220:
4909:
841:
685:
3154:
1287:
421:
214:
761:
after the Roman withdrawal, and it is likely that tin played an important part in this trade. Post-Roman imported pottery has been excavated from many sites across the region. An apparent surge in late-5th-century
Mediterranean imports is thought to be related to the trade in metals from Cornwall and
1428:
While
Cornwall retained its language and culture, Devon's had significantly diminished by the arrival of the Saxon invaders in the 7th century, almost entirely due to the large-scale migration of Britons from greater Dumnonia to Armorica at the end of the Roman occupation. J.B. Gover wrote in 1931
1607:
It is unlikely that the
British realms of Cornwall and the continental realms in the Brittany region were continuous in government. In the post-Roman period, tribes from Britain migrated to Brittany and mixed with tribes already in the Armorican peninsula. As a result of these migrations, the
1433:
by the middle of the seventh century Devon was a sparsely settled Celtic kingdom due to large-scale emigration to
Armorica a century and more earlier, and that once the resistance of its kings had been broken down no considerable native population remained to complicate the life of the new
1579:
The folklore of the association between the regions, kingdoms, and duchies of
Cornwall and Brittany includes the figure Mark of Cornwall, whose territory included lands in both this region of the British Isles and Brittany on the continent, as portrayed in the 12th-century romance
937:
after
Liskeard was seized. It has been suggested that the rulers of Dumnonia were itinerant, stopping at various royal residences, such as Tintagel and Cadbury Castle, at different times of the year, and possibly simultaneously holding lands in Brittany across the
1389:) from Dumnonia. Some histories propose the theory that this may have resulted in rulers who exercised kingship in both Brittany and Dumnonia, explaining those occurrences of the same names of rulers in both territories. There are also numerous correspondences of
630:
has speculated that the
Dumnonii may have seen the end of the Roman empire as an opportunity to establish control in new areas. Before the arrival of the Romans, the Dumnonii seem to have inhabited the south-west peninsula of Britain as far east as the
1438:
The relationship between the new Saxon overlords and the remaining indigenous
Britons appears to have been peaceable and many Celtic place-names survive in the county, although not to the extent of that of the neighbouring sub-tribe, the
1454:) in the Brittany region of the Armorican peninsula is assumed to owe its name to descendants originating in insular Cornwall. The territories of the ancient Cornouaille region coincide mostly with the southern part of the French
979:
The post-Roman history of
Dumnonia comes from a variety of sources and is considered exceedingly difficult to interpret given that historical fact, legend and confused pseudo-history are compounded by a variety of sources in
1217:
in his letter to the
English people) and therefore Exeter may have been under West Saxon control at this time, that is, the late 7th century. At this time Dumnonia was sufficiently part of the known world for
1213:
monastery, which can be identified with Exeter, Devon, has a Germanic name (Wulfhard) during the time Boniface studied there. Boniface self-identifies as Anglo-Saxon by birth (using
5077:
4360:
676:
In the post Roman period the kingdom of Dumnonia covered Cornwall, Devon and parts of west Somerset. It had close cultural and religious links with Brittany, Wales and Ireland.
5072:
776:, with a number of late Roman Christian cemeteries extending into the post-Roman period. In the 5th and 6th centuries the area was allegedly evangelised by the children of
3114:
2176:
Crossley, Alan; Currie, C. R. J. (eds.); Baggs, A. P.; Chance, Eleanor; Colvin, Christina; Day, C. J.; Selwyn, Nesta; Townley, Simon C. (1996). "Bampton and Weald".
1608:
Brittany region contained two separate geographic areas known as Dumnonée and Cornouaille. By the early 10th century these Breton regions were consolidated into the
976:. If not an entirely legendary figure, Caradocus would not have been a king in the true sense but may have held a powerful office within the Roman administration.
1159:
in east Somerset), around 658, resulted in the Saxons capturing "as far as the Parrett" and the eastern part of Dumnonia being permanently annexed by Wessex.
960:
Although subjugated by about 78 CE, the local population could have retained strong local control, and Dumnonia may have been self-governed under Roman rule.
1088:
caused the Britons of Dumnonia to be cut off by land from their Welsh allies, but since sea travel was not difficult this may not have been a severe loss.
896:
seem to have survived the Roman departure from Britain; but they were subsequently replaced, in the 6th and 7th centuries, by unenclosed farms taking the
1129:, who engaged and, according to Geoffrey of Monmouth, defeated the Mercians with "great slaughter to their troops". However, since the late 19th century
2546:
753:). Tin working continued throughout Roman occupation and appears to have reached a peak during the 3rd century CE. The area maintained trade links with
692:
The cultural connections of the pre-Roman Dumnonii, as expressed in their ceramics, are thought to have been with the peninsula of Armorica across the
1998:
5082:
1901:
449:
1612:
and the continuity with Dumnonia at the governmental level ended, while the historical and cultural continuity remains through modern times.
