
1661:
1543:
1523:
1492:. To maintain the
1484:trimoda necessitas
1479:trinoda necessitas
1416:King Ine of Wessex
1400:
1243:
1201:South East England
1156:Anglo-Saxon London
1140:Great Heathen Army
976:
973:Battle of Edington
920:in the marshes of
916:he made a fort at
810:Halfdan Ragnarsson
808:by Ivar's brother
768:Great Heathen Army
760:
740:Great Heathen Army
712:king of the Franks
688:
600:Battle of Ellendun
585:West Saxon dynasty
565:
357:Battle of Edington
61:of Alfred, struck
10412:
10411:
10372:
10371:
10090:Wisdom literature
10072:Winchcombe Annals
10012:Vercelli Homilies
9942:Old English prose
9908:
9907:
9820:Treaty of Wedmore
9808:
9807:
9718:
9717:
9694:Harald's invasion
9664:
9663:
9610:
9609:
9499:
9498:
9472:Battle of Reading
9460:Battle of Meretun
9454:Battle of Ashdown
9357:
9356:
9341:Thorkell the Tall
9305:Ivar the Boneless
9276:Burgred of Mercia
9238:Olaf Guthfrithson
9159:
9158:
9061:Edmund the Martyr
8994:
8993:
8902:
8901:
8818:
8711:
8710:
8702:Succeeded by
8612:Alfred the Great
8557:978-0-7546-0957-5
8519:978-0-9489-7519-6
8462:978-0-1995-4439-4
8403:978-1-9052-2693-1
8396:. Melrose Books.
8384:978-9-0042-7484-6
8355:(Subscription or
8329:978-0-6311-5565-2
8293:978-0-7185-1856-1
8274:978-0-4151-6639-3
8244:(Subscription or
8218:978-0-6312-2740-3
8199:978-0-2978-3194-5
8167:978-0-2034-3950-0
8074:978-1-8421-2003-3
8052:978-0-1928-0139-5
8039:Stenton, Frank M.
7953:978-0-7391-7432-6
7921:978-0-5218-0350-2
7837:978-0-7190-7356-4
7804:(Subscription or
7778:978-0-7546-0957-5
7715:978-0-1910-2775-8
7695:(Subscription or
7669:978-1-5955-5252-5
7635:978-1-8417-6639-3
7597:978-1-8438-3569-1
7542:978-0-4152-4211-0
7504:978-0-4706-5632-7
7477:978-0-8521-6887-5
7458:978-0-8511-5598-2
7439:978-0-5213-6292-4
7338:978-5-8896-6097-2
7249:978-1-5427-1822-6
7230:978-1-1381-8246-2
7178:978-0-2759-8414-4
7109:978-1-5941-6087-5
6997:978-0-7546-0957-5
6978:978-0-3001-2535-1
6853:(Subscription or
6789:978-0-8511-5308-7
6661:978-1-8472-4628-8
6580:(Subscription or
6513:978-0-1982-1731-2
6402:978-9-0042-8376-3
6378:. pp. 45–78.
6329:978-0-4045-6545-9
6304:978-1-8438-3008-5
6277:978-0-5820-4047-2
6258:978-0-7141-0552-9
5784:, pp. 77–78.
5661:, pp. 60–62.
5428:, pp. 33–34.
5416:, pp. 45–78.
5325:, pp. 92–93.
5226:, pp. 78–79.
5190:, pp. 34–35.
5178:, pp. 28–29.
5130:, pp. 48–50.
4962:, pp. 62–93.
4960:Attenborough 1922
4626:, pp. 52–53.
4624:Attenborough 1922
4614:, pp. 70–73.
4505:, pp. 59–60.
4323:, pp. 20–21.
4230:Attenborough 1922
3991:, pp. 16–17.
3928:, pp. 55–56.
3916:, pp. 54–55.
3904:, pp. 89–94.
3785:, pp. 28–29.
3523:, pp. 27–28.
3345:
3344:
2930:Alfred's sister,
2915:Æthelstan of Kent
2835:William Underhill
2797:Princess of Wales
2623:parish churches.
2621:Church of England
2606:Roman Martyrology
2470:
2469:
1995:Gregory the Great
1892:Gregory the Great
1858:Bristol Cathedral
1779:Foreign relations
1614:Æthelstan of Kent
1436:Attenborough 1922
1286:Battle of Farnham
1258:Hadleigh, Suffolk
1064:Treaty of Wedmore
1000:Southampton Water
982:, Alfred rode to
814:Battle of Ashdown
806:Battle of Reading
798:Kingdom of Mercia
794:Ivar the Boneless
742:which arrived in
365:Scandinavian York
293:
292:
16:(Redirected from
10586:
10514:Alfred the Great
10499:
10491:
10490:
10489:
10482:
10474:
10473:
10472:
10465:
10457:
10456:
10455:
10445:
10439:Alfred the Great
10429:
10428:
10427:
10420:
10227:Scientific texts
10199:Textus Roffensis
10007:Lambeth Homilies
9953:
9952:
9935:
9928:
9921:
9912:
9911:
9895:Silverdale Hoard
9834:
9831:
9800:
9797:
9749:North Sea Empire
9727:
9726:
9637:Battle of Pinhoe
9619:
9618:
9535:
9534:
9510:Battle of London
9490:Battle of Cynwit
9466:Battle of Basing
9420:
9419:
9366:
9365:
9349:
9346:
9252:
9249:
9244:Ragnall ua Ímair
9232:Gofraid ua Ímair
9168:
9167:
9133:
9130:
9094:Edward the Elder
9088:Alfred the Great
9039:
9038:
9021:
9014:
9007:
8998:
8997:
8964:Edward the Elder
8958:Alfred the Great
8929:
8922:
8915:
8906:
8905:
8893:Alfred the Great
8816:
8737:
8730:
8723:
8714:
8713:
8705:Edward the Elder
8698:
8695:
8672:
8669:
8636:Preceded by
8626:
8608:
8607:
8604:
8579:Alfred the Great
8573:Alfred the Great
8561:
8548:Alfred the Great
8542:
8523:
8504:
8488:
8475:Gillingham, John
8466:
8445:
8416:
8407:
8388:
8360:
8352:
8333:
8314:
8297:
8278:
8256:
8255:
8249:
8241:
8222:
8203:
8184:
8183:on 13 July 2010.
8171:
8152:
8133:
8120:
8101:
8089:
8078:
8061:Swanton, Michael
8056:
8034:
8015:
8006:
7993:
7974:
7969:. Archived from
7957:
7938:
7925:
7906:
7887:
7878:
7876:
7874:
7854:
7841:
7822:
7809:
7801:
7782:
7769:Alfred the Great
7763:
7741:
7719:
7700:
7692:
7673:
7654:
7639:
7620:
7601:
7582:
7563:
7546:
7527:
7517:
7508:
7489:
7462:
7443:
7424:
7395:
7370:Lapidge, Michael
7361:
7346:
7321:
7288:
7278:
7253:
7234:
7215:
7206:
7194:
7182:
7163:
7141:
7132:
7113:
7090:
7075:
7056:
7037:10.2307/43632294
7015:
7001:
6982:
6960:
6951:(395): 247–265.
6936:
6926:
6893:
6883:
6858:
6850:
6831:
6812:
6793:
6774:
6737:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6686:
6677:
6665:
6646:
6636:
6626:
6601:
6594:The Royal Family
6585:
6577:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6541:
6539:
6537:
6528:. Archived from
6517:
6491:
6466:
6453:
6444:
6429:
6420:
6406:
6379:
6366:
6337:
6308:
6281:
6262:
6234:
6224:
6218:
6217:, p. 17-18.
6212:
6203:
6197:
6191:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6166:. Archived from
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6114:. Archived from
6108:
6102:
6096:
6090:
6084:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6023:
6017:
6008:
6002:
5996:
5990:
5985:
5979:
5978:, p. 85-88.
