2183:
2362:
2429:
2203:
2330:
2346:
118:
2130:
2114:
2256:
2162:
134:
4620:
2274:
2294:
2312:
5994:
4455:
4425:
2536:
2381:
2219:
710:
3435:"The resentment of the Sardinian Nation towards the Piedmontese had been growing for more than half a century, when they began to keep for themselves all the lucrative employments on the island, to violate the ancient privileges granted to the Sardinians by the Kings of Aragon, to promote to the highest positions people of their own kind while leaving to the Sardinians only the episcopates of Ales, Bosa and Castelsardo, that is Ampurias. The arrongance and scorn with which the Piedmontese had been treating the Sardinians by calling them bums, dirty, cowards and other similar and irritating names, and above all the most common expression of
2409:
1637:
2469:
2599:
1206:
2235:
4564:
4399:
4553:
4385:
735:
696:
183:
2146:
4543:
4435:
4375:
4595:
4574:
796:
4355:
4345:
4532:
4315:
4445:
4415:
4335:
8043:
1647:
3948:
654:
4325:
4522:
4365:
4009:
668:
682:
4585:
1484:
4509:
8032:
749:
4606:
1384:
2535:
1992:, which functioned as the constitution of the state. The Statute was proclaimed only because of concern at the revolutionary insurrection agitating Italy in 1848. At the time, Charles Albert was only following the example of other Italian rulers, but his Statute was the only constitution to survive the repression that followed the
3471:"Che qualcosa bollisse in pentola, in Sardegna, poteva essere compreso fin dal 1780. Molte delle recriminazioni contro il governo piemontese erano ormai più che mature, con una casistica di atti, fatti, circostanze a sostenerle, tanto per la classe aristocratica, quanto per le altre componenti sociali." Onnis, Omar (2015).
1544:, when people in Cagliari started chasing any Piedmontese functionaries they could find and expelled them from the island. Thus, Sardinia became the first European country to have engaged in a revolution of its own, the episode not being the result of a foreign military importation like in most of Europe.
2468:
1821:
Garibaldi was disappointed in this development, as well as in the loss of his home province, Nice, to France. He also failed to fulfill the promises that had gained him popular and military support by the
Sicilians: that the new nation would be a republic, not a kingdom, and that the Sicilians would
1841:
of all other
Apennine states, plus Sicily, to the Kingdom of Sardinia. The institutions and laws of the kingdom were quickly extended to all of Italy, abolishing the administrations of the other regions. Piedmont became the most dominant and wealthiest region in Italy and the capital of Piedmont,
1774:
voted in referendums to join the
Kingdom of Sardinia. This alarmed Napoleon, who feared a strong Savoyard state on his south-eastern border and he insisted that if the Kingdom of Sardinia were to keep the new acquisitions they would have to cede Savoy and Nice to France. This was done through the
1749:
Due to the
Austrian government's refusal to cede any lands to the Kingdom of Sardinia, they agreed to cede Lombardy to Napoleon, who in turn then ceded the territory to the Kingdom of Sardinia to avoid "embarrassing" the defeated Austrians. Cavour angrily resigned from office when it became clear
3457:
may paint it out to be. The
Sardinians wanted to get rid of them not only because they stood as a symbol of an anachronistic dominion, hostile to both the autonomy and the progress of the island, but also and perhaps especially because their presumptuosness and intrusiveness had already become
1129:, and hence this title was and still is used often to indicate the whole of their possessions. In reality, the Savoys ruled not a unitary state, but a complex array of different entities and titles with different institutional, cultural, and legal backgrounds. These included for example the
1001:
Under
Savoyard rule, the kingdom's government, ruling class, cultural models and center of population were entirely situated in the peninsula. The island of Sardinia had always been of secondary importance to the monarchy. While the capital of the island of Sardinia and the seat of
2598:
2182:
1679:
and associated islands, the
Kingdom of Sardinia was troubled with political instability under alternating governments. After a short and disastrous renewal of the war with Austria in 1849, Charles Albert abdicated on 23 March 1849 in favour of his son
1878:, sponsoring the building of many railroads and canals. Between 1838 and 1842 Cavour began several initiatives in attempts to solve economic problems in his area. He experimented with different agricultural techniques on his estate, such as growing
2932:
3505:"Mentre a Parigi si ghigliottinava Robespierre e il governo repubblicano prendeva una piega più moderata, la Sardegna era in piena rivoluzione. Primo paese europeo a seguire l'esempio della Francia, peraltro dopo averne respinto le
1611:
issued by
Charles Albert; as a result, the kingdom's fundamental institutions were deeply transformed, assuming the shape of a constitutional and centralized monarchy on the French model; under the same pressure, Charles Albert
2914:
2380:
2428:
1438:, Duke of Savoy and Prince of Piedmont (and now King of Sicily too), had to agree to yield Sicily to the Austrian Habsburgs and receive Sardinia in exchange. The exchange was formally ratified in the
994:. The Savoyards united it with their historical possessions on the Italian peninsula, and the kingdom came to be progressively identified with the peninsular states, which included, besides Savoy and
2361:
998:, dynastic possessions like the Principality of Piedmont and the County of Nice, over both of which the Savoyards had been exercising their control since the 13th century and 1388, respectively.
2202:
1874:. Cavour believed that economic progress had to precede political change, and stressed the advantages of railroad construction in the peninsula. He was a strong supporter of transportation by
1594:
and returned the lands and power to the nobility and the Church. This reactionary policy went as far as discouraging the use of roads built by the French. These changes typified
Sardinia.
1534:
The refusal by the
Savoyards of recognizing the Sardinian's rights and representaion in government caused the Sardinian Vespers (also known as the "Three years of revolution") started by
1607:
under liberal pressure. In the same year the island of Sardinia, a Piedmontese dependency for more than a century, lost its own residual autonomy to the peninsula through the so-called
1442:
of 17 February 1720. Because the Kingdom of Sardinia had existed since the 14th century, the exchange allowed Victor Amadeus to retain the title of king in spite of the loss of Sicily.
3509:
militari. La rivoluzione in Sardegna, insomma, non era un fenomeno d'importazione. Le rivoluzioni altrove furono suscitate dall'arrivo delle armi francesi e da esse protette (come la
3911:
Zedda Corrado – Pinna Raimondo, La nascita dei Giudicati. Proposta per lo scioglimento di un enigma storiografico, in Archivio Storico Giuridico di Sassari, seconda serie, n° 12, 2007
1523:
to abdicate and leave for the island of Sardinia. The provisionary government voted to unite Piedmont with France. In 1799 the Austro-Russians briefly occupied the city, but with the
1818:
in the central peninsula. Cavour was satisfied with the unification, while Garibaldi, who was too revolutionary for the king and his prime minister, wanted to conquer Rome as well.
3856:
Gallinari Luciano, Il Giudicato di Cagliari tra XI e XIII secolo. Proposte di interpretazioni istituzionali, in Rivista dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Europa Mediterranea, n°5, 2010
3451:"The hostility against the Piedmontese was no longer a matter of employments, like the last period of Spanish rule, the dispatches of the viceroy Balbiano and the demands of the
3122:
1850:
throughout the peninsula, especially in southern Italy, and on the island of Sicily, because of the perceived unfair treatment of the south by the Piedmontese ruling class. The
4491:
4651:
4286:
1445:
Victor Amadeus initially resisted the exchange, and until 1723 continued to style himself King of Sicily rather than King of Sardinia. The state took the official title of
182:
2826:
6254:
2329:
3333:
3009:
4588:
2345:
8097:
2273:
4138:
3526:
Wells, H. G., Raymond Postgate, and G. P. Wells. The Outline of History, Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956. p. 753
3439:, that is "Sardinian donkeys", did little but worsen their disposition as the days passed, and gradually alienated them from this nation." Tommaso Napoli,
1036:(1814–15), which restructured Europe after Napoleon's defeat, returned to Savoy its peninsular possessions and augmented them with Liguria, taken from the
2864:
In 1848, the Statute or constitution issued by King Carlo Alberto for the kingdom of Sardinia proclaimed "the only State religion" the Roman Catholic one.
8092:
4484:
2024:
398:
4644:
4279:
7102:
938:
act of 1847, which created a unitary kingdom. Due to the fact that Piedmont was the seat of power and prominent part of the entity, the state is
3489:
3172:
2000:
was achieved in 1860 and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the Kingdom of Italy. Even though it suffered deep modifications, especially during the
3773:
Schena, Olivetta. "The role played by towns in parliamentary commissions in the kingdom of Sardinia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries."
7134:
4477:
3892:
Motzo Bachisio Raimondo, Studi sui bizantini in Sardegna e sull'agiografia sarda, Deputazione di Storia Patria della Sardegna, Cagliari, 1987
2408:
2255:
873:
8077:
7765:
7117:
4637:
4272:
3198:
17:
2293:
1946:
which was formally referred to as the "States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia", such as in the documents of the Congress of Vienna.
1704:
7729:
6659:
3098:
1742:, both French victories, Napoleon thought the war too costly to continue and made a separate peace behind Cavour's back in which only
7863:
6045:
2218:
473:
3665:
8087:
7770:
3905:
Paulis Giulio, Lingua e cultura nella Sardegna bizantina: testimonianze linguistiche dell'influsso greco, Sassari, L'Asfodelo, 1983
2311:
1961:
which abolished the administrative differences between the mainland states and the island of Sardinia, in a fashion similar to the
1186:
which abolished the administrative differences between the mainland states and the island of Sardinia, creating a unitary kingdom.
2234:
2129:
2113:
7335:
6463:
6132:
5993:
5002:
4133:
3914:
1882:, and was one of the first Italian landowners to use chemical fertilizers. He also founded the Piedmontese Agricultural Society.
1859:
1097:(1870). On 17 March 1861, to more accurately reflect its new geographic, cultural and political extent, the Kingdom of Sardinia
8082:
6547:
5919:
2161:
1064:, the various Savoyard states were unified under one legal system with their capital in Turin, and granted a constitution, the
3635:
2748:
8013:
7176:
4085:
3821:
AAVV. (a cura di F. Manconi), La società sarda in età spagnola, Cagliari, Consiglio Regionale della Sardegna, 2 voll., 1992-3
3747:
3562:
3409:
3368:
3327:
3286:
3248:
3152:
3116:
3041:
3003:
2968:
2926:
2887:
2857:
2818:
1831:
443:
4458:
3415:
3374:
3292:
3254:
3047:
8112:
7810:
7085:
6893:
6127:
5304:
5022:
4121:
3317:
2993:
2635:
1834:
1299:
1098:
1032:, the king of Sardinia temporarily resided on the island for the first time in Sardinia's history under Savoyard rule. The
553:
8072:
7139:
6468:
6427:
5560:
5508:
2674:
2669:
2016:
in 1948, which superseded several primary features of the document, with specific regard to those of monarchical nature.
