History of Cornwall

1297: 640: 898: 66: 3075: 1654: 1722: 325: 718: 1787: 730: 1019: 1840: 586: 4525: 1004: 2103: 267: 1031: 60: 4478: 1397: 1462: 309: 317: 1412:. Sweyn annexed Wessex to his Viking empire which included Denmark and Norway. He did not, however, annex Cornwall, Wales and Scotland, allowing these "client nations" self-rule in return for an annual payment of tribute or "danegeld". Between 1013 and 1035 Cornwall, Wales, much of Scotland and Ireland were not included in the territories of King 814:– and the absence of any known connection, the Cornish Cornovii are generally assumed to compose a completely separate tribe. While their name may derive from their inhabitation of a peninsula, the absence of a peninsula in the other two cases has led to the postulation of a derivation from these tribes' worship of a "horned god." 2084:. In 2001 for the first time in the UK the inhabitants of Cornwall could record their ethnicity as Cornish on the national census, and in 2004 the schools census in Cornwall carried a Cornish option as a subdivision of white British. On 24 April 2014 it was announced that Cornish people will be granted minority status under the 1122:, this probably indicates that Dumnonia had fallen by 722, and that the British victory of that year against Wessex secured the survival of the new kingdom of Cornwall for another one hundred and fifty years. There were intermittent battles between Wessex and Cornwall for the rest of the eighth century, and 2041:

has been noted for its early association with smuggling. By the 19th century, a large proportion of the population of Cornwall – an estimated 10,000 people, including women and children – were thought to take part in the smuggling business. The rate of smuggling subsided in the coming century, and by

2028:

in Cornwall was evident in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Import taxes and other duties on goods led to a number of traders and consumers evading the extra price burden by using the county's ragged coastline as a landing point for dutiable goods. The most trafficked items were brandy, lace

1712:

at this time spoke the Cornish language rather than English. They therefore wished church services to continue to be conducted in Latin; although they did not understand this language either, it had the benefit of long-established tradition and lacked the political and cultural connotations of the

1764:

and so the Cornish saw the King as protector of their rights and Ducal privileges. The strong local Cornish identity also meant the Cornish would resist any meddling in their affairs by any outsiders. The English Parliament wanted to reduce royal power. Parliamentary forces invaded Cornwall three

1078:

among them and therefore care should be exercised in assuming a stark ethnic antipathy between emergent 'British' and 'English' identities, peoples and culture; rather a struggle for dominance of warring elites more or less aligned with eastern 'Germanic' and western 'Romano-Celtic' cultures and

984:

demonstrate a uniquely Cornish 'courtyard house' architecture built in stone of the Roman period, entirely distinct from that of southern Britain, yet with parallels in Atlantic Ireland, North Britain and the Continent, and influential on the later development of stone-built fortified homesteads

2912:

and their lands, not specifically to Wales and the Welsh in the modern sense. Since this reference concerns a parcel of adjoining territories contiguous with Cornwall but not with Wales, and since Wales was not under English rule at this date whereas the evidence of Domesday Book indicates that

1496:

suggests that many other post-Conquest landowners in Cornwall were Breton allies of the Normans, the Bretons being descended from Britons who had fled to what is today France during the early years of the Anglo-Saxon conquest. and further proposed this period for the early composition of the

1201:. T. M. Charles-Edwards dismisses William's account as an "improbable story" on the ground that Cornwall was by then firmly under English control. John Reuben Davies sees the expedition as the suppression of a British uprising, which was followed by the confinement of the Cornish beyond the 1869:

in Cornwall, that is currently being restarted. Also, a popular legend says that wherever you may go in the world, if you see a hole in the ground, you'll find a Cornishman at the bottom of it. Several Cornish mining words are in use in English language mining terminology, such as

1917:

which took place in Scotland and the north of England. However, the Cornish uprising was quickly quashed by the authorities. James Paynter was tried for High Treason but claiming his right as a Cornish tinner was tried in front of a jury of other Cornish tinners and was cleared.

1885:

Since the decline of tin mining, agriculture and fishing, the area's economy has become increasingly dependent on tourism—some of Britain's most spectacular coastal scenery can be found here. However, Cornwall is one of the poorest parts of Western Europe and it has been granted

1777:

and issued them with instructions to keep "all foreign troops out of Cornwall". Grenville tried to use "Cornish particularist sentiment" to muster support for the Royalist cause and put a plan to the Prince which would, if implemented, have created a semi-independent Cornwall.

1665:

The general tendency of administrative centralisation under the Tudor dynasty began to undermine Cornwall's distinctive status. For example, under the Tudors, the practice of distinguishing between some laws, such as those related to the tin industry, that applied simply

1182:

was instructed to visit Cornwall annually to "root out the errors of the Cornish Church", further indications that Cornwall was becoming subject to Wessex in the middle of the ninth century. In the 880s Alfred the Great was able to leave estates in Cornwall in his will.

2008:. The ecclesiastical division within Cornwall into rural deaneries used versions of the same names though the areas did not correspond exactly: Trigg Major, Trigg Minor, East Wivelshire, West Wivelshire, Powder, Pydar, Kerrier and Penwith were all deaneries of the 1042:

In the wake of the Roman withdrawal from Great Britain in about 410, Saxons and other Germanic peoples were able to conquer and settle most of the east of the island over the next two centuries. In the west, Devon and Cornwall held out as the British kingdom of

1229:

As for those Cornwallians, although they stoutly bent all their force together in defence of their Countrey, yet soone became they subject to the Saxons, as who neither matched then in number, neither was their Countrey sufficiently fenced by nature to defend

877:

Pottery and other evidence suggesting the presence of an ironworks have been found at the undisclosed location near St Austell, Cornwall. Experts say the discovery challenges the belief that Romans did not settle in the county and stopped in east Devon where

709:(or Land's End) from their intercourse with foreign merchants, are civilised in their manner of life. They prepare the tin, working very carefully the earth in which it is produced ... Here then the merchants buy the tin from the natives and carry it over to 1443:. The latter also went through evolution over the centuries, however they remain exceedingly similar. As well, Cornwall showed a very different type of settlement pattern from that of Saxon Wessex and places continued, even after 1066, to be named in the 745:

traded directly with Cornwall for tin. There is no archaeological evidence for this and modern historians have debunked earlier antiquarian constructions of "the Phoenician legacy of Cornwall", including belief that the Phoenicians even settled Cornwall.

1209:

Cornwall now acquired Anglo-Saxon administrative features such as the hundred system. Unlike Devon, Cornwall's culture was not anglicised. Most people still spoke Cornish, and place-names are still mainly Brittonic. In 944 Æthelstan's successor,

1379:

but emerged as a full bishopric in its own right by the end of the 10th century. The first few bishops here were native Cornish, but those appointed from 963 onwards were all English. From around 1027, the see was held jointly with that of

1431:

earldom of Wessex. The records of Domesday Book show that by this time the native Cornish landowning class had been almost completely dispossessed and replaced by English landowners, the largest of whom was Harold Godwinson himself.

1819:, the sea rose suddenly and then retired, ten minutes later it rose 6 ft (1.8 m) very rapidly, then ebbed equally rapidly, and continued to rise and fall for five hours. The sea rose 8 ft (2.4 m) in 1607:'s proto-Reformation and, ironically for a Cornish-speaker, is the third most cited source for the very first appearance of many words in the English language. He also added many notes to his translation c. 1387 of the 801:

suggested that a contingent of the Shropshire Cornovii was sent to South West Britain at the end of the Roman era, to rule the land there and keep out the invading Irish, but this theory was dismissed by Professor

1133:

The kingdom of Cornwall, on the other hand, remained as an independent British territory in the face of pressure from Wessex, cut off from fellow Brittonic-speakers in Wales and Brittany by the sea and the West

1689:. This levy was resented for the economic hardship it would cause; it also intruded on a special Cornish tax exemption. The rebels marched on London, gaining supporters as they went, but were defeated at the 2908:(2000), p.177. The Old English word translated by Swanton as "Cornwall" is "Wealas", which some translations render as "Wales". However, in the Anglo-Saxon period this terminology was applied equally to all 1205:

and the creation of a separate bishopric for Cornwall. Although English kings granted land in the eastern part in the ninth century, no grants are recorded in the western half until the mid-tenth century.

1447:

Cornish tradition. Mills argues that the Breton rulers of Cornwall, as allies of the Normans, brought about an 'Armorican Return' with Cornu-Breton retaining its status as a prestige language.

1285:

exercised a religious and arguably political influence; they were often closely connected to the local civil rulers and in some cases were kings themselves. There was an important monastery at

631:

There is evidence of a relatively large-scale disruption of cultural practices around the 12th century BCE that some scholars think may indicate an invasion or migration into southern Britain.