5973:
5967:
5961:
5952:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5886:
5880:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5850:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5814:
5806:
5797:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5750:
5741:
5735:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5638:
5632:
5626:
5620:
5614:
5608:
5595:
5589:
5583:
5577:
5571:
5565:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5526:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5504:Cotton MS Otho A
5500:
5494:
5493:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5407:
5398:
5392:
5386:
5385:, pp. 1–23.
5380:
5374:
5368:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5345:. Archived from
5335:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5302:
5296:
5290:
5284:
5278:
5272:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5155:
5149:
5143:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5116:
5109:
5103:
5096:
5090:
5083:
5077:
5070:
5064:
5058:
5052:
5046:
5040:
5033:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4976:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4920:
4914:
4908:
4901:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4859:
4853:
4838:
4832:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4702:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4523:
4517:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4476:
4455:
4449:
4440:
4434:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4273:
4267:
4261:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4237:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3911:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3820:
3814:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3661:
3655:
3645:
3639:
3629:
3623:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3585:
3579:
3569:
3563:
3557:
3551:
3545:
3539:
3533:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3480:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3428:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3388:
3382:
3374:
3368:
3361:
3326:
3323:
3309:
3306:
3296:
3293:
3283:
3280:
3271:Battle of Cynwit
3267:Alfred's subject
3245:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3211:
3208:
3195:
3192:
3164:
3161:
3147:
3144:
3134:
3131:
3116:
3113:
3099:
3096:
3081:
3078:
3055:
3052:
3038:
3035:
3028:Æthelwulf dies.
3025:
3022:
2999:
2996:
2978:
2975:
2964:Alfred's mother
2951:Alfred's father
2948:
2945:
2927:
2924:
2910:
2907:
2897:
2894:
2881:
2880:
2819:Hamo Thornycroft
2787:, a relative of
2592:Samuel Woodforde
2473:Death and burial
2441:
2438:
2392:
2389:
2374:
2371:
2362:
2359:
2337:
2336:
2289:Edward the Elder
2247:
2246:, pp. 74–75
2161:, discovered in
2151:Ashmolean Museum
1987:commonplace book
1744:
1713:Ten Commandments
1491:
1439:
1438:, pp. 52–53
1424:
1421:
1237:A plaque in the
1058:
834:Battle of Merton
830:Battle of Basing
820:, possibly near
679:Alfred's father
525:Edward the Elder
494:Charles the Bald
319:
316:
312:
296:Alfred the Great
238:Edward the Elder
217:
215:
183:
180:
137:Edward the Elder
128:– 26 October 899
127:
124:
97:
94:
75:
74:
67:
64:
55:
46:Alfred the Great
43:
42:
21:
10594:
10593:
10589:
10588:
10587:
10585:
10584:
10583:
10549:House of Wessex
10504:
10503:
10502:
10498:from Wikisource
10492:
10487:
10485:
10475:
10470:
10468:
10458:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10444:sister projects
10441:at Knowledge's
10435:
10425:
10423:
10415:
10413:
10408:
10368:
10338:
10320:
10264:
10222:
10218:Fonthill Letter
10212:Canons of Edgar
10173:
10126:
10084:
10037:
9988:
9970:Lives of Saints
9944:
9939:
9909:
9904:
9838:
9832:
9804:
9798:
9753:
9714:
9709:Stamford Bridge
9688:
9670:Cnut's invasion
9660:
9606:
9583:Second Stamford
9533:
9516:Siege of Exeter
9495:
9426:
9411:
9406:Battle of Aclea
9382:Isle of Sheppey
9353:
9347:
9293:
9262:Sweyn Forkbeard
9250:
9195:Harold Harefoot
9155:
9131:
9113:
9030:
9025:
8995:
8990:
8949:
8945:House of Wessex
8936:
8933:
8903:
8898:
8759:
8755:House of Wessex
8746:
8741:
8707:
8696:
8692:
8670:
8665:
8649:
8641:
8621:
8620:
8617:House of Wessex
8613:
8569:
8564:
8558:
8545:
8539:
8531:. John Murray.
8526:
8520:
8507:
8501:
8463:
8448:
8419:
8410:
8404:
8391:
8385:
8372:
8368:
8366:Further reading
8363:
8354:
8330:
8294:
8275:
8250:
8243:
8219:
8200:
8168:
8149:
8098:
8075:
8053:
8031:
7990:
7954:
7922:
7903:
7872:
7870:
7838:
7803:
7779:
7760:
7716:
7694:
7670:
7636:
7617:
7598:
7579:
7543:
7520:The Independent
7505:
7478:
7459:
7440:
7384:
7339:
7250:
7231:
7197:Stephen, Leslie
7179:
7160:
7146:Horspool, David
7129:
7110:
7072:
6998:
6979:
6852:
6828:
6809:
6790:
6710:Dumville, David
6699:
6697:
6662:
6588:
6579:
6552:
6550:
6535:
6533:
6532:on 4 March 2016
6514:
6488:
6403:
6330:
6305:
6278:
6259:
6242:
6237:
6225:
6221:
6213:
6206:
6198:
6194:
6188:Wayback Machine
6179:
6175:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6147:
6145:
6136:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6097:
6093:
6085:
6078:
6068:
6066:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6036:
6034:
6025:
6024:
6020:
6009:
6005:
5997:
5993:
5986:
5982:
5974:
5970:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5944:
5936:
5932:
5922:
5920:
5912:
5911:
5907:
5899:
5895:
5887:
5883:
5875:
5871:
5863:
5859:
5851:
5844:
5836:
5832:
5824:
5817:
5807:
5800:
5792:
5788:
5780:
5776:
5751:
5744:
5736:
5725:
5717:
5713:
5707:Malmesbury 1904
5705:
5701:
5693:
5689:
5681:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5657:
5653:
5645:
5641:
5633:
5629:
5621:
5617:
5609:
5598:
5592:Sedgefield 1900
5590:
5586:
5578:
5574:
5566:
5559:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5535:
5527:
5523:
5515:
5511:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5475:
5471:
5463:
5459:
5451:
5447:
5439:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5408:
5401:
5393:
5389:
5381:
5377:
5369:
5362:
5352:
5350:
5337:
5336:
5329:
5321:
5317:
5309:
5305:
5297:
5293:
5285:
5281:
5273:
5269:
5261:
5257:
5249:
5245:
5241:, pp. 1–9.