4942:
892:
seem to have been reconstructed during the period. Local archaeology has revealed that the isolated enclosed farmsteads known locally as
1359:
Although the chronology of Wessex expansion into all of Dumnonia is unclear, Devon had long been absorbed into England by the reign of
4845:
2812:
2783:
1835:
2283:
4865:
4855:
4885:
4870:
4860:
1811:
Iron Age Communities in Britain: an Account of England, Scotland and Wales from the Seventh Century BC Until the Roman Conquest
1056:
4875:
3259:
2405:
2189:
1781:
1753:
2149:
1230:
regarding the date of Easter. In 682 Wessex forces "advanced as far as the sea", but it is unclear where this was. In 705 a
1557:
There are just four known villas west of the Parrett–Axe boundary, three in East Devon and an isolated and atypical one at
1522:
290:
857:, modern Exeter, but west of Exeter the area remained largely un-Romanised. Most of Dumnonia is notable for its lack of a
4880:
1493:
fought off Anglo-Saxons. Most historians believe this battle, if it was historical, was fought outside the territory, at
1999:"Byzantium and Britain: a Mediterranean perspective on Post-Roman Mediterranean Imports in Western Britain and Ireland"
1092:
is thought to have been king when the Britons fought the Battle of Beandun in 614. This is most likely to have been at
19:
This article is about the kingdom in south-western Britain. For the Brythonic colony of the same name in Brittany, see
4343:
4156:
2714:
2688:
2662:
2643:
2602:
2361:
2330:
2106:
2071:
1845:
1818:
1699:
1644:
888:, were refortified in post-Roman times for the use of chieftains or kings, and other high-status settlements such as
442:
647:. In the Roman period there was a provincial boundary between the area governed from Exeter and those governed from
4935:
701:
559:
3335:
2745:
622:), was established on the north-facing Atlantic coast of the continent in the region that was to become known as
387:
2090:
219:
4920:
4326:
2561:
1685:
1634:
2702:
5097:
5087:
4599:
1321:
in west Devon). However, there is no mention of who won or who lost. A further rebellion in 838, when the "
773:
661:
435:
402:
193:
5117:
5102:
4928:
3799:
3059:
1421:(Devon) have well-established histories including entirely separate rulers from Dumnonia in Britain (see
323:
305:
234:
2617:
The Place-Names of Devon: J.E.B. Gover, A. Mawer & F.M. Stenton pub. 1931 Cambridge University Press
5107:
4976:
4370:
4245:
3850:
3819:
3199:
2672:
2586:
2515:
2479:
2374:
2351:
1921:
1661:
921:
expelled them. By the mid-9th century, the royal seat may have been relocated further west, during the
5092:
4331:
4166:
3794:
2680:
2122:
955:
897:
136:, with its eastern boundary changing over time as the gradual westward expansion of the neighbouring
4131:
1898:
1163:
700:
and Ireland, rather than with the south-east of Britain. The people of Dumnonia would have spoken a
4671:
4105:
4081:
3407:
2461:
1737:
1293:
in Cornwall, believed to commemorate Donyarth, the last recorded king of the rump state of Dumnonia
1260:
1130:
1040:
885:
844:
1062:
604:
5016:
4382:
4030:
3576:
3290:
3109:
2999:
2263:
2181:
1330:
1290:
512:
5011:
2655:
The Kingdom of Dumnonia: Studies in History and Tradition in South-Western Britain A.D. 350–1150
816:(although whether this was Saxon or Brythonic is somewhat controversial). Sporadically, Cornish
4850:
4769:
4732:
3804:
3089:
3084:
2557:
1326:
1114:
153:
2280:
2211:
1117:, the Britons were still in possession of Exeter in 632, when it was bravely defended against
5112:
4616:
4431:
4176:
4076:
3447:
3285:
3264:
1476:. At least part of the original territory associated with the pre-medieval Breton kingdom of
1456:
1021:
1016:
994:
746:
516:
2300:
5036:
4759:
4631:
4365:
4015:
3412:
3330:
3139:
3064:
1360:
1263:
in Devon between 813 and 822 probably signalled the conquest of insular Dumnonia leaving a
1231:
1101:
1026:
961:
636:
8:
5021:
5001:
4908:
4646:
4515:
4445:
4426:
4405:
4338:
4161:
4035:
3855:
3840:
3835:
3789:
3764:
3437:
3325:
3310:
3124:
2943:
2738:
2529:
1538:
1533:
1344:, died in 875. By the 880s Wessex had gained control of at least part of Cornwall, where
1227:
1126:
1046:
721:
600:
599:, that there may have been a sub-tribe in the western part of the territory known as the
595:
487:
407:
239:
202:
120:
between the late 4th and late 8th centuries CE in the more westerly parts of present-day
4045:
1469:
5046:
4951:
4812:
4543:
4436:
4400:
4321:
4276:
4171:
3997:
3888:
3845:
3774:
3581:
3356:
3119:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3004:
2861:
2817:
2594:
2509:
2473:
2304:
2199:
1949:
1941:
1908:
1582:
1525:, for the pseudo-historic kings and dukes of Cornwall mentioned by Geoffrey of Monmouth
1183:
1141:
1109:
1004:
648:
392:
244:
121:
5067:
5031:
4676:
4651:
4641:
4377:
4350:
4231:
4086:
4071:
4066:
4025:
4020:
3925:
3814:
3769:
3759:
3751:
3422:
3376:
3366:
3207:
3034:
3014:
2973:
2710:
2684:
2658:
2639:
2598:
2401:
2357:
2326:
2185:
2102:
2067:
1953:
1841:
1814:
1777:
1749:
1695:
1640:
1609:
1498:
1422:
1235:
1175:
1149:
1137:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1033:
917:, but was still partially inhabited by Dumnonian Britons until the 10th century when
821:
801:
665:, Book III notes the close trading and military relationship between the continental
566:
and this is the form which survives today in the name of the county of Devon (Modern
397:
117:
97:
1352:
evicted the Britons from Exeter and the rest of Devon, and set the east bank of the
4955:
4705:
4666:
4621:
4608:
4528:
4507:
4410:
4355:
4040:
3860:
3779:
3591:
3371:
3305:
3195:
3074:
3069:
3039:
3009:
2963:
2925:
2791:
2240:
1933:
1873:
1528:
1394:
1348:
had estates. In about 936, according to William of Malmesbury writing around 1120,
1345:
1337:
1010:
914:
853:
840:
809:
763:
716:, are evidenced by the inscribed stones they have left behind—sometimes written in
705:
610:
Following a period of emigration from south-western Britain to north-western Gaul (
575:
369:
351:
346:
300:
295:
49:
2426:
Alfred the Great – Asser's Life of King Alfred and other contemporary sources
4986:
4748:
4686:
4626:
4589:
4561:
4523:
4488:
4468:
4251:
4241:
4226:
4113:
3920:
3784:
3547:
3402:
3361:
3351:
3190:
3129:
3049:
3044:
3029:
3024:
2937:
2497:
2153:
2098:
1905:
1745:
1502:
1486:
1402:
1370:
1365:
1340:
acknowledged the authority of Canterbury in 870 and the last-known Cornish king,
1250:
1093:
939:
829:
709:
693:
619:
583:
425:
173:
5041:
5006:
4787:
4777:
4753:
4700:
4656:
4571:
4551:
4533:
4478:
4473:
4441:
4286:
4266:
4091:
3992:
3971:
3966:
3603:
3537:
3532:
3521:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3300:
3295:
3254:
3181:
3167:
3079:
3054:
3019:
2978:
2968:
2904:
2891:
2831:
2775:
2767:
2758:
2731:
1806:
1494:
1490:
1390:
1205:
1068:
870:
862:
813:
567:
467:
164:
also occurs. The name of the kingdom shares a linguistic relationship with the
113:
4950:
1975:
1259:" was coming under significant pressure from the Saxon army. The campaigns of
684:
5061:
4584:
4556:
4463:
4455:
4197:
4149:
3935:
3883:
3612:
3552:
3542:
3442:
3417:
3203:
2698:
2677:
And Shall These Mute Stones Speak? Post-Roman Inscriptions in Western Britain
2631:
2542:
2501:
2465:
2429:
2287:
2248:
1558:
1485:
There is debate about the location of Arthur's supposed great victory at the
758:
666:
656:
632:
627:
478:
148:
is sometimes encountered, but that spelling is also used for the land of the
1976:"Review Article Post-Roman imports in the British Isles: material and place"
4902:
4695:
4483:
4007:
3961:
3900:
3809:
3586:
3564:
3557:
2994:
2919:
2909:
2841:
2318:
2059:
1509:, which itself has been claimed, without foundation, to be the location of
1140:
made a breakthrough against the Dumnonian defensive lines at the battle of
981:
789:
769:
750:
474:
328:
3186:
1461:
918:
4817:
4802:
4203:
4122:
3930:
3915:
3905:
3878:
3704:
3657:
3569:
3315:
2932:
2836:
2723:
1733:
1447:
1414:
1353:
934:
858:
793:
785:
732:
538:
137:
3472:
3238:
2178:
A History of the County of Oxford, Volume 13: Bampton Hundred (Part One)
1478:
1418:
946:
were used as marshalling points for "war hosts" from across the region.