1713:

use of English. Twenty percent of the Cornish population are believed to have been killed during 1549: it is one of the major factors that contributed to the decline in the Cornish language.

854:, Cornwall was rather remote from the main centres of Romanisation. The Roman road system extended into Cornwall, but the only known significant Roman sites are three forts:- Tregear near 628:

sites. Ingots of tin, some recovered from shipwrecks dated to the 12th century BCE off the coast of modern Israel, were analysed isotopically and found to have originated in Cornwall.

2514: 2073:

for the county. The party has had elected a number of members to county, district, town and parish councils but has had no national success, although the more widespread use of the

890:

notes that "in the south-west peninsula of Devon and Cornwall the lack of Romanization, after a brief military occupation in the first century, is particularly striking. West of

2088: 782:, known from earlier Roman sources as inhabitants of an area centred on modern Shropshire, had by about the 5th century established a power-base in the south-west (perhaps at 1551:

and Tintagel. A new town grew up around Launceston castle and this became the capital of the county. On several occasions over the following centuries noblemen were created

1312:

By the 880s more Saxon priests were being appointed to the Church in Cornwall and they controlled some church estates like Polltun, Caellwic and Landwithan (Pawton, in

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The upland areas of Cornwall were the parts first open to settlement as the vegetation required little in the way of clearance: they were perhaps first occupied in

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continued to be spoken, particularly in west and mid Cornwall, and evolved a number of characteristics that began to separate it from its descendant language of

3290: 949:, however, Cornwall remained closely integrated with neighbouring territories by well-travelled sea routes. Fleuriot suggests that an overland route connecting 1344:

on Cornish soil east of the Tamar). These were provided to him through the Church whose Canterbury appointed priesthood was increasingly English dominated.

2163: 624:

was experiencing a trade boom driven by the export of tin across Europe. This prosperity helped feed the skilfully wrought gold ornaments recovered from

344:, but in this period Cornwall only had sporadic visits by groups of humans. Continuous occupation started around 10,000 years ago after the end of the 1828: 4491: 3799: 1708:. Cornwall was mostly Catholic in sympathy at this time; the Act was doubly resented in Cornwall because the Prayer Book was in English only and most 3928: 2126: 2938:

Mills, Jon (2010) Genocide and Ethnocide: The Suppression of the Cornish Language. In: Interfaces in Language. Cambridge Scholars, pp. 189–206.

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David Dumville: Britons and Anglo Saxons in the Early Middle Ages : The West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List and the chronology of Wessex

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from a pre-existing shared Brittonic oral tradition. Earl Brian defeated a second raid in the southwest of England, launched from Ireland by

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and the largest landholder in England after the king. Some land was held by King William and by existing monasteries – the remainder by the

3743: 3245: 3640: 922: 1154:. This was the last recorded battle between Cornwall and Wessex, and possibly resulted in the loss of Cornish independence. In 875, the 2994: 3982: 411:

By the middle of the ninth century, Cornwall had fallen under the control of Wessex, but it kept its own culture. In 1337, the title

555:

of this period exist in Cornwall and prehistoric remains in general are more numerous in Cornwall than in any English county except

1512:

Much of the land in Cornwall was seized and transferred into the hands of a new Norman aristocracy, with the lion's share going to

415:

was created by the English monarchy, to be held by the king's eldest son and heir. Cornwall, along with the neighbouring county of

2000:

suffix has been attached to several of these, notably: the first three formed Triggshire; East and West appear to be divisions of

909:

have been found in Cornwall; two have been recovered from around Tintagel in the north, one at Mynheer Farm near the hill fort at

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The early organisation and affiliations of the Church in Cornwall are unclear, but in the mid-9th century it was led by a Bishop

2407: 1509:'s sons in 1069. Brian was granted lands in Cornwall but by 1072 he had probably returned to Brittany: he died without issue. 1296: 5062: 5057: 3784: 3660: 3542: 3511: 3463: 3431: 3154: 3120: 3064:

The name Launceston belonged in Anglo-Saxon times to St Stephen's by Launceston (lan stefan tun) where there was a monastery.

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Cornwall was, it may reasonably be concluded that the land in question was "West Wales" (i.e. Cornwall), not "North Wales".

504: 136: 713:, and after travelling overland for about thirty days, they finally bring their loads on horses to the mouth of the Rhône. 17: 2653:

Excavations at Tintagel Castle, Cornwall, 1990–1999, R Barrowman, C Batey, C Morris, Society of Antiquities, London 2007

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reached Britain, permitting greater scope of agriculture through the use of new iron ploughs and axes. The building of

3106: 1476:, a survivor of the Cornish royal line, was kept as the first Earl of Cornwall by William the Conqueror following the 639: 4935: 4929: 4291: 3692: 3575: 3563: 3485: 3037: 2943: 2549: 2394: 2360: 2334: 2281: 2121: 1730: 288: 1419:

The chronology of English expansion into Cornwall is unclear, but it had been absorbed into England by the reign of

3736: 2070: 1925:, and as the Cornish people were readily involved in mining, a rift developed between the Cornish people and their 1129:

However, according to John Reuben Davies, Dumnonia ceased to exist around the beginning of the ninth century, but:

1066:

in Cornwall. The Breton language is closer to Cornish than to Welsh, showing the close contacts between the areas.

810:. Given the geographical separation between the three tribes known as Cornovii–the third being found in modern-day 357: 2590: 4324: 3972: 3923: 3823: 3806: 3716: 427:

most vestiges of Cornish autonomy had been removed as England became an increasingly centralised state under the

233: 2182: 5017: 4567: 4530: 4384: 4002: 3997: 3967: 3794: 65: 1261:, and beyond. According to tradition the area was evangelised in the 5th and 6th centuries by the children of 659:. During broadly the same time (900 to 500 BCE), Celtic cultures and peoples spread across the British Isles. 4414: 4131: 3669: 2464: 2042:

the 1830s, two factors were established to have combined to make smuggling less worthwhile – improvements in

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In 1013 Wessex was conquered by a Danish army under the leadership of the Viking leader and King of Denmark

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to places such as the Americas, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa where their skills were in demand.

1851: 281: 248: 39: 1614:

Norman absentee landlords became replaced by a new Cornish-Norman ruling class including scholars such as

1555:, but each time their line soon died out and the title lapsed until revived for a new appointee. In 1336, 897: 5007: 4960: 4191: 3760: 3729: 3263: 2327:

Tin in antiquity: its mining and trade throughout the ancient world with particular reference to Cornwall

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but boundaries were altered in 1875 when five more deaneries were created (from December 1876 all in the

1893:

In 2019, Canadian mining company, Strongbow Exploration announced it was looking to resume tin mining at

1807:

to strike the Cornish coast at around 14:00. The epicentre was approximately 250 miles (400 km) off

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Todd, Malcolm (1987). The South West to AD 1000. A Regional History of England. Longman. pp. 203, 217.

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had been able to go hunting in Cornwall a decade earlier suggesting Dungarth was likely an under-king.

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south-west. The reason for this was that Cornwall's rights and privileges were tied up with the royal

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History of Cornwall, 2nd edition. Main text same as 1959 edition but with afterword by Halliday's son

1690: 1678: 1653: 1622:, Breton-Cornish, Latin, and eventually English, with many becoming involved in the operation of the 1615: 495: 432: 1539:

says four centuries later. Four Norman castles were built in east Cornwall at different periods, at

4982: 4379: 4251: 4236: 4146: 4141: 4023: 3680: 1910: 1855: 1556: 1513: 1368: 1240: 1175: 443: 4256: 4171: 4046: 3864: 2541: 2411: 1914: 1736: 1151: 1007: 798: 675: 3242: 2004:; Powdershire and Pydarshire. The old names of Kerrier and Penwith have been re-used for modern 1079:

peoples. Atlantic Brythons were often recorded in alliance with Scandinavian forces such as the

906: 697:(c. 90 BCE – c. 30 BCE), supposedly quoting or paraphrasing the 4th-century BCE geographer 4506: 4434: 4304: 4266: 4211: 4111: 3987: 3828: 3526: 3102: 2603: 1800: 1701: 1424: 1270: 1119: 926: 385: 1375:

to cover the whole of Cornwall, which seems to have been initially subordinated to the see of

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records that in 825 the Cornish fought the men of Devon. In 838 the Cornish in alliance with

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By the time that Classical written sources appear, Cornwall was inhabited by tribes speaking

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Laviolette, Patrick (July 2003). "Landscaping Death: Resting Places for Cornish Identity".