5237:
5230:
5222:
5218:
5210:
5206:
5198:
5194:
5186:
5182:
5174:
5170:
5162:
5158:
5150:
5146:
5138:
5134:
5126:
5119:
5110:
5106:
5097:
5093:
5084:
5080:
5072:"Alfred" 2, in
5071:
5067:
5059:
5055:
5047:
5043:
5034:
5027:
5019:
5015:
5007:
5003:
4995:
4991:
4983:
4979:
4970:
4966:
4958:
4954:
4946:
4942:
4934:
4923:
4915:
4911:
4893:
4889:
4881:
4877:
4869:
4862:
4854:
4841:
4833:
4829:
4821:
4817:
4809:
4805:
4797:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4773:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4733:
4729:
4721:
4717:
4709:
4705:
4697:
4693:
4685:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4654:
4646:
4642:
4634:
4630:
4622:
4618:
4610:
4603:
4595:
4591:
4583:
4574:
4566:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4542:
4538:
4530:
4526:
4518:
4509:
4501:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4477:
4458:
4450:
4443:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4416:
4408:
4404:
4396:
4392:
4384:
4380:
4372:
4368:
4360:
4356:
4348:
4339:
4331:
4327:
4319:
4315:
4307:
4303:
4295:
4291:
4283:
4276:
4268:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4244:
4240:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4212:
4204:
4200:
4192:
4188:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4152:
4144:
4137:
4129:
4125:
4117:
4110:
4102:
4098:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4063:
4059:
4051:
4044:
4036:
4032:
4024:
4020:
4012:
3995:
3987:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3963:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3912:
3908:
3900:
3896:
3888:
3884:
3876:
3872:
3864:
3860:
3852:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3821:
3817:
3805:
3801:
3793:
3789:
3781:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3725:
3721:
3713:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3688:Costambeys 2004
3686:
3682:
3670:, p. 295;
3662:
3658:
3646:
3642:
3630:
3626:
3614:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3586:
3582:
3570:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3546:
3542:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3457:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3371:
3362:
3355:
3350:
3324:
3312:Edward marries
3307:
3294:
3281:
3250:Somerset Levels
3243:
3230:
3209:
3193:
3162:
3145:
3132:
3114:
3097:
3079:
3053:
3036:
3023:
2997:
2976:
2946:
2925:
2908:
2895:
2867:
2843:
2841:Cleveland, Ohio
2831:
2811:
2805:
2762:
2707:
2679:
2674:
2617:Lesser Festival
2584:
2578:
2488:Crohn's disease
2475:
2439:
2390:
2372:
2360:
2266:
2248:
2242:
2217:
2069:Michael Lapidge
1955:
1937:
1928:Nicholas Brooks
1911:
1850:
1781:
1748:the laws of Ine
1742:
1706:George of Ostia
1695:Patrick Wormald
1653:
1647:
1605:
1508:
1502:
1473:
1440:
1434:
1422:
1392:
1329:Siege of Exeter
1298:Buckinghamshire
1271:Appledore, Kent
1266:
1231:
1158:
1148:
1070:, preserved in
1059:
1053:
958:
946:Somerset Levels
942:
926:North Petherton
886:Waterloo Bridge
847:
845:Early struggles
842:
818:Berkshire Downs
790:
788:Viking invasion
756:southern Sweden
732:
673:
659:Battle of Aclea
632:Isle of Sheppey
557:
445:Patrick Wormald
424:Michael Lapidge
396:
390:
317:
257:
219:
211:
207:
194:
184:
181:
151:
125:
95:
91:23 April 871 –
76:
72:
71:
69:
65:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10592:
10582:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10521:
10516:
10501:
10500:
10483:
10481:from Wikiquote
10466:
10437:
10434:
10433:
10410:
10409:
10407:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10380:
10378:
10374:
10373:
10370:
10369:
10367:
10366:
10359:
10354:
10346:
10344:
10340:
10339:
10337:
10336:
10330:
10328:
10322:
10321:
10319:
10318:
10311:
10304:
10297:
10290:
10288:Wessex Gospels
10285:
10283:Hatton Gospels
10280:
10272:
10270:
10266:
10265:
10263:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10245:
10238:
10230:
10228:
10224:
10223:
10221:
10220:
10215:
10208:
10203:
10189:
10183:
10181:
10175:
10174:
10172:
10171:
10164:
10158:
10151:
10144:
10136:
10134:
10128:
10127:
10125:
10124:
10116:
10109:
10102:
10094:
10092:
10086:
10085:
10083:
10082:
10074:
10069:
10062:
10055:
10047:
10045:
10043:Historiography
10039:
10038:
10036:
10035:
10028:
10025:De falsis diis
10021:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9998:
9996:
9990:
9989:
9987:
9986:
9983:Visio Leofrici
9979:
9972:
9967:
9961:
9959:
9950:
9946:
9945:
9938:
9937:
9930:
9923:
9915:
9906:
9905:
9903:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9885:Ragnar Lodbrok
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9855:Cuerdale Hoard
9852:
9846:
9844:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9836:
9823:
9816:
9814:
9810:
9809:
9806:
9805:
9803:
9802:
9789:
9783:
9777:
9771:
9764:
9762:
9760:petty kingdoms
9755:
9754:
9752:
9751:
9746:
9740:
9733:
9731:
9724:
9720:
9719:
9716:
9715:
9713:
9712:
9706:
9699:
9697:
9690:
9689:
9687:
9686:
9681:
9675:
9673:
9666:
9665:
9662:
9661:
9659:
9658:
9652:
9649:St Brice's Day
9646:
9640:
9634:
9627:
9625:
9616:
9612:
9611:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9604:
9598:
9592:
9586:
9580:
9574:
9568:
9562:
9556:
9553:First Stamford
9550:
9543:
9541:
9532:
9531:
9525:
9519:
9513:
9507:
9500:
9497:
9496:
9494:
9493:
9487:
9481:
9475:
9469:
9463:
9457:
9451:
9444:
9443:
9437:
9434:Battle of York
9430:
9428:
9417:
9413:
9412:
9410:
9409:
9403:
9397:
9391:
9385:
9379:
9372:
9370:
9363:
9359:
9358:
9355:
9354:
9352:
9351:
9338:
9332:
9326:
9320:
9314:
9308:
9301:
9299:
9295:
9294:
9292:
9291:
9285:
9279:
9273:
9267:
9266:
9265:
9256:
9255:
9254:
9241:
9235:
9229:
9223:
9217:
9206:
9205:
9204:
9201:Svein Knutsson
9198:
9192:
9186:
9174:
9172:
9165:
9161:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9154:
9153:
9147:
9141:
9135:
9121:
9119:
9115:
9114:
9112:
9111:
9110:
9109:
9103:
9097:
9091:
9085:
9079:
9070:
9064:
9058:
9052:
9049:Offa of Mercia
9045:
9043:
9042:Major monarchs
9036:
9032:
9031:
9024:
9023:
9016:
9009:
9001:
8992:
8991:
8989:
8988:
8980:
8979:
8973:
8966:
8961:
8954:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8947:
8941:
8938:
8937:
8932:
8931:
8924:
8917:
8909:
8900:
8899:
8897:
8896:
8895:(until c. 886)
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8751:
8748:
8747:
8740:
8739:
8732:
8725:
8717:
8709:
8708:
8703:
8700:
8685:
8679:
8678:
8673:
8657:
8656:
8651:
8642:
8637:
8633:
8632:
8631:Regnal titles
8628:
8627:
8614:
8611:
8606:
8605:
8591:
8582:
8581:at BBC History
8576:
8568:
8567:External links
8565:
8563:
8562:
8556:
8543:
8537:
8524:
8518:
8505:
8499:
8467:
8461:
8446:
8428:(3): 459–484.
8417:
8408:
8402:
8389:
8383:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8361:
8334:
8328:
8315:
8298:
8292:
8279:
8273:
8261:Yorke, Barbara
8257:
8223:
8217:
8204:
8198:
8185:
8172:
8166:
8153:
8147:
8134:
8121:
8112:Wantage Herald
8102:
8096:
8079:
8073:
8063:, ed. (2000).
8057:
8051:
8035:
8029:
8016:
8007:
7994:
7988:
7975:
7967:BritainExpress
7958:
7952:
7939:
7931:Wise, Sydney F
7926:
7920:
7907:
7902:978-0719566660
7901:
7888:
7879:
7855:
7842:
7836:
7823:
7810:
7783:
7777:
7764:
7758:
7742:
7726:Contemporaries
7720:
7714:
7701:
7674:
7668:
7655:
7640:
7634:
7621:
7615:
7602:
7596:
7583:
7577:
7564:
7547:
7541:
7528:
7509:
7503:
7490:
7476:
7463:
7457:
7444:
7438:
7425:
7407:(2): 111–131.
7396:
7382:
7362:
7347:
7337:
7322:
7289:
7254:
7248:
7235:
7229:
7216:
7207:
7183:
7177:
7164:
7158:
7142:
7133:
7127:
7114:
7108:
7091:
7076:
7070:
7057:
7017:
7002:
6996:
6983:
6977:
6961:
6941:Fleming, Robin
6937:
6909:(2): 329–340.
6894:
6859:
6832:
6826:
6813:
6807:
6794:
6788:
6775:
6738:
6706:
6687:
6678:
6666:
6660:
6647:
6617:(5): 303–305.