615:
169:
20:
4740:
4728:
4181:
4145:
3945:
3910:
3870:
3462:
3224:
3215:
1264:
1156:
943:
736:
720:, sometimes in Latin, sometimes in both, confirmed and supplemented by
644:
1945:
1286:
942:. There is textual and archaeological evidence that districts such as
4971:
4966:
4140:
3247:
1506:
1349:
1318:
1223:
1199:
973:
866:
652:
555:
3452:
3153:
1393:
saints, and place names and a close linguistic relationship between
739:, the tin having been exported since ancient times from the port of
5026:
4797:
4261:
3714:
3669:
3633:
3621:
3467:
3427:
3242:
3234:
3229:
3134:
2871:
2866:
2851:
1937:
1691:
1473:
1440:
1386:
1382:
1341:
1242:
1198:, Devon, then some conflict with the Britons can be postulated. In
1195:
1182:. Though it appears from the context that this is a battle against
988:. The main sources available for discussion of this period include
930:
889:
877:
874:
670:
623:
611:
547:
532:
463:
272:
267:
213:
157:
149:
133:
129:
83:
79:
65:
24:
3482:
1104:
has also been proposed as the site, but the claim lacks evidence.
713:
4981:
4807:
4782:
4661:
4636:
4271:
4236:
4209:
4136:
4118:
3709:
3645:
3269:
2899:
2876:
1510:
1497:, for instance. Geoffrey of Monmouth claimed that Arthur's final
1219:
1191:
1097:
999:
900:
881:
777:
728:
640:
482:
165:
1482:, coincides with the modern French department of CĂ´tes-d'Armor.
1376:
933:). Cornish earls in the 10th century were said to have moved to
4991:
4792:
4579:
4361:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
4281:
4256:
4220:
4214:
4127:
4050:
3976:
3895:
3397:
2881:
2826:
1145:
1122:
989:
922:
825:
817:
805:
797:
543:
542:). Later, the area became known to the English of neighbouring
504:
141:
87:
55:
812:
probably represent the cemetery of the foundation attended by
3681:
3487:
3432:
3320:
2914:
2856:
2846:
2804:
2754:
2421:
1959:
1924:(1981). "Review of Pearce, "The Kingdom of Dumnonia", 1978".
1118:
985:
851:
Around 55 CE, the Romans established a legionary fortress at
781:
741:
717:
697:
125:
109:
75:
2709:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 15–19.
2428:. translated by Simon Keynes & Michael Lapidge. London:
964:
stated that the ruler of Dumnonia, perhaps about the period
869:–, and for its many settlements that have survived from the
4996:
3940:
3477:
3457:
3392:
3220:
2031:
Pearce (1978), chapter 3 "The Establishment of the Church".
1301:", presumably those of Dumnonia, and the Anglo-Saxons. The
1051:
754:
470:
511:
on "damnation" to deprecate the area's contemporary ruler
2301:"Medieval Sourcebook: The Correspondence of St. Boniface"
2175:
1892:
820:
are named in various records until they submitted to the
530:) world'. Groups with similar names existed in Scotland (
508:
5078:
States and territories disestablished in the 8th century
2127:
The Ancient Cathedral of Cornwall, Historically Surveyed
1464:, and some of its territorial lands are included in the
2325:. A Regional History of England. Longman. p. 287.
1813:(4th ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 201–206.
1267:
in what is today called Cornwall, known at the time as
913:
in Brythonic, was later the site of an important Saxon
1740:(2007) . "Britain Before the Conquest: Urbanization".
5073:
States and territories established in the 4th century
3673:
2554:
Modern Cornwall: The changing nature of peripherality
603:
from whose name the first element of the present-day
4059:
639:
in Dorset, judging by the coin distributions of the
1570:
John Eric Bruce Gover (1894–1984), English scholar.
1234:was set up in Sherborne for the Saxon area west of
1837:Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia. Vol. 1-
1060:as well as "The Descent of the Men of the North" (
614:) in the 5th and 6th centuries, a sister kingdom (
473:tribe living in the south-west at the time of the
2227:The History and Description of the City of Exeter
861:– though there were substantial numbers south of
735:, the main economic resource of the Dumnonii was
550:, and its inhabitants were also known to them as
5059:
2062:(1999). Kain, Roger; Ravenhill, William (eds.).
1868:
1866:
688:Map of inscription stones in Devon and Cornwall
2638:(2nd ed.). Fowey: Cornwall Editions Ltd.
2270:. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. p. 15.
2066:. University of Exeter Press. pp. 88–90.
1732:
1249:claim a victory by the British in Cornwall at
1226:, to address a letter around 705, to its king
808:where 5th-century burials discovered near the
4936:
3637:
2739:
1863:
1772:Cannon, J. A. (2015). "Kingdom of Dumnonia".
1377:Dumnonian continuity in Cornwall and Brittany
772:seems to have survived in Dumnonia after the
443:
3625:
1632:
1501:was fought in Cornwall: tradition points to
593:There is evidence, based on an entry in the
3685:
3649:
2528:Angevin Britain and Scandinavia, Volume 6,
2458:Domesday Book – a complete translation
1659:
1369:gives the King of Cornwall just before the
1133:has not been considered a historical fact.
1075:
1066:, in Peniarth MS 45 and elsewhere) and the
847:, a possible early Dumnonian defensive site
23:. For the kingdom in northern Britain, see
4943:
4929:
3661:
2753:
2746:
2732:
1687:Celtic Culture: a historical encyclopaedia
1279:, and to the Anglo-Saxons as Cornwall or "
515:. The name etymologically originates from
450:
436:
144:encroached on its territory. The spelling
2085:
2083:
1241:In 710 Geraint was defeated in battle by
679:
2121:
1805:
1767:
1765:
1633:Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006).
