1082:, the younger Robert, then John, Earl of Carrick, is shown to be an energetic ambitious man and fully engaged in the running of the country, at the centre of Anglo-Scottish diplomacy, and who became the pre-eminent magnate in Scotland and whose political importance south of the Forth would eclipse that of his father's. Boardman describes how in 1384 he callously engineered the council to remove his father from power and to place it in his hands. Many of the problems of Robert III's rule, Boardman argues, stemmed from the death of his brother-in-law and close ally James, Earl of Douglas at Otterburn in 1388, when his deliberately constructed and powerful affinity south of the Forth crumbled. That same year Carrick lost the lieutenancy to his brother Robert Earl of Fife, that was, Boardman suggests, a blow to the future king's standing and one from which he would not fully recover. According to Boardman, when Robert became king in 1390 he was the victim of his father's style of government characterised by Robert II's creation of his sons, sons-in-law, and other major territorial nobles as powerful magnates to whom he delegated extensive authority. As a result, Robert III's brothers refused to act simply as liegemen to the king. Robert III, already weakened by the council when he ascended the throne, was in the end completely subordinated to the magnate power of Albany and Douglas.
1075:
complaints made in the later chronicles of lawlessness and disturbance in the country were mainly confined to the north with the king's brother
Alexander, Lord of Badenoch and Earl of Buchan at its root. The death of John, Lord of the Isles heralded a state of dissension between the lordship and the crown that was to last for two generations and which even Robert III's successor James I was unable to deal with properly. Lynch states that much of the troubles during Robert III's reign derived from the sharp deterioration of the royal revenues. The unruliness of northern Scotland was the result of competing factions within the royal family â Lynch suggests that the weakness in kingship before 1406 "can be exaggerated", citing Buchan's enforced appearance at Robert III's council to answer for his incendiary attack on Elgin and its cathedral, and Albany's obtainment of a submission from the lord of the Isles.
1038:(1967) agrees and writes of the first two Stewart kings "that a famous dynasty, which was to produce so many men of remarkable ability ... made a somewhat pedestrian beginning". He immediately qualifies this statement with "it is true that the sources, both record and narrative, are scanty". He goes further and explains "admittedly, no attempt has yet been made to bring the resources of modern historical research to bear on Robert II and Robert III ... but it is beyond the bounds of probability that even if this is done either of them will emerge as a man who did much positively to shape Scottish history." When Robert III re-established his personal rule in 1393, Donaldson characterises it as a period of anarchy, and of a king who couldn't control his brothers Albany and Buchan, nor his son Rothesay.
628:... considering that there are, and have been now for a considerable time, great and numerous defects in the governing of the kingdom by reason of the king's disposition, both by reason of age and for other reasons, and the infirmity of the lord his firstborn son ... have amicably chosen Sir , earl of Fife, second-born son of the king, and brother german of the same lord the firstborn son, guardian of the kingdom under the king, ... for putting into effect justice and keeping the law internally, and for the defence of the kingdom with the king's force, as set out before, against those attempting to rise up as enemies.
1045:(1974), and describes Robert III as a failure, like his father, because he wasn't dominant. Nicholson's opinion was that in his period as Lieutenant in the 1380s, Robert (John, Earl of Carrick) was incapable of dealing with the breakdown of law and order, citing the number of legal cases. The lameness of Carrick after being kicked by a horse was explained by Nicholson as the excuse needed to have him replaced by his brother Robert, Earl of Fife as the king's lieutenant. Nicholson writes, "nothing much was to be hoped for in the heir apparent", and goes on to blame Robert III for the destruction of
522:
872:
1060:(2000) puts forward that the first two Stewart kings, "had difficulty in asserting themselves, partly because their dynasty was new to kingship and needed to establish itself". Robert III's period of personal rule from 1393 was "disastrous" according to Barrell, and was exemplified by the king's failure to re-take the royal fortress of Dumbarton. Barrell's final assessment of Robert III was of a man crippled in body and incapable or averse to personally confronting Albany but sought to do so through promoting the status of his sons, and even then he failed.
42:
3412:
1071:, explains that the 13th century Scottish kings ruled with the endorsement of practically all the political classes but that none of the 14th century kings, from Robert I to Robert III, did so and retained loyalty by the use of patronage. The benefits of this were outweighed by the disadvantages â alienated lands reduced crown income, endowments had the same effect, the estates granted to nobles and church often in regality led to a loss of royal attendance within these territories and contributed to a diminishment of authority.
860:. Rothesay had also in conjunction with his uncle, Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, confronted Albany's influence in central Scotland. As soon his lieutenancy expired in 1402, Rothesay was arrested and imprisoned in Albany's Falkland Castle where he died in March 1402. Rothesay's death probably lay with Albany and Douglas, who would have looked upon the possibility of the young prince acceding to the throne with great apprehension. They certainly fell under suspicion, but were cleared of all blame by a general council,
1091:
935:
455:. After this, Robert III withdrew to his lands in the west and for a time played little or no part in affairs of state. He was powerless to interfere when a dispute between Albany and Rothesay arose in 1401, leading to Rothesay's imprisonment and death in March 1402. The general council absolved Albany from blame and reappointed him as Lieutenant. The only impediment now remaining to an Albany Stewart monarchy was the king's only surviving son,
1067:(1984) found Robert III to be "probably Scotland's least impressive king". Grant puts this into perspective and writes that it is notable that Robert III's reign could have been worse compared to the turmoil and violence experienced in England and France when ruled by weak kings. Even on Robert's death, Scotland didn't descend into open civil war but was restricted to positioning among the royal family and its magnate groupings. Grant, in
692:
902:. With the king's health failing, it was decided in the winter of 1405â1406 to send the young prince to France out of the reach of Albany. Despite this, the manner of James's flight from Scotland was unplanned. In February 1406, James together with Orkney and Fleming, at the head of a large group of followers left the safety of Bishop Wardlaw's protection in St Andrews and journeyed through the hostile Douglas territories of
820:
856:
daughter of the Earl of
Douglas. March, enraged by this, wrote to Henry IV on 18 February 1400, and by July had entered Henry's service. In 1401, Rothesay took on a more assertive and autonomous attitude, circumventing proper procedures, unjustifiably appropriating sums from the customs of the burghs on the east coast, before provoking further animosity when he confiscated the revenues of the temporalities of the vacant
684:. Yet in the north, Carrick did not bring Buchan under control and many of the Guardian's supporters although pleased at the resumption of hostilities with England were unhappy at the continued northern lawlessness. Carrick had been made Guardian partly on the need to curb Buchan's excesses yet despite this by February 1387 Buchan had become even more powerful and influential when he was appointed
719:, Lord of Galloway, who held an entail on his kinsman's estates, and who ultimately succeeded to the earldom. Fife, with his new powerful Douglas ally, together with those loyal to the king, ensured at the December 1388 council meeting that the guardianship of Scotland would pass from Carrick (who had recently been badly injured from a horse-kick) to Fife.
517:
where the
Drummonds also had interests, while Douglas and March mistrusted David's intentions towards them. These nobles were also unhappy at the king's squandering of funds provided to him for his ransom, and with the prospect that they could be sent to England as guarantors for the ransom payments.