1374:
659:
35:
3593:
7858:
7443:
7070:
6903:
6664:
6442:
6432:
6107:
5699:
5370:
3936:
3076:
2527:
7090:
7065:
6908:
6437:
6142:
6112:
6067:
5811:
5419:
3900:
3884:
3864:
3829:
3790:
3728:
3699:
3681:
2590:
2562:
1993:
1613:
1358:
1082:
866:
701:
188:
7462:
6743:
6629:
5940:
4660:
1465:
117:
7586:
7498:
7345:
7340:
7171:
7039:
6002:
5963:
5829:
4170:
3756:
Romani, Roberto. "The Reason of the Elites: Constitutional Moderatism in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1849–1861." in
2616:
2553:
2486:
1731:
1520:
275:(already official in the peninsula since the 16th century via the Rivoli Edict; introduced to Sardinia in 1760),
1516:
7534:
7122:
6599:
6401:
6310:
6209:
6157:
5805:
5709:
5653:
4811:
4180:
4080:
3874:
3845:
3660:
Antonicelli, Aldo. "From Galleys to Square Riggers: The modernization of the navy of the Kingdom of Sardinia."
3240:
Power and Ceremony in European History: Rituals, Practices and Representative Bodies since the Late Middle Ages
3033:
Power and Ceremony in European History: Rituals, Practices and Representative Bodies since the Late Middle Ages
2715:
1871:
1847:
1640:
1408:
429:
387:
4619:
3824:
Blasco Ferrer Eduardo, Crestomazia Sarda dei primi secoli, collana Officina Linguistica, Ilisso, Nuoro, 2003,
3513:). È un tratto peculiare, quasi sempre trascurato, della nostra stagione rivoluzionaria." Onnis, Omar (2015).
133:
7785:
7616:
7503:
7034:
7029:
6055:
5694:
5628:
5427:
5159:
5082:
4933:
4328:
4057:
3976:
2921:, Cambridge Studies in Italian History and Culture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 210–253,
2066:
2001:
1688:
1571:
1528:
1431:
1392:
1378:
822:
3712:
8102:
8067:
7544:
7483:
7468:
7320:
7181:
6634:
6325:
6020:
4388:
4368:
4358:
4052:
4045:
3966:
2654:
2649:
2020:
2009:
1780:
859:
356:
7888:
7606:
7452:
7234:
7144:
7044:
6930:
6898:
6583:
6504:
6082:
5958:
5823:
5775:
5466:
4953:
4348:
4035:
3763:
Romani, Roberto. "Reluctant Revolutionaries: Moderate Liberalism in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1849–1859."
2580:
2521:
1795:
1759:
1650:
1282:). After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region was repeatedly invaded by the Burgundians, the
1248:
1086:
842:
715:
284:
2145:
1559:, which returned the region of Savoy to its borders after it had been annexed by France in 1792. By the
7943:
7571:
7391:
7298:
7271:
7206:
7080:
6614:
6540:
6411:
6162:
6117:
5983:
5912:
5769:
5763:
5714:
5704:
5134:
5119:
4982:
4454:
4428:
4424:
4378:
4338:
4318:
3996:
2664:
2631:
2499:
2085:
in the four cantons, or adding a blue border, or using a blue flag with the Savoy cross in one canton.
1958:
1791:
1500:
1480:
and claimed it as part of Sardinia. Since then the archipelago has been a part of the Sardinian region.
1439:
1183:
975:
506:
171:
3185:
2073:
became the flag of a naval power. This posed the problem that the same flag was already in use by the
1636:
8122:
8117:
8107:
7973:
7739:
7662:
7626:
6644:
6609:
6604:
6396:
6122:
5881:
5164:
3484:
3168:
1625:
1575:
7988:
7978:
7958:
7928:
7883:
7581:
7423:
7355:
7325:
7305:
7186:
6862:
6827:
6624:
6030:
5787:
5139:
4992:
4928:
4577:
1978:
1927:
1346:
1138:
1125:
The Kingdom of Sardinia was the title with the highest rank among the territories possessed by the
1077:
in 1853, the Savoyards had built the kingdom into a strong power. There followed the annexation of
911:
795:
3944:
1790:
started his campaign to conquer southern Italy in the name of the Kingdom of Sardinia. He quickly
1391:
The Spanish domination of Sardinia ended at the beginning of the 18th century, as a result of the
7868:
7631:
7488:
7458:
7433:
7350:
7310:
7249:
7148:
6913:
6883:
6375:
6365:
6097:
5875:
5550:
5442:
5404:
4899:
4829:
3837:
1205:
344:
6102:
3209:
7566:
7554:
7330:
7315:
7007:
6649:
6406:
5973:
5835:
5781:
5729:
5719:
5555:
5498:
5169:
3929:
2503:
2096:, surmounted by the Savoyard shield, as his flag. This flag would later become the flag of the
1776:
1763:
1587:
1564:
1531:
without the royal army's help, stayed out of the reach of the French for the rest of the war.
1527:(1800), the French regained control. The island of Sardinia, having defeated the armies of the
1512:
1049:
532:
4552:
3850:
Coroneo Roberto, Arte in Sardegna dal IV alla metà dell'XI secolo, edizioni AV, Cagliari, 2011
3441:
Relazione ragionata della sollevazione di Cagliari e del Regno di Sardegna contro i Piemontesi
2819:"Limba Sarda 2.0S'italianu in Sardigna? Impostu a òbligu de lege cun Boginu – Limba Sarda 2.0"
2782:
The phonology of Campidanian Sardinian : a unitary account of a self-organizing structure
1620:. After initial success, the war took a turn for the worse and Charles Albert was defeated by
123:
7873:
7800:
7780:
7694:
7643:
7401:
7381:
7191:
6785:
6753:
6639:
6619:
6533:
6447:
6219:
6050:
5905:
5799:
5643:
5595:
5581:
5409:
5149:
5062:
5012:
4691:
4674:
4598:
4418:
4128:
4090:
4075:
3510:
2919:
Politics and Diplomacy in Early Modern Italy: The Structure of Diplomatic Practice, 1450–1800
2806:
Settecento sardo e cultura europea: Lumi, società, istituzioni nella crisi dell'Antico Regime
2013:
1541:
1504:
1469:
1342:
4563:
7724:
7539:
7428:
7406:
7060:
6958:
6842:
6710:
6199:
5928:
5847:
5724:
5663:
5648:
5571:
5535:
5491:
5481:
5259:
5231:
5037:
4881:
4779:
4723:
4067:
4030:
4025:
3986:
3554:
The Changing Faces of Federalism: Institutional Reconfiguration in Europe From East to West
2280:
2040:
2036:
1962:
1723:
1708:
1454:
1230:
827:
817:
812:
742:
341:
280:
98:
4398:
3834:
Boscolo Alberto, La Sardegna bizantina e alto giudicale, Edizioni Della TorreCagliari 1978
1028:
When the peninsular domains of the House of Savoy were occupied and eventually annexed by
1025:
of 1847, when all the kingdom's governmental institutions would be centralized in Turin.
8:
8008:
7998:
7953:
7719:
7684:
7679:
7396:
7017:
6953:
6873:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6280:
6087:
6040:
6025:
6010:
5869:
5600:
5503:
5486:
5476:
5331:
5254:
5077:
5072:
5007:
4907:
4817:
4556:
4448:
4203:
4106:
4040:
4017:
3991:
1997:
1919:
1739:
1692:
1662:
1604:
1583:
1560:
1473:
1420:
1416:
1238:
1146:
1029:
1003:
963:
903:
847:
803:
31:
4384:
2012:), the Statute lasted mostly unaltered in the structure until the implementation of the
1822:
see great economic gains after unification. The former did not come to pass until 1946.
7983:
7968:
7948:
7805:
7746:
7699:
7621:
7478:
7448:
7438:
7413:
7386:
7293:
7286:
7222:
6978:
6973:
6690:
6345:
6335:
6264:
6229:
6072:
5793:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5658:
5623:
5618:
5576:
5540:
5399:
5294:
5216:
5189:
5129:
5032:
5017:
4855:
4835:
4218:
4213:
4198:
4193:
3971:
2974:
2044:
1982:
1974:
1939:
1787:
1681:
1676:
1654:
1556:
1412:
1168:
1061:
1033:
939:
923:
837:
250:
70:
6290:
5897:
7933:
7923:
7795:
7709:
7674:
7601:
7591:
7369:
7239:
7153:
6983:
6963:
6937:
6925:
6720:
6715:
6700:
6695:
6680:
6509:
6499:
6320:
6300:
6152:
5638:
5633:
5566:
5525:
5519:
5360:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5067:
5047:
4997:
4987:
4968:
4542:
4255:
4237:
4230:
4116:
3981:
3922:
3896:
3880:
3870:
3860:
3841:
3825:
3786:
3743:
3724:
3695:
3677:
3558:
3405:
3364:
3323:
3282:
3244:
3148:
3112:
3037:
2999:
2964:
2922:
2883:
2853:
2460:
1989:
1891:
1735:
1599:
1548:
1547:
In 1814, the Crown of Savoy enlarged its territories with the addition of the former
1524:
1477:
1450:
1435:
1424:
1400:
1396:
1303:
1225:. This region, named Allobrigia and later "Sapaudia" in Latin, was integrated to the
1110:
1066:
1037:
991:
979:
687:
609:
375:
334:
254:
4469:
3869:
Manconi Francesco, Una piccola provincia di un grande impero, CUEC, Cagliari, 2012,
3627:
2978:
2740:
1499:
In 1792, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the other states of the Savoy crown joined the
8003:
7825:
7775:
7756:
7751:
7704:
7611:
7549:
7529:
7517:
7473:
7276:
7256:
7244:
7107:
6988:
6705:
6568:
6560:
6330:
6244:
6239:
6224:
6204:
6178:
6092:
6077:
5855:
5437:
5432:
5355:
5289:
5284:
5154:
5124:
5092:
4948:
4893:
4872:
4850:
4629:
4299:
4264:
4225:
4188:
4148:
4111:
3704:
3104:
2956:
2097:
2093:
2074:
2060:
2005:
1966:
1902:. In 1816, after regaining their peninsular domains, the scudo was replaced by the
1621:
1515:, giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. On 6 December 1798 General
1287:
1057:
983:
728:
458:
321:
288:
272:
262:
258:
84:
7075:
4434:
4374:
3859:
Manconi Francesco, La Sardegna al tempo degli Asburgo, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2010,
7913:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7790:
7714:
7576:
7095:
6993:
6878:
6778:
6685:
6370:
6340:
6259:
6147:
5378:
5346:
5341:
5321:
5184:
5144:
5114:
5097:
5057:
5042:
5027:
4958:
4943:
4860:
4840:
4713:
4594:
4573:
3809:
3801:
3552:
3535:
3493:
3399:
3358:
3276:
3238:
3031:
2877:
1970:
1907:
1895:
1767:
1719:
1617:
1591:
1350:
967:
832:
603:
302:
276:
203:
5236:
4143:
1570:
In the reaction after Napoleon, the country was ruled by conservative monarchs:
8046:
7993:
7963:
7908:
7815:
7689:
7636:
7596:
7266:
7261:
7112:
7012:
6968:
6920:
6868:
6822:
6790:
6748:
6725:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6305:
6295:
6137:
5978:
5952:
5861:
5757:
5751:
5351:
5326:
5199:
5194:
5179:
5174:
5109:
5104:
5087:
5052:
4845:
4823:
4767:
4706:
4609:
4567:
4546:
4535:
4504:
2659:
2495:
2089:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1903:
1851:
1712:
1700:
1608:
1579:
1488:
1458:
1404:
1200:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1022:
995:
971:
935:
927:
919:
915:
907:
899:
891:
673:
621:
540:
519:
307:
207:
159:
56:
4344:
1842:
Turin, remained the Italian capital until 1865, when the capital was moved to
8061:
7918:
7559:
7129:
6817:
6795:
6654:
6249:
6234:
6214:
6183:
6035:
5545:
5383:
4887:
4761:
4733:
4531:
4314:
3585:
3108:
2391:
2101:
2070:
1779:, which also called for referendums to confirm the annexation. Subsequently,
1597:
The Kingdom of Sardinia industrialized from 1830 onward. A constitution, the
1314:
1113:
of the Kingdom of Italy, which in turn is the predecessor of the present-day
987:
4444:
4414:
4334:
3853:
Coroneo Roberto, Scultura mediobizantina in Sardegna, Nuoro, Poliedro, 2000,
3068:
1387:
19th-century coat of arms of the Kingdom of Sardinia under the Savoy dynasty
1307:
8036:
7843:
7648:
7418:
7022:
6888:
6837:
6812:
6391:
6285:
6062:
5968:
4918:
4773:
4753:
4500:
2960:
2625:
2571:
2512:
2395:
2078:
2048:
1899:
1875:
1727:
1582:(1831–49), who fought at the head of a contingent of his own troops at the
1552:
1260:
1226:
1153:
itself. The Savoys themselves referred to their possessions as a whole as "
1094:
615:
417:
4354:
3879:
Mastino Attilio, Storia della Sardegna Antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005,
1021:
seat of power. This situation would be conferred official status with the
7938:
7878:
7848:
7201:
6832:
6315:
5471:
5336:
1879:
1696:
1672:
1334:
1234:
1074:
1045:
483:
467:
452:
279:(official in the peninsula since the 16th century via the Rivoli Edict),
3768:
3319:
Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700)
3278:
Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700)
2995:
Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700)
2953:
Sabaudian Studies: Political Culture, Dynasty, and Territory (1400–1700)
2043:
functioned as the military of Kingdom of Sardinia until they became the
1938:
and others) were held by the Savoys in their own right, hence forming a
1783:
showed over 99.5% majorities in both areas in favour of joining France.