1297:In 825 a battle was fought between the "
1285:
839:
828:organisation was a later development of
683:
2262:
2224:
1774:The Oxford Companion to British History
673:and the south-western insular British.
124:. It was centred in the area of modern
5060:
3602:
2671:
2652:
2630:
2585:
2541:
2400:. Exeter: The Mint Press. p. 64.
2395:
2089:
2080:
2064:Historical Atlas of South-West England
1920:
1771:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1381:Two waves of migrations took place to
1255:. By about 755, the territory of the "
1057:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
796:. There were important monasteries at
5083:Former countries in the British Isles
4924:
4834:
4726:
4505:
4307:
3739:
3519:
3165:
2802:
2727:
2697:
2420:
2345:
2239:
2058:
1762:
1653:
1329:forces, was crushed by Egbert at the
949:
873:period. As in other Brythonic areas,
16:Historic kingdom in Sub-Roman Britain
2317:
1833:
1683:
1523:List of legendary rulers of Cornwall
4727:
2229:. Exeter: P. Hedgeland. p. 11.
1996:
1973:
1672:
13:
1690:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA:
1443:, who became modern-day Cornwall.
1409:). However, the Breton regions of
14:
5129:
4157:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
2547:"Chapter three: The Celtic Duchy"
2152:. Britannia. 2005. Archived from
4907:
3520:
3152:
2532:, Harvard University Press, 1921
1636:Encyclopedia of European Peoples
560:Southwestern Brythonic languages
419:
218:
212:
2707:Wessex in the early Middle Ages
2611:
2579:
2535:
2522:
2486:
2450:
2441:
2414:
2389:
2367:
2339:
2311:
2293:
2274:
2255:
2233:
2218:
2169:
2160:
2142:
2133:
2115:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
1990:
1967:
1914:
1854:
1827:
1601:
1589:
1573:
1564:
1551:
462:The kingdom is named after the
2356:(reissued by Blandford Press,
2049:Pearce (1978), pp. 49–50.
1799:
1790:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1626:
835:
1:
4876:Celtic place names in Galicia
4506:
2560:. p. 119. Archived from
2281:The PASE index:Chronicle text
2150:"Caradoc, 'King' of Dumnonia"
1776:(2nd ed.). p. 301.
1714:Payton (2004), pp. 50–51
1619:
1186:(which he may have lost), if
969:
965:
59:
4308:
2813:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
1723:Yorke (1995), pp. 18–19
1561:in the far west of Cornwall.
1544:
1113:, attributed incorrectly to
1038:, along with texts from the
774:Roman departure from Britain
662:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
7:
3800:Welsh literature in English
3740:
3166:
2892:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
2803:
2290: – search Posentesburh
2225:Jenkins, Alexander (1806).
2139:Thomas (1994), p. 216.
1899:A history of Cornish mining
1598:is French for "Land's End."
1516:
1446:The pre-medieval region of
554:(i.e. men of Dumnonia). In
503:, the latter being used by
324:Cornish Stannary Parliament
128:, but also included modern
10:
5134:
3820:Scottish Gaelic literature
3200:Brigantia (ancient region)
2657:. Padstow: Lodenek Press.
2624:
2494:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
2447:Payton (2004), p. 69.
2352:Cambridge University Press
2245:Six Old English Chronicles
2040:Pearce (1978), p. 51.
1684:Koch, John T, ed. (2006).
1245:of Wessex, but in 722 the
953:
156:, in present-day southern
18:
4962:
4898:
4841:
4835:
4830:
4768:
4739:
4722:
4685:
4607:
4598:
4570:
4542:
4514:
4501:
4454:
4419:
4393:
4314:
4303:
4190:
4167:Hebridean Celtic Festival
4104:
4006:
3985:
3954:
3869:
3828:
3795:Welsh-language literature
3750:
3746:
3735:
3697:
3611:
3528:
3515:
3385:
3344:
3278:
3174:
3161:
3150:
2987:
2956:
2890:
2811:
2798:
2765:
2681:University of Wales Press
2653:Pearce, Susan M. (1978).
2468:. 2002. pp. 341–357.
2464:and G.H. Martin. London:
2323:The South West to AD 1000
2166:Pearce (1978), p. 57
1880:. Roman-Britain.org. 2011
1860:Thomas (1994), p. 6.
1742:An Atlas of Roman Britain
1660:Mackay, Ian (1999–2017).
1363:. The early-12th-century
1170:into Latin, known as the
956:List of kings of Dumnonia
704:, the ancestor of modern
352:Proposed Cornish Assembly
93:
71:
44:
39:
34:
4600:Ancient Celtic languages
2500:(2nd ed.). London:
2398:Making Anglo-Saxon Devon
2022:Yorke (1995), p. 17
1796:Yorke (1995), p. 18
1076:Conflict with the Saxons
1041:Black Book of Carmarthen
845:Cadbury Castle, Somerset
824:in the mid-9th century.
712:. Irish immigrants, the
507:in the 6th century as a
116:kingdom that existed in
4954:established around the
4871:Gaulish words in French
4856:Celtic words in English
3110:Scottish New Zealanders
3000:Anglo-Celtic Australian
2396:Higham, Robert (2008).
2182:Victoria County History
1963:(subscription required)
1662:"Geraint, Son of Erbin"
1639:. Infobase Publishing.
1331:battle of Hingston Down
1305:states: "We fought the
558:, and similarly in the
491:. Variants of the name
183:
3805:Early Irish literature
3686:
3674:
3662:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3090:Scotch-Irish Canadians
3085:Scotch-Irish Americans
2703:"Period of Transition"
2558:University of Plymouth
2514:: CS1 maint: others (
2478:: CS1 maint: others (
2375:"King Doniert's Stone"
2346:Major, Albany (1913).
2268:Historic Towns: Exeter
2091:Snyder, Christopher A.
1958: – via
1904:12 August 2009 at the
1834:Koch, John T. (2006).
1436:
1356:as Cornwall's border.
1294:
1166:'s translation of the
1115:Matthew of Westminster
848:
830:fully Normanised times
689:
680:Culture and industries
587:
579:
571:
177:
154:Kingdom of Strathclyde
4432:Scottish independence
4177:Celtic Media Festival
4060:National music scenes
3286:Proto-Celtic religion
2988:Related ethnic groups
2129:. London. p. 48.
2004:. Archaeology Service
1666:History of Drumchapel
1487:Battle of Mount Badon
1431:
1373:as a man named Alef.