2891: 2722: 2005: 1953: 1770: 1682: 1517: 1420: 918: 516: 490: 3361: 2069:, was formed in 1951 to attempt to serve the interests of Cornwall and to support greater 2058:

A revival of interest in Cornish studies began in the early 20th century with the work of

1058:

via the West Atlantic trade network, and there is exceptional archaeological evidence for

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that granted some local control over its most important product, tin, but by the time of

253: 4725: 4715: 4610: 4444: 4374: 4319: 4314: 4241: 4216: 4186: 4081: 4056: 4018: 3977: 3874: 3752: 3625: 2174: 2030: 1961: 1957: 1843: 1831:, claimed that "great loss of life and property occurred upon the coasts of Cornwall". 1658: 1571: 1529: 1498: 1473: 1381: 1337: 1290: 1171: 1094:

In the early eighth century, Cornwall was probably a sub-division of Dumnonia, and the

938: 910: 580: 238: 90: 3315: 4992: 4872: 4710: 4499: 4394: 4359: 4246: 4176: 4101: 4096: 3859: 3789: 3688: 3656: 3607: 3571: 3559: 3538: 3507: 3481: 3459: 3427: 3150: 3116: 3033: 2974: 2939: 2545: 2444: 2390: 2356: 2330: 2277: 2009: 1989: 1985: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1827:. The same effect was reported at St Ives and Hayle. The 18th-century French writer, 1742: 1721: 1627: 1540: 1536: 1535:

Robert became Earl in succession to Brian; nothing is known of Cadoc apart from what

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history, in particular the early Welsh and Breton references to a Cornish King named

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By the end of the 18th century, Cornwall was administered as an integral part of the

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was established in 1888. As Cornwall's reserves of tin began to be exhausted, many

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for the south-west tip of the island of Britain, but the late-Roman source for the

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Davies, John Reuben (2013). "Wales and West Britain". In Stafford, Pauline (ed.).

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The Trethevy stone can be dated c. 252 as both Caesars died in the following year.

2488: 1618:. These families eventually became the new rulers of Cornwall, typically speaking 1332:'s will the amount of land he owned in Cornwall was very small. West of the Tamar 1214:, styled himself 'King of the English and ruler of this province of the Britons'. 1050:

Dumnonia had close cultural contacts with Christian Ireland, Wales, Romano-Celtic

946: 544:. There is substantial evidence of occupation by hunter gatherers in this period. 4705: 4547: 4464: 4156: 3962: 3842: 3811: 3522: 3499: 3417:. Translated by Philemon Holland. A hypertext critical edition by Dana F. Sutton. 3394: 3322: 3249: 2495: 2438: 2108: 1808: 1725:

Maps of territory held by Royalists (red) and Parliamentarians (green), 1642–1645

1603:

was a Cornish cleric instrumental in translation of the Bible into English under

1575: 1525: 1465: 1440: 1409: 1305: 1115: 1088: 981: 471: 329: 271: 3400: 2229:"Groundbreaking study: Ancient tin ingots found in Israel were mined in England" 1921:

Industrialised communities have long appeared to weaken the pre-eminence of the

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This was probably the Hingston Down in east Cornwall, although there is also a

2306: 1946: 1934: 1709: 1563:, a title that has been awarded to the eldest son of the Sovereign since 1421. 1401: 1218: 887: 667: 625: 613: 467: 3276: 3017:

Tristan and Iseult Twelfth Century Romance by Beroul retold from Norman French

2874: 2377: 729: 5046: 4902: 4817: 4787: 3903: 3898: 3854: 3774: 3551: 2956: 2256: 2066: 1648: 1619: 1608: 1604: 1341: 1105: 867: 851: 845: 803: 541: 462:. Decline of mining in Cornwall resulted in mass emigration overseas and the 428: 345: 3643:) (3rd ed. Penzance: W. Cornish, 1872) (facsimile ed. reproducing 1856 ed.: 2080:

There have been some developments in the recognition of Cornish identity or

1118:"among the Cornishmen" was won by the Britons. In the view of the historian 589: 4882: 4852: 4842: 4832: 4827: 4807: 4802: 4777: 3886: 3837: 3599: 3530: 3504:

Alfred the Great:Asser's Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources

3495: 3473: 3185: 2741: 2630:"Flying Past – The Historic Environment of Cornwall: Continuity and Change" 2059: 1949:. Methodist separation from the Church of England was made formal in 1795. 1894: 1866: 1839: 1623: 1600: 1594: 1567: 1493: 1328:. Eventually they passed these over to Wessex kings. However, according to 1059: 621: 533: 420: 404:, the remaining territory of Cornwall came into conflict with neighbouring 381: 174: 1190: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4812: 4797: 4782: 4772: 4650: 3891: 3585: 3169: 2566:"Mynheer Farm – Self Catering Holidays in Cornwall – The Roman Milestone" 2043: 2038: 2034: 1977: 1942: 1887: 1850:

At one time the Cornish were the world's foremost experts of mining (See

1774: 1278: 1274: 1202: 1198: 1018: 958: 862:, Lostwithiel (discovered 2007) and a fort near to St Andrew's Church in 818: 341: 1681:

originated among Cornish tin miners who opposed the raising of taxes by

585: 4837: 4742: 4695: 4685: 4595: 3611: 2001: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1761: 1321: 1317: 1254: 1011: 942: 855: 609: 568: 551:

times (Palaeolithic remains are almost non-existent in Cornwall). Many

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A Companion to the Early Middle Ages: Britain and Ireland c.500-c.1100

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coast, over 1,000 miles (1,600 km) south west of the Lizard. At

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It has been claimed as one of the great ironies of history that three

1578:—the college established by the Bishop of Exeter in the 13th century. 1003: 693:

The first account of Cornwall comes from the Sicilian Greek historian

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times and burned the Duchy archives. In 1645 Cornish Royalist leader

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The English name, Cornwall, comes from the Celtic name, to which the

811: 742: 652: 556: 548: 455: 2465:"Roman Fort Discovered – Were The Romans Using Cornish Silver?" 1502: 1030: 858:

was discovered in early 1970s, the other two found more recently at

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served, in Roman times, as a convenient conduit for trade between

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Wales", to distinguish it from "North Wales" (modern-day Wales).

698: 564: 1371:. In the 920s or 930s King Athelstan established a bishopric at 1142:

of Wessex ravaged Cornwall "from the east to the west", and the

686:, eventually developed into several distinct tongues, including 4660: 4585: 2790: 2788: 2085: 2047: 1993: 1913:

of St. Columb. This coincided with the larger and better-known

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the native socio-economic system simply continued unhindered".

891: 778:(meaning Fort). This appears to indicate that the tribe of the 617: 593: 560: 486: 405: 3442: 2089:

Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

2062:

and the building of links with the other five Celtic nations.

1566:

A popular Cornish literature, centred on the religious-themed

1396: 1316:

or Pillaton in east Cornwall); perhaps Celliwig (Kellywick in

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Cornwall, Connectivity and Identity in the Fourteenth Century

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Ancient Crosses and Other Antiquities in the West of Cornwall

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Ancient Crosses and Other Antiquities in the East of Cornwall

1997: 1757: 1461: 1444: 1266: 1126:, king of Wessex, fought against the Cornish in 743 and 753. 1080: 954: 866:(discovered early in 2007). A Roman style villa was found at 671: 601: 416: 393: 373: 2785: 1700:

of 1549. Much of south-western Britain rebelled against the

1257:

spread from Ireland, Wales and Scotland into Great Britain,

454:

brought huge change to Cornwall, as well as the adoption of

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The first centuries after the Romans left are known as the

962: 710: 3639:(1856), 2nd edition 1858. (A reprint is offered online at 3291:"Strongbow reviving age-old Cornwall tin mining tradition" 396:

as well as southern Ireland, which neighboured across the

2510:"Romans 'may have settled as far south-west as Cornwall'" 1879: 1384:, and in 1050, they were merged to become the diocese of 605: 1941:

was introduced to Cornwall during a series of visits by

1900: 1704:, which introduced the obligatory use of the Protestant 828:

In pre-Roman times, Cornwall was part of the kingdom of

789:

The tribal name is therefore likely to be the origin of

388:

leaders and continued to have a close relationship with

332:

has welcome sign in several languages, including Cornish

3535:

The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England

1074:

The early kings of Wessex are notable for the possible

1014:

to Dungarth, the last recorded King of Cornwall 875 CE.