1325:(now in France). Other areas remained independent, such as the powerful
1322:
922:
and others) were held by the Savoys in their own right, hence forming a
7196:
6805:
6514:
4242:
3895:
Ortu Gian Giacomo, La Sardegna dei Giudici, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005,
2850:
Religious intolerance and discrimination in selected European countries
1838:
1646:
1338:
1214:
597:
3100:
Sardinia-Piedmont | 12 | Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento 1790 – 1
1910:, the coins that had been in use on the island throughout the period.
6015:
4738:
4438:
4158:
3908:
Spanu Luigi, Cagliari nel seicento, Edizioni Castello, Cagliari, 1999
1798:, which was the largest of the states in the region, stretching from
4324:
2707:
1996:(1848–49). The Statute remained the basis of the legal system after
1870:
Major progress in the economy was achieved during the government of
1718:
In 1859, France sided with the Kingdom of Sardinia in a war against
1691:
was installed and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the engine driving
1298:(773). At the time, what is known today as Piedmont, as part of the
978:, the island of Sardinia and its title of kingdom were ceded by the
7853:
7838:
7833:
7734:
6768:
6763:
5456:
4938:
4743:
4686:
4521:
4364:
4163:
4153:
3952:
3947:
3538:
A Monograph on Plebiscites, with a Collection of Official Documents
3453:
2913:
Stobbs, Christopher (2000), Belton, Adrian; Frigo, Daniela (eds.),
2586:
2188:
Royal Standard of the Savoyard kings of Sardinia of Savoy dynasty (
1843:
1743:
1508:
1291:
1244:
1150:
1102:
1078:
1010:
895:
231:
4008:
2461:
Territorial evolution of the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1859 to 1860
2077:. Because of this, the Savoyards modified their flag for use as a
1483:
1218:
1161:: "gli Stati del Re di Sardegna"). Today, historians use the term
902:. Before 1847, only the island of Sardinia proper was part of the
6800:
6525:
4718:
4679:
4584:
4295:
1811:
1807:
1799:
1771:
1668:
1256:
1252:
1053:
1017:, the capital of Savoy since the mid 16th century, which was the
962:
Before becoming a possession of the House of Savoy, the medieval
316:
292:
4508:
3808:
old interpretations but useful on details; vol 1 goes to 1859];
3740:
Cavour and the Economic Modernization of the Kingdom of Sardinia
3586:"Coppa, Frank J., "Cavour, Count Camillo Benso di (1810–1861)",
3486:
Sa dì de s´acciappa – Dramma storico in due tempi e sette quadri
1918:
Before 1847, only the island of Sardinia proper was part of the
1631:
7493:
5226:
4605:
3840:, La storia di Sardegna, Carlo Delfino Editore, Sassari, 1994,
2784:, Roberto Bolognesi, The Hague : Holland Academic Graphics
2100:, and the tricolor without the Savoyard escutcheon remains the
1803:
1383:
1326:
1295:
1090:
1041:
780:
775:
1730:
did not keep his promises to Cavour to fight until all of the
1540:("the day of the pursuit and capture"), commemorated today as
1171:
where many different and distinct territories are united in a
6773:
6556:
5204:
4728:
4701:
3196:
2772:, vol. 3, a cura di Giorgia Ingrassia e Eduardo Blasco Ferrer
1855:
1815:
1590:
to the Spanish throne. Victor Emanuel I disbanded the entire
1563:, the Kingdom of Sardinia extended its protectorate over the
1494:
1399:
of 1713, Spain's European empire was divided: Savoy received
1362:
1354:
1318:
1283:
1279:
1209:
The Savoyards' Italian possessions in the early 18th century.
1114:
1014:
770:
536:
224:
139:
2808:; Antonello Mattone, Piero Sanna; FrancoAngeli Storia; pp.18
187:
Kingdom of Sardinia in 1859 including conquest of Lombardy;
7281:
6758:
4696:
2082:
2054:
1330:
1229:. In the 5th century, the region of Savoy was ceded by the
1222:
1106:
154:
3889:
Meloni Piero, La Sardegna Romana, Chiarella, Sassari, 1980
2915:"Savoyard diplomacy in the eighteenth century (1684-1798)"
3630:
Flags of the World: Kingdom of Sardinia – Part 1 (Italy).
2743:
Flags of the World: Kingdom of Sardinia – Part 2 (Italy).
27:
Historical period of the Savoyard state from 1720 to 1861
1922:, while the other mainland possessions (principally the
906:, while the other mainland possessions (principally the
5927:
3190:
1060:. In 1847–48, through an act of Union analogous to the
3799:
3551:
Ortino, Sergio; Zagar, Mitja; Mastny, Vojtech (2005).
1145:, which were distinct and not juridically part of the
4499:
1449:, as the House of Savoy still claimed the thrones of
4659:
4294:
1750:
that Victor Emmanuel would accept this arrangement.
1734:
had been conquered. Following the bloody battles of
1487:
A map of the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1856, after the
7040:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
3237:Kalinowska, Anna; Spangler, Jonathan (2021-09-09).
3030:Kalinowska, Anna; Spangler, Jonathan (2021-09-09).
2955:. Vol. 12. Penn State University Press. 2013.
2710:
Bandiere degli Stati preunitari italiani: Sardegna.
3401:Turin and the British in the Age of the Grand Tour
3236:
3029:
1854:ruled Italy until 1946, when Italy was declared a
1368:
3550:
3536:Wambaugh, Sarah & Scott, James Brown (1920),
3097:"Cavour and the achievement of unity (1852–61)".
2069:in 1713 and the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1723, the
1109:. The Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia was thus the
894:from 1720 until 1861, which united the island of
90:
8059:
1898:, it was replaced in general circulation by the
1427:, Sardinia, and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan.
1270:), who founded several colonies there including
1167:to indicate this entity, which is an example of
1101:, and its capital was eventually moved first to
268:During the Savoyard period as a composite state:
5845:
3783:War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720
3674:Italy in the Age of the Risorgimento, 1790–1870
3360:War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690–1720
2879:An Introduction to Ancient and Modern Geography
1825:
1535:
1247:was inhabited in early historic times by Celto-
62:
2735:
2733:
1056:and adjacent areas to the newly-created Swiss
8098:States and territories disestablished in 1861
6541:
5913:
4645:
4485:
4280:
3930:
3615:The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy
1753:
1632:Savoyard struggle for the Italian unification
867:
76:
5048:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
3557:. Manchester University Press. p. 183.
3397:
2438:) and Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Italy (
3709:Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento
3540:, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 599
3404:. Cambridge University Press. p. 142.
3398:Bianchi, Paola; Wolfe, Karin (2017-09-21).
3142:
2730:
2023:, while the head of the government was the
2008:(who ruled with the tacit approval of King
1695:. The Kingdom of Sardinia took part in the
1511:and forced to conclude the disadvantageous
48:
8093:States and territories established in 1324
6548:
6534:
5920:
5906:
4652:
4638:
4492:
4478:
4287:
4273:
3937:
3923:
3692:The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire
3069:"Sardinia-Piedmont, Kingdom of, 1848–1849"
2702:
2700:
1555:against France. This was confirmed by the
1495:Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna
932:States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia
874:
860:
181:
6046:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
2192:) and State Flag of the Savoyard States (
2025:Prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia
1988:In 1848, King Charles Albert granted the
1447:Kingdom of Sardinia, Cyprus and Jerusalem
1194:
3737:
3197:Aldo Sandulli; Giulio Vesperini (2011).
2875:
2055:Flags, royal standards and coats of arms
1957:) was the 1847 act of the Savoyard King
1645:
1635:
1482:
1382:
1317:added Piedmont to their main segment of
1204:
1099:changed its name to the Kingdom of Italy
30:For broader coverage of this topic, see
6464:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
6133:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
5003:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
3775:Parliaments, Estates and Representation
3671:
3206:Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico
3199:"L'organizzazione dello Stato unitario"
2869:
2847:
2697:
2680:
2367:War Ensign of the Kingdom of Sardinia (
1217:settled down in the region between the
986:claimants to the Spanish throne to the
930:which was formally referred to as the "
14:
8060:
3780:
3718:
3544:
3462:, Editore Mursia, Milano, 1971, pp.793
3356:
3352:
3350:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3274:
3243:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 158.