1303:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1289:
1178:fighting a battle at
1172:Chronicon Æthelweardi
1168:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1162:The entry for 661 in
1063:Bonedd GwĹ·r y Gogledd
1022:William of Malmesbury
1017:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
995:De Excidio Britanniae
843:
687:
607:is probably derived.
5012:Kingdom of the Aurès
4972:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
4756:(Medieval Welsh law)
4366:Scottish nationalism
4016:Ancient Celtic music
3331:Romano-Celtic temple
3140:Welsh New Zealanders
3065:Irish New Zealanders
2504:. 2000. p. 177.
2348:Early Wars of Wessex
1746:Blackwell Publishers
1694:. pp. 619–621.
1361:Edward the Confessor
1325:" were supported by
1291:King Doniert's Stone
1102:Bampton, Oxfordshire
1027:Gesta Regum Anglorum
962:Geoffrey of Monmouth
635:in Somerset and the
152:, later part of the
5098:History of Somerset
5088:History of Cornwall
5022:Ostrogothic kingdom
4446:Irish republicanism
4427:Breton independence
4406:Scottish devolution
4339:Cornish nationalism
4162:Pan Celtic Festival
4036:Scottish folk music
3790:Scottish literature
3311:Celtic Christianity
3115:Scottish Travellers
3100:Scottish Argentines
2944:Scottish Travellers
2636:Cornwall: A History
2595:Thames & Hudson
2543:Payton, Philip John
2530:Henry Goddard Leach
2264:Freeman, Edward. A.
2156:on 31 January 2010.
1539:History of Brittany
1534:History of Cornwall
1190:is identified with
1047:Red Book of Hergest
784:from Ireland, like
596:Ravenna Cosmography
426:Cornwall portal
240:History of Cornwall
5118:Barbarian kingdoms
5103:South West England
5047:Visigothic kingdom
5007:Kingdom of Odoacer
4977:Burgundian kingdom
4967:Alamannian kingdom
4952:Barbarian kingdoms
4437:Welsh independence
4401:Cornish devolution
4322:Breton nationalism
4172:Celtic Connections
3775:Cornish literature
3120:Ulster Protestants
3105:Scottish Canadians
3095:Scottish Americans
3005:Anglo-Irish people
2377:. English Heritage
2305:Fordham University
2261:See, for example:
2210:has generic name (
1997:Fulford, Michael.
1909:Trevithick Society
1748:. pp. 47–55.
1583:Tristan and Iseult
1309:(Cornish) and the
1295:
1222:, later bishop of
1184:Wulfhere of Mercia
1142:Bradford-upon-Avon
1125:until relieved by
1110:Flores Historiarum
1084:'s victory at the
1005:Historia Brittonum
950:History and rulers
849:
788:; and Wales, like
747:St Michael's Mount
722:place-name studies
690:
546:as the kingdom of
408:Geological history
393:Cornish literature
285:Rulers (or titles)
245:Cornish devolution
122:South West England
5108:Sub-Roman Britain
5055:
5054:
5032:Sub-Roman Britain
5002:Kingdom of Altava
4918:
4917:
4894:
4893:
4826:
4825:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4677:Cisalpine Gaulish
4497:
4496:
4383:national identity
4378:Welsh nationalism
4371:national identity
4351:Irish nationalism
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4232:Cornish wrestling
4100:
4099:
4021:Breton Folk music
3986:Regional cultures
3829:National cultures
3815:Gaelic literature
3770:Breton literature
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3511:
3510:
3423:Chief of the Name
3291:Celtic polytheism
3208:Sub-Roman Britain
3148:
3147:
3035:Irish Australians
3015:Cornish Americans
2974:Scottish diaspora
2567:on 6 October 2014
2407:978-1-903356-57-9
2354:. pp. 92–98.
2191:978-0-19722-790-9
2184:. pp. 8–17.
1974:Bonifay, Michel.
1783:978-0-19-967783-2
1755:978-1-84217-067-0
1610:Duchy of Brittany
1499:Battle of Camlann
1423:Duchy of Brittany
1176:Cenwalh of Wessex
1155:(possibly modern
1138:Cenwalh of Wessex
1107:According to the
1086:Battle of Deorham
1082:Ceawlin of Wessex
822:See of Canterbury
702:Brythonic dialect
460:
459:
341:Modern governance
118:Sub-Roman Britain
103:
102:
98:Kings of Dumnonia
63:
5125:
5093:History of Devon
4982:Frankish kingdom
4956:Migration Period
4945:
4938:
4931:
4922:
4921:
4911:
4832:
4831:
4724:
4723:
4706:Galwegian Gaelic
4605:
4604:
4503:
4502:
4411:Welsh devolution
4305:
4304:
4057:
4056:
4046:Sean-nĂłs singing
4041:Welsh folk music
4031:Irish folk music
3998:Highland culture
3780:Irish literature
3760:Arthurian Legend
3748:
3747:
3737:
3736:
3689:
3677:
3665:
3653:
3641:
3629:
3609:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3577:Neo-Christianity
3517:
3516:
3448:Gaelic astrology
3408:Celtic festivals
3306:Celtic mythology
3279:Ancient religion
3196:Iron Age Britain
3163:
3162:
3156:
3135:Welsh Argentines
3075:Irish Uruguayans
3070:Irish Travellers
3040:Irish Brazilians
3030:Irish Argentines
3010:Breton Americans
2964:Cornish diaspora
2926:Irish Travellers
2800:
2799:
2792:Celtic languages
2748:
2741:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2694:
2668:
2649:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2551:
2539:
2533:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2496:. translated by
2490:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2469:
2460:. translated by
2454:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2371:
2365:
2355:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2297:
2291:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2195:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2003:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1918:
1912:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1738:Mattingly, David
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1681:
1670:
1669:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1630:
1613:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1529:History of Devon
1346:Alfred the Great
1338:bishop of Bodmin
1261:Egbert of Wessex
1247:Annales Cambriae
1011:Annales Cambriae
971:
967:
854:Isca Dumnoniorum
764:Byzantine Empire
605:name of Cornwall
452:
445:
438:
424:
423:
422:
388:Cornish language
347:Cornwall Council
301:Duke of Cornwall
296:King of Cornwall
291:Legendary rulers
257:Medieval kingdom
222:
216:
206:
188:
187:
61:
53:
50:Isca Dumnoniorum
32:
31:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5037:Suebian kingdom
5017:Lombard kingdom
4987:Frisian kingdom
4958:
4949:
4919:
4914:
4890:
4837:
4822:
4764:
4760:Early Scots law
4749:Early Irish law
4735:
4710:
4687:Scottish Gaelic
4681:
4622:Proto-Brittonic
4594:
4590:Beurla Reagaird
4566:
4562:Scottish Gaelic
4538:
4510:
4493:
4489:Columba Project
4469:Celtic Congress
4450:
4415:
4389:
4310:
4291:
4252:Gaelic handball
4242:Gaelic football
4227:Cornish hurling
4186:
4096:
4055:
4002:
3981:
3967:Gaelic clothing
3950:
3865:
3824:
3785:Manx literature
3742:
3719:
3698:Other claimants
3693:
3598:
3548:Celtic Congress
3524:
3507:
3403:Celtic calendar
3381:
3340:
3274:
3170:
3157:
3144:
3130:Welsh Americans
3050:Irish Catholics
3045:Irish Canadians
3025:Irish Americans
2983:
2957:Celtic diaspora
2952:
2886:
2815:
2807:
2794:
2761:
2752:
2717:
2691:
2673:Thomas, Charles
2665:
2646:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2587:Thomas, Charles
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2549:
2540:
2536:
2527:
2523:
2507:
2506:
2498:Michael Swanton
2492:
2491:
2487:
2471:
2470:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2316:
2312:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2279:
2275:
2260:
2256:
2238:
2234:
2223:
2219:
2207:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1981:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1922:Thomas, Charles
1919:
1915:
1906:Wayback Machine
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1807:Cunliffe, Barry
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1682:
1673:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1519:
1503:Slaughterbridge
1417:(Cornwall) and
1379:
1371:Norman Conquest
1366:Gesta Herewardi
1313:(Devonians) at
1148:victory at the
1078:
1032:De Antiquitate
958:
952:
909:Exeter, called
838:
682:
536:) and Ireland (
481:, according to
456:
420:
418:
413:
412:
383:
375:
374:
365:
357:
356:
342:
334:
333:
319:
311:
310:
306:Feudal Baronies
286:
278:
277:
258:
250:
249:
230:
217:
204:
197:
186:
82:, and parts of
64:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5131:
5121:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5042:Vandal kingdom
5039:
5034:
5029:
5027:Rugian kingdom
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4948:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4925:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4778:Gaelic warfare
4774:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4754:Cyfraith Hywel
4751:
4745:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4701:Deeside Gaelic
4698:
4692:
4690:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4672:Hispano-Celtic
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4627:Proto-Goidelic
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4479:Celtic society
4476:
4474:Celtic Revival
4471:
4466:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4442:United Ireland
4439:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4375:
4374:
4373:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4287:Welsh handball
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4267:Highland games
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4143:
4134:
4125:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3993:Gaelic culture
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3972:Highland dress
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3936:Pictish stones
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3744:
3743:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3679:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3631:
3618:
3616:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3540:
3538:Celtic nations
3535:
3533:Celtic Revival
3529:
3526:
3525:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3301:Celtic Animism
3298:
3296:Celtic deities
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3255:Cisalpine Gaul
3252:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3227:
3218:
3193:
3184:
3182:Gaelic Ireland
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3080:Manx Americans
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Irish Chileans
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:English people
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2979:Welsh diaspora
2976:
2971:
2969:Irish diaspora