774:, the first part of which seems to be a misspelling of 592:("The holed stone"), an Early Bronze Age monument near 3936:

Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)

3101: 2218:. "Introduction: Prehistory," pp. 25–29. Penguin Books 901:

The Roman milestone in St Materiana's Church, Tintagel

2934: 2932: 536:, but people returned around 10,000 years ago in the 348:. When recorded history started in the first century 2647: 2098: 1404:, Wales and Cornwall fell outside his British realms 1355:, a location which has sometimes been identified as 1189:, writing around 1120, says that in about 927, King 3941:

Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)

3354: 1937:or non-religious until the late 18th century, when 1773:his base and he stationed Cornish troops along the 1611:relating to the geography and culture of Cornwall. 1450: 532:Cornwall was only sporadically occupied during the 3362:"Cornish people granted minority status within UK" 3243:Sources of Cornish History – The Lisbon Earthquake 3032:. London: Routledge (published 2013). p. 52. 2929: 2508: 1367:, bringing Cornwall under the jurisdiction of the 992: 3537:(2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell. 3399:. An online translation is also available at the 5044: 2806: 2804: 2690:; Bernard Medrignac, Éditions Ouest France, 2009 2127:List of Cornish soldiers, commanders and sailors 1929:clergy in the early 18th century. Resisting the 1716: 770:(compiled about 700 CE) introduces a place-name 431:. Conflicts with the centre took place with the 3421: 2161: 1423:(1042–1066), when it apparently formed part of 882:became a flourishing provincial capital of the 705:The inhabitants of that part of Britain called 559:. The remains are of various kinds and include 384:rule, Cornwall reverted to rule by independent 3699:with several subsequent editions and reprints. 3647:; Penzance : Oakmagic Publications, 1997) 1741:Cornwall played a significant role during the 1340:region, plus a few other small estates around 969:) and the western parts of the British Isles. 832:, and was later known to the Anglo-Saxons as " 758:. The ancient Greeks and Romans used the name 733:A map of inscription stones, with and without 368:was part of the territory of the tribe of the 4507: 3737: 3494: 3480:. Thirsk, North Yorkshire: House of Stratus. 2922:Williams, Ann and Martin, G. H. (tr.) (2002) 2801: 2341:pp.123–131 (Chapter 21 "The Phoenician myth") 1834: 1197:and fixed Cornwall's eastern boundary at the 458:among the general populace, turning the area 289: 3440: 3397:(2nd ed.). London: Phoenix Press. 2000. 2324: 2046:which lead to capture, and the reduction of 3715:, a peer-reviewed journal published by the 3138: 2960: 2674: 2672: 2313:. London: Methuen & Co. BNBNo.b5007301. 1492:, and naming evidence cited by medievalist 1069: 797:used for Cornwall in the Cornish language. 666:Cornwall, like all of Britain south of the 489:, have featured in such legendary works as 4514: 4500: 3744: 3730: 3260: 2053: 1781: 1637: 723:Iron Age Celtic tribes of Southern Britain 296: 282: 3983:History of monarchy in the United Kingdom 2162:Berridge, Peter; Roberts, Alison (1986). 929:bears an inscription to Imperator Caesar 643:A map of camps and earthworks in Cornwall 608:, which was mined extensively during the 499:, predating the Arthurian legends of the 3203:The Great Civil War, a military history. 3201:Burne, A. H. & Young, Peter (1959) 3076:"Excavations at Glasney College, Penryn" 2969:(Revised and Updated ed.). Exeter: 2737: 2735: 2669: 2535: 2443:. University of Wales Press. p. 4. 2305: 2252: 2250: 1838: 1785: 1720: 1652: 1460: 1395: 1363:. Kenstec acknowledged the authority of 1295: 1150:were defeated by the West Saxons at the 1029: 1017: 1002: 923:St Hilary's Church, St Hilary (Cornwall) 896: 728: 716: 638: 584: 323: 315: 307: 3108:The Cornish language and its literature 3055:, tr. Williams and Martin, pp. 341–357. 3027: 2818: 2816: 2774: 2772: 2350: 2200:The Archaeology of Cornwall and Scilly. 1626:system, the Earldom and eventually the 620:from copper, and by about 1600 BCE the 446:along with the rest of England and the 14: 5045: 3751: 3570:, Fowey: Cornwall Editions Ltd, 2004 3453: 3405: 3345: 3144: 2955: 2829: 2436: 1905:Cornwall and Devon were the site of a 1062:trading contacts at the stronghold of 312:Boscawen-Un stone circle looking north 4495: 3725: 3650: 3520: 2924:Domesday Book: a complete translation 2756: 2732: 2688:La Bretagne; des origines à nos jours 2247: 1901:Politics, religion and administration 1234: 1193:of England expelled the Cornish from 1087:in Brittany, up to the period of the 937:is inscribed to the Imperial Caesars 510: 3679: 3598: 3521:Padel, O. J. (2014). "Cornwall". In 3073: 2847: 2813: 2810:Davies, "Wales and the West", p. 343 2769: 2712:Davies, "Wales and the West", p. 341 2517:from the original on 12 January 2022 1933:, many ordinary Cornish people were 1589:back from the verge of extinction – 505:list of legendary rulers of Cornwall 474:which resulted in the beginnings of 2753:Davies, "Wales and the West" p. 342 2355:. Stroud, Glos: Tempus Publishing. 2329:. London: The Institute of Metals. 2164:"The Mesolithic Period in Cornwall" 2077:has been accredited to this party. 2019: 1570:, emerged in the 14th century (see 1391: 1104:, king of Dumnonia, fought against 24: 5031:Index of Cornwall-related articles 4751:List of civil parishes in Cornwall 3993:History of the politics of England 3619: 1767:Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet 1674:(in England and Cornwall) ceased. 25: 5074: 3988:History of the economy of England 3703: 2383: 2122:Constitutional status of Cornwall 1731:Cornwall in the English Civil War 1304:, AD 873–888 (11th-century copy, 839: 450:had gone into steep decline. The 27:County in England, United Kingdom 4523: 4476: 3422:Charles-Edwards, Thomas (2013). 3411:"Britans of Wales and Cornewale" 3030:Campaigns of the Norman Conquest 2604:Roman Milestones near Nanstallon 2593:. Roman Inscriptions of Britain. 2525:– via www.telegraph.co.uk. 2101: 1799:On 1 November 1755 at 09:40 the 1696:The Cornish also rose up in the 1451:Post Norman conquest (1066–1485) 265: 64: 58: 4978:Population of major settlements 3973:History of education in England 3717:Cornwall Archaeological Society 3339: 3327: 3305: 3283: 3254: 3232: 3220: 3207: 3195: 3179: 3163: 3129: 3095: 3067: 3058: 3046: 3021: 3009: 2987: 2949: 2926:, London: Penguin, pp. 341–357. 2916: 2897: 2880: 2867: 2841: 2747: 2715: 2706: 2693: 2681: 2656: 2622: 2609: 2597: 2583: 2558: 2529: 2501: 2482: 2457: 2430: 2414:. 6 August 2009. Archived from 2400: 2370: 2344: 2325:Penhallurick, Roger D. (1986). 1823:and 10 ft (3.0 m) at 1794: 1336:only owned a small area in the 1170:(c.833-c.870) became the first 993:Post-Roman and Medieval periods 917:, one of which is preserved at 741:Claims have been made that the 4568:Council of the Isles of Scilly 3968:Government in medieval England 3670:Elliott-Binns, Leonard Elliott 3558:; Fowey: Alexander Associates 3443:"Home Page - Cornwall Council" 3424:Wales and the Britons 350–1064 3215:History of the Great Civil War 2489:Roman-British Villa Magor Farm 2353:The early British tin industry 2318: 2299: 2287: 2266: 2221: 2205: 2192: 2155: 1293:are named in various records. 612:by people associated with the 596:, in the far west of Cornwall. 466:, as well as the start of the 356:, and that would develop into 13: 1: 3472: 3379: 2498:, Illogan, Redruth, Cornwall. 2440:A Concise History of Cornwall 2408:"Overview of Cornish History" 2293: 1717:English Civil War (1642–1649) 1524:, and a single manor each by 1468:: part of ruined curtain wall 1178:, and in the same period the 1076:prevalence of Brythonic names 701:, who had sailed to Britain: 574: 5063:History of England by county 5058:Military history of Cornwall 3958:English overseas possessions 3350:. Grafton Books. p. 87. 3311: 3293:. Mining Journal. 9 May 2019 3238: 3192:. University of Exeter Press 2886:Shepherd, William R. (1911) 2725:in Devon. (Charles-Edwards, 2634:www.historic-cornwall.org.uk 2144:History of the British Isles 1852:Mining in Cornwall and Devon 1642: 1174:to profess obedience to the 527: 7: 3635:Blight, John Thomas (1856) 3426:. Oxford University Press. 