3232:
3230:
2991:
2912:
1830:On 17 March 1861, law no. 4671 of the
6529:
5901:
4633:
4473:
4268:
3918:
3638:from the original on 23 December 2017
3578:
3458:insufferable." Raimondo Carta Raspi,
3393:
3391:
3147:. New York: Oxford University Press.
3145:The napoleonic wars: a global history
2908:
2906:
2882:. Cummings and Hilliard. p. 98.
2751:from the original on 25 February 2017
2394:with the coat of arms of Savoy as an
2092:of Savoy adopted the "revolutionary"
2065:When the Duchy of Savoy acquired the
1890:The currency in use in Savoy was the
1832:Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia
1062:one between Great Britain and Ireland
934:". This situation was changed by the
898:with the mainland possessions of the
247:Since the Iberian period in Sardinia:
7086:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
6428:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
6128:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
3742:. New York: Garland Publishing Inc.
3721:The Red Shirt and the Cross of Savoy
2829:from the original on 8 December 2015
2636:proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
2081:in various ways, adding the letters
1457:, although both had long been under
1149:, which included only the island of
8078:Viceroyalties of the Spanish Empire
6469:National Unity and Armed Forces Day
3347:
3306:
3227:
3208:(in Italian): 47–49. Archived from
2852:. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 166.
24:
6555:
6443:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
6433:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
6108:Second Italian War of Independence
4139:Archaeological and artistic sights
3803:The Life and Times of Cavour vol 1
3496:, Piero Marcialis, 1996, Condaghes
3388:
3357:Storrs, Christopher (2000-01-13).
3090:
3061:
2903:
2528:Second Italian War of Independence
1906:, which in 1821 also replaced the
1781:somewhat controversial referendums
1687:In 1852, a liberal ministry under
1551:, now a duchy, and it served as a
1155:the States of the King of Sardinia
25:
8134:
6438:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
6143:Third Italian War of Independence
6113:United Provinces of Central Italy
6068:First Italian War of Independence
5812:United Provinces of Central Italy
3758:Sensibilities of the Risorgimento
3322:. Penn State Press. p. 261.
2998:. Penn State Press. p. 261.
2591:United Provinces of Central Italy
2589:and before the annexation of the
2563:United Provinces of Central Italy
1586:, which restored the reactionary
1013:, it was the Piedmontese city of
953:and sometimes erroneously as the
702:United Provinces of Central Italy
8042:
8041:
8030:
5992:
4661:List of historic states of Italy
4618:
4604:
4593:
4583:
4572:
4562:
4551:
4541:
4530:
4520:
4507:
4453:
4443:
4433:
4423:
4413:
4397:
4383:
4373:
4363:
4353:
4343:
4333:
4323:
4313:
4007:
3946:
3588:Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions
2718:from the original on 31 May 2019
2597:
2534:
2467:
2427:
2407:
2379:
2360:
2344:
2328:
2310:
2292:
2272:
2254:
2233:
2217:
2201:
2181:
2160:
2144:
2128:
2112:
794:
747:
733:
708:
694:
680:
666:
652:
132:
116:
8088:1861 disestablishments in Italy
7771:Orders, decorations, and medals
5794:Provisional Government of Milan
3800:Thayer, William Roscoe (1911).
3760:(Brill, 2018) pp. 192–244.
3723:. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co.
3719:Martin, George Whitney (1969).
3654:
3620:
3607:
3596:from the original on 2010-06-09
3529:
3520:
3515:La Sardegna e i sardi nel tempo
3511:rivoluzione napoletana del 1799
3499:
3478:
3473:La Sardegna e i sardi nel tempo
3465:
3445:
3429:
3418:from the original on 2023-08-16
3377:from the original on 2023-08-16
3336:from the original on 2023-08-16
3295:from the original on 2023-08-16
3268:
3257:from the original on 2023-08-16
3175:from the original on 2023-06-05
3161:
3143:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2020).
3136:
3125:from the original on 2023-01-19
3079:from the original on 2023-01-19
3050:from the original on 2023-08-16
3023:
3012:from the original on 2023-08-16
2985:
2945:
2935:from the original on 2023-05-10
2675:Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)
2670:Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
1835:proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy
1375:Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)
1369:Exchange of Sardinia for Sicily
1213:During the 3rd century BC, the
1178:The situation changed with the
660:Kingdom of Sardinia (1700–1720)
554:Became the new Kingdom of Italy
175:"The Sardinian national anthem"
36:Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)
6402:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
6210:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
6158:Italian entry into World War I
4993:City of Fiume and its District
4081:List of presidents of Sardinia
3810:volume 2 online covers 1859–62
3785:. Cambridge University Press.
3363:. Cambridge University Press.
3316:Vester, Matthew (2013-03-25).
3275:Vester, Matthew (2013-03-25).
3169:"Sardinia, Historical Kingdom"
2992:Vester, Matthew (2013-03-25).
2841:
2811:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2335:Merchant Flag and War Ensign (
1973:between 1707 and 1716 and the
1872:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1814:on Sicily. He then marched to
1641:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1306:, was subdivided into several
1259:. They later submitted to the
1120:
507:Became part of the Savoy state
13:
1:
8083:1324 establishments in Europe
6255:Annibale Santore di Santarosa
5428:County of Apulia and Calabria
4934:Campagna e Marittima Province
3815:
2351:Civil Flag and Civil Ensign (
2194:late 16th - late 18th century
1913:
1689:Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
1605:the year of revolutions, 1848
1529:French expedition to Sardinia
1432:War of the Quadruple Alliance
1393:War of the Spanish Succession
1379:Kingdom of Sicily under Savoy
1264:
890:is a term used to denote the
6326:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
6021:Revolutions during the 1820s
3781:Storrs, Christopher (1999).
2685:
2655:List of viceroys of Sardinia
2650:List of monarchs of Sardinia
1826:Towards the Kingdom of Italy
1507:, but was beaten in 1796 by
18:Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
7:
8113:Former monarchies of Europe
7811:Water supply and sanitation
7235:Italian geographical region
7103:Monarchy and the World Wars
7045:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
6931:War of the Sicilian Vespers
6584:Timeline of Italian history
6505:Revisionism of Risorgimento
6083:Sicilian revolution of 1848
5964:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
5959:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
5830:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
5824:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
5776:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
4954:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
3738:Murtaugh, Frank M. (1991).
3694:, The Belknap Press, 2009,
2643:
2581:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2522:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2240:State flag and war ensign (
2208:State Flag and War Ensign (
2030:
1885:
1796:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1732:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1175:by having the same ruler.
1087:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
970:and then of the burgeoning
716:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
10:
8139:
8073:Former countries in Europe
7730:Inventions and discoveries
7140:Fall of the Fascist regime
7123:Fourth War of Independence
7081:Expedition of the Thousand
7071:Second War of Independence
6412:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
6118:Expedition of the Thousand
5984:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
5770:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
5764:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
5165:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
5135:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
5120:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
3517:, Arkadia, Cagliari, p.152
3475:, Arkadia, Cagliari, p.149
2632:Expedition of the Thousand
2058:
2019:The head of state was the
1959:Charles Albert of Sardinia
1865:
1754:Garibaldi and the Thousand
1660:
1657:in Teano (26 October 1860)
1519:occupied Turin and forced
1501:War of the First Coalition
1372:
1198:
1189:
1184:Charles Albert of Sardinia
29:
8026:
7824:
7670:
7661:
7525:
7516:
7504:Security and intelligence
7377:
7368:
7230:
7221:
7164:
7091:Third War of Independence
7066:First War of Independence
7053:
6946:
6855:
6736:
6673:
6592:
6576:
6567:
6477:
6456:
6420:
6397:Franz Joseph I of Austria
6384:
6274:Literature and philosophy
6273:
6192:
6171:
6123:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
6001:
5990:
5939:
5882:Free Territory of Trieste
5742:
5672:
5611:
5594:
5518:
5455:
5418:
5400:Principality of Benevento
5392:
5369:
5314:
5303:
5245:
5215:
4967:
4917:
4871:
4802:
4789:
4752:
4667:
4616:
4516:
4406:
4395:
4306:
4253:
4179:
4099:
4066:
4016:
4005:
3959:
3036:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2770:Storia della lingua sarda
2609: Kingdom of Sardinia
2546: Kingdom of Sardinia
2479: Kingdom of Sardinia
2386:Civil and merchant flag (
1994:First War of Independence
1626:Battle of Custozza (1848)
823:Phoenician–Punic Sardinia
763:
631:
590:
586:
576:
572:
567:
563:
550:
529:
516:
503:
493:
489:
479:
464:
449:
439:
435:
423:
411:
407:
397:
393:
381:
369:
365:
355:
327:
315:
298:
242:
217:
196:
180:
166:
150:
112:
107:
43:
7182:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
7177:Institutional referendum
5788:Italian United Provinces
5140:Principality of Piombino
4929:Patrimony of Saint Peter
4578:Principality of Piedmont
4407:Americas and East Indies
3960:Administrative divisions
3590:, Ohio University, 1998"
3109:10.4324/9781315836836-12
2876:Cummings, Jacob (1821).
2848:Seiwert, Hubert (2011).
2690:
2634:, and on the eve of the
2617:Kingdom Lombardy–Venetia
2585:After the annexation of
2554:Kingdom Lombardy–Venetia
2487:Kingdom Lombardy–Venetia
2418:) and Kingdom of Italy (
1928:Principality of Piedmont
1182:of 1847, an act of King
1139:Principality of Piedmont
976:1720 Treaty of The Hague
912:Principality of Piedmont
425:• 1860–1861 (last)
383:• 1849–1861 (last)
7705:Emigration and diaspora
6914:Guelphs and Ghibellines
6899:the Sardinian Judicates
6376:Francesco Saverio Salfi
6366:Gian Domenico Romagnosi
5876:Italian Social Republic
5551:Principality of Taranto
5443:Principality of Taranto
5405:Principality of Salerno
5160:Bishopric of Tarantasia
4983:Bishopric of Bressanone
4900:Duchy of the Pentapolis
4589:Principality of Oneglia
3838:Casula Francesco Cesare
3672:Hearder, Harry (1986).