6602:
6586:
6559:
6542:
6518:
6512:
6502:. Oxford, UK:
6492:
6486:
6467:
6457:Brooks, N.P.;
6454:
6445:
6430:
6421:
6407:
6401:
6380:
6367:
6338:
6328:
6309:
6303:
6282:
6276:
6263:
6257:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6219:
6204:
6192:
6173:
6155:
6129:
6103:
6091:
6076:
6044:
6018:
6003:
5991:
5980:
5968:
5953:
5942:
5930:
5914:"The Calendar"
5905:
5903:, p. 231.
5893:
5881:
5877:BBC staff 2014
5869:
5857:
5842:
5830:
5815:
5798:
5786:
5774:
5742:
5723:
5721:, p. 248.
5711:
5709:, p. 145.
5699:
5687:
5675:
5673:, p. 308.
5663:
5651:
5639:
5627:
5615:
5596:
5584:
5572:
5557:
5545:
5533:
5521:
5509:
5495:
5481:
5479:, p. 133.
5469:
5457:
5445:
5443:, p. 584.
5430:
5418:
5399:
5387:
5375:
5360:
5349:on 14 May 2017
5327:
5315:
5303:
5291:
5289:, p. 190.
5279:
5267:
5265:, p. 125.
5255:
5243:
5228:
5216:
5204:
5202:, p. 201.
5192:
5180:
5168:
5156:
5144:
5132:
5117:
5104:
5100:Whitelock 1996
5091:
5078:
5076:, p. 164.
5065:
5063:, p. 427.
5053:
5041:
5025:
5023:, p. 417.
5013:
5011:, p. 248.
5001:
4999:, p. 215.
4989:
4977:
4975:, p. 164.
4964:
4952:
4940:
4921:
4909:
4887:
4875:
4860:
4858:, p. 111.
4839:
4837:, p. 206.
4827:
4815:
4803:
4791:
4779:
4767:
4755:
4743:
4727:
4725:, p. 138.
4715:
4713:, p. 304.
4703:
4701:, p. 127.
4691:
4676:
4674:, p. 203.
4664:
4652:
4640:
4628:
4616:
4601:
4599:, p. 212.
4589:
4572:
4570:, p. 194.
4560:
4558:, p. 398.
4548:
4536:
4524:
4507:
4503:Hollister 1962
4495:
4483:
4481:, p. 583.
4456:
4441:
4439:, p. 220.
4426:
4414:
4412:, p. 106.
4402:
4390:
4378:
4366:
4354:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4311:, p. 171.
4301:
4289:
4274:
4262:
4250:
4246:Blackburn 1998
4238:
4222:
4220:, p. 163.
4210:
4198:
4186:
4184:, p. 160.
4174:
4162:
4150:
4135:
4133:, p. 178.
4123:
4121:, p. 101.
4108:
4096:
4081:
4069:
4057:
4042:
4040:, p. 135.
4030:
4018:
3993:
3981:
3969:
3954:
3952:, pp. 63.
3942:
3930:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3880:, p. 244.
3870:
3858:
3843:
3841:, p. 431.
3831:
3829:, p. 171.
3815:
3799:
3797:, p. 161.
3787:
3775:
3763:
3743:
3731:
3719:
3704:
3702:, p. 121.
3692:
3680:
3656:
3640:
3624:
3608:
3596:
3580:
3578:, p. xii.
3574:, p. 23;
3564:
3552:
3540:
3525:
3513:
3509:Molyneaux 2015
3501:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3455:
3438:
3429:
3416:
3406:
3396:
3383:
3369:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3263:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3246:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3214:Guthrum takes
3212:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2979:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2949:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2866:
2863:
2842:
2839:
2830:
2827:
2807:Main article:
2804:
2801:
2789:Queen Victoria
2785:Count Gleichen
2761:
2758:
2706:
2703:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2602:Pope Eugene IV
2577:
2574:
2566:St Bartholomew
2474:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2396:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2366:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2274:Æthelred Mucel
2265:
2262:
2240:
2216:
2213:
2114:("Blooms") or
2104:Alfredian text
1954:
1951:
1936:
1933:
1910:
1907:
1849:
1846:
1817:southern Welsh
1780:
1777:
1717:Book of Exodus
1649:Main article:
1646:
1643:
1604:
1601:
1575:Burghal Hidage
1520:Burghal Hidage
1506:Burghal Hidage
1501:
1500:Burghal system
1498:
1472:
1469:
1432:
1391:
1388:
1350:, others with
1265:
1262:
1239:City of London
1230:
1227:
1147:
1144:
1117:Watling Street
1085:Quadripartitus
1051:
984:Egbert's Stone
957:
954:
941:
938:
846:
843:
841:
838:
789:
786:
766:describes the
731:
728:
672:
669:
648:client kingdom
556:
553:
539:, who married
519:, who married
509:Æthelred Mucel
492:, daughter of
468:(858–860) and
432:Justin Pollard
428:David Dumville
389:
386:
363:, composed of
291:
290:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
265:
259:
258:
256:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
229:
227:
221:
220:
216: 868)
209:
203:
202:
200:
196:
195:
185:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
148:
144:
143:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
120:
116:
115:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
89:
85:
84:
78:
77:
56:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10591:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10525:
10522:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10511:
10509:
10497:
10496:
10484:
10480:
10479:
10467:
10463:
10462:
10450:
10449:
10446:
10440:
10432:
10422:
10421:
10418:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10381:
10379:
10375:
10365:
10364:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10352:
10348:
10347:
10345:
10341:
10335:
10332:
10331:
10329:
10327:
10323:
10317:
10316:
10312:
10310:
10309:
10305:
10303:
10302:
10298:
10296:
10295:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10278:
10274:
10273:
10271:
10267:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10250:
10249:Leechbook III
10246:
10244:
10243:
10239:
10237:
10236:
10232:
10231:
10229:
10225:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10213:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10201:
10200:
10195:
10194:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10184:
10182:
10180:
10176:
10170:
10169:
10165:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10156:
10152:
10150:
10149:
10145:
10143:
10142:
10138:
10137:
10135:
10133:
10129:
10123:
10122:
10121:Dicts of Cato
10117:
10115:
10114:
10110:
10108:
10107:
10103:
10101:
10100:
10096:
10095:
10093:
10091:
10087:
10081:
10080:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10067:
10063:
10061:
10060:
10056:
10054:
10053:
10049:
10048:
10046:
10044:
10040:
10034:
10033:
10029:
10027:
10026:
10022:
10020:
10019:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9999:
9997:
9995:
9991:
9985:
9984:
9980:
9978:
9977:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9962:
9960:
9958:
9954:
9951:
9947:
9943:
9936:
9931:
9929:
9924:
9922:
9917:
9916:
9913:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9865:Furness Hoard
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9841:
9827:
9824:
9821:
9818:
9817:
9815:
9811:
9793:
9790:
9787:
9784:
9781:
9778:
9775:
9772:
9769:
9766:
9765:
9763:
9761:
9756:
9750:
9747:
9744:
9741:
9738:
9735:
9734:
9732:
9728:
9725:
9721:
9710:
9707:
9704:
9701:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9691:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9667:
9656:
9653:
9650:
9647:
9644:
9641:
9638:
9635:
9632:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9624:
9620:
9617:
9613:
9602:
9599:
9596:
9593:
9590:
9587:
9584:
9581:
9578:
9575:
9572:
9569:
9566:
9563:
9560:
9557:
9554:
9551:
9548:
9545:
9544:
9542:
9540:
9536:
9529:
9526:
9523:
9520:
9517:
9514:
9511:
9508:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9491:
9488:
9485:
9482:
9479:
9476:
9473:
9470:
9467:
9464:
9461:
9458:
9455:
9452:
9449:
9446:
9445:
9441:
9438:
9435:
9432:
9431:
9429:
9425:
9421:
9418:
9414:
9407:
9404:
9401:
9398:
9395:
9392:
9389:
9386:
9383:
9380:
9377:
9374:
9373:
9371:
9367:
9364:
9360:
9342:
9339:
9336:
9333:
9330:
9327:
9324:
9321:
9318:
9315:
9312:
9309:
9306:
9303:
9302:
9300:
9298:Major leaders
9296:
9289:
9286:
9283:
9280:
9277:
9274:
9271:
9268:
9263:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9245:
9242:
9239:
9236:
9233:
9230:
9227:
9226:Amlaíb Cuarán
9224:
9221:
9220:Eric Bloodaxe
9218:
9215:
9212:
9211:
9210:
9207:
9202:
9199:
9196:
9193:
9190:
9187:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9179:
9176:
9175:
9173:
9169:
9166:
9162:
9151:
9148:
9145:
9142:
9139:
9136:
9126:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9118:Major leaders
9116:
9107:
9104:
9101:
9098:
9095:
9092:
9089:
9086:
9083:
9080:
9077:
9074:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9065:
9062:
9059:
9056:
9053:
9050:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9040:
9037:
9033:
9029:
9022:
9017:
9015:
9010:
9008:
9003:
9002:
8999:
8986:
8982:
8981:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:(from c. 886)
8959:
8956:
8955:
8952:
8946:
8943:
8942:
8939:
8930:
8925:
8923:
8918:
8916:
8911:
8910:
8907:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8765:
8762:
8756:
8753:
8752:
8749:
8745:
8738:
8733:
8731:
8726:
8724:
8719:
8718:
8715:
8706:
8691:
8690:
8684:
8680:
8677:
8674:
8664:
8663:
8658:
8655:
8652:
8648:
8647:
8640:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8618:
8609:
8603:
8599:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8586:
8583:
8580:
8577:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8559:
8553:
8549:
8544:
8540:
8538:0-7195-6666-5
8534:
8530:
8525:
8521:
8515:
8511:
8506:
8502:
8500:0-1991-0035-7
8496:
8492:
8487:
8486:
8480:
8476:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8458:
8454:
8453:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8427:
8423:
8418:
8414:
8409:
8405:
8399:
8395:
8390:
8386:
8380:
8376:
8371:
8370:
8358:
8350:
8346:
8342:
8341:
8335:
8331:
8325:
8321:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8307:History Today
8304:
8299:
8295:
8289:
8285:
8280:
8276:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8247:
8239:
8235:
8231:
8230:
8224:
8220:
8214:
8210:
8205:
8201:
8195:
8191:
8186:
8182:
8178:
8173:
8169:
8163:
8159:
8154:
8150:
8148:0-7134-6566-2
8144:
8140:
8135:
8131:
8127:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8099:
8097:0-7190-0339-3
8093:
8088:
8087:
8080:
8076:
8070:
8066:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8048:
8044:
8040:
8036:
8032:
8030:0-1982-2989-5
8026:
8022:
8017:
8013:
8008:
8004:
8001:(in German).
8000:
7995:
7991:
7989:0-3334-8881-4
7985:
7981:
7976:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7959:
7955:
7949:
7945:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7927:
7923:
7917:
7913:
7908:
7904:
7898:
7894:
7889:
7885:
7880:
7869:
7865:
7863:
7856:
7852:
7848:
7843:
7839:
7833:
7829:
7824:
7820:
7816:
7811:
7807:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7790:
7784:
7780:
7774:
7770:
7765:
7761:
7759:0-8607-8802-4
7755:
7751:
7747:
7746:Nelson, Janet
7743:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7721:
7717:
7711:
7707:
7702:
7698:
7690:
7686:
7682:
7681:
7675:
7671:
7665:
7661:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7647:
7641:
7637:
7631:
7627:
7622:
7618:
7616:0-5820-7297-2
7612:
7608:
7603:
7599:
7593:
7589:
7584:
7580:
7578:0-6312-2492-0
7574:
7570:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7555:
7548:
7544:
7538:
7534:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7516:
7510:
7506:
7500:
7496:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7479:
7473:
7469:
7464:
7460:
7454:
7450:
7445:
7441:
7435:
7431:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7383:0-1404-4409-2
7379:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7366:Keynes, Simon
7363:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7344:
7340:
7334:
7330:
7329:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7255:
7251:
7245:
7241:
7236:
7232:
7226:
7222:
7217:
7213:
7208:
7204:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7187:Hunt, William
7184:
7180:
7174:
7170:
7165:
7161:
7159:1-8619-7786-7
7155:
7151:
7147:
7143:
7139:
7134:
7130:
7128:0-7190-3218-0
7124:
7120:
7115:
7111:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7083:
7077:
7073:
7071:0-4151-5124-4
7067:
7063:
7058:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7021:Godden, M. R.
7018:
7013:
7009:
7008:
7003:
6999:
6993:
6989:
6984:
6980:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6874:(596): 1–32.
6873:
6869:
6865:
6860:
6856:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6839:
6833:
6829:
6827:0-8511-5301-1
6823:
6819:
6814:
6810:
6808:0-5215-6350-X
6804:
6800:
6795:
6791:
6785:
6781:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6695:
6694:
6688:
6684:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6657:
6653:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6566:
6560:
6549:. IOL Scitech
6548:
6543:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6487:0-1986-6176-2
6483:
6479:
6475:
6474:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6455:
6451:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6437:
6431:
6427:
6422:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6310:
6306:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6283:
6279:
6273:
6269:
6264:
6260:
6254:
6250:
6245:
6244:
6233:, p. 16.
6232:
6229:, p. 7;
6228:
6223:
6216:
6211:
6209:
6201:
6196:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6177:
6169:
6165:
6159:
6143:
6139:
6133:
6117:
6113:
6107:
6100:
6095:
6088:
6087:Townsend 2008
6083:
6081:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6048:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6015:
6013:
6007:
6000:
5995:
5989:
5984:
5977:
5972:
5965:
5964:Phillips 2016
5960:
5958:
5951:
5946:
5939:
5938:Horspool 2006
5934:
5919:
5915:
5909:
5902:
5897:
5890:
5885:
5878:
5873:
5866:
5861:
5854:
5849:
5847:
5840:, p. 37.
5839:
5834:
5827:
5822:
5820:
5812:
5811:
5805:
5803:
5796:, p. 78.
5795:
5790:
5783:
5778:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5749:
5747:
5739:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5720:
5715:
5708:
5703:
5697:, p. 58.
5696:
5691:
5684:
5679:
5672:
5667:
5660:
5655:
5648:
5643:
5637:, p. 68.
5636:
5631:
5624:
5619:
5613:, p. 75.
5612:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5594:, p. 35.
5593:
5588:
5581:
5576:
5569:
5564:
5562:
5554:
5549:
5542:
5537:
5530:
5525:
5518:
5513:
5505:
5499:
5491:
5490:MS Bodley 180
5485:
5478:
5473:
5466:
5461:
5454:
5449:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5427:
5422:
5415:
5411:
5406:
5404:
5396:
5391:
5384:
5379:
5372:
5367:
5365:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5332:
5324:
5319:
5312:
5307:
5300:
5295:
5288:
5287:Dumville 1992
5283:
5276:
5271:
5264:
5259:
5252:
5247:
5240:
5235:
5233:
5225:
5220:
5213:
5208:
5201:
5196:
5189:
5188:Gransden 1996
5184:
5177:
5172:
5165:
5160:
5154:, p. 16.
5153:
5148:
5141:
5136:
5129:
5124:
5122:
5114:
5108:
5101:
5095:
5089:, p. 109
5088:
5082:
5075:
5069:
5062:
5057:
5050:
5045:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5022:
5017:
5010:
5005:
4998:
4993:
4986:
4981:
4974:
4968:
4961:
4956:
4949:
4944:
4937:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4926:
4918:
4913:
4906:
4902:
4896:
4891:
4884:
4879:
4872:
4867:
4865:
4857:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4836:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4812:
4807:
4800:
4795:
4789:, p. 26.
4788:
4783:
4776:
4771:
4764:
4759:
4752:
4747:
4740:
4736:
4735:Bradshaw 1999
4731:
4724:
4719:
4712:
4707:
4700:
4695:
4689:, p. 18.