2966:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2795:
2776:Celtic studies
2768:Celtic nations
2766:
2763:
2762:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2699:Yorke, Barbara
2695:
2689:
2669:
2663:
2650:
2644:
2632:Payton, Philip
2626:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2610:
2603:
2597:. p. 66.
2591:Celtic Britain
2578:
2534:
2521:
2485:
2449:
2440:
2432:. p. 175.
2413:
2406:
2388:
2366:
2338:
2331:
2310:
2292:
2286:4 May 2013 at
2273:
2254:
2251:. p. 284.
2232:
2217:
2190:
2168:
2159:
2141:
2132:
2123:Whitaker, John
2114:
2107:
2079:
2072:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
1989:
1966:
1938:10.2307/526281
1913:
1891:
1878:British Tribes
1874:"The Dumnonii"
1862:
1853:
1846:
1826:
1819:
1798:
1789:
1782:
1761:
1754:
1725:
1716:
1707:
1700:
1671:
1652:
1645:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1600:
1588:
1572:
1563:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1515:
1391:Insular Celtic
1378:
1375:
1206:Saint Boniface
1077:
1074:
1069:Book of Baglan
951:
948:
886:Cadbury Castle
871:Romano-British
837:
834:
814:Saint Boniface
681:
678:
458:
457:
455:
454:
447:
440:
432:
429:
428:
415:
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284:
283:
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209:
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185:
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101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
73:
69:
68:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5130:
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5040:
5038:
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5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4997:Hunnic empire
4995:
4993:
4992:Gepid kingdom
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4946:
4941:
4939:
4934:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4910:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4887:
4886:– in Portugal
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:– in Galician
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4833:
4829:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4673:
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4665:
4663:
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4658:
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4653:
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4640:
4638:
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4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
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4618:
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4606:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4591:
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4575:
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4560:
4558:
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4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
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4509:
4504:
4500:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4464:Celtic League
4462:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4456:Pan-Celticism
4453:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4332:reunification
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4302:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
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4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
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4222:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3946:Triple spiral
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
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3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
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3890:
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3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
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3868:
3862:
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3854:
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3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3765:Bardic Poetry
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3734:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
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3702:
3700:
3696:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:Celtic League
3610:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:Celtic League
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3543:Pan-Celticism
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3443:Gaelicisation
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Celticisation
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:Iron Age Gaul
3219:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3204:Roman Britain
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Irish Mexican
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
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2853:
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2848:
2845:
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2840:
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2835:
2833:
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2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2784:Celtic tribes
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2718:
2716:0-7185-1856-X
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2690:0-7083-1160-1
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2664:0-902899-68-6
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2645:1-904880-00-2
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2614:
2606:
2604:0-500-02107-4
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2531:
2525:
2517:
2511:
2503:
2502:Phoenix Press
2499:
2495:
2489:
2481:
2475:
2467:
2466:Penguin Books
2463:
2459:
2453:
2444:
2437:
2431:
2430:Penguin Books
2427:
2423:
2417:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2362:0-7137-2068-9
2359:
2353:
2350:. Cambridge:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2332:0-582-49274-2
2328:
2324:
2320:
2319:Todd, Malcolm
2314:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2289:
2288:archive.today
2285:
2282:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2249:Henry G. Bohn
2246:
2242:
2236:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2208:|first2=
2201:
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2187:
2183:
2179:
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2128:
2124:
2118:
2110:
2108:0-631-22260-X
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2073:0-85989-434-7
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2000:
1993:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1947:
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1923:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
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1879:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1857:
1849:
1847:9781851094400
1843:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1820:0-415-34779-3
1816:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1766:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1744:. Cambridge:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1703:
1701:9781851094400
1697:
1693:
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1648:
1646:9781438129181
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1471:
1470:CĂ´tes d'Armor
1467:
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1449:
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1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
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1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
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1111:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1034:Glastoniensis
1029:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
987:
983:
977:
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957:
947:
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928:
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920:
916:
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899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
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868:
864:
860:
856:
855:
846:
842:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
765:
762:Wales to the
760:
759:Mediterranean
756:
752:
748:
744:
743:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
686:
677:
674:
672:
668:
664:
663:
658:
657:Julius Caesar
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:River Parrett
629:
628:Barbara Yorke
625:
621:
617:
613:
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602:
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589:
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431:
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427:
417:
416:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
398:Music history
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
379:
378:
371:
368:
367:
364:Local history
361:
360:
353:
350:
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338:
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77:
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70:
67:
57:
52:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
5113:West Country
4903:Celts portal
4861:– in Spanish
4696:Arran Gaelic
4617:Proto-Celtic
4585:Bungi Creole
4484:Celtic unity
4420:Independence
4219:
4202:
4026:Gaelic music
3962:Celtic Dress
3911:High crosses
3901:Celtic cross
3879:Bell shrines
3810:Irish annals
3592:Neo-Druidism
3587:Celtic Wicca
3558:Celtic union
3522:Modern Celts
3413:Celtic women
3316:Celtic Rites
3265:Transylvania
3211:
3125:Ulster Scots
2995:Anglo-Celtic
2842:Celtiberians
2787:
2779:
2771:
2759:modern Celts
2706:
2676:
2654:
2635:
2613:
2590:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2562:the original
2553:
2537:
2524:
2493:
2488:
2462:Ann Williams
2457:
2452:
2443:
2435:
2425:
2416:
2397:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2369:
2347:
2341:
2322:
2313:
2295:
2276:
2267:
2257:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2220:
2177:
2171:
2162:
2154:the original
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2094:
2063:
2060:Padel, O. J.