3186:Encyclopædia Britannica
2794:S'italianu in Sardìnnia
2665:S'hymnu sardu nationale
2455:
2212:): Civil Flag "crowned"
2014:republican constitution
1711:, and fighting against
1651:King Victor Emmanuel II
1294:(6th century), and the
1237:and became part of the
345:Constitutional monarchy
172:S'hymnu sardu nationale
91:
7587:Science and technology
7535:Italian regions by GDP
7336:Marine protected areas
7008:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6407:Klemens von Metternich
5974:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5929:Unification of Italy (
5782:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5556:Terra Sancti Benedicti
5460:(from the 9th century)
5170:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4171:National football team
3664:102.2 (2016): 153–173
3613:Beales & Biagini,
2961:10.5325/j.ctv1c9hnc2.7
2047:on 4 May 1861 and the
1969:and the realms of the
1658:
1643:
1565:Principality of Monaco
1536:
1513:Treaty of Paris (1796)
1491:
1388:
1210:
1195:Early history of Savoy
1083:central Italian states
1050:Treaty of Turin (1816)
228:(1720–1798, 1814–1861)
77:
63:
49:
7786:Public administration
6894:the Holy Roman Empire
6448:Tricolour Flag Museum
6220:Federico Confalonieri
6051:Republic of San Marco
5800:Republic of San Marco
5582:Crown Colony of Malta
5410:Principality of Capua
5150:Marquisate of Saluzzo
5013:County of Santa Fiora
4675:Etruscan civilization
4599:Marquisate of Saluzzo
4129:Sa die de sa Sardigna
4076:Elections in Sardinia
3777:39.3 (2019): 304–315.
3460:Storia della Sardegna
1848:many revolts exploded
1667:Like all the various
1649:
1639:
1542:Sa die de sa Sardigna
1505:French First Republic
1486:
1470:Maddalena archipelago
1386:
1208:
966:had been part of the
243:Common languages
8014:World Heritage Sites
7469:Council of Ministers
7207:Coronavirus pandemic
6605:Currency and coinage
6103:Plombières Agreement
5596:French Revolutionary
5536:State of the Presidi
5260:Republic of Florence
5232:Domini di Terraferma
4882:Exarchate of Ravenna
4780:Western Roman Empire
4724:Nuragic civilization
4031:Sardinia and Corsica
3662:The Mariner's Mirror
3281:. Penn State Press.
2979:10.5325/j.ctv1c9hnc2
2796:, Amos Cardia, Iskra
2681:Notes and references
2281:Royal Sardinian Navy
2224:State and war flag (
2041:Royal Sardinian Navy
2037:Royal Sardinian Army
1963:Nueva Planta decrees
1806:on the peninsula to
1724:Austro-Sardinian War
1466:Charles Emmanuel III
1321:, with a capital at
1231:Western Roman Empire
828:Sardinia and Corsica
818:Nuragic civilization
813:Pre-Nuragic Sardinia
743:Second French Empire
413:• 1848 (first)
371:• 1720 (first)
8103:History of Sardinia
8068:Kingdom of Sardinia
7545:Automotive industry
7484:Metropolitan cities
7030:Early Modern period
7003:Kingdom of Sardinia
6954:Italian city-states
6495:Italian nationalism
6490:Italian irredentism
6485:Altare della Patria
6281:Giovanni Arrivabene
6088:Ten Days of Brescia
6041:Revolutions of 1848
6026:Revolutions of 1830
6011:Rimini Proclamation
5949:Kingdom of Sardinia
5870:Free State of Fiume
5818:Kingdom of Sardinia
5561:Neapolitan Republic
5509:Kingdom of Sardinia
5504:Republic of Sassari
5332:Catepanate of Italy
5255:Republic of Cospaia
5078:Duchy of Montferrat
5073:March of Montferrat
5008:County of Guastalla
4908:Exarchate of Africa
4557:Duchy of Montferrat
4526:Kingdom of Sardinia
4134:Tourist attractions
3676:. London: Longman.
3103:. Routledge. 1983.
2010:Victor Emmanuel III
1998:Italian unification
1920:Kingdom of Sardinia
1837:, so ratifying the
1693:Italian unification
1663:Italian unification
1584:Battle of Trocadero
1561:Treaty of Stupinigi
1537:sa dii de s'aciappa
1521:Charles Emmanuel IV
1474:Strait of Bonifacio
1440:Treaty of The Hague
1421:Spanish Netherlands
1417:Archduke of Austria
1272:Augusta Taurinorum
1251:tribes such as the
1239:Kingdom of Burgundy
1147:Kingdom of Sardinia
1073:By the time of the
964:Kingdom of Sardinia
955:Kingdom of Piedmont
940:also referred to as
904:Kingdom of Sardinia
888:Kingdom of Sardinia
848:Kingdom of Sardinia
843:Sardinian Judicates
804:History of Sardinia
495:• Established
474:Chamber of Deputies
45:Kingdom of Sardinia
32:Kingdom of Sardinia
7607:Telecommunications
6974:Maritime republics
6346:Alessandro Manzoni
6336:Francesco Lomonaco
6265:Victor Emmanuel II
6230:Giuseppe Garibaldi
6073:Five Days of Milan
5941:Pre-unitary states
5700:Lucca and Piombino
5577:Malta Protectorate
5541:Duke of San Donato
5295:Republic of Ancona
5217:Republic of Venice
5130:Duchy of Mirandola
5018:Duchy of Guastalla
4856:Duchy of Tridentum
4836:Duchy of Benevento
4803:Barbarian kingdoms
3765:Historical Journal
3711:(Oxford UP, 1971)
3492:2018-06-25 at the
3215:on 2 November 2018
2526:On the eve of the
2373:aspect ratio 31:76
2279:War Ensign of the
2051:on 17 March 1861.
2045:Royal Italian Army
2002:fascist government
1940:composite monarchy
1788:Giuseppe Garibaldi
1699:, allied with the
1682:Victor Emmanuel II
1677:Apennine peninsula
1659:
1644:
1557:Congress of Vienna
1492:
1413:Holy Roman Emperor
1389:
1361:moved the seat to
1359:Emmanuel Philibert
1357:in 1416, and Duke
1353:was elevated to a
1211:
1169:composite monarchy
1034:Congress of Vienna
924:composite monarchy
838:Byzantine Sardinia
388:Victor Emmanuel II
8055:
8054:
8022:
8021:
7657:
7656:
7592:Southern question
7512:
7511:
7444:Political parties
7392:Foreign relations
7364:
7363:
7217:
7216:
6938:Kingdom of Naples
6926:Kingdom of Sicily
6523:
6522:
6510:Southern question
6321:Vincenzo Gioberti
6301:Felice Cavallotti
6200:Massimo d'Azeglio
6153:Law of Guarantees
5895:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5738:
5737:
5705:Massa and Carrara
5590:
5589:
5567:Hospitaller Malta
5526:Kingdom of Naples
5520:Kingdom of Sicily
5451:
5450:
5361:Duchy of Sorrento
5280:Republic of Genoa
5275:Republic of Siena
5270:Republic of Massa
5265:Republic of Lucca
4998:County of Gorizia
4988:Corsican Republic
4969:Holy Roman Empire
4627:
4626:
4467:
4466:
4262:
4261:
4086:Political parties
3749:978-0-8153-0671-9
3705:Mack Smith, Denis
3564:978-0-7190-6996-3
3411:978-1-107-14770-6
3370:978-1-139-42519-3
3329:978-0-271-09100-6
3288:978-0-271-09100-6
3250:978-1-350-15219-9
3154:978-0-19-995106-2
3118:978-1-315-83683-6
3043:978-1-350-15219-9
3005:978-0-271-09100-6
2970:978-1-61248-094-7
2928:978-0-511-52329-8
2889:978-1-341-37795-2
2859:978-3-643-99894-1
2088:Eventually, King
2067:Kingdom of Sicily
1990:Statuto Albertino
1892:Piedmontese scudo
1758:On 5 March 1860,
1603:, was enacted in
1600:Statuto Albertino
1572:Victor Emmanuel I
1549:Republic of Genoa
1525:Battle of Marengo
1478:Republic of Genoa
1436:Victor Amadeus II
1425:Kingdom of Naples
1403:and parts of the
1397:Treaty of Utrecht
1304:Holy Roman Empire
1111:legal predecessor
1067:Statuto Albertino
1038:Republic of Genoa
1030:Napoleonic France
992:Victor Amadeus II
951:Piedmont-Sardinia
884:
883:
789:
788:
759:
758:
755:
754:
721:
720:
688:Republic of Genoa
610:Piedmontese scudo
376:Victor Amadeus II
335:Absolute monarchy
311:
78:Regno di Sardegna
64:Rennu de Sardigna
16:(Redirected from
8130:
8123:Christian states
8118:Island countries
8108:Former countries
8045:
8044:
8037:Italy portal
8034:
8033:
7974:National symbols
7668:
7667:
7523:
7522:
7375:
7374:
7228:
7227:
7108:Kingdom of Italy
7035:Napoleonic Italy
6574:
6573:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6527:
6526:
6331:Giacomo Leopardi
6311:Giuseppe Ferrari
6245:Bettino Ricasoli
6240:Giuseppe Mazzini
6225:Francesco Crispi
6205:Agostino Bertani
6179:Cockade of Italy
6163:Impresa di Fiume
6093:Belfiore martyrs
6078:Sortie on Mestre
5996:
5922:
5915:
5908:
5899:
5898:
5856:Kingdom of Italy
5843:
5842:
5609:
5608:
5438:County of Sicily
5433:County of Aversa
5356:Byzantine Sicily
5342:Theme of Lucania
5312:
5311:
5290:Republic of Pisa
5285:Republic of Noli
5155:Duchy of Spoleto
5125:Duchy of Merania
5023:Kingdom of Italy
4949:Duchy of Ferrara
4894:Duchy of Perugia
4873:Byzantine Empire
4851:Duchy of Spoleto
4818:Ostrogothic rule
4800:
4799:
4668:Pre-Roman period
4654:
4647:
4640:
4631:
4630:
4622:
4608:
4597:
4587:
4576:
4566:
4555:
4545:
4534:
4524:
4511:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4471:
4470:
4457:
4447:
4437:
4427:
4417:
4401:
4387:
4377:
4367:
4357:
4347:
4337:
4327:
4317:
4300:Spanish monarchy
4289:
4282:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4210:Corso-Sardinian
4011:
3951:
3950:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3916:
3915:
3807:
3796:
3753:
3734:
3690:Luttwak Edward,
3687:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3624:
3618:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3548:
3542:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3518:
3503:
3497:
3482:
3476:
3469:
3463:
3449:
3443:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3203:
3194:
3188:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2910:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2704:
2623:
2614:
2608:
2601:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2545:
2538:
2519:
2510:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2471:
2431:
2411:
2383:
2364:
2348:
2332:
2314:
2296:
2276:
2258:
2237:
2221:
2205:
2185:
2164:
2148:
2132:
2116:
2098:Kingdom of Italy
2094:Italian tricolor
2075:Knights of Malta
2061:Flag of Sardinia
2021:King of Sardinia
2006:Benito Mussolini
1967:Crown of Castile
1955:Fusione perfetta
1746:would be ceded.