4688:
4683:
4681:
4673:
4668:
4662:, p. xx.
4661:
4656:
4650:, p. 95.
4649:
4644:
4637:
4632:
4625:
4620:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4598:
4593:
4587:, p. 14.
4586:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4569:
4564:
4557:
4552:
4545:
4540:
4533:
4528:
4521:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4504:
4499:
4493:, p. 70.
4492:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4453:
4448:
4446:
4438:
4433:
4431:
4424:, p. 89.
4423:
4422:Woodruff 1993
4418:
4411:
4406:
4400:, p. 23.
4399:
4394:
4388:, p. 24.
4387:
4382:
4376:, p. 86.
4375:
4374:Woodruff 1993
4370:
4364:, p. 81.
4363:
4358:
4352:, p. 87.
4351:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4334:
4329:
4322:
4317:
4310:
4305:
4298:
4293:
4287:, p. 86.
4286:
4281:
4279:
4272:, p. 94.
4271:
4266:
4259:
4254:
4247:
4242:
4235:
4231:
4226:
4219:
4214:
4207:
4202:
4195:
4194:Horspool 2006
4190:
4183:
4178:
4171:
4166:
4160:, p. 73.
4159:
4158:Horspool 2006
4154:
4147:
4146:Horspool 2006
4142:
4140:
4132:
4127:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4105:
4100:
4093:
4088:
4086:
4078:
4073:
4066:
4061:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4027:
4022:
4015:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3990:
3985:
3978:
3973:
3967:, p. 55.
3966:
3961:
3959:
3951:
3946:
3939:
3934:
3927:
3922:
3915:
3910:
3903:
3898:
3892:, p. 64.
3891:
3886:
3879:
3874:
3868:, p. 31.
3867:
3862:
3855:
3850:
3848:
3840:
3835:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3772:
3767:
3760:
3756:
3755:Dumville 1979
3752:
3747:
3740:
3735:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3711:
3709:
3701:
3696:
3689:
3684:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3622:, p. 51.
3621:
3617:
3612:
3605:
3600:
3594:, p. 25.
3593:
3592:Dumville 1986
3590:, p. 4;
3589:
3584:
3577:
3576:Huscroft 2019
3573:
3572:Dumville 1996
3568:
3561:
3556:
3550:, p. 26.
3549:
3544:
3537:
3532:
3530:
3522:
3517:
3510:
3505:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3459:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3393:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3341:Alfred dies.
3340:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3238:
3234:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3010:marries her.
3009:
3005:
3001:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2859:Isidore Konti
2856:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2772:, Oxfordshire
2771:
2766:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2683:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2626:In 2007, the
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2481:Alfred's will
2479:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2367:
2364:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2309:Isle of Wight
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2197:Pastoral Care
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:Pastoral Care
2178:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2100:Pastoral Care
2097:
2092:
2090:
2089:Pastoral Care
2085:
2084:Pastoral Care
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2025:St. Augustine
2022:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2011:Pastoral Care
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1915:Pastoral Care
1906:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1897:Pastoral Care
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:Ine of Wessex
1672:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1518:named in the
1517:
1512:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Thames Valley
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1185:Peter's Pence
1182:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1092:was deposed.
1091:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
970:
966:
962:
953:
951:
947:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
905:
903:
899:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
863:
858:
856:
852:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
785:
782:
778:
774:
769:
765:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
736:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:
686:
682:
677:
668:
666:
665:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:Richard Abels
570:
561:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:Isle of Wight
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
451:
446:
442:
441:Richard Abels
438:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
395:
385:
382:
377:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
289:
286:
282:
279:
276:
272:
269:
266:
264:
260:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
228:
226:
222:
206:
201:
197:
192:
188:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
149:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
90:
86:
83:
79:
60:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
10493:
10476:
10464:from Commons
10459:
10438:
10383:
10361:
10349:
10313:
10306:
10299:
10292:
10275:
10247:
10240:
10233:
10210:
10197:
10191:
10166:
10160:
10153:
10146:
10139:
10131:
10120:
10119:Old English
10111:
10104:
10097:
10077:
10076:Old English
10064:
10057:
10050:
10031:
10023:
10016:
9981:
9974:
9969:
9087:
8984:
8968:
8957:
8892:
8812:
8687:
8682:
8675:
8660:
8654:Last holder
8653:
8644:
8622:
8615:
8547:
8528:
8509:
8484:
8451:
8425:
8421:
8412:
8393:
8374:
8338:
8319:
8306:
8283:
8264:
8227:
8208:
8189:
8181:the original
8157:
8138:
8125:
8110:
8085:
8064:
8042:
8020:
8011:
8002:
7998:
7979:
7971:the original
7966:
7943:
7934:
7911:
7892:
7883:
7871:. Retrieved
7867:
7861:
7827:
7814:
7787:
7768:
7749:
7724:
7705:
7678:
7659:
7645:
7625:
7606:
7587:
7568:
7559:
7553:
7532:
7519:
7494:
7467:
7448:
7429:
7404:
7400:
7373:
7357:The Guardian
7355:
7327:
7301:
7297:
7294:Vita Ælfredi
7293:
7266:
7262:
7239:
7220:
7211:
7200:
7168:
7149:
7137:
7118:
7095:
7081:
7061:
7028:
7024:
7006:
6987:
6968:
6948:
6944:
6906:
6902:
6871:
6867:
6836:
6817:
6798:
6779:
6746:
6742:
6717:
6713:
6698:. Retrieved
6692:
6682:
6674:the original
6651:
6614:
6610:
6593:
6563:
6551:. Retrieved
6534:. Retrieved
6530:the original
6525:
6499:
6472:
6462:
6449:
6435:
6425:
6414:
6384:
6371:
6346:
6342:
6314:
6294:
6290:
6267:
6248:
6222:
6195:
6176:
6168:the original
6158:
6146:. Retrieved
6132:
6120:. Retrieved
6116:the original
6106:
6094:
6067:. Retrieved
6056:
6047:
6035:. Retrieved
6021:
6011:
6006:
5994:
5983:
5971:
5945:
5933:
5921:. Retrieved
5917:
5908:
5896:
5884:
5872:
5860:
5853:Kennedy 2013
5833:
5809:
5789:
5777:
5769:the original
5758:
5719:Dunstan 1992
5714:
5702:
5695:Jackson 1992
5690:
5678:
5666:
5654:
5642:
5630:
5618:
5587:
5575:
5548:
5536:
5524:
5517:Kiernan 1998
5512:
5503:
5498:
5489:
5484:
5472:
5465:Schepss 1895
5460:
5455:, MS Ii.2.4.
5448:
5441:Plummer 1911
5421:
5390:
5378:
5351:. Retrieved
5347:the original
5342:
5318:
5306:
5294:
5282:
5270:
5258:
5251:Fleming 1985
5246:
5219:
5207:
5195:
5183:
5171:
5159:
5147:
5135:
5107:
5094:
5081:
5068:
5061:Wormald 2001
5056:
5044:
5021:Wormald 2001
5016:
5004:
4992:
4985:Wormald 2001
4980:
4967:
4955:
4943:
4936:Lavelle 2010
4912:
4898:
4890:
4878:
4830:
4818:
4806:
4794:
4787:Lavelle 2003
4782:
4770:
4758:
4753:, p. 5.
4746:
4741:, p. xx
4730:
4718:
4706:
4694:
4667:
4655:
4643:
4636:Lapidge 2001
4631:
4619:
4612:Lavelle 2010
4597:Lavelle 2010
4592:
4563:
4551:
4539:
4532:Pollard 2006
4527:
4498:
4486:
4479:Plummer 1911
4417:
4405:
4393:
4381:
4369:
4357:
4328:
4316:
4304:
4292:
4265:
4253:
4241:
4225:
4213:
4201:
4189:
4177:
4170:Lavelle 2010
4165:
4153:
4148:, p. 2.
4131:Pollard 2006
4126:
4104:Pollard 2006
4099:
4072:
4060:
4033:
4021:
4014:Plummer 1911
3984:
3979:, p. 8.