2054:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
1992:
1980:. Retrieved
1969:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1877:
1856:
1840:. ABC-CLIO.
1836:
1829:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1773:
1741:
1734:Jones, Barri
1728:
1719:
1710:
1686:
1665:
1655:
1635:
1628:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1575:
1566:
1553:
1489:, where the
1484:
1477:
1466:departements
1465:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1380:
1364:
1358:
1336:The Cornish
1335:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1214:
1210:
1209:the head of
1203:
1188:Posentesburh
1187:
1180:Posentesburh
1179:
1174:, describes
1171:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1135:
1108:
1106:
1079:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1045:
1039:
1031:
1025:
1015:
1009:
1003:
993:
982:Middle Welsh
978:
959:
926:
925:advance, to
910:
908:
903:
893:
859:villa system
852:
850:
790:Saint Petroc
770:Christianity
768:
751:Mount Batten
740:
726:
691:
675:
660:
626:. Historian
609:
594:
592:
563:
551:
537:
531:
527:
523:
519:
517:Proto-Celtic
500:
496:
492:
486:
477:invasion of
461:
329:Stannary law
262:
161:
145:
132:and part of
105:
104:
48:
29:
4818:Trimarcisia
4803:GallĂłglaigh
4632:Celtiberian
4356:Isle of Man
4315:Nationalism
4204:Bataireacht
4123:Calan Gaeaf
4082:Isle of Man
3926:Leaf-crowns
3916:Insular art
3889:Dragonesque
3851:Isle of Man
3705:Nova Scotia
3658:Isle of Man
3582:Neopaganism
3326:Monasticism
2837:Caledonians
2679:. Cardiff:
2571:27 February
2381:5 September
2241:Giles, J.A.
2095:The Britons
1978:. Antiquity
1884:25 November
1457:departement
1448:Cornouaille
1415:Cornouaille
1354:River Tamar
1317:" (perhaps
1211:Examchester
1136:Around 652
935:Lostwithiel
927:Lis-Cerruyt
865:and around
836:Settlements
804:; and also
802:Glastonbury
794:Saint Keyne
786:Saint Piran
733:agriculture
727:Apart from
696:, and with
539:Fir Domnann
513:Constantine
203:History of
160:. The form
140:kingdom of
138:Anglo-Saxon
112:name for a
5062:Categories
4881:– in Italy
4783:Ceathairne
4647:Gallaecian
4277:Road bowls
4182:Eisteddfod
4150:Calan Awst
4146:Lughnasadh
3752:Literature
3615:definition
3438:Clan chief
3225:Roman Gaul
3216:Hen Ogledd
2942:including
2924:including
2593:. London:
2556:(Thesis).
2247:. London:
2008:3 December
1982:3 December
1620:References
1596:Finisterre
1323:West Welsh
1315:Gafulforda
1281:West Wales
1265:rump state
1164:Æthelweard
1157:Penselwood
1150:Battle of
1146:West Saxon
1131:this siege
1100:in Devon.
954:See also:
923:West Saxon
880:, such as
737:tin mining
649:Dorchester
645:Durotriges
618:in modern
548:West Wales
168:region of
58:) (before
4813:Redshanks
4788:Ceithearn
4516:Brittonic
4508:Languages
4141:Calan Mai
4132:Gŵyl Fair
4106:Festivals
3921:Interlace
3345:Mythology
3336:Practices
3248:Gallaecia
2862:Galatians
2510:cite book
2474:cite book
2200:cite book
2099:Blackwell
1954:163860852
1926:Britannia
1545:Footnotes
1507:Camelford
1462:Finistère
1450:(Breton:
1434:settlers.
1407:Brezhoneg
1350:Athelstan
1232:bishopric
1224:Sherborne
1200:Willibald
1127:Cadwallon
1036:Ecclesiae
974:Caradocus
972:305, was
919:Æthelstan
911:Caer Uisc
901:toponymic
898:Brythonic
878:hillforts
867:Ilchester
810:cathedral
653:Ilchester
637:River Axe
562:, it was
526:) deep; (
524:adjective
488:Geography
114:Brythonic
110:Latinised
40:Geography
5068:Dumnonia
4798:Gaesatae
4689:dialects
4652:Lepontic
4642:Galatian
4544:Goidelic
4394:Autonomy
4309:Politics
4262:Rounders
4114:Calendar
4087:Scotland
4072:Cornwall
4067:Brittany
3955:Clothing
3906:Knotwork
3884:Brooches
3856:Scotland
3841:Cornwall
3836:Brittany
3715:Y Wladfa
3670:Scotland
3634:Cornwall
3622:Brittany
3473:SeanchaĂ
3468:Tanistry
3428:Derbfine
3357:Scottish
3243:Brittany
3239:Domnonée
3235:Armorica
3230:Britonia
3212:Dumnonia
3187:Dálriata
2872:Lepontii
2867:Helvetii
2852:Gallaeci
2701:(1995).