1622:Marshal Radetzky
1539:
1419:), received the
1300:Kingdom of Italy
1269:
1266:
1115:Italian Republic
1093:(1866), and the
1058:Canton of Geneva
1044:'s accession to
1006:had always been
876:
869:
862:
798:
791:
790:
751:
750:
737:
736:
729:Kingdom of Italy
725:
724:
712:
711:
698:
697:
684:
683:
670:
669:
656:
655:
649:
648:
633:
632:
459:Subalpine Senate
305:
185:
136:
120:
102:
94:
92:Regn ëd Sardëgna
88:
80:
74:
66:
60:
52:
50:Regnum Sardiniae
41:
40:
21:
8138:
8137:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8051:
8031:
8018:
7989:Public holidays
7820:
7766:Life expectancy
7653:
7508:
7424:Law enforcement
7360:
7213:
7160:
7149:Social Republic
7113:Colonial Empire
7096:Capture of Rome
7049:
6942:
6851:
6744:Ancient peoples
6732:
6669:
6630:Historic states
6588:
6563:
6554:
6524:
6519:
6473:
6452:
6416:
6380:
6371:Antonio Rosmini
6341:Goffredo Mameli
6291:Giosuè Carducci
6269:
6260:Ruggero Settimo
6188:
6167:
6148:Capture of Rome
5997:
5988:
5935:
5926:
5896:
5887:
5841:
5744:
5743:Post-Napoleonic
5734:
5668:
5604:
5598:
5586:
5528:
5524:
5523:(1130–1816) and
5522:
5514:
5459:
5447:
5414:
5388:
5379:Emirate of Bari
5365:
5352:Theme of Sicily
5347:Duchy of Naples
5322:Duchy of Amalfi
5307:
5299:
5247:
5246:Other Republics
5241:
5219:
5211:
5205:County of Tenda
5185:County of Savoy
5145:Duchy of Reggio
5115:Duchy of Mantua
5043:March of Friuli
4975:
4973:
4971:
4963:
4959:Duchy of Urbino
4944:Duchy of Castro
4921:
4913:
4867:
4861:Duchy of Tuscia
4841:Duchy of Friuli
4804:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4785:
4764:(753 BC–509 BC)
4748:
4663:
4658:
4628:
4623:
4614:
4601:
4580:
4559:
4538:
4512:
4498:
4468:
4463:
4459:Río de la Plata
4402:
4393:
4302:
4293:
4263:
4258:
4249:
4175:
4095:
4062:
4012:
4003:
3955:
3945:
3943:
3818:
3793:
3767:(2012): 45–73.
3750:
3731:
3684:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3641:
3639:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3612:
3608:
3599:
3597:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3549:
3545:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3504:
3500:
3494:Wayback Machine
3483:
3479:
3470:
3466:
3450:
3446:
3434:
3430:
3421:
3419:
3412:
3396:
3389:
3380:
3378:
3371:
3355:
3348:
3339:
3337:
3330:
3314:
3307:
3298:
3296:
3289:
3273:
3269:
3260:
3258:
3251:
3235:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3201:
3195:
3191:
3178:
3176:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3141:
3137:
3128:
3126:
3119:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3082:
3080:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3053:
3051:
3044:
3028:
3024:
3015:
3013:
3006:
2990:
2986:
2971:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2936:
2929:
2911:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2846:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2823:Limba Sarda 2.0
2817:
2816:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2706:
2705:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2646:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2567:
2565:
2558:
2556:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2508:
2506:
2491:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2458:
2443:
2432:
2423:
2412:
2403:Royal Standards
2398:
2390:), the Italian
2384:
2375:
2365:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2288:
2277:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2186:
2172:
2165:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2133:
2124:
2117:
2063:
2057:
2033:
1971:Crown of Aragon
1916:
1908:Sardinian scudo
1888:
1868:
1828:
1777:Treaty of Turin
1760:Parma, Piacenza
1756:
1665:
1634:
1592:Napoleonic Code
1497:
1381:
1373:Main articles:
1371:
1351:County of Savoy
1286:(5th century),
1267:
1203:
1197:
1192:
1123:
968:Crown of Aragon
880:
833:Vandal Sardinia
785:
748:
734:
709:
695:
681:
667:
653:
627:
604:Sardinian scudo
579:
556:
543:
522:
509:
496:
470:
455:
426:
414:
384:
372:
351:
347:
337:
303:Catholic Church
270:
266:
249:
238:
234:
227:
213:
204:Sovereign state
192:
176:
174:
158:(Motto for the
157:
146:
145:
144:
142:
137:
129:
128:
126:
121:
103:
96:
89:
82:
75:
68:
61:
54:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8136:
8126:
8125:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8053:
8052:
8050:
8049:
8039:
8027:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7830:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7762:
7761:
7760:
7759:
7744:
7743:
7742:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7671:
7665:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7640:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7597:Stock exchange
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7557:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7526:
7520:
7514:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7506:
7501:
7499:Municipalities
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7459:Prime Minister
7456:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7410:
7409:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7378:
7372:
7366:
7365:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7346:Regional parks
7343:
7341:National parks
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7250:Climate change
7242:
7237:
7231:
7225:
7219:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7168:
7166:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7151:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7126:
7125:
7115:
7110:
7100:
7099:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7057:
7055:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7015:
7013:Duchy of Savoy
7010:
7005:
7000:
6999:
6998:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6950:
6948:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6923:
6921:Lombard League
6918:
6917:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6843:Western Empire
6835:
6830:
6828:Roman conquest
6825:
6820:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6749:Italic peoples
6740:
6738:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6596:
6594:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6580:
6578:
6571:
6565:
6564:
6553:
6552:
6545:
6538:
6530:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6361:Carlo Pisacane
6358:
6356:Silvio Pellico
6353:
6351:Ippolito Nievo
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6306:Vincenzo Cuoco
6303:
6298:
6296:Carlo Cattaneo
6293:
6288:
6283:
6277:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6181:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6138:Roman Question
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6056:Roman Republic
6053:
6048:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6007:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5979:Duchy of Parma
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5953:House of Savoy
5945:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5925:
5924:
5917:
5910:
5902:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5862:Italian Empire
5852:
5850:
5840:
5839:
5833:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5806:Roman Republic
5803:
5797:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5758:Duchy of Lucca
5755:
5752:Duchy of Genoa
5748:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5606:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5495:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5463:
5461:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5327:Duchy of Gaeta
5324:
5318:
5316:
5309:
5305:Southern Italy
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5251:
5249:
5248:(c. 1000–1797)
5243:
5242:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5223:
5221:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5200:County of Nice
5197:
5195:Duchy of Aosta
5192:
5187:
5182:
5175:Savoyard state
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5110:Duchy of Milan
5107:
5105:Duchy of Ivrea
5102:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4897:
4891:
4878:
4876:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4846:Duchy of Ivrea
4843:
4838:
4827:
4821:
4815:
4812:Odoacer's rule
4808:
4806:
4797:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4777:
4776:(27 BC–395 AD)
4771:
4770:(509 BC–27 BC)
4768:Roman Republic
4765:
4758:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4707:Cisalpine Gaul
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4657:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4634:
4625:
4624:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4610:County of Nice
4602:
4591:
4581:
4570:
4568:Duchy of Genoa
4560:
4549:
4547:Duchy of Aosta
4539:
4536:Duchy of Savoy
4528:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4505:House of Savoy
4497:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4474:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4451:
4441:
4431:
4421:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4381:
4371:
4361:
4351:
4341:
4331:
4321:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4292:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3997:South Sardinia
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3903:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3877:
3867:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3835:
3832:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3797:
3791:
3778:
3771:
3761:
3754:
3748:
3735:
3729:
3716:
3702:
3688:
3682:
3669:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3619:
3606:
3577:
3563:
3543:
3528:
3519:
3498:
3477:
3464:
3444:
3428:
3410:
3387:
3369:
3346:
3328:
3305:
3287:
3267:
3249:
3226:
3189:
3160:
3153:
3135:
3117:
3089:
3060:
3042:
3022:
3004:
2984:
2969:
2944:
2927:
2902:
2888:
2868:
2858:
2840:
2810:
2798:
2786:
2774:
2762:
2729:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2660:Spanish Empire
2657:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2620:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2596:
2594:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2533:
2531:
2516:
2507:
2494: Duchies
2490:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2434:Crown Prince (
2433:
2426:
2424:
2413:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2385:
2378:
2376:
2366:
2359:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2298:
2291:
2289:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2187:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2090:Charles Albert
2059:Main article:
2056:
2053:
2032:
2029:
1951:Perfect Fusion
1944:personal union
1936:Duchy of Genoa
1932:County of Nice
1924:Duchy of Savoy
1915:
1912:
1904:Sardinian lira
1896:Napoleonic era
1887:
1884:
1867:
1864:
1852:House of Savoy
1827:
1824:
1755:
1752:
1701:Ottoman Empire
1661:Main article:
1633:
1630:
1609:Perfect fusion
1580:Charles Albert
1578:(1821–31) and
1496:
1493:
1489:Perfect Fusion
1464:In 1767–1769,
1405:Duchy of Milan
1370:
1367:
1310:and counties.