3977:Crofton 2006
3972:
3950:Pollard 2006
3945:
3933:
3921:
3914:Pollard 2006
3909:
3897:
3890:Swanton 2000
3885:
3878:Stenton 1971
3873:
3861:
3834:
3823:Edwards 2004
3818:
3802:
3790:
3778:
3766:
3746:
3734:
3727:Edwards 2004
3722:
3715:Wormald 2006
3695:
3683:
3672:Wormald 2006
3659:
3652:Wormald 2006
3643:
3636:Kalmar 2016b
3632:Kalmar 2016a
3627:
3616:Wormald 2006
3611:
3606:, p. 3.
3599:
3588:Swanton 2000
3583:
3567:
3555:
3543:
3516:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3478:
3458:
3446:
3441:
3432:
3419:
3409:
3399:
3386:
3378:
3372:
2844:
2832:
2812:
2781:market place
2775:
2719:
2692:
2660:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2625:
2596:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2546:
2537:
2525:
2500:
2492:haemorrhoids
2484:
2398:Married (1)
2395:17 July 924
2365:12 June 918
2332:Janet Nelson
2325:
2317:Vita Ælfredi
2316:
2299:who married
2286:
2267:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2236:
2228:
2226:
2201:
2196:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2159:Alfred jewel
2156:
2147:Alfred Jewel
2133:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2065:Simon Keynes
2057:
2049:
2039:
2028:
2018:
2010:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:Alfred Jewel
1938:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1870:
1862:
1833:
1814:
1782:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1710:
1703:papal legate
1683:
1664:
1662:
1645:Legal reform
1635:
1631:
1618:
1610:English Navy
1606:
1603:English navy
1585:
1573:
1571:
1548:
1544:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1465:
1461:
1450:
1442:
1428:
1418:, issued in
1401:
1374:wintered at
1368:
1333:
1317:Northumbrian
1314:
1283:
1267:
1251:
1244:
1214:
1193:
1181:Pope Marinus
1178:
1173:
1170:
1159:
1131:
1121:
1097:River Thames
1094:
1083:
1061:
1040:
1036:
1024:
977:
943:
906:
890:
869:
867:
859:
848:
791:
772:
763:
761:
692:
689:
684:
662:
652:
609:
596:Anglo-Saxons
593:
566:
531:, abbess of
502:
498:West Francia
459:
448:
437:Alfred Smyth
420:Simon Keynes
397:
378:
350:
304:
295:
294:
189:(now lost),
40:
10519:840s births
10326:Genealogies
10179:Legal texts
9957:Hagiography
9875:Norse–Gaels
9792:East Anglia
9780:Northumbria
9672:(1015–1016)
9643:First Alton
9623:The Danelaw
9539:The Danelaw
9518:(893, 1001)
9376:Lindisfarne
9264:(1013–1014)
9209:Northumbria
9203:(1030–1035)
9197:(1035–1040)
9191:(1016–1035)
9185:(1035–1042)
9035:Anglo-Saxon
8978:(until 927)
7873:5 September
7031:(1): 1–23.
7025:Medium Ævum
6965:Foot, Sarah
6349:: 433–460.
6270:. Longman.
6227:Keynes 1998
6202:, Year 854.
6069:11 November
6012:BBC Top 100
5838:Dodson 2004
5659:Nelson 1999
5529:Parker 2007
5414:Bately 1990
5410:Bately 1970
5395:Bately 2014
5383:Godden 2007
5299:Brooks 1984
5164:Keynes 1999
5128:Parker 2007
4950:, Year 896.
4883:Savage 1988
4856:Savage 1988
4556:Cannon 1997
4437:Merkle 2009
4398:Keynes 1998
4386:Keynes 1998
4119:Savage 1988
4094:, Year 878.
4028:, Year 868.
3940:, Year 853.
3854:Nelson 2004
3807:Keynes 1993
3771:Keynes 1995
3676:Miller 2004
3668:Nelson 2003
3620:Keynes 2014
3511:, p. .
3394:of Mercia.
3365:Oxfordshire
3167:Danes sack
3069:East Anglia
2754:Coade stone
2734:Roman times
2724:located in
2689:, Wiltshire
2654:King Alfred
2570:Richard III
2511:New Minster
2503:Old Minster
2425:Shaftesbury
2120:Soliloquies
2094:Boethius's
2030:Soliloquies
1999:Middle Ages
1983:Encheiridio
1947:Saint David
1865:Charlemagne
1825:North Welsh
1821:North Wales
1639:Selsey Bill
1580:Wallingford
1555:Roman towns
1446:shield wall
1404:tribal levy
1384:Northumbria
1325:North Devon
1294:River Colne
1218:River Stour
1209:Anglo-Saxon
1166:East Anglia
1072:Old English
1018:and king's
980:Whitsuntide
840:King at war
773:secundarius
703:Pope Leo IV
543:, count of
533:Shaftesbury
300:Old English
182: 1100
102:Predecessor
73:elfre d rex
18:King Alfred
10524:899 deaths
10508:Categories
10478:Quotations
10394:Byrhtferth
9833: 890
9799: 550
9595:Brunanburh
9565:Tettenhall
9547:Buttington
9400:Carhampton
9348: 970
9251: 914
9183:Harthacnut
9152:(855–?877)
9132: 881
8888:Æthelred I
8883:Æthelberht
8843:Æthelheard
8817:(disputed)
8697: 886
8671: 886
8359:required.)
8248:required.)
8005:: 149–160.
7808:required.)
7699:required.)
6857:required.)
6584:required.)
6536:7 February
6476:. Oxford:
5999:Yorke 1999
5865:Cohen 2013
5683:Craig 1991
5671:Abels 1998
5568:Abels 1998
5541:Pratt 2007
5275:Abels 1998
5239:Sweet 1871
5224:Ranft 2012
5200:Yorke 1995
5140:Abels 1998
5049:Abels 1998
5009:Abels 1998
4997:Pratt 2007
4917:Abels 1998
4895:Abels 1998
4835:Abels 1998
4811:Abels 1998
4799:Abels 1988
4775:Abels 1998
4763:Abels 1998
4711:Abels 1998
4699:Welch 1992
4672:Abels 1998
4648:Pratt 2007
4568:Abels 1998
4544:Abels 1998
4520:Abels 1998
4410:Pratt 2007
4333:Abels 1998
4321:Smyth 1995
4309:Abels 1998
4270:Pratt 2007
4258:Smyth 1995
4218:Abels 1998
4182:Nares 1859
4077:Abels 1998
4053:Abels 1998
4038:Abels 1998
3965:Abels 1998
3926:Abels 1998
3902:Abels 1998
3866:Abels 1998
3827:Kirby 2000
3811:Kirby 2000
3795:Kirby 2000
3783:Abels 1998
3759:Yorke 1990
3751:Abels 2002
3739:Yorke 2004
3700:Abels 1998
3664:Abels 1998
3648:Abels 1998
3604:Smyth 1995
3548:Abels 1998
3536:Firth 2024
3521:Yorke 2001
3471:References
3325: 894
3308: 893
3295: 888
3282: 886
3244: 878
3231: 877
3210: 876
3194: 875
3163: 874
3146: 873
3133: 872
3115: 871
3098: 870
3080: 868
3054: 865
3043:Æthelberht
3037: 860
3024: 858
2998: 856
2987:Æthelberht
2977: 855
2947: 854
2932:Æthelswith
2926: 853
2909: 852
2896: 848
2875:Æthelswith
2865:Chronology
2815:Winchester
2803:Winchester
2742:Bath Stone
2633:Middleburg
2580:See also:
2521:Hyde Abbey
2464:Baldwin II
2440: 880
2432:Æthelweard
2423:Abbess of
2406:, (3) 919
2391: 874
2373: 886
2361: 870
2354:Æthelflæd
1873:episcopacy
1728:Mosaic law
1699:capitulary
1592:siegecraft
1559:revetments
1539:Winchester
1535:City Walls
1504:See also:
1423: 694
1380:Bridgnorth
1376:Cwatbridge
1352:Buttington
1344:Buttington
1189:True Cross
1113:River Ouse
1031:Chippenham
967:(1772) in
910:Chippenham
904:in Devon.