2675:(1994).
2634:(2004).
2589:(1986).
2545:(1989).
2438:, p. 89.
2424:(1983).
2321:(1987).
2284:Archived
2266:(1887).
2243:(1848).
2125:(1804).
2093:(2003).
1902:Archived
1809:(2005).
1692:ABC-CLIO
1517:See also
1479:Domnonea
1474:Morbihan
1441:Cornovii
1419:Domnonée
1399:Kernowek
1387:Brittany
1383:Armorica
1342:Donyarth
1243:King Ine
1215:Anglorum
1204:Life of
1196:Crediton
1044:and the
931:Liskeard
929:(modern
890:Tintagel
875:Iron Age
757:and the
671:Armorica
624:Brittany
616:Domnonée
612:Armorica
601:Cornovii
572:Dyfnaint
564:Dyfneint
533:Damnonii
501:Damnonia
497:Domnonia
495:include
493:Dumnonia
464:Dumnonii
273:Cornovii
268:Dumnonii
263:Dumnonia
235:Timeline
205:Cornwall
194:a series
192:Part of
178:Domnonea
170:Domnonée
162:Domnonia
158:Scotland
150:Damnonii
146:Damnonia
134:Somerset
130:Cornwall
106:Dumnonia
84:Somerset
80:Cornwall
72:Location
66:Tintagel
35:Dumnonia
25:Damnonii
21:Domnonée
4851:Deities
4808:Hobelar
4770:Warfare
4733:Warfare
4667:Pictish
4662:Cumbric
4637:Gaulish
4609:Extinct
4529:Cornish
4327:history
4272:Hurling
4246:Ladies'
4237:Curling
4210:Camogie
4137:Beltane
4119:Samhain
4077:Ireland
3846:Ireland
3741:Culture
3710:England
3646:Ireland
3604:Nations
3503:Coinage
3493:Warfare
3386:Society
3377:Cornish
3367:British
3270:Galatia
3260:Balkans
3168:Studies
2905:Cornish
2900:Bretons
2877:Noricum
2832:Britons
2805:Peoples
2625:Sources
1932:: 417.
1511:Camelot
1505:, near
1491:Britons
1460:of the
1395:Cornish
1319:Galford
1236:Selwood
1228:Geraint
1220:Aldhelm
1194:, near
1192:Posbury
1152:Peonnum
1098:Axmouth
1080:In 577
1000:Nennius
940:Channel
915:minster
904:tre(f)-
882:Hembury
818:bishops
778:Brychan
729:fishing
706:Cornish
694:Channel
641:Dobunni
588:Devnent
580:Dewnans
576:Cornish
520:*dubno-
483:Ptolemy
479:Britain
468:British
229:History
108:is the
45:Capital
4846:Tribes
4793:Fianna
4580:Shelta
4524:Breton
4344:status
4282:Shinty
4257:Gouren
4221:Cnapan
4215:Cammag
4128:Imbolc
4051:Carnyx
3977:Tartan
3896:Carnyx
3663:Mannin
3639:Kernow
3627:Breizh
3497:Gaelic
3453:Fáinne
3398:Brehon
3372:Breton
3321:Druids
3175:Places
2882:Volcae
2827:Belgae
2788:·
2786:
2780:·
2778:
2772:·
2770:
2713:
2687:
2661:
2642:
2601:
2434:; cf.
2404:
2360:
2329:
2188:
2105:
2070:
1952:
1946:526281
1944:
1844:
1817:
1780:
1752:
1698:
1643:
1452:Kernev
1411:Kernev
1403:Breton
1401:) and
1327:Danish
1311:Defnas
1307:Wealas
1277:Kernow
1273:Cernyw
1269:Cerniu
1257:Defnas
1144:. The
1123:Mercia
1094:Bindon
1090:Clemen
1050:, and
1008:, the
990:Gildas
968:290 –
894:rounds
826:Parish
806:Exeter
798:Bodmin
782:saints
710:Breton
667:Veneti
620:French
584:Breton
552:Defnas
544:Wessex
505:Gildas
471:Celtic
403:Mining
382:Topics
196:on the
174:Breton
166:Breton
142:Wessex
94:Rulers
88:Dorset
56:Exeter
4836:Lists
4657:Noric
4572:Mixed
4552:Irish
4534:Welsh
4198:Bando
4191:Sport
4092:Wales
4008:Music
3941:Torcs
3931:Mazes
3861:Wales
3687:Cymru
3682:Wales
3565:Music
3488:Vates
3483:TĂşath
3433:Druid
3362:Welsh
3352:Irish
2938:Scots
2920:Irish
2915:Gaels
2910:Welsh
2857:Gauls
2847:Gaels
2818:Names
2790:
2782:
2774:
2755:Celts
2565:(PDF)
2550:(PDF)
2422:Asser
2002:(PDF)
1960:JSTOR
1950:S2CID
1942:JSTOR
1559:Magor
1299:Welsh
1275:, or
1252:Hehil
1119:Penda
1096:near
986:Latin
944:Trigg
742:Ictis
718:Ogham
714:DĂ©isi
698:Wales
568:Welsh
556:Welsh
475:Roman
370:Truro
126:Devon
76:Devon
4731:and
4557:Manx
4444:and
3675:Alba
3651:Éire
3570:Rock
3478:Sept
3458:Fili
3393:Bard
3191:Alba
2933:Manx
2757:and
2711:ISBN
2685:ISBN
2659:ISBN
2640:ISBN
2599:ISBN
2573:2013
2516:link
2480:link
2436:ibid
2402:ISBN
2383:2016
2358:ISBN
2327:ISBN
2212:help
2186:ISBN
2103:ISBN
2068:ISBN
2010:2015
1984:2015
1886:2007
1842:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1778:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1495:Bath
1472:and
1429:that
1052:Bede
1030:and
998:and
984:and
884:and
863:Bath
800:and
780:and
755:Gaul
731:and
708:and
651:and
643:and
528:noun
499:and
466:, a
184:Name
86:and
78:and
62:400)
4741:Law
4729:Law
3871:Art
3463:Law
1934:doi
1468:of
1425:).
1283:".
1202:'s
1121:of
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1002:'s
992:'s
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749:or
669:of
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509:pun
485:'s
318:Law
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5064::
3241:/
3237:/
3223:/
3214:/
3210:/
3206:/
3202:/
3198:/
3189:/
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1936::
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