3264:Journal of Material Culture 2997:. Welshjournals.llgc.org.uk 2617:Les Origines de la Bretagne 2263:Fowey: Alexander Associates 2198:Hencken, H. O'Neill (1932) 2132:List of museums in Cornwall 2117:Timeline of Cornish history 2094: 2029:and tobacco, imported from 1324:(formally Kellywick)); and 749: 634: 616:. Tin is necessary to make 170:Cornish Stannary Parliament 10: 5079: 3785:Economy in the Middle Ages 3685:In Search of the Dark Ages 3676:. London: Methuen & Co 3604:The South West to A.D.1000 3149:. Macmillan. p. 497. 2971:University of Exeter Press 2824:The South West to AD 1000, 2778:Keynes & Lapidge eds, 2006:local government districts 1907:Jacobite rebellion in 1715 1835:Developments in tin mining 1734: 1728: 1646: 1486:Eudes, Count of Penthièvre 1478:Norman conquest of England 1457:Norman conquest of England 1454: 1308:Stowe MS 944, ff. 29v–33r) 1238: 996: 974:Chysauster Ancient Village 852:Roman dominance in Britain 843: 600:Cornwall and neighbouring 578: 520: 514: 478:in the late 20th century. 352:, the spoken language was 4918: 4760: 4576: 4555: 4544: 4473: 4290: 4037: 4011: 3950: 3759: 3568:Cornwall : a history 3533:; Scragg, Donald (eds.). 3277:10.1177/13591835030082005 3248:30 September 2007 at the 3228:The Cromwellian Gazetteer 3135:Payton (2004), chapter 5. 3028:Bennett, Matthew (2001). 1691:Battle of Deptford Bridge 1679:Cornish Rebellion of 1497 1616:Richard Rufus of Cornwall 1528:and Gotshelm (brother of 1162:of Cornwall drowned, yet 933:, and the other stone at 496:Historia Regum Britanniae 433:Cornish Rebellion of 1497 372:that included modern-day 198:Proposed Cornish Assembly 4107:East Riding of Yorkshire 4024:Kingdom of Great Britain 3655:. Boydell & Brewer. 3645:Blight's Cornish Crosses 3385: 3346:Digest, Readers (1989). 3336:(1925). Truro: Blackford 2904: 2877:at the Electronic Sawyer 2536:Cunliffe, Barry (2018). 2494:25 February 2008 at the 2437:Deacon, Bernard (2007). 2149: 1634:continued to be spoken. 1557:Edward, the Black Prince 1514:Robert, Count of Mortain 1369:Archbishop of Canterbury 1241:Christianity in Cornwall 1176:Archbishop of Canterbury 1114:states that in 722, the 1070:Relationship with Wessex 980:in West Penwith and the 972:Archaeological sites at 444:Kingdom of Great Britain 400:. After the collapse of 320:Ruin of Cornish tin mine 3595:. London: Jonathan Cape 3321:8 February 2007 at the 3312:Cornwall County Council 3213:Gardiner, S. R. (1888) 3145:Davies, Norman (2000). 3015:E. M. R. Ditmas (1969) 2995:"Welsh Journals Online" 2854:Cornwall Heritage Trust 2850:"The Age of the Saints" 2542:Oxford University Press 2412:Cornwall County Council 2351:Gerrard, Sandy (2000). 2272:Halliday, F. E. (1959) 2054:20th and 21st centuries 1952:In 1841 there were ten 1865:There is only one mine 1790:A 1783 map of Cornwall. 1782:18th and 19th centuries 1737:First English Civil War 1638:Tudor and Stuart period 1585:Cornishmen brought the 1501:cycle by poets such as 1152:Battle of Hingston Down 913:, another two close to 655:also peaked during the 540:, after the end of the 3829:Black Death in England 3710:Volumes 1–54 of 3474:Halliday, Frank Ernest 3103:Peter Berresford Ellis 2961: 2615:Fleuriot, Léon (1982) 1847: 1791: 1726: 1702:Act of Uniformity 1549 1662: 1597:and Richard Pencrych. 1469: 1405: 1309: 1120:Thomas Charles-Edwards 1108:, king of Wessex. The 1039: 1027: 1015: 985:known in Cornwall as " 927:Tintagel Parish Church 902: 825:"foreigner" is added. 738: 726: 715: 644: 604:had large reserves of 597: 358:Southwestern Brittonic 333: 321: 313: 3651:Drake, S. J. (2019). 3578:(Available online on 3389:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 3348:Around Island Britain 2905:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 2796:Wales and the Britons 2764:Wales and the Britons 2727:Wales and the Britons 2701:Wales and the Britons 2664:Wales and the Britons 2619:. Paris: Payot; p. 18 2591:"St. Hilary's Church" 2570:www.mynheerfarm.co.uk 2274:A History of Cornwall 1842: 1789: 1724: 1706:Book of Common Prayer 1698:Prayer Book Rebellion 1672:in Anglia et Cornubia 1657:Atlas of Cornwall by 1656: 1647:Further information: 1464: 1455:Further information: 1399: 1299: 1187:William of Malmesbury 1144:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1100:records that in 710, 1097:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1033: 1021: 1006: 997:Further information: 900: 844:Further information: 732: 720: 703: 642: 588: 452:Industrial Revolution 437:Prayer Book Rebellion 421:Stannary institutions 327: 319: 311: 3364:. BBC. 24 April 2014 3334:Cornish Church Guide 3226:Gaunt, Peter (1987) 3147:The Isles: A History 2378:Ancient History page 2276:. London: Duckworth 2261:Cornwall: A History. 2188:on 28 February 2019. 1954:hundreds of Cornwall 1860:Cornishmen emigrated 1421:Edward the Confessor 1026:around the year 800. 1008:King Doniert's Stone 919:Breage Parish Church 682:spoken at the time, 517:Prehistoric Cornwall 491:Geoffrey of Monmouth 380:. After a period of 5053:History of Cornwall 5024:Outline of Cornwall 4579:(cities in italics) 4556:Unitary authorities 3880:Glorious Revolution 3848:English Renaissance 3800:English unification 3770:Prehistoric Britain 3712:Cornish Archaeology 3626:Blight, John Thomas 3458:. Wiley-Blackwell. 3447:www.cornwall.gov.uk 3084:Cornish Archaeology 3074:Cole, Dick (2016). 2967:Cornwall: A History 2307:Kendrick, Thomas D. 2235:. 16 September 2019 2233:The Times of Israel 2171:Cornish Archaeology 2065:A political party, 2050:on imported goods. 2044:coastguard services 1915:"Fifteen Rebellion" 1624:Stannary Parliament 1472:Legend has it that 1263:Brychan Brycheiniog 1253:, and a revival of 1251:Celtic Christianity 1180:bishop of Sherborne 850:During the time of 808:Cornwall: A History 768:Ravenna Cosmography 670:, was inhabited by 647:Around 750 BCE the 476:Cornish nationalism 338:history of Cornwall 272:Cornwall portal 86:History of Cornwall 18:Kingdom of Cornwall 5018:Places of interest 4716:St Just in Penwith 4483:England portal 4132:Greater Manchester 4019:Kingdom of England 3978:History of English 3795:Anglo-Saxon period 3753:History of England 3641:Men-an-Tol Studios 3566:. Revised edition 3441:Cornwall Council. 3279:– via JSTOR. 2962:Anglia et Cornubia 2031:Continental Europe 1931:established church 1890:status by the EU. 1848: 1844:Richard Trevithick 1817:St Michael's Mount 1792: 1727: 1663: 1659:Christopher Saxton 1572:Cornish literature 1530:Walter de Claville 1516:, half-brother of 1499:Tristan and Iseult 1470: 1406: 1310: 1289:and sporadically, 1235:The Cornish Church 1221:wrote in his book 1172:bishop of Cornwall 1040: 1028: 1016: 939:Trebonianus Gallus 915:St Michael's Mount 911:Carn Brea, Redruth 903: 739: 735:Ogham inscriptions 727: 645: 598: 581:Cornish Bronze Age 511:Pre-Roman Cornwall 334: 322: 314: 254:Geological history 239:Cornish literature 131:Rulers (or titles) 91:Cornish devolution 5040: 5039: 4577:Major settlements 4531:Ceremonial county 4489: 4488: 3860:English Civil War 3790:Sub-Roman Britain 3674:Medieval Cornwall 3662:978-1-78327-469-7 3544:978-0-470-65632-7 3513:978-0-14-044409-4 3506:. Penguin Books. 3465:978-1-118-42513-8 3433:978-0-19-821731-2 3316:Cornish Methodism 3156:978-0-333-69283-7 3122:978-0-7100-7928-2 2980:978-0-85989-232-2 2892:Dominions of Cnut 2888:Historical Atlas. 