508:
to re-establish
Scottish control over English occupied territory. In 1363, he joined his father along with the earls of Douglas and March in a failed insurrection against Robert's uncle, David II. The reasons for the rebellion were varied. In 1362, David II supported several of his royal favourites
843:
that included Albany, Rothesay, Archibald, Earl of
Douglas, Albany's son Murdoch, justiciar North of the Forth along with the bishops Walter of St Andrews and Gilbert of Aberdeen â the outcome of this meeting manifested itself at the council meeting held in January 1399 when the king was forced to
701:
The war with
England was halted by a series of truces however, on 19 April 1388, English envoys sent to Scotland to again extend the ceasefire returned to Richard's court empty-handed â by 29 April Robert II was conducting a council in Edinburgh to authorise renewed conflict with England. Although
422:
by 1367. In 1368 David created him Earl of
Carrick. His father became king in 1371 after the unexpected death of the childless King David II. In the succeeding years, Carrick was influential in the governance of the kingdom but became progressively more impatient at his father's longevity. In 1384
647:
supporters drew criticism from
Northern nobles and prelates and demonstrated Robert II's inability or reluctance to control his son. The king's failure to take a leading role in prosecuting the war with England and Buchan's abuse of royal power in the north was the backdrop to the general council
565:
by Robert I when female heirs were excluded; David II attempted unsuccessfully on several occasions to have the council change the succession procedure. Robert II quickly moved to ensure the succession of John when the general council attending his coronation officially named
Carrick as heir â in
503:
dated 22 November 1347. Therefore, although their children were legitimate, having been born after the first marriage of their parents, John, his three brothers and six sisters were legitimised by their parents' second Church-sanctioned marriage. Styled Lord of Kyle, John is first recorded in the
1074:
Michael Lynch suggests that the earlier 20th century historians made hasty evaluations of both Robert II and Robert III when they characterised them as "pathetically weak personalities" and their reigns as "nineteen years of senility and sixteen of infirmity". Lynch also makes the point that the
855:
and harried and forayed into
England causing much damage, and taking Wark Castle around 13 October 1399. A far-reaching dispute between Rothesay and George Dunbar, Earl of March, occurred when Rothesay, rather than remarrying Elizabeth Dunbar as previously agreed, decided to marry Mary Douglas,
882:
Following Rothesay's death, and with the restoration of the lieutenancy to Albany and the Scottish defeat at the battle of Humbleton, Robert III experienced almost total exclusion from political authority and was limited to his lands in the west. By late 1404 Robert, with the aid of his close
790:
In 1392, Robert III strengthened the position of his son David, now Earl of Carrick, when he endowed him with a large annuity that allowed the young prince to build up his household and affinity, and then in 1393 regained his right to direct rule when the general council decided that Fife's
642:
Before 1384 persistent objections regarding Robert II's application of the law were brought to the council's attention. Some of these grievances maintained that the King had acted unlawfully by deliberately disregarding charges regarding his personal conduct. Buchan's use of
498:
Robert Stewart and Elizabeth Mure were married in 1336 by traditional marriage, recognized as legally binding but not recognized by the Church. The marriage was criticized for being uncanonical, so they married a second time in 1349, after receiving a papal dispensation from
906:â an act probably designed to demonstrate James's royal endorsement of his custodians, but also a move by his custodians to further their own interests in the traditional Douglas heartlands. Events went seriously wrong for James and he had to escape to the Bass Rock in the
815:
on 28 April 1396. Carrick progressively acted independently of his father taking control of the Stewart lands in the south-west, while maintaining his links with the Drummonds of his mother, and all at a time when Fife's influence in central Scotland remained strong.
722:
There was general approval of Fife's intention to properly resolve the situation of lawlessness in the north and in particular the activities of Buchan his younger brother. Buchan was stripped of his position of justiciar, which would soon be given to Fife's son,
751:
In those days there was no law in Scotland, but the strong oppressed the weak, and the whole kingdom was one den of thieves. Homicides, robberies, fire-raisings, and other misdeeds remained unpunished, and justice seemed banished beyond the kingdom's bounds.
675:
In April 1385, the general council sharply condemned Buchan's behaviour and sat intending to manoeuvre Carrick into firmly intervening in the north. In July, under Carrick's guardianship, a Scottish army that included a French force commanded by Admiral
659:
Within weeks Carrick's actions signalled changes in the direction of crown strategy where the CarrickâDouglas affinity was, by far, the largest group to benefit from crown patronage. On 13 March 1385 it emerged that an unauthorised payment of ÂŁ700 in
746:
In diebus illis non erat lex in Scocia sed quilibet potencior minorem oppressit et totum regnum fuit unum latrocinium. Homicidia depredaciones et incendia et cetera maleficia remanserunt inpunita et justicia utlegata extra regni terminos exulavit.
541:
on 22 June 1368 and the tacit approval of John as the king's probable heir. A Stewart succession was suddenly endangered when David II had his marriage to Margaret annulled in March 1369 leaving the king free to remarry and with the prospect of a
891:, the Earl of Buchan's illegitimate son, who was in dispute with Albany over the earldom of Mar. Robert III again exhibited his new resolve when in December 1404 he created a new regality in the Stewartry for his sole remaining son and heir,
710:
in August 1388, its leader, the Earl of Douglas, was killed. Douglas died childless, triggering a series of claims on his estate â Carrick backed his brother-in-law Malcolm Drummond, the husband of Douglas's sister, while Carrick's brother,
423:
Carrick was appointed the king's lieutenant after swaying the general council to remove Robert II from direct rule. Carrick's administration saw a renewal of the conflict with England. In 1388 the Scots defeated the English at the
791:
lieutenancy should end and that Carrick, now of age, should assist his father. This independence of action was demonstrated in 1395â1396, when he responded to Carrick's unauthorised marriage to Elizabeth Dunbar, daughter of
609:
Robert II's policy of building up Stewart domination in Scotland through the advancement of his sons saw the emergence of Carrick as the pre-eminent Stewart magnate south of the Forth-Clyde line, just as his younger brother
442:
In 1390, Robert II died and Carrick ascended the throne as Robert III but without authority to rule directly. Fife continued as Lieutenant until February 1393 when power was returned to the king jointly with his son
1143:
and the rise of Robert III to the throne. As the elderly king has grown "feeble, weary and half-blind", his sons, daughters and other nobles campaign for power. An ungoverned Scotland is ravaged by their conflicts.
4277:
431:, was killed. By this time Carrick had been badly injured from a horse kick, however, it was the loss of his powerful ally, Douglas, that saw a turnaround in magnate support in favour of his younger brother
774:. The four-month delay in the crowning of Robert III can be seen as a period when Fife and his affinity sought to ensure their future positions, and which also saw Buchan's opportunistic attack on
807:
ally. He further showed his authority when in an attempt to reduce inter-clan feuding and lawlessness, he arranged and oversaw a gladiatorial limited combat between the clans of Kay and Quhele (
4270:
770:
In May 1390 parliament granted John permission to change his regnal name to Robert, probably in part to maintain the link back to Robert I but also to disassociate himself from King
799:, by ensuring its annulment. The king appears to have also taken over the conduct of foreign affairs, preserving the peace with Richard II and managing to increase the power of the
5080:
922:, who delivered James to King Henry IV of England. Robert III had moved to Rothesay Castle where, after hearing of his son's captivity, he died on 4 April 1406, and was buried in
4263:
835:
in April 1398 criticised the king's governance, and empowered his brother Robert and his son David â now respectively the Dukes of Albany and Rothesay â to lead an army against
566:
1373 the Stewart succession was further strengthened when parliament passed entails defining how each of the king's sons could inherit the crown. After the coronation
4389:
459:. After a clash with Albany's Douglas allies in 1406, the 11-year-old James tried to escape to France. The vessel was intercepted and James became the prisoner of
509:
in their titles to lands in the Stewart earldom of Monteith and thwarted Stewart claims to the earldom of Fife. The King's involvement and eventual marriage with
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January, David (now Duke of Rothesay) appointed Lieutenant of Scotland to rule for three years but under supervision of a group led by Fife (now Duke of Albany)
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For an understanding of the designation of baronies and earldoms into regalities and their powers during the reign of Robert III, see Alexander Grant,
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2147:
The date of Robert II's death and the disputed date for Robert II's burial and the reasons for the delay in Robert III's coronation are explained by
537:, the daughter of the queen's deceased brother, Sir John Drummond. David II reinforced the position of John and Annabella by providing them with the
3859:
5066:
1111:. The novel covers events from 1396 to 1402, depicting "Scottish Clan feuds" and other disturbances in Robert III's reign. Robert III himself,
946:, the daughter of Sir John Drummond of Stobhall and Mary Montifex, daughter of Sir William Montifex, in c. 1366/1367. They had seven children:
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727:. In January 1390 Robert II was in the north-east perhaps to strengthen the now changed political outlook in that region. He returned to
5850:
4433:
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3611:
1184:(1977) by Nigel Tranter. Covers events from 1402 to 1411. It depicts the last few years in the reign of Robert III, the captivity of
1970:
For an account of the background to Buchan's activities in the north of Scotland and the context in which he operated see Boardman,
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4393:(Acknowledged in Denmark, England, Flanders, the Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, northern Italy, Ireland, Norway, Poland, and Sweden)
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953:(24 October 1378 â 26 March 1402), who was betrothed to Elizabeth Dunbar but later married Lady Marjory Douglas, the daughter of
914:, and which resulted in Sir David Fleming's death. Their confinement on the rock was to last for over a month before a ship from
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on 27 March 1371 and before this date had given John â now styled Steward of Scotland â the ancestral lands surrounding the
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Grant, Alexander (1992), "The Otterburn War from the Scottish Point of View", in Goodman, Anthony; Tuck, Anthony (eds.),
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22 March, James's ship bound for France was intercepted by the English and the prince began his eighteen-year captivity
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Boardman, Stephen (2007), "The Gaelic World and the Early Stewart Court", in Broun, Dauvit; MacGregor, Martin (eds.),
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MĂŹorun MĂČr nan Gall, "The Great Ill-Will of the Lowlander"? Lowland Perceptions of the Highlands, Medieval and Modern
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During the early months along with his father and others, he was part of an abortive insurrection against David II
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in November 1384, where the decision was taken to sideline the king and provide the ruling powers to Carrick as
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1160:(1977) by Nigel Tranter. Covers events from c. 1390 to 1402. Robert III turns out to be a weak king. His son
360:
Sometime during that winter the King had decided to send his remaining son, James, to France for safe-keeping
887:, Sir David Fleming and Henry Wardlaw, had succeeded in re-establishing himself and intervened in favour of
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Webster, Bruce (1998), "Scotland without a King, 1329â1341", in Grant, Alexander; Stringer, Keith (eds.),
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who had received the Lordship of Fife from David II now resigned the title so that the king's second son,
518:
The friction between the King and the Stewarts looked to have been settled before the end of spring 1367.