1201:Duchy of Savoy
1199:Main article:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1180:Perfect Fusion
1173:personal union
1164:Savoyard state
1143:County of Nice
1135:Duchy of Aosta
1131:Duchy of Savoy
1127:House of Savoy
1122:
1119:
1023:Perfect Fusion
972:Spanish Empire
936:Perfect Fusion
928:personal union
920:Duchy of Genoa
916:County of Nice
908:Duchy of Savoy
900:House of Savoy
892:Savoyard state
882:
881:
879:
878:
871:
864:
856:
853:
852:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
807:
806:
800:
799:
787:
786:
784:
783:
778:
773:
767:
765:
761:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
745:
739:
738:
731:
722:
719:
718:
713:
705:
704:
699:
691:
690:
685:
677:
676:
674:Duchy of Savoy
671:
663:
662:
657:
645:
644:
639:
629:
628:
626:
625:
622:Sardinian lira
619:
613:
607:
601:
594:
592:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
551:
548:
547:
544:
530:
527:
526:
523:
520:Perfect fusion
517:
514:
513:
510:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
481:
480:Historical era
477:
476:
471:
465:
462:
461:
456:
450:
447:
446:
441:
437:
436:
433:
432:
427:
424:
421:
420:
415:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
401:
399:Prime Minister
395:
394:
391:
390:
385:
382:
379:
378:
373:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
353:
352:
350:
349:
339:
331:
329:
325:
324:
319:
313:
312:
300:
296:
295:
244:
240:
239:
237:
236:
229:
221:
219:
215:
214:
212:
211:
200:
198:
194:
193:
191:in light green
186:
178:
177:
164:
163:
160:House of Savoy
148:
147:
138:
131:
130:
122:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
105:
104:
47:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8135:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8063:
8048:
8040:
8038:
8029:
8028:
8025:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7827:
7823:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7748:
7745:
7741:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7660:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7515:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7464:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7367:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7300:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7292:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7251:
7248:
7247:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7192:Years of Lead
7190:
7188:
7187:Economic Boom
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7130:Fascist Italy
7128:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7101:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7076:Niçard exodus
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7052:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6945:
6939:
6936:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6796:Magna Graecia
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6747:
6746:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6735:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6585:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6551:
6546:
6544:
6539:
6537:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6476:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:National days
6455:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6250:Aurelio Saffi
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:Daniele Manin
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6215:Celso Ceretti
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6185:
6184:Flag of Italy
6182:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6036:Neo-Guelphism
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5995:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5932:
5923:
5918:
5916:
5911:
5909:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5868:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5849:
5844:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5741:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5671:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5593:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5546:Duchy of Sora
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5517:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5454:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5384:Muslim Sicily
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5368:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5313:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4909:
4906:
4901:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4888:Duchy of Rome
4886:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4870:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4788:
4781:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4762:Roman Kingdom
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4734:Magna Graecia
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4643:
4641:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4621:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4495:
4490:
4488:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4257:
4252:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4010:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3940:
3935:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:9788889801024
3898:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3885:9788889801635
3882:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3866:
3865:9788864290102
3862:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:9788887825657
3827:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3798:
3794:
3792:0-521-55146-3
3788:
3784:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3730:0-396-05908-2
3726:
3722:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3700:9780674035195
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3683:0-582-49146-0
3679:
3675:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3623:
3616:
3610:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3566:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3532:
3523:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3481:
3474:
3468:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3437:Sardi molenti
3432:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3392:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3353:
3351:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3312:
3310:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3233:
3231:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3187:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3093:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2907:
2891:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2872:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2736:
2734:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2618:
2600:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2488:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:Merchant Flag
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2261:Merchant Flag
2257:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:flag of Italy
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:flag of Savoy
2068:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1979:Great Britain
1976:
1975:Acts of Union
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:. During the
1893:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:Ferdinand VII
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:Charles Felix
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:Oddo of Savoy
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268: 220 BC
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1202:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
989:
988:Duke of Savoy
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
959:
956:
952:
948:
944:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
877:
872:
870:
865:
863:
858:
857:
855:
854:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
808:
805:
802:
801:
797:
793:
792:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
766:
764:Today part of
762:
746:
744:
741:
740:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:
717:
714:
707:
706:
703:
700:
693:
692:
689:
686:
679:
678:
675:
672:
665:
664:
661:
658:
651:
650:
647:
646:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
630:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
555:
549:
545:
542:
538:
534:
528:
524:
521:
515:
511:
508:
502:
498:
492:
488:
485:
482:
478:
475:
472:
469:
463:
460:
457:
454:
448:
445:
442:
438:
434:
431:
430:Camillo Benso
428:
422:
419:
416:
410:
406:
402:
400:
396:
392:
389:
386:
380:
377:
374:
368:
364:
360:
358:
354:
346:
343:
342:Parliamentary
340:
336:
333:
332:
330:
326:
323:
320:
318:
314:
309:
304:
301:
297:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
241:
233:
230:
226:
223:
222:
220:
216:
209:
205:
202:
201:
199:
195:
190:
184:
179:
173:
169:
165:
161:
156:
153:
149:
141:
135:
125:
119:
111:
106:
100:
93:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:
51:
42:
37:
33:
19:
7874:Architecture
7844:Quattrocento
7801:Social class
7781:Prostitution
7695:Demographics
7617:Trade unions
7560:Central Bank
7402:Human rights
7382:Constitution
7165:Contemporary
7135:World War II
7023:Italian Wars
7002:
6947:Early modern
6889:Papal States
6867:Italy under
6813:Ancient Rome
6392:Pope Pius IX
6286:Cesare Balbo
6193:Main leaders
6063:Quadrilatero
5969:Papal States
5948:
5931:Risorgimento
5930:
5858:(1861–1946)
5836:Papal States
5817:
5664:Transpadania
5237:Stato da Màr
4919:Papal States
4830:Lombard rule
4794:Early Modern
4782:(395–476 AD)
4774:Roman Empire
4754:Ancient Rome
4525:
3802:
3782:
3774:
3764:
3757:
3739:
3720:
3708:
3691:
3673:
3661:
3655:Bibliography
3640:. Retrieved
3629:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3598:. Retrieved
3587:
3580:
3568:. Retrieved
3553:
3546:
3537:
3531:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3501:
3485:
3480:
3472:
3467:
3459:
3452:
3447:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3420:. Retrieved
3400:
3379:. Retrieved
3359:
3338:. Retrieved
3318:
3297:. Retrieved
3277:
3270:
3259:. Retrieved
3239:
3217:. Retrieved
3210:the original
3205:
3192:
3177:. Retrieved
3163:
3144:
3138:
3127:. Retrieved
3099:
3092:
3081:. Retrieved
3073:www.ohio.edu
3072:
3063:
3052:. Retrieved
3032:
3025:
3014:. Retrieved
2994:
2987:
2952:
2947:
2937:, retrieved
2918:
2893:. Retrieved
2878:
2871:
2863:
2849:
2843:
2831:. Retrieved
2822:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2742:
2720:. Retrieved
2709:
2626:Papal States
2572:Papal States
2513:Papal States
2448:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2435:
2419:
2415:
2396:inescutcheon
2387:
2372:
2368:
2352:
2336:
2320:
2302:
2284:
2264:
2241:
2225:
2209:
2193:
2189:
2168:
2152:
2136:
2120:
2108:Coat of Arms
2087:
2079:naval ensign
2064:
2049:Regia Marina
2034:
2018:
1987:
1965:between the
1954:
1948:
1917:
1900:French franc
1889:
1876:steam engine
1869:
1829:
1820:
1785:
1757:
1748:
1728:Napoleon III
1717:
1686:
1666:
1614:declared war
1598:
1596:
1569:
1553:buffer state
1546:
1533:
1503:against the
1498:
1468:annexed the
1463:
1446:
1444:
1429:
1390:
1312:
1275:
1274:(Turin) and
1271:
1243:
1227:Roman Empire
1212:
1177:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1124:
1105:and then to
1095:Papal States
1081:(1859), the
1072:
1065:
1052:transferred
1040:. Following
1027:
1018:
1007:
1004:its viceroys
1000:
961:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
931:
887:
885:
642:Succeeded by
641:
636:
616:French franc
578:• 1821
418:Cesare Balbo
267:
246:
189:client state
167:
152:Motto:
151:
140:Coat of arms
7939:Italophilia
7899:Coat of arm
7849:Cinquecento
7725:Immigration
7675:Aristocracy
7540:Agriculture
7434:Nationality
7407:LGBT rights
7321:Earthquakes
7202:Mani pulite
7118:World War I
7061:Unification
7054:Late modern
7018:Renaissance
6863:Middle Ages
6856:Middle Ages
6833:Roman Italy
6600:Citizenship
6316:Ugo Foscolo
6098:Crimean War
6031:Young Italy
5884:(1947–1954)
5878:(1943–1945)
5872:(1920–1924)
5864:(1882–1960)
5848:unification
5838:(1814–1870)
5832:(1815–1866)
5826:(1816–1861)
5820:(1814–1860)
5814:(1859–1860)
5808:(1849–1850)
5802:(1848–1849)
5784:(1815–1859)
5778:(1814–1859)
5772:(1814–1859)
5766:(1814–1829)
5760:(1815–1847)
5754:(1815–1848)
5644:Parthenopea
5605:(1792–1815)
5563:(1647–1648)
5529:(1282–1816)
5511:(1324–1861)
5472:Agugliastra
5337:Longobardia
4974:independent
4824:Vandal rule
4429:New Granada
4204:Campidanese
4091:Nationalism
4026:Nuragic era
2833:28 November
2265:c.1799–1802
2250:Other Flags
2177:State Flags
1880:sugar beets
1839:annexations
1697:Crimean War
1673:city-states
1574:(1802–21),
1430:During the
1339:marquisates
1335:Alessandria
1302:within the
1235:Burgundians
1121:Terminology
1075:Crimean War
1046:Switzerland
974:. With the
637:Preceded by
624:(1816–1861)
618:(1800–1814)
484:Late modern
468:Lower house
453:Upper house
440:Legislature
348:(1849–1861)
338:(1720–1849)
281:Piedmontese
235:(1798–1814)
210:(1720–1861)
143:(1833–1848)
127:(1816–1848)
99:Piedmontese
8062:Categories
8009:Traditions
7999:Television
7984:Philosophy
7949:Literature
7889:Cathedrals
7859:Settecento
7720:Healthcare
7685:Corruption
7680:Censorship
7439:Parliament
7397:Government
7197:Maxi Trial
7145:Resistance
6874:Ostrogoths
6806:Messapians
6691:Villanovan
6681:Prehistory
6674:Prehistory
6515:Third Rome
5715:Pontecorvo
5673:Monarchies
5659:Subalpinia
5624:Cispadania
5619:Cisalpinia
5601:Napoleonic
5308:(774–1139)
5220:(697–1797)
4922:(754–1870)
4884:(584–751)
4832:(568–774)
4256:Categories
4243:Tabarchino
4199:Logudorese
4149:Sardinians
3875:8884677882
3846:8871380843
3816:In Italian
3600:2023-05-07
3422:2023-05-18
3381:2023-05-18
3340:2023-07-10
3299:2023-05-10
3261:2023-05-10
3179:2023-01-19
3129:2023-01-19
3083:2023-01-19
3054:2023-05-10
3016:2023-07-10
2939:2023-05-10
2630:After the
2449:References
2317:War Ensign
1914:Government
1860:referendum
1409:Charles VI
1347:Montferrat
1337:, and the
1288:Byzantines
1215:Allobroges
598:Cagliarese
568:Population
444:Parliament
328:Government
317:Demonym(s)
7969:Mythology
7944:Libraries
7864:Ottocento
7806:Terrorism
7747:Languages
7700:Education
7622:Transport
7572:Companies
7479:Provinces
7449:President
7414:Judiciary
7387:Elections
7299:Volcanoes
7294:Volcanism
7287:Apennines
7272:Mountains
7240:Peninsula
7223:Geography
7154:Civil War
6879:Byzantium
6786:Etruscans
6721:Canegrate
6716:Golasecca
6701:Rinaldone
6696:Terramare
6686:Neolithic
6500:Redshirts
6385:Opponents
6016:Carbonari
5690:Guastalla
5680:Benevento
5612:Republics
5467:Judicates
5315:Byzantine
4972:and other
4910:(585–698)
4902:(554–752)
4896:(554–752)
4890:(533–751)
4875:(584–751)
4826:(435–534)
4820:(493–553)
4814:(476–493)
4805:(476–774)
4739:Iapygians
4439:New Spain
4419:Columbian
4329:Catalonia
4231:Algherese
4219:Sassarese
4214:Gallurese
4194:Sardinian
4181:Languages
4159:Corsicans
4036:Judicates
3972:Provinces
3617:, p. 108.