2794:Charles-Edwards, 2762:Charles-Edwards, 2699:Charles-Edwards, 2662:Charles-Edwards, 2538:The Ancient Celts 2450:978-0-7083-2032-7 2311:British antiquity 2212:Pevsner, Nikolaus 2010:Diocese of Exeter 1923:Church of England 1801:Lisbon earthquake 1752:in the generally 1743:English Civil War 1628:Duchy of Cornwall 1537:William Worcester 1526:Judhael of Totnes 1482:Brian of Brittany 1359:and sometimes as 1247:Age of the Saints 1158:record that king 999:Sub-Roman Britain 501:Matter of Britain 340:goes back to the 306: 305: 187:Modern governance 16:(Redirected from 5070: 4563:Cornwall Council 4539: 4533: 4528: 4527: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4192:Northamptonshire 3919:Second World War 3824:Late Middle Ages 3807:High Middle Ages 3746: 3739: 3732: 3723: 3722: 3698: 3666: 3615: 3548: 3523:Lapidge, Michael 3517: 3500:Lapidge, Michael 3491: 3469: 3450: 3437: 3418: 3398: 3395:Swanton, Michael 3393:. Translated by 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3309: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3287: 3281: 3280: 3258: 3252: 3239:Cornwall Council 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3183: 3177: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3142: 3136: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3080: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3002: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2964: 2953: 2947: 2936: 2927: 2920: 2914: 2910:Brythonic people 2901: 2895: 2884: 2878: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2845: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2820: 2811: 2808: 2799: 2792: 2783: 2780:Alfred the Great 2776: 2767: 2760: 2754: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2730: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2704: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2667: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2626: 2620: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2540:(2nd ed.). 2533: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2513:. 22 June 2010. 2512: 2505: 2499: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2469:culture24.org.uk 2461: 2455: 2454: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2418:on 11 March 2014 2404: 2398: 2387: 2381: 2374: 2368: 2366: 2348: 2342: 2340: 2322: 2316: 2314: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2270: 2264: 2254: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2225: 2219: 2209: 2203: 2202:London: Methuen. 2196: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2181:. Archived from 2168: 2159: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2075:Flag of St Piran 2020:Smuggling heyday 2014:Diocese of Truro 1846:'s steam engine. 1829:Arnold Boscowitz 1632:Cornish language 1591:John of Cornwall 1587:English language 1583:Cornish-speaking 1561:Duke of Cornwall 1553:Earl of Cornwall 1522:Bishop of Exeter 1490:Earl of Cornwall 1437:Cornish language 1414:Canute the Great 1392:The 11th century 1351:with his see at 1334:Alfred the Great 1330:Alfred the Great 1302:Alfred the Great 1217:The antiquarian 1164:Alfred the Great 1156:Annales Cambriae 1111:Annales Cambriae 907:Roman milestones 880:Isca Dumnoniorum 860:Restormel Castle 756:Celtic languages 695:Diodorus Siculus 684:Common Brittonic 664:British Iron Age 657:British Iron Age 464:Cornish diaspora 448:Cornish language 413:Duke of Cornwall 362:Cornish language 354:Common Brittonic 298: 291: 284: 270: 269: 268: 234:Cornish language 193:Cornwall Council 147:Duke of Cornwall 142:King of Cornwall 137:Legendary rulers 103:Medieval kingdom 68: 62: 52: 34: 33: 21: 5078: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5068: 5067: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5013:Hundreds/shires 4961:Flora and fauna 4914: 4756: 4745: 4706:St Columb Major 4578: 4572: 4551: 4548:Cornwall Portal 4540: 4535: 4529: 4522: 4520: 4490: 4485: 4477: 4475: 4469: 4292:By city or town 4286: 4232:South Yorkshire 4207:Nottinghamshire 4202:North Yorkshire 4122:Gloucestershire 4062:Buckinghamshire 4057:City of Bristol 4033: 4007: 3963:English society 3946: 3945: 3924:Postwar Britain 3914:Interwar period 3909:First World War 3843:Elizabethan era 3812:Norman Conquest 3780:Medieval period 3755: 3750: 3706: 3695: 3663: 3622: 3620:Further reading 3545: 3514: 3502:, eds. (1983). 3488: 3466: 3434: 3407:Camden, William 3401:Avalon Project. 3382: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3344: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3323:Wayback Machine 3310: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3259: 3255: 3250:Wayback Machine 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3184: 3180: 3174:Tudor Cornwall. 3168: 3164: 3157: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3130: 3123: 3100: 3096: 3078: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3051: 3047: 3040: 3026: 3022: 3014: 3010: 3000: 2998: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2954: 2950: 2937: 2930: 2921: 2917: 2902: 2898: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2802: 2793: 2786: 2777: 2770: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2740: 2733: 2720: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2698: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2670: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2614: 2610: 2602: 2598: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2552: 2544:. p. 381. 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2496:Wayback Machine 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2435: 2431: 2421: 2419: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2388: 2384: 2376:Cornwall Guide 2375: 2371: 2363: 2349: 2345: 2337: 2323: 2319: 2304: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2271: 2267: 2255: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2227: 2226: 2222: 2210: 2206: 2197: 2193: 2185: 2166: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2109:Cornwall portal 2107: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2071:self-government 2056: 2022: 1974:West Wivelshire 1903: 1856:School of Mines 1837: 1809:Cape St Vincent 1797: 1784: 1754:Parliamentarian 1739: 1733: 1719: 1685:to make war on 1651: 1645: 1640: 1601:John of Trevisa 1576:Glasney College 1574:) based around 1466:Tintagel Castle 1459: 1453: 1410:Sweyn Forkbeard 1400:At the time of 1394: 1306:British Library 1291:Cornish bishops 1243: 1237: 1116:Battle of Hehil 1089:Norman Conquest 1072: 1034:West Wales and 1022:The kingdom of 1001: 995: 982:Isles of Scilly 945:. According to 925:. The stone at 848: 842: 752: 680:Celtic language 637: 583: 577: 530: 525: 519: 513: 472:Cornish revival 330:Truro Cathedral 302: 266: 264: 259: 258: 229: 221: 220: 211: 203: 202: 188: 180: 179: 165: 157: 156: 152:Feudal Baronies 132: 124: 123: 104: 96: 95: 76: 63: 50: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5076: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5027: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4988:Notable people 4985: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4912: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4740: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4545: 4542: 4541: 4519: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4496: 4487: 4486: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4296: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4282:Worcestershire 4279: 4274: 4272:West Yorkshire 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4197:Northumberland 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4177:City of London 4174: 4169: 4167:Leicestershire 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4127:Greater London 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4067:Cambridgeshire 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4043: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4031: 4029:United Kingdom 4026: 4021: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3954: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3932: 3931: 3929:Social history 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3845: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3831: 3821: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3792: 3787: 3777: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3749: 3748: 3741: 3734: 3726: 3720: 3719: 3705: 3704:External links 3702: 3701: 3700: 3693: 3677: 3667: 3661: 3648: 3633: 3632:3rd ed. (1872) 3621: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3596: 3583: 3552:Payton, Philip 3549: 3543: 3518: 3512: 3492: 3486: 3470: 3464: 3451: 3438: 3432: 3419: 3403: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3353: 3338: 3326: 3304: 3282: 3253: 3231: 3219: 3206: 3194: 3178: 3162: 3155: 3137: 3128: 3121: 3115:. p. 48. 