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1369:
451:, became Lieutenant under the supervision of a special parliamentary group dominated by Fife, now styled
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penetrated the north of England without any serious gains but provoked a damaging retaliatory attack by
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918:, en route for France, picked them up. On 22 March 1406, the ship was taken by English pirates off
392:
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Penman, Michael (2001), "The House Divided: Bruce vs Balliol, 1290â1371", in Oram, Richard (ed.),
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reported that Robert III described himself as "the worst of kings and the most miserable of men".
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4842:
862:"where, by divine providence and not otherwise, it is discerned that he departed from this life".
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669:
553:) unexpectedly died, presumably to the relief of both John and his father. Robert was crowned at
550:
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4437:(Acknowledged in Aragon, Burgundy, Castile and LeĂłn, Cyprus, France, Naples, Savoy, and Scotland
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Grant, Alexander (2000), "Fourteenth-century Scotland", in Jones, Michael; et al. (eds.),
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985:
847:
The kin of the border earls took advantage of the confusion in England after the deposition of
403:(1368â1390) before ascending the throne at about the age of 53 years. He was the eldest son of
328:
Ruling powers restored to the King with his elder son David undertaking a more influential role
230:
5637:
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rival each other for political power in his court. But the struggle attracts the attention of
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2875:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2809:, The Stewart Dynasty in Scotland Series, Edinburgh: John Donald, an imprint of Birlinn Ltd,
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1140:
1011:
593:, was born to Carrick and Annabella on 24 October 1378. In 1381, Carrick was calling himself
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and was legitimized by the second marriage of his parents and by papal dispensation in 1349.
404:
255:
83:
5389:
5141:
4771:
895:, now Earl of Carrick â an act designed to prevent these lands falling into Albany's hands.
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November, Carrick engineered his appointment as guardian of the kingdom sidelining the King
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839:, and his brothers. In November 1398, an influential group of magnates and prelates met at
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8:
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989:
988:; married 4th Sir William Edmonstone of Culloden and 1st of Duntreath (ancestors of the
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871:
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703:
460:
456:
424:
93:
3411:
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Grant, Alexander (2008), "Franchises North of the Border", in Prestwich, Michael (ed.),
973:, the son of Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas and Joanna de Moravia of Strathearn;
672:, had been struggling to check Carrick's misuse of the Crown finances during 1384â1385.
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14 August, Carrick crowned as Robert III but without power and Fife retains guardianship
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3324:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
3284:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
3063:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2992:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2835:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2777:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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On 22 February 1371, David II (who was preparing to marry the Earl of March's sister,
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The History of the Scottish Parliament: Parliament and Politics In Scotland 1235â1560
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2909:(1st ed.), The Centre for Scottish and Celtic Studies, University of Glasgow,
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along with the Earl of Orkney after his escorts were attacked by James Douglas of
309:
1 December, Carrick lost guardianship to his younger brother Robert, Earl of Fife
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724:
575:
500:
414:
John joined his father and other magnates in a rebellion against his great-uncle
400:
157:
4482:
782:, and possibly also a protest at Fife's reappointment as the king's lieutenant.
447:. At a council in 1399 owing to the king's "sickness of his person", David, now
5828:
5770:
5657:
5614:
5568:
5353:
4996:
4541:
4368:
4059:
3661:
3651:
3646:
3496:
3068:
2997:
2880:
2840:
1307:
1201:
Some of the most powerful Scots of Robert III's time were his close relatives:
1010:
John Stewart of Ardgowan and Blackhall, (1364â1412) who was an ancestor to the
907:
707:
677:
649:
558:
543:
484:
480:
452:
408:
396:
265:
3394:
3329:
3289:
3053:
2982:
2865:
2825:
2782:
2767:
1188:
at the hands of Henry IV and the events back in Scotland. Concluding with the
685:
634:â Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, 1 December 1388, Edinburgh.
5996:
5984:
Did not hold the rank of earl/mormaer, but ruled the province as a petty-king
4551:
3694:
3684:
3314:
3274:
2914:
1136:
923:
876:
796:
173:
984:; betrothed to Sir William Cunningham; married 3rd to Sir William Graham of
803:
Earl of Angus in the southeast of the country as a counterbalance to Fife's
597:
sustained by his connections to border magnates such as his brother-in-law,
5929:
5795:
5552:
4934:
4611:
4414:
2148:
1108:
1050:
1027:
903:
808:
771:
619:
436:
161:
46:
5147:
4711:
3024:
Calendar of Papal Letters to Scotland of Clement VII of Avignon, 1378â1394
5800:
5785:
5370:
4691:
4631:
4596:
800:
554:
4671:
2323:
Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707, 14 May 1402, Edinburgh.
2117:
1984:
735:
in March where he died on 19 April and was buried at Scone on 25 April.
5775:
5765:
5755:
5342:
5204:
4741:
4696:
4641:
4626:
4621:
4566:
1169:
848:
681:
70:
418:
early in 1363 but submitted to him soon afterwards. He was married to
352:
25â27 March, Rothesay dies in custody but parliament exonerates Albany
5790:
5760:
5347:
5322:
4736:
4731:
4661:
4651:
4616:
4576:
4556:
665:
463:. Robert III died shortly after learning of his heir's imprisonment.
371:
4 April, the ailing King Robert died after learning of his son's fate
5448:
4822:
664:, a huge amount, had been taken by the guardian from the customs of
439:, to whom the council transferred the lieutenancy in December 1388.
49:
of 1390 bearing a crowned facing effigy of Robert III on the obverse
5780:
5721:
5327:
5152:
4716:
4681:
4676:
4636:
4591:
4571:
4561:
4536:
3596:
899:
898:
By 28 October 1405, Robert III had returned to Dundonald Castle in
732:
691:
562:
2904:
1139:. Covers events from c. 1388 to 1390. Depicting the last years of
819:
5698:
5604:
4986:
4746:
4606:
4581:
4531:
1098:
Robert III has been depicted in historical novels. They include:
661:
644:
240:
5490:
5438:
5162:
5157:
4862:
4812:
1046:
915:
827:
The king was increasingly blamed for his failure to pacify the
2070:
2068:
2066:
980:; married 2nd Sir James Kennedy the Younger and gave birth to
601:, son of William, Earl of Douglas, whom he succeeded in 1384.
5410:
4786:
4726:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
828:
2807:
The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III, 1371â1406
1835:
1833:
5194:
2063:
5088:
1885:
823:
Falkland Palace built close to the site of Falkland Castle
1830:
844:
surrender power to Rothesay for a period of three years.
3256:
3044:
Scottish Kings: A Revised Chronology of Scottish History
2930:, vol. 3 (2004 ed.), The Minerva Group, Inc.,
2324:
635:
513:
may also have represented a threat in the Steward's own
504:
1350s as the commander of a campaign in the Lordship of
969:
Margaret Stewart (died between 1450 and 1456), married
3165:
Liberties and Identities in the Medieval British Isles
2367:
Liberties and Identities in the Medieval British Isles
1006:
He also had at least two older illegitimate children:
4463:
1394–1417 (deposed in 1409 and 1417; died 1424)
4285:
938:
Robert III and Annabella Drummond (1562 illustration)
3254:
2927:
Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama
3221:
The Wars of Edward III: Sources and Interpretations
2052:
2050:
1953:
1951:
831:in the west and north. The general council held in
578:â Dunbar was compensated with the provision of the
3313:
3273:
3239:Border Fury: England and Scotland at War 1296â1568
3052:
3021:
2981:
2864:
2824:
2766:
963:(December 1394 â 21 February 1437), King of Scots;
604:
4512:
561:. How the succession was to take place was first
533:to John, who by this time was already married to
5994:
5858:
3354:Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community
3315:"Balliol, Edward (b. in or after 1281, d. 1364)"
3205:, Stroud, Gloustershire: Tempus Publishing Ltd,
3129:The New Cambridge Medieval History: C. 1300-1415
2202:
2200:
2128:
2047:
1948:
3184:A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales
1053:, despite the lieutenancy of Fife at the time.