720:Æthelberht
640:Cornishmen
636:Carhampton
555:Background
549:Æthelweard
496:, king of
480:, married
478:Æthelswith
470:Æthelberht
402:, king of
342:Æthelberht
318: 849
253:Æthelweard
191:Winchester
187:Hyde Abbey
126: 886
106:Æthelred I
96: 886
66: 875
10235:Leechbook
10187:Law codes
10148:Hierdeboc
10141:Froforboc
10132:Ælfredian
10079:Hexameron
9880:Old Norse
9788:(527–918)
9782:(653–954)
9776:(410–825)
9770:(519–927)
9745:(866–954)
9739:(865–896)
9679:Brentford
9601:Stainmore
9589:Corbridge
9571:Tempsford
9559:The Holme
9337:(892–896)
9331:(874–890)
9325:(865–870)
9319:(865–878)
9313:(865–877)
9307:(865–870)
9290:(917–927)
9284:(874–880)
9278:(852–874)
9272:(867–872)
9240:(939–941)
9234:(921–934)
9228:(941–944)
9216:(883–895)
9178:Knýtlinga
9138:Æthelflæd
9102:(924–939)
9100:Æthelstan
9096:(899–924)
9090:(871–899)
9084:(839–858)
9082:Æthelwulf
9078:(802–839)
9057:(unk–867)
9051:(757–796)
8976:Æthelstan
8878:Æthelbald
8873:Æthelwulf
8863:Beorhtric
8853:Sigeberht
8683:New title
8646:Bretwalda
7738:44953520M
7421:1468-0254
7318:0332-1592
7304:: 79–98.
7269:(1): 58.
7045:0025-8385
6933:1095-9270
6890:1477-4534
6771:162322618
6763:0340-5222
6734:159954001
6700:7 October
6553:3 October
6363:161672815
6297:: 83–97.
6231:Hunt 1889
6215:Hill 2009
6148:6 October
6122:6 October
6099:Ross 2016
6037:6 October
5901:Foot 2011
5889:Keys 2014
5794:Wall 1900
5782:Wall 1900
5453:Paul 2015
4739:Hull 2006
4723:Loyn 1991
4687:Tait 1999
4660:Hull 2006
4208:, Ch. 60.
3484:"Wantage"
3331:Æthelstan
3222:instead.
3106:is born.
3104:Æthelflæd
3067:lands in
3008:Æthelwulf
2983:Æthelbald
2953:Æthelwulf
2861:in 1910.
2851:Cleveland
2730:Southwark
2715:Southwark
2705:Southwark
2613:venerates
2541:Dr Milner
2532:dissolved
2507:Ealhswith
2453:Ælfthryth
2415:Æthelgifu
2297:Ælfthryth
2293:Æthelflæd
2278:Ealdorman
2270:Ealhswith
2168:filigreed
2149:, in the
2116:Anthology
2073:Leechbook
1991:Dialogues
1790:Elias III
1760:Solomonic
1651:Doom book
1588:herepaths
1514:A map of
1489:fierdwite
1457:palisades
1371:River Lea
1362:walls of
1356:Welshpool
1348:River Wye
1302:Middlesex
1292:, on the
1205:Rochester
1152:Londinium
1101:River Lea
1012:ealdormen
1006:of three
996:Hampshire
992:Wiltshire
934:Hampshire
930:Wiltshire
882:Gravesend
865:promise.
855:Æthelwold
851:Æthelhelm
716:Æthelbald
707:Victorian
699:confirmed
671:Childhood
537:Ælfthryth
529:Æthelgifu
517:Æthelflæd
513:ealdorman
505:Ealhswith
466:Æthelbald
462:Æthelstan
416:Berkshire
400:Æthelwulf
338:Æthelbald
330:Æthelwulf
205:Ealhswith
157:Berkshire
133:Successor
10404:Wulfstan
10399:Werferth
10242:Lacnunga
10206:Charters
10193:Geþyncðo
10155:Blostman
9994:Homilies
9813:Treaties
9758:English
9684:Assandun
9655:Ringmere
9427:(865–78)
9323:Hvitserk
9258:England
9171:Monarchs
9108:(946–954
9076:Ecgberht
9072:Wessex:
8970:Ælfweard
8868:Ecgberht
8858:Cynewulf
8833:Cædwalla
8828:Centwine
8808:Seaxburh
8798:Cwichelm
8793:Cynegils
8788:Ceolwulf
8650:871–899
8639:Æthelred
8585:Alfred 8
8442:20690214
8311:Archived
8263:(1990).
8117:Archived
8041:(1971).
7851:Archived
7748:(1999).
7651:Archived
7554:Boethius
7524:Archived
7486:41466697
7392:2893362M
7372:(1983).
7343:Archived
7189:(1889).
7148:(2006).
7087:Archived
7053:43632294
7012:Archived
6967:(2011).
6749:: 1–32.
6720:: 1–33.
6598:Archived
6498:(2013).
6441:Archived
6416:BBC News
6334:Archived
6184:Archived
6142:Archived
6063:Archived
6058:BBC News
6031:Archived
3488:Archived
3169:Tamworth
3002:Preteen
2957:Æthelred
2934:marries
2738:medieval
2699:George V
2462:Married
2368:Married
2311:, Chief
2241:—
2189:mancuses
2163:Somerset
2112:Blostman
2015:Boethius
2003:Wærferth
1942:Grimbald
1842:Modwenna
1671:law code
1551:boroughs
1453:ramparts
1433:—
1412:law code
1310:Shoebury
1306:Benfleet
1296:between
1247:Æthelred
1179:In 883,
1057:, Ch. 56
1052:—
1014:, royal
986:east of
969:Somerset
950:folklore
922:Somerset
918:Athelney
826:Aldworth
724:Æthelred
655:Sandwich
589:ætheling
569:Ecgberht
545:Flanders
474:Æthelred
346:Æthelred
70:Legend:
10377:Authors
10168:Dialogi
9843:Culture
9737:Danelaw
9703:Fulford
9362:Battles
9335:Hastein
9329:Guthrum
9214:Guthred
8985:italics
8848:Cuthred
8823:Æscwine
8803:Cenwalh
8778:Ceawlin
8596:at the
7298:Peritia
7285:1610468
7276:1293470
7199:(ed.).
6911:Bibcode
6643:1819247
6634:1293232
6240:Sources
5923:9 April
5760:YouTube
3494:23 June
3392:Cenwulf
3314:Ecgwynn
3216:Wareham
3199:Guthrum
3183:Halfdan
2936:Burgred
2778:Wantage
2770:Wantage
2760:Wantage
2750:Hadrian
2746:Minerva
2672:Statues
2637:Florida
2554:guineas
2408:Eadgifu
2404:Ælfflæd
2400:Ecgwynn
2384:Edward
2327:Osferth
2305:Osburga
2280:of the
2183:. Each
2046:Orosius
2042:Vulgate
2035:Psalter
1979:Handboc
1806:Jutland
1786:Orosius
1623:Frisian
1563:Burpham
1430:service
1364:Chester
1290:Thorney
1275:Hastein
1128:Danelaw
1109:Bedford
1099:to the
1047:Wedmore
1043:chrisom
988:Selwood
893:Wareham
878:Croydon
822:Compton
816:on the
758:in 865.
748:Denmark
744:England
616:Baldred
577:Ceawlin
541:Baldwin
482:Burgred
447:in his
412:Wantage
381:English
372:bishop
369:Guthrum
361:Danelaw
218:
210:
153:Wantage
150:847–849
57:Silver
10417:Portal
10389:Ælfric
10384:Ælfred
10161:Psalms
10032:Judith
9786:Mercia
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