3094: 3066: 3057: 3045: 3038: 3020: 3008: 2986: 2979: 2957:Payton, Philip 2948: 2928: 2915: 2896: 2879: 2866: 2840: 2828: 2812: 2800: 2784: 2768: 2755: 2746: 2731: 2714: 2705: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2655: 2646: 2621: 2608: 2596: 2582: 2557: 2550: 2528: 2500: 2481: 2456: 2449: 2429: 2399: 2382: 2369: 2361: 2343: 2335: 2317: 2298: 2286: 2265: 2246: 2220: 2204: 2191: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2096: 2093: 2055: 2052: 2021: 2018: 1947:Charles Wesley 1935:Roman Catholic 1902: 1899: 1836: 1833: 1796: 1793: 1783: 1780: 1745:, as it was a 1735:Main article: 1729:Main article: 1718: 1715: 1710:Cornish people 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1488:, was created 1452: 1449: 1393: 1390: 1271:Cornish saints 1269:from Ireland. 1236: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1219:William Camden 1136: 1135: 1071: 1068: 994: 991: 888:Barry Cunliffe 841: 840:Roman Cornwall 838: 772:Puro coronavis 751: 748: 668:Firth of Forth 636: 633: 626:Wessex culture 614:Beaker culture 579:Main article: 576: 573: 529: 526: 515:Main article: 512: 509: 483:Early Medieval 468:Celtic Revival 386:Romano-British 304: 303: 301: 300: 293: 286: 278: 275: 274: 261: 260: 257: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 201: 200: 195: 189: 186: 185: 182: 181: 178: 177: 172: 166: 163: 162: 159: 158: 155: 154: 149: 144: 139: 133: 130: 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 116: 111: 105: 102: 101: 98: 97: 94: 93: 88: 83: 77: 74: 73: 70: 69: 55: 54: 45: 44: 37: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5075: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5033: 5032: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4972: 4971:List of farms 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3754: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3735: 3733: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3718: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3707: 3696: 3694:0-563-17835-3 3690: 3686: 3682: 3681:Wood, Michael 3678: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3624: 3623: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3600:Todd, Malcolm 3597: 3594: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3577: 3576:1-904880-00-2 3573: 3569: 3565: 3564:1-899526-60-9 3561: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3531:Keynes, Simon 3528: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3496:Keynes, Simon 3493: 3489: 3487:0-7551-0817-5 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3402: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3363: 3357: 3349: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3292: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3257: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3176:London: Cape. 3175: 3171: 3166: 3158: 3152: 3148: 3141: 3132: 3124: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3104: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3077: 3070: 3061: 3054: 3053:Domesday Book 3049: 3041: 3039:9781579583767 3035: 3031: 3024: 3018: 3012: 2996: 2990: 2982: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2952: 2945: 2944:9781443823999 2941: 2935: 2933: 2925: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2900: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2876: 2870: 2855: 2851: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2825: 2819: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2798:, pp. 22, 432 2797: 2791: 2789: 2781: 2775: 2773: 2765: 2759: 2750: 2743: 2738: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2723:Hingston Down 2718: 2709: 2702: 2696: 2689: 2684: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2659: 2650: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2618: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2592: 2586: 2571: 2567: 2561: 2553: 2551:9780198752929 2547: 2543: 2539: 2532: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2485: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2452: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2433: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2403: 2396: 2395:0-582-49274-2 2392: 2386: 2379: 2373: 2364: 2362:0-7524-1452-6 2358: 2354: 2347: 2338: 2336:0-904357-81-3 2332: 2328: 2321: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2295: 2290: 2283: 2282:1-84232-123-4 2279: 2275: 2269: 2262: 2258: 2257:Philip Payton 2253: 2251: 2234: 2230: 2224: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2201: 2195: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2165: 2158: 2154: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2099: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067:Mebyon Kernow 2063: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2048:excise duties 2045: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1911:James Paynter 1908: 1898: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1788: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1723: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1673: 1669: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1649:Tudor England 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620:Norman French 1617: 1612: 1610: 1609:Polychronicon 1606: 1605:John Wycliffe 1602: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1568:mystery plays 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1403: 1398: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1242: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1037: 1032: 1025: 1020: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1000: 990: 988: 983: 979: 975: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 947:Léon Fleuriot 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 921:, and one in 920: 916: 912: 908: 899: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 875: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 847: 846:Roman Britain 837: 835: 831: 826: 824: 820: 815: 813: 809: 805: 804:Philip Payton 800: 796: 792: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 747: 744: 736: 731: 724: 719: 714: 712: 708: 702: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 674:known as the 673: 669: 665: 660: 658: 654: 650: 641: 632: 629: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 595: 591: 587: 582: 572: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 545: 543: 539: 535: 524: 518: 508: 506: 502: 498: 497: 492: 488: 484: 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 460:nonconformist 457: 453: 449: 445: 440: 438: 434: 430: 429:Tudor dynasty 426: 422: 419:, maintained 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 376:and parts of 375: 371: 367: 363: 360:and then the 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 331: 326: 318: 310: 299: 294: 292: 287: 285: 280: 279: 277: 276: 273: 263: 262: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 244:Music history 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 225: 224: 217: 214: 213: 210:Local history 207: 206: 199: 196: 194: 191: 190: 184: 183: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 161: 160: 153: 150: 148: 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 134: 128: 127: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 106: 100: 99: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 78: 72: 71: 67: 61: 57: 56: 53: 47: 46: 41: 36: 35: 32: 30: 19: 5029: 5022: 4925: 4909:full list... 4907: 4749: 4746: 4735: 4546: 4325:Christchurch 4257:Warwickshire 4172:Lincolnshire 4076: 4047:Bedfordshire 3887:Georgian era 3870:Protectorate 3865:Commonwealth 3838:Tudor period 3711: 3684: 3673: 3652: 3644: 3636: 3629: 3603: 3589: 3586:Rowse, A. L. 3580:Google Books 3567: 3555: 3534: 3503: 3477: 3455: 3446: 3423: 3414: 3390: 3387: 3366:. Retrieved 3356: 3347: 3341: 3333: 3329: 3307: 3295:. Retrieved 3285: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3214: 3209: 3202: 3197: 3190:West Britons 3189: 3186:Stoyle, Mark 3181: 3173: 3170:Rowse, A. L. 3165: 3146: 3140: 3131: 3107: 3097: 3088: 3082: 3069: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3029: 3023: 3016: 3011: 2999:. Retrieved 2989: 2966: 2951: 2923: 2918: 2903: 2899: 2887: 2882: 2869: 2857:. Retrieved 2853: 2843: 2836: 2831: 2823: 2795: 2779: 2763: 2758: 2749: 2744:, "Cornwall" 2742:Oliver Padel 2726: 2717: 2708: 2700: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2663: 2658: 2649: 2637:. Retrieved 2633: 2624: 2616: 2611: 2599: 2585: 2573:. Retrieved 2569: 2560: 2537: 2531: 2519:. Retrieved 2503: 2484: 2472:. Retrieved 2468: 2459: 2439: 2432: 2422:12 September 2420:. Retrieved 2416:the original 2402: 2385: 2372: 2352: 2346: 2326: 2320: 2315:pp. 107, 132 2310: 2301: 2289: 2273: 2268: 2260: 2237:. Retrieved 2232: 2223: 2215: 2207: 2199: 2194: 2183:the original 2173:(25): 7–34. 