3258:Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
1041:Ranald Nicholson agrees with Donaldson in his
471:John Stewart was born around the year 1337 to
5844:
5074:
4498:
4271:
3612:
3054:"Murray, Sir Andrew, of Bothwell (1298â1338)"
2652:"King Robert III â National Portrait Gallery"
2197:
491:, were the children of the first Bruce king,
344:Probably late in the year, arrested by Albany
318:19 April, Robert II died at Dundonald Castle
4366:
4121:Charles James, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay
3372:Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy
1002:, son of Sir James Douglas and Agnes Dunbar.
391:from 1390 to his death in 1406. He was also
5641:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the
4130:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
3093:War and Border Societies in the Middle Ages
2948:, vol. 1, Edinburgh University Press,
2943:
702:the Scots army defeated the English at the
293:27 March, Robert II crowned at Scone Abbey
5851:
5837:
5818:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.
5081:
5067:
4505:
4491:
4278:
4264:
3619:
3605:
3410:
3131:, Woodbridge: Cambridge University Press,
2365:, pp. 193â199 in Michael Prestwick (Ed.),
2099:
2097:
1127:stands out among the secondary characters;
1094:An early 17th century imagining of Robert.
926:, which had been founded by the Stewarts.
40:
3356:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
2667:
2665:
785:
529:On 31 May 1367, the Steward resigned the
395:from 1371 to 1390 and held the titles of
3922:Annabella, Countess of Geneva and Huntly
2944:Brown, Keith M.; Tanner, Roland (2008),
2902:
2862:
2822:
2804:
2764:
2166:A Revised Chronology of Scottish History
2118:"Records of the Parliaments of Scotland"
1985:"Records of the Parliaments of Scotland"
1089:
933:
870:
818:
690:
520:
3757:, first monarch of the House of Stewart
3351:
3321:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3311:
3281:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3271:
3158:, vol. I, Edinburgh: David Douglas
3060:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2989:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2872:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2832:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2774:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2746:
2094:
1085:
866:
201: 1367; died 1401)
14:
5995:
4307:(House of Plantaginet) 1377–1399
4225:Charles Edward "Bonnie Prince Charlie"
3753:The generations indicate descent from
3236:
3218:
3200:
3050:
3041:
2920:
2662:
971:Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas
955:Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas
5832:
5062:
4486:
4327:(House of Lancaster) 1413–1422
4259:
4204:James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales
4060:James VI of Scotland and I of England
3600:
3180:
3162:
3144:
3126:
3108:
3090:
3019:
2979:
2961:
2674:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1492:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1417:
1415:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1272:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
215:
4317:(House of Lancaster) 1399–1413
3626:
3369:
3153:
957:and Joanna de Moravia of Strathearn;
759:Chartularium Episcopatus Moraviensis
155:4 April 1406 (aged 68–69)
3404:Portraits of Robert III of Scotland
929:
24:
3203:The Kings & Queens of Scotland
3113:, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd,
2765:Boardman, S. I. (September 2004).
2299:The New Cambridge Medieval History
1930:The New Cambridge Medieval History
1069:The New Cambridge Medieval History
27:King of Scotland from 1390 to 1406
25:
6059:
4286:Contemporary rulers of Robert III
4096:Robert, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne
3408:National Portrait Gallery, London
3388:
3167:, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press,
3154:Paul, James Balfour, ed. (1904),
1475:Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan
1176:, leading to English involvement;
1150:Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan
1021:
982:Gilbert Kennedy, 1st Lord Kennedy
978:George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus
778:, settling an old score with the
4076:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
1000:James Douglas, 1st Lord Dalkeith
668:. It transpired that Fife, also
5118:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603
3897:Eleanor, Archduchess of Austria
3826:Elizabeth, Countess of Crawford
3397:at the official website of the
3147:Registrum Episcapus Moraviensis
2964:The Wars of Scotland, 1214â1371
2719:
2701:
2683:
2644:
2631:
2618:
2605:
2592:
2579:
2566:
2553:
2540:
2527:
2514:
2501:
2496:Scotland: The Later Middle Ages
2488:
2475:
2462:
2449:
2436:
2423:
2410:
2397:
2384:
2371:
2355:
2342:
2329:
2317:
2304:
2291:
2286:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
2278:
2265:
2252:
2239:
2226:
2213:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2141:
2110:
2081:
2034:
2021:
2008:
1995:
1977:
1964:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1872:
1859:
1846:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1765:
1752:
1739:
1726:
1669:Scotland: The later middle Ages
1643:Scotland: The later middle Ages
1630:Scotland: The later middle Ages
1552:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
1162:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
1113:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
1043:Scotland: The Later Middle Ages
995:Egidia Stewart, died unmarried;
951:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
605:Guardianship â and its collapse
525:Blason of John, Earl of Carrick
383:(c. 1337 â 4 April 1406), born
226:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
198:
122:David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay
6048:Lord high stewards of Scotland
6043:15th-century Scottish monarchs
6038:14th-century Scottish monarchs
5115:Monarchs of England until 1603
3583:November 1384 â December 1388
2966:, Edinburgh University Press,
2751:, Cambridge University Press,
2747:Barrell, Andrew D. M. (2000),
2561:New Cambridge Medieval History
2363:Franchises North of the Border
2247:New Cambridge Medieval History
2234:Kings & Queens of Scotland
2153:History of Scottish Parliament
1713:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1598:Scottish monarchs' family tree
1573:Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar
1468:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
1196:
1166:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
1146:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
1117:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
885:Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney
128:Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
13:
1:
4514:Pictish and Scottish monarchs
4158:Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans
3892:Isabella, Duchess of Brittany
3860:Margaret, Countess of Douglas
3795:Isabella, Countess of Douglas
3467:19 April 1390 â 4 April 1406
3042:Dunbar, Archibald H. (1899),
2709:"A Folly of Princes synopsis"
2103:Grant in Tuck & Goodman,
1603:
466:
6018:Earls or mormaers of Carrick
5860:Mormaers or earls of Carrick
4189:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
3887:Margaret, Dauphine of France
3345:UK public library membership
3305:UK public library membership
3219:Rogers, Clifford J. (1999),
3149:, Edinburgh: Ballantyne Club
3084:UK public library membership
3028:, Scottish History Society,
3020:Burns, Charles, ed. (1976),
3013:UK public library membership
2896:UK public library membership
2856:UK public library membership
2823:Boardman, S. I. (May 2006).
2798:UK public library membership
2727:"The Captive Crown synopsis"
2444:Kings and Queens of Scotland
1880:Kings and Queens of Scotland
1825:Kings and Queens of Scotland
1799:Kings and Queens of Scotland
1682:Kings and Queens of Scotland
1457:Robert III, King of Scotland
966:Robert Stewart (died young);
595:"lieutenant for the marches"
479:to the throne, and his wife
427:where the Scots' commander,
116:Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife
65:19 April 1390 â 4 April 1406
7:
6023:14th-century Scottish earls
5725:British monarchs after the
4081:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
3907:Alexander, Duke of Rothesay
3811:Marjorie, Countess of Moray
3806:Margaret, Lady of the Isles
3111:Independence and Nationhood
2691:"lords of Misrule synopsis"
2548:Independence and Nationhood
1591:
1370:Robert II, King of Scotland
1065:Independence and Nationhood
1056:Andrew Barrell in his book
998:Elizabeth Stewart, married
473:Robert, Steward of Scotland
10:
6064:
4174:Charles, Duke of Cambridge
3255:University of St Andrews,
3046:, Edinburgh: David Douglas
2805:Boardman, Stephen (2007),
2740:
1315:David II, King of Scotland
1229:Robert I, King of Scotland
1119:are prominently depicted.
1017:James Stewart of Kilbride.
976:Mary Stewart, married 1st
622:had become in the north.