2686:Footnotes
2440:1861–1880
2436:1848–1861
2420:1861–1880
2416:1848–1861
2392:tricolore
2388:1851–1861
2369:1816–1848
2353:1816–1848
2337:1814–1816
2321:1802–1814
2303:1802–1814
2285:1785–1802
2242:1851–1861
2226:1848–1851
2210:1816–1848
2190:1720-1848
2169:1848–1861
2153:1831–1848
2137:1815–1831
2121:1720–1815
1985:in 1800.
1786:In 1860,
1740:Solferino
1655:Garibaldi
1476:from the
1455:Jerusalem
1395:. By the
1365:in 1563.
1313:In 1046,
612:(to 1816)
606:(to 1816)
600:(to 1813)
582:3,974,500
322:Sardinian
299:Religion
251:Sardinian
108:1720–1861
71:Sardinian
8047:Category
7934:Internet
7924:Folklore
7854:Seicento
7839:Trecento
7834:Duecento
7796:Religion
7757:Regional
7735:Italians
7710:Gambling
7602:Taxation
7429:Military
7370:Politics
7172:Republic
6959:Florence
6884:Lombards
6823:Republic
6769:Samnites
6764:Picentes
6706:Apennine
6665:Railways
6645:Military
6593:By topic
6577:Overview
6561:articles
6003:Timeline
5649:Piedmont
5499:Oristano
5492:Logudoro
5482:Cagliari
5457:Sardinia
5190:Piedmont
4939:Holy See
4790:Medieval
4744:Picentes
4687:Samnites
4389:Valencia
4369:Sardinia
4359:Portugal
4296:Viceroys
4238:Ligurian
4164:Italians
4154:Catalans
4068:Politics
4053:Monarchs
4046:Viceroys
3987:Oristano
3977:Cagliari
3967:Communes
3953:Sardinia
3636:Archived
3594:Archived
3490:Archived
3454:Stamenti
3416:Archived
3375:Archived
3334:Archived
3293:Archived
3255:Archived
3219:19 March
3173:Archived
3123:Archived
3077:Archived
3048:Archived
3010:Archived
2933:archived
2827:Archived
2749:Archived
2716:Archived
2644:See also
2587:Lombardy
2039:and the
2031:Military
1977:between
1886:Currency
1856:republic
1844:Florence
1744:Lombardy
1509:Napoleon
1407:, while
1327:communes
1323:Chambéry
1292:Lombards
1276:Eporedia
1255:and the
1249:Ligurian
1245:Piedmont
1221:and the
1151:Sardinia
1103:Florence
1089:(1860),
1085:and the
1079:Lombardy
1019:de facto
1011:Cagliari
980:Habsburg
947:Piedmont
943:Sardinia
896:Sardinia
591:Currency
308:official
285:Ligurian
255:Corsican
232:Cagliari
8004:Theatre
7979:Palaces
7959:Museums
7929:Gardens
7914:Fashion
7904:Cuisine
7884:Castles
7826:Culture
7776:Poverty
7752:Italian
7663:Society
7644:Welfare
7612:Tourism
7582:Exports
7550:Banking
7530:Economy
7518:Economy
7474:Regions
7356:Valleys
7326:Islands
7306:Beaches
7277:Prealps
7257:Geology
7245:Climate
6909:Normans
6869:Odoacer
6818:Kingdom
6801:Ligures
6737:Ancient
6711:Nuragic
6660:Postage
6635:Judaism
6625:Genetic
6615:Fashion
6610:Economy
6569:History
6421:Museums
6172:Symbols
5730:Corsica
5720:Tuscany
5685:Etruria
5634:Liguria
5487:Gallura
5477:Arborea
5393:Lombard
5093:Tuscany
5083:Trieste
4719:Ligures
4680:Etruria
4503:of the
4349:Navarre
4298:of the
4226:Catalan
4189:Italian
4107:Cuisine
4100:Culture
4041:Kingdom
4018:History
3992:Sassari
3570:3 March
2504:Tuscany
1983:Ireland
1866:Economy
1812:Palermo
1808:Messina
1800:Abruzzo
1792:toppled
1772:Romagna
1764:Tuscany
1736:Magenta
1720:Austria
1705:Britain
1675:on the
1669:duchies
1624:at the
1618:Austria
1517:Joubert
1472:in the
1459:Ottoman
1343:Saluzzo
1257:Salassi
1253:Taurini
1233:to the
1190:History
1159:Italian
1091:Venetia
1054:Carouge
1008:de jure
984:Bourbon
552:•
531:•
518:•
505:•
466:•
451:•
293:Arpitan
289:Occitan
273:Italian
263:Spanish
259:Catalan
218:Capital
168:Anthem:
85:Italian
8035:
7909:Design
7894:Cinema
7869:Anthem
7791:Racism
7740:People
7715:Health
7577:Energy
7567:Brands
7494:Comune
7489:Cities
7351:Rivers
7311:Canals
6994:Amalfi
6979:Venice
6838:Empire
6779:Veneti
6754:Latins
6726:Latial
6559:
5796:(1848)
5790:(1831)
5745:states
5710:Naples
5420:Norman
5227:Dogado
5098:Verona
5063:Mantua
5058:Istria
5038:Finale
5028:Ancona
4976:states
4796:states
4714:Veneti
4692:Latins
4501:States
4379:Sicily
4339:Naples
4319:Aragon
4307:Europe
4144:People
4122:Anthem
4058:Mining
3899:
3883:
3873:
3863:
3844:
3828:
3789:
3769:online
3746:
3727:
3713:online
3698:
3680:
3666:online
3642:31 May
3561:
3507:avance
3408:
3367:
3326:
3285:
3247:
3151:
3115:
3040:
3002:
2977:
2967:
2925:
2895:11 May
2886:
2856:
2755:31 May
2722:31 May
2624:
2622:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2604:1861:
2579:
2577:
2570:
2568:
2561:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2541:1860:
2520:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2500:Modena
2492:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2474:1859:
1942:and a
1846:. But
1804:Naples
1770:, and
1768:Modena
1722:, the
1713:Russia
1709:France
1707:, and
1653:meets
1461:rule.
1451:Cyprus
1423:, the
1401:Sicily
1349:. The
1296:Franks
1261:Romans
1141:, and
1048:, the
1042:Geneva
926:and a
781:Monaco
776:France
403:
361:
277:French
206:under
197:Status
170:
95:
81:
67:
53:
7994:Sport
7964:Music
7954:Media
7816:Women
7690:Crime
7555:Banks
7331:Lakes
7316:Caves
7267:Flora
7262:Fauna
6984:Genoa
6969:Milan
6964:Siena
6904:Arabs
6791:Celts
6774:Umbri
6650:Music
6620:Flags
6557:Italy
6478:Other
5846:Post-
5695:Italy
5639:Lucca
5629:Italy
5180:Savoy
5088:Turin
5068:Milan
5053:Ivrea
4729:Umbri
4702:Celts
4117:Music
3982:Nuoro
3213:(PDF)
3202:(PDF)
2975:JSTOR
2691:Notes
2496:Parma
1816:Gaeta
1411:(the
1363:Turin
1355:duchy
1319:Savoy
1308:marks
1284:Goths
1280:Ivrea
1219:Rhône
1015:Turin
996:Aosta
771:Italy
537:Savoy
271:Also
225:Turin
208:Savoy
57:Latin
7919:Flag
7649:Wine
7637:road
7632:rail
7463:List
7453:List
7282:Alps
7147:and
6989:Pisa
6759:Osci
6655:Name
6640:LGBT
5725:Elba
5654:Rome
5603:eras
5599:and
5572:Gozo
5371:Arab
5354:and
5033:Ceva
4697:Osci
4449:Peru
4112:Flag
3897:ISBN
3881:ISBN
3871:ISBN
3861:ISBN
3842:ISBN
3826:ISBN
3787:ISBN
3744:ISBN
3725:ISBN
3696:ISBN
3678:ISBN
3644:2019
3572:2014
3559:ISBN
3406:ISBN
3365:ISBN
3324:ISBN
3283:ISBN
3245:ISBN
3221:2013
3149:ISBN
3113:ISBN
3038:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2923:ISBN
2897:2022
2884:ISBN
2854:ISBN
2835:2015
2757:2019
2724:2019
2456:Maps
2083:FERT
2035:The
1981:and
1949:The
1810:and
1802:and
1794:the
1738:and
1671:and
1453:and
1415:and
1377:and
1345:and
1333:and
1331:Asti
1223:Alps
1107:Rome
982:and
886:The
559:1861
546:1860
541:Nice
539:and
533:Loss
525:1848
512:1720
499:1720
357:King
291:and
261:and
155:FERT
124:Flag
34:and
7879:Art
7627:air
7419:Law
4792:and
3105:doi
2957:doi
2004:of
1858:by
1616:on
1341:of
1329:of
1157:" (
949:or
535:of
8064::
3707:.
3634:.
3592:.
3414:.
3390:^
3373:.
3349:^
3332:.
3308:^
3291:.
3253:.
3229:^
3204:.
3184:,
3171:.
3121:.
3111:.
3075:.
3071:.
3046:.
3008:.
2973:.
2963:.
2931:,
2917:,
2905:^
2862:.
2825:.
2821:.
2747:.
2732:^
2714:.
2699:^
2452::
2371:)
2104:.
2027:.
1934:,
1930:,
1926:,
1862:.
1766:,
1762:,
1726:.
1715:.
1703:,
1684:.
1628:.
1567:.
1434:,
1290:,
1265:c.
1241:.
1137:,
1133:,
1117:.
1070:.
990:,
918:,
914:,
910:,
287:,
283:,
257:,
253:,
7465:)
7461:(
7455:)
7451:(
6549:e
6542:t
6535:v
5955:)
5951:(
5933:)
5921:e
5914:t
5907:v
4653:e
4646:t
4639:v
4493:e
4486:t
4479:v
4288:e
4281:t
4274:v
3938:e
3931:t
3924:v
3806:.
3795:.
3752:.
3733:.
3715:.
3686:.
3668:.
3646:.
3632:"
3628:"
3603:.
3574:.
3425:.
3384:.
3343:.
3302:.
3264:.
3223:.
3182:.
3157:.
3132:.
3107::
3086:.
3057:.
3019:.
2981:.
2959::
2899:.
2837:.
2759:.
2745:"
2741:"
2726:.
2712:"
2708:"
2638:.
2502:-
2498:–
2442:)
2422:)
2414:(
2355:)
2339:)
2323:)
2319:(
2305:)
2301:(
2287:)
2283:(
2267:)
2263:(
2244:)
2228:)
2196:)
2171:)
2167:(
2155:)
2151:(
2139:)
2135:(
2123:)
2119:(
1953:(
1278:(
1263:(
957:.
945:-
875:e
868:t
861:v
310:)
306:(
265:;
162:)
101:)
97:(
87:)
83:(
73:)
69:(
59:)
55:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
.svg)