2170: 2157: 2137: 2136: 2079: 2064: 2060:Henry Jenner 2057: 2024:The peak of 2023: 1951: 1920: 1904: 1895:South Crofty 1892: 1884: 1867:South Crofty 1864: 1849: 1798: 1795:1755 Tsunami 1750:semi-enclave 1740: 1695: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1613: 1599: 1595:John Trevisa 1580: 1565: 1534: 1518:King William 1511: 1494:Edith Ditmas 1471: 1434: 1418: 1407: 1352: 1346: 1320:or possibly 1311: 1244: 1222: 1216: 1208: 1185: 1155: 1143: 1137: 1128: 1109: 1095: 1093: 1073: 1060:Late Antique 1049: 1041: 971: 965:(especially 904: 876: 849: 833: 827: 822: 816: 807: 806:in his book 794: 790: 788: 775: 771: 763: 759: 753: 740: 706: 704: 692: 661: 646: 630: 622:West Country 599: 546: 542:last ice age 534:Palaeolithic 531: 494: 480: 441: 410: 346:last ice age 337: 335: 328:Entrance at 175:Stannary law 85: 48: 31: 29: 4651:Lostwithiel 4435:Southampton 4305:Bournemouth 4267:West Sussex 4212:Oxfordshire 4112:East Sussex 3892:Regency era 3875:Restoration 3606:. Longman. 3527:Blair, John 2703:pp. 428–430 2039:Bodmin Moor 2035:Jamaica Inn 1888:Objective 1 1775:River Tamar 1199:River Tamar 1140:King Egbert 1010:, memorial 959:Lostwithiel 905:Only a few 819:Old English 799:John Morris 743:Phoenicians 662:During the 569:hut circles 481:Cornwall's 342:Paleolithic 49:History of 5047:Categories 4983:Demography 4878:St Austell 4868:Port Navas 4743:Wadebridge 4696:St Austell 4686:Porthleven 4636:Launceston 4596:Callington 4430:Shrewsbury 4410:Portsmouth 4390:Nottingham 4370:Manchester 4345:Folkestone 4330:Colchester 4300:Birmingham 4222:Shropshire 4182:Merseyside 4162:Lancashire 4087:Derbyshire 3612:B004X16B1E 3380:References 3271:(2): 238. 3001:2 November 2859:25 January 2848:SeaDogIT. 2826:pp. 287–9. 2259:. (1996). 2002:Wivelshire 1813:Portuguese 1771:Launceston 1762:Stannaries 1559:was named 1541:Launceston 1480:. In 1068 1427:and later 1373:St Germans 1322:Callington 1318:Egloshayle 1255:Celtic art 1239:See also: 1012:High cross 943:Volusianus 868:Magor Farm 856:Nanstallon 653:hill forts 610:Bronze Age 590:Mên-an-Tol 575:Bronze Age 538:Mesolithic 521:See also: 425:Henry VIII 398:Celtic Sea 4993:The Duchy 4930:Civil War 4863:Pont Pill 4747:See also: 4701:St Blazey 4631:Hugh Town 4606:Camelford 4455:Worcester 4440:St Albans 4425:Sheffield 4420:Rochester 4385:Newcastle 4365:Maidstone 4355:Liverpool 4277:Wiltshire 4137:Hampshire 4052:Berkshire 4039:By county 3415:Britannia 3409:(2004) . 3113:Routledge 2959:(2017). " 2837:Britannia 2729:, p. 431) 2239:8 January 2082:ethnicity 2026:smuggling 1939:Methodism 1803:caused a 1683:Henry VII 1668:in Anglia 1661:from 1576 1643:1485–1603 1549:Restormel 1484:, son of 1402:King Cnut 1377:Sherborne 1326:Lawhitton 1314:St Breock 1225:in 1607: 1223:Britannia 1191:Æthelstan 1056:Byzantium 978:Carn Euny 812:Caithness 793:or later 721:A map of 557:Wiltshire 553:megaliths 549:Neolithic 528:Stone Age 503:(see the 456:Methodism 439:of 1549. 5003:Politics 4848:Menalhyl 4731:Torpoint 4726:Stratton 4681:Penzance 4656:Marazion 4641:Liskeard 4611:Falmouth 4601:Camborne 4537:Cornwall 4460:Worthing 4450:Wetherby 4400:Plymouth 4335:Coventry 4310:Brighton 4227:Somerset 4077:Cornwall 4072:Cheshire 4012:Polities 3761:Timeline 3683:(1981). 3602:(1987). 3592:Cornwall 3556:Cornwall 3476:(2001). 3319:Archived 3246:Archived 3188:(2002). 3105:(1974). 2873:Charter 2835:Camden, 2782:, p. 175 2766:, p. 431 2639:27 March 2575:27 March 2521:27 March 2515:Archived 2492:Archived 2474:27 March 2309:(1950). 2294:Halliday 2284:, p. 51. 2216:Cornwall 2214:(1970). 2138:General: 2095:See also 2086:European 1962:Lesnewth 1958:Stratton 1927:Anglican 1854:) and a 1821:Penzance 1747:Royalist 1687:Scotland 1545:Trematon 1429:Harold's 1425:Godwin's 1382:Crediton 1365:Ceolnoth 1353:Dinurrin 1338:Stratton 1300:Will of 1279:Meriasek 1273:such as 1259:Brittany 1212:Edmund I 1160:Dungarth 1138:In 814, 1064:Tintagel 1052:Brittany 1045:Dumnonia 1024:Dumnonia 967:Armorica 935:Trethevy 931:Licinius 886:. Prof. 884:Dumnonii 872:Camborne 864:Calstock 830:Dumnonia 784:Tintagel 780:Cornovii 764:Bolerium 760:Belerion 750:Toponymy 707:Belerion 649:Iron Age 635:Iron Age 523:Dumnonia 402:Dumnonia 390:Brittany 378:Somerset 370:Dumnonii 366:Cornwall 119:Cornovii 114:Dumnonii 109:Dumnonia 81:Timeline 51:Cornwall 40:a series 38:Part of 5008:Schools 4998:Diocese 4956:Fishing 4951:Economy 4946:Culture 4926:History 4903:Valency 4818:Helford 4788:De Lank 4721:Saltash 4711:St Ives 4691:Redruth 4671:Padstow 4666:Newquay 4626:Helston 4445:Torquay 4415:Reading 4375:Margate 4320:Chester 4315:Bristol 4242:Suffolk 4217:Rutland 4187:Norfolk 4082:Cumbria 3687:. BBC. 3672:(1955) 3628:(1872) 3588:(1941) 3554:(1996) 3217:vol. i. 3172:(1941) 2666:, p. 23 2296:, p.52. 2179:1366803 2037:pub on 1990:Penwith 1986:Kerrier 1909:led by 1876:gunnies 1872:costean 1811:on the 1805:tsunami 1361:Gerrans 1349:Kenstec 1283:Geraint 1168:Kenstec 1148:Vikings 1134:Saxons. 1124:Cuthred 1102:Geraint 1085:Normans 951:Padstow 699:Pytheas 688:Cornish 676:Britons 565:barrows 561:menhirs 75:History 4966:Places 4919:Topics 4883:Seaton 4853:Ottery 4843:Lynher 4833:Lerryn 4828:Kensey 4803:Gannel 4778:Carnon 4761:Rivers 4676:Penryn 4661:Newlyn 4586:Bodmin 4395:Oxford 4360:London 4247:Surrey 4102:Durham 4097:Dorset 3951:Topics 3691: 3659: 3610: 3590:Tudor 3574: 3562: 3541: 3510: 3484: 3462: 3430: 3297:13 May 3153: 3119: 3036: 2977: 2942: 2875:S 1507 2822:Todd, 2548: 2447: 2393: 2367:p. 21. 2359: 2333: 2280: 2177: 2033:. The 1996:. The 1994:Scilly 1992:; and 1978:Powder 1878:, and 1825:Newlyn 1630:. 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The 618:bronze 594:Madron 487:Arthur 406:Wessex 249:Mining 228:Topics 42:on the 4898:Truro 4893:Tiddy 4888:Tamar 4813:Hayle 4808:Gover 4798:Fowey 4783:Cober 4773:Camel 4768:Allen 4737:Truro 4621:Hayle 4616:Fowey 4405:Poole 4350:Leeds 4340:Dover 4117:Essex 4092:Devon 4003:Riots 3368:1 May 3091:: 66. 3079:(PDF) 2186:(PDF) 2175:S2CID 2167:(PDF) 2150:Notes 1998:shire 1982:Pydar 1966:Trigg 1769:made 1758:Duchy 1281:, or 1275:Piran 1230:them. 1203:Tamar 1083:, or 1081:Danes 955:Fowey 953:with 870:near 821:word 672:Celts 602:Devon 417:Devon 394:Wales 382:Roman 374:Devon 216:Truro 4941:Flag 4838:Looe 4823:Inny 4646:Looe 4591:Bude 4465:York 4157:Kent 3998:Wars 3689:ISBN 3657:ISBN 3608:ASIN 3572:ISBN 3560:ISBN 3539:ISBN 3508:ISBN 3482:ISBN 3460:ISBN 3428:ISBN 3370:2014 3299:2019 3151:ISBN 3117:ISBN 3034:ISBN 3003:2015 2975:ISBN 2940:ISBN 2861:2024 2641:2018 2577:2018 2546:ISBN 2523:2018 2476:2018 2445:ISBN 2424:2013 2391:ISBN 2357:ISBN 2331:ISBN 2278:ISBN 2241:2022 1972:and 1970:East 1964:and 1945:and 1943:John 1760:and 1677:The 1435:The 1265:and 1054:and 1038:936. 976:and 963:Gaul 957:and 941:and 834:West 776:Duro 711:Gaul 567:and 470:and 435:and 392:and 336:The 4873:Red 4858:Par 4793:Fal 4534:of 3273:doi 2965:". 2016:). 1880:vug 1670:or 1532:). 1249:in 1106:Ine 989:". 786:). 762:or 606:tin 507:). 493:'s 350:BCE 164:Law 5049:: 3582:). 3529:; 3525:; 3498:; 3445:. 3413:. 3314:– 3267:. 3241:. 3111:. 3089:55 3087:. 3081:. 2973:. 2931:^ 2894:". 2852:. 2815:^ 2803:^ 2787:^ 2771:^ 2734:^ 2671:^ 2632:. 2568:. 2467:. 2410:. 2249:^ 2231:. 2169:. 2091:. 1988:; 1984:; 1980:; 1976:; 1968:; 1960:, 1956:: 1897:. 1882:. 1874:, 1693:. 1593:, 1547:, 1543:, 1416:. 1388:. 1277:, 1091:. 1047:. 874:. 690:. 571:. 563:, 408:. 364:. 4932:) 4928:( 4515:e 4508:t 4501:v 3745:e 3738:t 3731:v 3697:. 3665:. 3614:. 3547:. 3516:. 3490:. 3468:. 3449:. 3436:. 3372:. 3301:. 3275:: 3269:8 3159:. 3125:. 3042:. 3005:. 2983:. 2946:. 2890:" 2863:. 2643:. 2579:. 2554:. 2478:. 2453:. 2426:. 2397:. 2380:. 2365:. 2339:. 2243:. 737:. 725:. 297:e 290:t 283:v 20:)

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