5980:
5954:
5917:
5866:
5813:
5736:
5720:
5716:
5653:
5636:
5632:
5109:
5105:
5035:
4755:
4520:
4444:
4432:
4400:
4388:
4381:
4365:
4361:
4336:
4295:
4291:
4242:
4217:
4166:
4153:Henry, Duke of Gloucester
4114:
4068:
4052:
4028:
3997:
3971:
3948:Alexander, Duke of Albany
3930:
3879:
3839:
3816:David, Earl of Strathearn
3785:Alexander, Earl of Buchan
3762:
3751:
3742:
3724:Stewart of Castle Stewart
3708:
3634:
3585:
3576:
3571:
3555:
3547:
3542:
3532:
3523:
3518:
3503:
3494:
3486:
3479:
3469:
3460:
3452:
3447:
3420:
3374:, London: Vintage Books,
3109:Grant, Alexander (1984),
3051:Duncan, A. A. M. (2004).
1559:James I, King of Scotland
1542:
1540:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1344:
1342:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1152:are prominently featured;
875:The grave of Robert III,
837:Donald, Lord of the Isles
612:Alexander, Earl of Buchan
271:
261:
251:
239:
208:
180:
168:
151:
141:
137:
99:
89:
79:
69:
61:
54:
39:
34:
4199:Edgar, Duke of Cambridge
4184:James, Duke of Cambridge
4010:Arthur, Duke of Rothesay
3917:Mary, Countess of Buchan
3902:Joan, Countess of Morton
3868:Elizabeth, Lady Dalkeith
3642:High Steward of Scotland
3558:High Steward of Scotland
3223:, Boydell & Brewer,
3181:Nield, Jonathan (1968),
2863:Boardman, S. I. (2004).
2105:War and Border Societies
2074:Grant in Jones, et al.,
942:King Robert III married
738:
572:Robert, Earl of Monteith
393:High Steward of Scotland
4194:Charles, Duke of Kendal
4036:James, Duke of Rothesay
4020:Alexander, Duke of Ross
4005:James, Duke of Rothesay
3938:Mary, Countess of Arran
3864:Mary, Countess of Angus
3847:David, Duke of Rothesay
3422:Robert III of Scotland
3312:Webster, Bruce (2004).
3272:Webster, Bruce (2004).
2962:Brown, Michael (2004),
2922:Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham
2297:Grant in Jones et al.,
2245:Grant in Jones et al.,
2151:in Brown & Tanner,
2042:Scotland: A New History
2001:Grant in Jones et al.,
1928:Grant in Jones et al.,
1747:Scotland: A new History
1080:The Early Stewart Kings
1034:in his general history
858:bishopric of St Andrews
670:Chamberlain of Scotland
4522:Monarchs of the Picts
4040:Robert, Duke of Albany
3821:Walter, Earl of Atholl
3790:Elizabeth, Lady Erroll
3780:Robert, Duke of Albany
3770:Robert III of Scotland
3729:Stewart of Balquhidder
3069:10.1093/ref:odnb/19590
2998:10.1093/ref:odnb/14587
2881:10.1093/ref:odnb/23714
2841:10.1093/ref:odnb/23713
2731:cunninghamh.tripod.com
2713:cunninghamh.tripod.com
2695:cunninghamh.tripod.com
2457:Britain's Royal Family
1786:Britain's Royal Family
1773:Britain's Royal Family
1760:Britain's Royal Family
1104:The Fair Maid of Perth
1095:
1078:In Stephen Boardman's
939:
879:
824:
786:Rothesay's lieutenancy
754:
698:
631:
526:
487:and her half-brother,
457:James, Earl of Carrick
429:James, Earl of Douglas
231:James I, King of Scots
4757:Monarchs of the Scots
3943:James III of Scotland
3755:Robert II of Scotland
3370:Weir, Alison (2008),
3330:10.1093/ref:odnb/1206
3290:10.1093/ref:odnb/3726
3237:Sadler, John (2006),
3145:Innes, Cosmo (1837),
2980:Brown, M. H. (2004).
2783:10.1093/ref:odnb/8063
2671:Brewer (2004), p. 301
2325:http://www.rps.ac.uk/
2076:New Cambridge History
2003:New Cambridge History
1141:Robert II of Scotland
1093:
1012:Shaw-Stewart baronets
937:
874:
822:
743:
717:Sir Archibald Douglas
694:
636:http://www.rps.ac.uk/
625:
524:
515:earldom of Strathearn
256:Robert II of Scotland
5882:Donnchadh of Carrick
5695:William III & II
5260:Henry the Young King
5210:Edward the Confessor
5178:Ăthelred the Unready
4838:Constantine III (IV)
4803:Constantine II (III)
4230:Henry, Cardinal York
4209:Louisa Maria Theresa
4091:Charles I of England
4044:Mary, Queen of Scots
3979:James IV of Scotland
3953:David, Earl of Moray
3912:James II of Scotland
3831:Egidia, Lady Douglas
3775:Walter, Earl of Fife
3720:Stewart of Ballechin
3579:Guardian of Scotland
3530:1368 â 5 March 1390
2179:Registum Moravienses
1133:The Lords of Misrule
1086:Fictional portrayals
867:Albany's lieutenancy
688:north of the Forth.
654:Guardian of Scotland
5898:Adam of Kilconquhar
5892:Marjorie of Carrick
5643:Union of the Crowns
4868:Malcolm III Canmore
4435:Seated in Avignon
4015:James V of Scotland
3984:James, Duke of Ross
3852:James I of Scotland
3481:Peerage of Scotland
3187:, Ayer Publishing,
2680:Nield (1968), p. 48
2639:Early Stewart Kings
2626:Early Stewart Kings
2613:Early Stewart Kings
2600:Early Stewart Kings
2431:Early Stewart Kings
2405:Early Stewart Kings
2392:Early Stewart Kings
2379:Early Stewart Kings
2350:Early Stewart Kings
2337:Early Stewart Kings
2260:Early Stewart Kings
2221:Early Stewart Kings
2208:Early Stewart Kings
2136:Early Stewart Kings
2089:Early Stewart Kings
2058:Early Stewart Kings
2029:Early Stewart Kings
1972:Early Stewart Kings
1959:Early Stewart Kings
1867:Early Stewart Kings
1854:Early Stewart Kings
1812:Early Stewart Kings
1734:Early Stewart Kings
1721:Early Stewart Kings
1708:Early Stewart Kings
1695:Early Stewart Kings
1656:Early Stewart Kings
1617:Early Stewart Kings
1186:James I of Scotland
1063:Alexander Grant in
990:Edmonstone baronets
715:, took the side of
713:Robert Earl of Fife
704:Battle of Otterburn
696:Battle of Otterburn
461:Henry IV of England
425:Battle of Otterburn
5727:Acts of Union 1707
5690:James II & VII
5383:Kenneth I MacAlpin
5168:Edgar the Peaceful
4941:Second Interregnum
4908:William I the Lion
4777:Constantine I (II)
4767:Kenneth I MacAlpin
3734:Stewart of Darnley
3566:Reverted to crown
3508:Title next held by
2016:Kings & Queens
1158:A Folly of Princes
1121:Archibald the Grim
1096:
940:
880:
825:
699:
574:could receive the
539:Earldom of Carrick
535:Annabella Drummond
527:
483:. Robert's mother
5990:
5989:
5985:
5946:Alexander de Brus
5910:
5906:Lord of Annandale
5902:Robert VI de Brus
5826:
5825:
5809:
5808:
5712:
5711:
5628:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5173:Edward the Martyr
5056:
5055:
4929:First Interregnum
4480:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4455:
4438:
4428:
4427:
4421:
4411:
4394:
4376:
4357:
4356:
4350:
4329:
4319:
4309:
4253:
4252:
4238:
4237:
3989:John, Earl of Mar
3958:John, Earl of Mar
3595:
3594:
3586:Succeeded by
3533:Succeeded by
3470:Succeeded by
3343:(Subscription or
3303:(Subscription or
3194:978-0-8337-2509-7
3174:978-1-84383-374-1
3156:The Scots Peerage
3082:(Subscription or
3035:978-0-9500260-8-4
3011:(Subscription or
2955:978-0-7486-1485-1
2937:978-1-4102-1335-8
2894:(Subscription or
2854:(Subscription or
2816:978-1-904607-68-7
2796:(Subscription or
2749:Medieval Scotland
2587:Medieval Scotland
2574:Medieval Scotland
2535:Medieval Scotland
2522:Medieval Scotland
2509:Medieval Scotland
2312:Medieval Scotland
2192:Medieval Scotland
1943:Medieval Scotland
1917:Medieval Scotland
1588:
1587:
1182:The Captive Crown
1058:Medieval Scotland
944:Anabella Drummond
889:Alexander Stewart
765:for the year 1398
531:earldom of Atholl
511:Margaret Drummond
420:Anabella Drummond
378:
377:
187:Anabella Drummond
16:(Redirected from
6055:
6003:Scottish princes
5983:
5894:
5887:Niall of Carrick
5853:
5846:
5839:
5830:
5829:
5718:
5717:
5678:Richard Cromwell
5668:The Protectorate
5658:James I & VI
5634:
5633:
5215:Harold Godwinson
5135:Edward the Elder
5128:Alfred the Great
5112:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5083:
5076:
5069:
5060:
5059:
5049:
5040:also monarch of
4507:
4500:
4493:
4484:
4483:
4461:
4451:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4417:
4407:
4392:
4391:Seated in Rome
4386:
4385:
4372:
4363:
4362:
4346:
4325:
4315:
4305:
4293:
4292:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4257:
4256:
3799:Jean, Lady Keith
3749:
3748:
3716:Stewart of Appin
3700:Earl of Galloway
3690:Marquess of Bute
3657:Duke of Richmond
3628:House of Stewart
3621:
3614:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3548:Preceded by
3487:Preceded by
3453:Preceded by
3443:
3436:
3427:House of Stewart
3418:
3417:
3414:
3399:British monarchy
3384:
3366:
3348:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3317:
3308:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3251:
3233:
3215:
3197:
3177:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3123:
3105:
3087:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3027:
3016:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2985:
2976:
2958:
2940:
2917:
2899:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2868:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2828:
2819:
2801:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2770:
2761:
2735:
2734:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2648:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2622:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2518:
2512:
2505:
2499:
2492:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2434:
2427:
2421:
2414:
2408:
2401:
2395:
2388:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2263:
2256:
2250:
2243:
2237:
2230:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2188:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2156:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2114:
2108:
2101:
2092:
2085:
2079:
2072:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2038:
2032:
2025:
2019:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1883:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1850:
1844:
1837:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1743:
1737:
1730:
1724:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1698:
1691:
1685:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1613:
1205:
1204:
1190:Battle of Harlaw
1032:Gordon Donaldson
930:Family and issue
920:Flamborough Head
766:
729:Dundonald Castle
638:
616:Lord of Badenoch
591:Duke of Rothesay
580:earldom of Moray
477:heir presumptive
449:Duke of Rothesay
399:(1367â1390) and
219:
202:
200:
110:
44:
32:
31:
21:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6013:Earls of Atholl
6008:House of Stuart
5993:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5976:
5950:
5913:
5862:
5857:
5827:
5822:
5805:
5732:
5708:
5673:Oliver Cromwell
5649:
5624:
5619:
5466:Constantine III
5375:
5200:Harold Harefoot
5190:Edmund Ironside
5101:
5096: and
5087:
5057:
5052:
5039:
5031:
4758:
4751:
4707:Constantine (I)
4587:Galam Cennalath
4523:
4516:
4511:
4481:
4468:
4453:1378–1394
4440:
4424:
4419:1404–1406
4409:1389–1404
4396:
4377:
4374:1378–1429
4353:
4348:1380–1422
4332:
4287:
4284:
4254:
4249:
4234:
4218:12th generation
4213:
4167:11th generation
4162:
4115:10th generation
4110:
4064:
4048:
4024:
3993:
3967:
3926:
3875:
3835:
3802:Katherine Logan
3758:
3744:
3738:
3704:
3680:Duke of Aubigny
3672:King of Ireland
3667:King of England
3630:
3625:
3591:
3582:
3561:
3553:
3538:
3529:
3526:Earl of Carrick
3509:
3500:
3492:
3475:
3466:
3458:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3391:
3382:
3364:
3342:
3334:
3332:
3302:
3294:
3292:
3263:
3261:
3249:
3231:
3213:
3195:
3175:
3139:
3121:
3103:
3081:
3073:
3071:
3036:
3010:
3002:
3000:
2974:
2956:
2938:
2893:
2885:
2883:
2853:
2845:
2843:
2817:
2795:
2787:
2785:
2759:
2743:
2738:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2663:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2636:
2632:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2606:
2597:
2593:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2541:
2532:
2528:
2519:
2515:
2506:
2502:
2493:
2489:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2450:
2441:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2398:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2372:
2360:
2356:
2347:
2343:
2334:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2279:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2214:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2185:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2146:
2142:
2133:
2129:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2102:
2095:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2048:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1996:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1949:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1886:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1831:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1796:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1727:
1718:
1714:
1705:
1701:
1692:
1688:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1594:
1589:
1566:Murdoch Stewart
1199:
1125:Earl of Douglas
1088:
1024:
961:James I Stewart
932:
869:
841:Falkland Castle
788:
780:Bishop of Moray
776:Elgin Cathedral
768:
763:Elgin Cathedral
756:
750:
749:
741:
725:Murdoch Stewart
697:
640:
633:
607:
576:Earldom of Fife
501:Pope Clement VI
469:
401:Earl of Carrick
374:
367:
359:
351:
343:
335:
327:
316:
308:
300:
292:
284:
277:
276:
235:
213:
212:
204:
196:
192:
189:
176:
158:Rothesay Castle
156:
146:
133:
112:
111:
106:
50:
28:
23:
22:
18:King Robert III
15:
12:
11:
5:
6061:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5988:
5987:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5958:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5935:Robert de Brus
5932:
5930:Edward de Brus
5927:
5925:Robert de Brus
5921:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5856:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5833:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5675:
5665:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5569:Edward Balliol
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5429:Constantine II
5426:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5357:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5256:
5251:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5221:Edgar Ătheling
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5110:
5103:
5102:
5086:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5063:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4937:
4932:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4763:
4761:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4518:
4517:
4510:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4487:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4456:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4412:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4369:Western Schism
4359:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4320:
4310:
4299:
4297:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4069:9th generation
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4053:8th generation
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4029:7th generation
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3998:6th generation
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3973:
3972:5th generation
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3931:4th generation
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3880:3rd generation
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3865:
3862:
3857:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3840:2nd generation
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3766:
3764:
3763:1st generation
3760:
3759:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3676:Lord of Sticks
3674:
3669:
3664:
3662:Duke of Albany
3659:
3654:
3652:Duke of Lennox
3649:
3647:Earl of Lennox
3644:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3624:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3592:
3589:Robert Stewart
3587:
3584:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3554:
3551:Robert Stewart
3549:
3545:
3544:
3543:Court offices
3540:
3539:
3534:
3531:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3507:
3502:
3497:Earl of Atholl
3493:
3490:Robert Stewart
3488:
3484:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3448:Regnal titles
3445:
3444:
3424:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3401:
3390:
3389:External links
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3367:
3362:
3349:
3309:
3269:
3252:
3247:
3234:
3229:
3216:
3211:
3198:
3193:
3178:
3173:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3137:
3124:
3119:
3106:
3101:
3088:
3048:
3039:
3034:
3017:
2977:
2972:
2959:
2954:
2941:
2936:
2918:
2900:
2860:
2820:
2815:
2802:
2762:
2757:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2718:
2700:
2682:
2673:
2661:
2643:
2630:
2617:
2604:
2591:
2578:
2565:
2552:
2539:
2537:, pp. 150â151.
2526:
2513:
2500:
2487:
2483:Scottish Kings
2474:
2470:Scottish Kings
2461:
2448:
2435:
2422:
2409:
2396:
2383:
2370:
2354:
2341:
2328:
2316:
2303:
2290:
2277:
2264:
2251:
2238:
2225:
2212:
2196:
2183:
2170:
2157:
2155:, pp. 112â116.
2140:
2127:
2109:
2093:
2091:, pp. 139, 142
2080:
2062:
2046:
2033:
2020:
2014:Oram, et al.,
2007:
1994:
1976:
1963:
1947:
1934:
1921:
1908:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1829:
1816:
1803:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1634:
1621:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1308:Marjorie Bruce
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1178:
1177:
1164:, and brother
1154:
1153:
1129:
1128:
1087:
1084:
1036:Scottish Kings
1023:
1022:Historiography
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1004:
1003:
996:
993:
974:
967:
964:
958:
931:
928:
908:Firth of Forth
868:
865:
787:
784:
742:
740:
737:
708:Northumberland
695:
678:Jean de Vienne
650:Holyrood Abbey
624:
606:
603:
559:Firth of Clyde
481:Elizabeth Mure
468:
465:
453:Duke of Albany
409:Elizabeth Mure
405:King Robert II
397:Earl of Atholl
376:
375:
373:
372:
363:
361:
355:
353:
347:
345:
339:
337:
331:
329:
323:
321:
312:
310:
304:
302:
296:
294:
288:
286:
280:
274:
273:
272:
269:
268:
266:Elizabeth Mure
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
234:
233:
228:
222:
220:
206:
205:
194:
190:
185:
184:
182:
178:
177:
172:
170:
166:
165:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
135:
134:
132:
131:
125:
119:
105:
104:
103:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
75:14 August 1390
73:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6060:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5979:
5973:
5972:James Stewart
5970:
5968:
5967:David Stewart
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:Stewart earls
5953:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5941:David de Brus
5939:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5854:
5849:
5847:
5842:
5840:
5835:
5834:
5831:
5819:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5542:
5541:Alexander III
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5397:Constantine I
5394:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5104:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5072:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5047:
5043:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:Alexander III
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4759:(traditional)
4754:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:Galan Erilich
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4524:(traditional)
4519:
4515:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4496:
4494:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4464:
4460:
4459:Benedict XIII
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4431:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4364:
4360:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4248:
4247:
4241:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Earl of March
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:Earl of Moray
3683:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3580:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3562:c. 1371â1390
3560:
3559:
3552:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3536:David Stewart
3528:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:David Stewart
3506:
3499:
3498:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3463:King of Scots
3457:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3434:
3429:
3428:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3383:
3381:9780099539735
3377:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3363:0-7486-1110-X
3359:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3306:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3260:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:1-4058-4022-6
3244:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3230:0-85115-646-0
3226:
3222:
3217:
3214:
3212:0-7524-1991-9
3208:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3138:0-521-36290-3
3134:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3120:0-7131-6309-7
3116:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3102:0-415-08021-5
3098:
3095:, Routledge,
3094:
3089:
3085:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3014:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:0-7486-1238-6
2969:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2760:
2758:0-521-58602-X
2754:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2666:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2614:
2608:
2601:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2549:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2510:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2484:
2478:
2471:
2465:
2459:, pp. 229â231
2458:
2452:
2445:
2439:
2432:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2407:, pp. 293â294
2406:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2381:, pp. 281â282
2380:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2351:
2345:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2294:
2287:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2255:
2248:
2242:
2235:
2229:
2223:, pp. 195â196
2222:
2216:
2210:, pp. 173â175
2209:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2180:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2123:
2122:www.rps.ac.uk
2119:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2043:
2037:
2031:, pp. 135â136
2030:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2005:, pp. 360â361
2004:
1998:
1990:
1989:www.rps.ac.uk
1986:
1980:
1974:, pages 83â89
1973:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1945:, pp. 140â142
1944:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1919:, pp. 141â142
1918:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1875:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1788:, pp. 216â225
1787:
1781:
1775:, pp. 210â211
1774:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1748:
1742:
1736:, pp. 291â292
1735:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1710:, pp. 235â236
1709:
1703:
1697:, pp. 214â215
1696:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1671:, pp. 203â204
1670:
1664:
1658:, pp. 151â152
1657:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1585:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1476:
1469:
1458:
1448:
1445:
1437:
1435:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1351:
1349:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1289:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1206:
1202:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1137:Nigel Tranter
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
972:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
952:
949:
948:
947:
945:
936:
927:
925:
924:Paisley Abbey
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
878:
877:Paisley Abbey
873:
864:
863:
859:
854:
850:
845:
842:
838:
834:
830:
821:
817:
814:
810:
806:
805:Black Douglas
802:
798:
797:Earl of March
794:
783:
781:
777:
773:
767:
764:
760:
753:
748:
736:
734:
730:
726:
720:
718:
714:
709:
705:
693:
689:
687:
683:
679:
673:
671:
667:
663:
657:
655:
651:
646:
639:
637:
630:
629:
623:
621:
617:
613:
602:
600:
599:James Douglas
596:
592:
589:, the future
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
540:
536:
532:
523:
519:
516:
512:
507:
502:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:King of Scots
386:
382:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:
270:
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
221:
218:
217:
211:
207:
188:
183:
179:
175:
174:Paisley Abbey
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
150:
144:
140:
136:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
109:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:King of Scots
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6028:1330s births
5962:John Stewart
5961:
5895:
5875:Gille Brigte
5873:
5817:
5796:Elizabeth II
5724:
5640:
5579:
5567:
5545:
5536:Alexander II
5453:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5363:
5352:
5275:
5258:
5246:
5219:
5182:
5140:
5133:
5126:
4961:
4939:
4927:
4913:Alexander II
4612:Gartnait III
4462:
4452:
4434:
4418:
4415:Innocent VII
4408:
4390:
4373:
4367:
4347:
4326:
4316:
4306:
4244:
3769:
3577:
3572:
3565:
3556:
3524:
3519:
3510:
3504:
3495:
3461:
3442:4 April 1406
3439:
3432:
3425:
3371:
3353:
3333:. Retrieved
3319:
3293:. Retrieved
3279:
3262:, retrieved
3257:
3238:
3220:
3202:
3183:
3164:
3155:
3146:
3128:
3110:
3092:
3072:. Retrieved
3058:
3043:
3023:
3001:. Retrieved
2987:
2963:
2945:
2926:
2905:
2884:. Retrieved
2870:
2866:"Robert III"
2844:. Retrieved
2830:
2806:
2786:. Retrieved
2772:
2748:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2655:
2646:
2638:
2633:
2625:
2620:
2612:
2607:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2581:
2573:
2568:
2560:
2555:
2547:
2542:
2534:
2529:
2521:
2516:
2508:
2503:
2495:
2490:
2482:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2456:
2451:
2443:
2438:
2430:
2425:
2417:
2412:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2344:
2336:
2331:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2298:
2293:
2285:
2280:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2149:Dauvit Broun
2143:
2135:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2104:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2057:
2041:
2036:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2002:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1971:
1966:
1958:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1824:
1819:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1785:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1733:
1728:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1456:
1200:
1181:
1157:
1132:
1109:Walter Scott
1102:
1097:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1028:Walter Bower
1025:
1005:
941:
904:east Lothian
897:
881:
861:
846:
829:Gaelic areas
826:
809:Clan Chattan
789:
772:John Balliol
769:
758:
755:
745:
744:
721:
700:
674:
658:
641:
632:
627:
626:
608:
594:
584:
551:Agnes Dunbar
548:
528:
497:
470:
441:
437:Earl of Fife
413:
385:John Stewart
384:
380:
379:
368:
364:
356:
348:
340:
332:
324:
317:
313:
305:
297:
289:
281:
214:
162:Isle of Bute
145:John Stewart
130:(1401â1406)
124:(1399â1401)
118:(1390â1393)
107:
29:
6033:1406 deaths
5867:Native line
5801:Charles III
5786:Edward VIII
5516:Alexander I
5496:Malcolm III
5471:Kenneth III
5371:Elizabeth I
5333:Richard III
4893:Alexander I
4843:Kenneth III
4794:(uncertain)
4692:Talorgan II
4657:Nechtan III
4632:Gartnait IV
4597:Gartnait II
4449:Clement VII
4405:Boniface IX
3264:25 February
3241:, Longman,
2826:"Robert II"
2788:20 February
2768:"Annabella"
2494:Nicholson,
2481:Donaldson,
2468:Donaldson,
2273:Border Fury
1869:, pp. 23â24
1814:, pp. 16â18
1667:Nicholson,
1641:Nicholson,
1628:Nicholson,
1619:, pp. 17â19
1197:Family tree
883:councilors
801:Red Douglas
761:written at
648:meeting at
568:John Dunbar
555:Scone Abbey
80:Predecessor
5997:Categories
5918:Bruce line
5776:Edward VII
5766:William IV
5756:George III
5685:Charles II
5580:Robert III
5526:Malcolm IV
5501:Donald III
5476:Malcolm II
5461:Kenneth II
5343:Henry VIII
5303:Richard II
5298:Edward III
5232:William II
5205:Harthacnut
5022:William II
5007:Charles II
4962:Robert III
4903:Malcolm IV
4883:Donald III
4873:Donald III
4848:Malcolm II
4833:Kenneth II
4742:Bridei VII
4697:Drest VIII
4642:Bridei III
4627:Talorgan I
4622:Talorc III
4602:Nechtan II
4567:Gartnait I
4344:Charles VI
4303:Richard II
4125:Charles II
3501:1367â1390
3395:Robert III
3347:required.)
3335:22 October
3307:required.)
3295:22 October
3275:"David II"
3086:required.)
3074:23 October
3015:required.)
2898:required.)
2858:required.)
2846:19 October
2800:required.)
2656:npg.org.uk
2637:Boardman,
2624:Boardman,
2611:Boardman,
2598:Boardman,
2429:Boardman,
2403:Boardman,
2390:Boardman,
2348:Boardman,
2335:Boardman,
2284:Boardman,
2258:Boardman,
2219:Boardman,
2206:Boardman,
2177:Innes, C.
2134:Boardman,
2087:Boardman,
2056:Boardman,
2027:Boardman,
1957:Boardman,
1904:Robert III
1902:Boardman,
1865:Boardman,
1852:Boardman,
1839:Boardman,
1810:Boardman,
1732:Boardman,
1719:Boardman,
1706:Boardman,
1693:Boardman,
1654:Boardman,
1615:Boardman,
1604:References
1170:Richard II
1135:(1976) by
1107:(1828) by
986:Kincardine
849:Richard II
682:Richard II
467:Early life
381:Robert III
164:, Scotland
71:Coronation
35:Robert III
5896:(with 1.
5791:George VI
5761:George IV
5751:George II
5663:Charles I
5645:from 1603
5595:James III
5575:Robert II
5531:William I
5506:Duncan II
5434:Malcolm I
5424:Donald II
5348:Edward VI
5338:Henry VII
5323:Edward IV
5293:Edward II
5283:Henry III
5266:Richard I
5227:William I
5148:Ăthelstan
5012:James VII
5002:Charles I
4977:James III
4957:Robert II
4878:Duncan II
4808:Malcolm I
4798:Donald II
4737:Ciniod II
4732:Bridei VI
4712:Ăengus II
4662:Drest VII
4652:Bridei IV
4617:Bridei II
4577:Talorc II
4557:Drest III
4542:Nechtan I
4149:Katherine
4140:Elizabeth
3573:New title
3520:New title
3456:Robert II
2983:"James I"
2915:540108870
2886:9 January
2589:, p. 142.
2563:, p. 367.
2550:, p. 184.
2533:Barrell,
2520:Barrell,
2507:Barrell,
2377:Boardman,
2310:Barrell,
2190:Barrell,
1941:Barrell,
1915:Barrell,
1841:Annabella
686:Justiciar
666:Edinburgh
506:Annandale
90:Successor
84:Robert II
5781:George V
5771:Victoria
5746:George I
5615:James VI
5600:James IV
5590:James II
5563:David II
5558:Robert I
5547:Margaret
5481:Duncan I
5390:Donald I
5328:Edward V
5318:Henry VI
5308:Henry IV
5288:Edward I
5254:Henry II
5153:Edmund I
5142:Ălfweard
5100:monarchs
5094:Scottish
4997:James VI
4982:James IV
4972:James II
4952:David II
4947:Robert I
4923:Margaret
4853:Duncan I
4772:Donald I
4717:Drest IX
4687:AlpĂn II
4682:Ciniod I
4677:Bridei V
4672:Ăengus I
4637:Drest VI
4592:Bridei I
4572:Cailtram
4562:Drest IV
4547:Drest II
4537:Talorc I
4313:Henry IV
4246:Category
4135:James II
4086:Margaret
3963:Margaret
3745:Stewarts
3709:Branches
2924:(1892),
2641:, p. 308
2628:, p. 305
2615:, p. 304
2576:, p. 140
2524:, p. 147
2511:, p. 137
2498:, p. 199
2446:, p. 134
2442:Penman,
2433:, p. 293
2394:, p. 291
2352:, p. 281
2339:, p. 255
2314:, p. 149
2301:, p. 362
2275:, p. 296
2271:Sadler,
2262:, p. 226
2249:, p. 361
2236:, p. 131
2232:Penman,
2194:, p. 146
2181:, p. 382
2168:, p. 174
2164:Dunbar,
2138:, p. 171
2060:, p. 135
2044:, p. 139
2018:, p. 126
1932:, p. 360
1882:, p. 130
1878:Penman,
1827:, p. 120
1823:Penman,
1801:, p. 128
1797:Penman,
1762:, p. 228
1749:, p. 141
1723:, p. 244
1684:, p. 131
1680:Penman,
1645:, p. 189
1632:, p. 185
1592:See also
1174:Henry IV
912:Balvenie
900:Ayrshire
853:Henry IV
733:Ayrshire
563:entailed
493:Robert I
489:David II
485:Marjorie
416:David II
108:See list
5937:(again)
5699:Mary II
5605:James V
5585:James I
5521:David I
5486:Macbeth
5418:Eochaid
5313:Henry V
5248:Matilda
5242:Stephen
5237:Henry I
5098:British
5092:,
5090:English
5046:Ireland
5042:England
5017:Mary II
4987:James V
4967:James I
4898:David I
4858:Macbeth
4792:Eochaid
4747:Drest X
4667:AlpĂn I
4607:Cinioch
4582:Drest V
4532:Drest I
4323:Henry V
4296:England
4179:Mary II
3473:James I
3435:c. 1337
3406:at the
2741:Sources
2602:, p. 55
2585:Lynch,
2572:Lynch,
2559:Grant,
2546:Grant,
2485:, p. 41
2472:, p. 38
2418:James I
2416:Brown,
2107:, p. 51
2040:Lynch,
1961:,p. 130
1856:, p. 22
1745:Lynch,
662:bullion
645:cateran
585:A son,
246:Stewart
216:more...
203:
195:
191:
147:c. 1337
100:Regents
94:James I
5610:Mary I
5491:Lulach
5455:AmlaĂb
5449:Cuilén
5439:Indulf
5365:Philip
5360:Mary I
5163:Eadwig
5158:Eadred
4863:Lulach
4828:AmlaĂb
4823:Cuilén
4813:Indulf
4702:Conall
4382:Papacy
4337:France
4106:Sophia
3872:Egidia
3856:Robert
3635:Titles
3505:Vacant
3438:
3378:
3360:
3341:
3301:
3245:
3227:
3209:
3191:
3171:
3135:
3117:
3099:
3080:
3032:
3009:
3003:16 May
2970:
2952:
2934:
2913:
2892:
2852:
2813:
2794:
2755:
2455:Weir,
2420:, ODNB
2288:, ODNB
2078:p. 361
1906:, ODNB
1843:, ODNB
1784:Weir,
1771:Weir,
1758:Weir,
1115:, and
1047:Forres
1026:Abbot
916:Danzig
793:George
757:â The
546:heir.
433:Robert
387:, was
357:1405-6
275:Events
262:Mother
252:Father
181:Spouse
169:Burial
5900:; 2.
5511:Edgar
5411:Giric
5277:Louis
5184:Sweyn
4888:Edgar
4787:Giric
4727:Uurad
4647:Taran
3743:Royal
3440:Died:
3433:Born:
1051:Elgin
893:James
833:Perth
813:Perth
811:) in
739:Reign
587:David
544:Bruce
445:David
241:House
210:Issue
197:(
193:
62:Reign
47:Groat
5741:Anne
5704:Anne
5697:and
5553:John
5362:and
5354:Jane
5271:John
5195:Cnut
5044:and
5027:Anne
4992:Mary
4935:John
4722:Uuen
4145:Anne
4101:Mary
3376:ISBN
3358:ISBN
3337:2008
3297:2008
3266:2009
3243:ISBN
3225:ISBN
3207:ISBN
3189:ISBN
3169:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3115:ISBN
3097:ISBN
3076:2008
3030:ISBN
3005:2010
2968:ISBN
2950:ISBN
2932:ISBN
2911:OCLC
2888:2009
2848:2008
2811:ISBN
2790:2009
2753:ISBN
1172:and
1148:and
1049:and
620:Ross
618:and
475:and
407:and
365:1406
349:1402
341:1401
333:1399
325:1393
314:1390
306:1388
298:1384
290:1371
282:1363
152:Died
142:Born
5444:Dub
5404:Ăed
4818:Dub
4782:Ăed
3326:doi
3286:doi
3065:doi
2994:doi
2877:doi
2837:doi
2779:doi
851:by
731:in
706:in
495:.
5999::
5982:Âč
5904:,
3318:.
3278:.
3057:.
2986:.
2869:.
2829:.
2771:.
2729:.
2711:.
2693:.
2664:^
2654:.
2199:^
2120:.
2096:^
2065:^
2049:^
1987:.
1950:^
1887:^
1832:^
1123:,
992:);
795:,
656:.
614:,
582:.
435:,
199:m.
160:,
5908:)
5878:Âč
5852:e
5845:t
5838:v
5082:e
5075:t
5068:v
5048:.
4506:e
4499:t
4492:v
4279:e
4272:t
4265:v
3620:e
3613:t
3606:v
3339:.
3328::
3299:.
3288::
3078:.
3067::
3007:.
2996::
2890:.
2879::
2850:.
2839::
2792:.
2781::
2733:.
2715:.
2697:.
2658:.
2124:.
1991:.
1192:.
1014:;
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.