786:
Robinson's Free-hold began to raise gold in August, 1874, and up to the 6th of
November last had raised 7,096oz, its weekly yield averaging about 120oz. This company has paid dividends to the amount of £2 12s. upon 6,000 shares, while Richardson's Western has paid £3 4s. per share on the same number of shares. In the month (November) previous to that in which I visited the district the 10 mines which are in gold were distributing in dividends from £1,500 to £2,000 per week. As much as 1,100oz. has been obtained in a week from Richardson's Western, and 1,000oz. from the Baron Rothschild. Nuggets have been found in these claims varying in size from a few ounces up to 120oz.-one which turned the scale at that figure having been obtained only a few weeks ago in the last-mentioned mine. Among the mines obtaining gold and not already referred to are Bunyan's Freehold, which in the first week in November gave 121oz., and in that which followed 192oz; First Chance, 31½oz. ; Kingston-park 26½oz.; Lewers's Western, 21½oz ; Southern 13oz.; Dan Ryan's, and Kingston-park. Lewers's Freehold, on Lewers's Lead, has been worked out, gold to the value of £36,000 having been taken out of it. A company known as the De Murska - and therefore of very late formation - are sinking at a considerable distance north from Spring, hill, and expect to find in their ground not one, but the junction of several leads. The Ristori and the O'Loghlen comprise three blocks of large extent, a portion of the Seven-hills estate, bought by Mr. Rossell, of Kingston, Mr. Parkins, and some Ballarat men, from Mr. Alexander Wilson, of the Wimmera, and both expect to leach gold before long. So much confidence is felt in the district in the value of the known leads that a few weeks ago £1,000 was given for 114 acres of a freehold known as Dyke's, With a royalty of 7½%, and an under taking that work would be begun in December last. The leads, so far as known, are three in number, all apparently having their rise in Spring-hill, and growing deeper as they travel towards the plains.
774:. He had been exploring the region for years, alternating between farming and mining, and convinced that gold lay beneath the basalt on the Spring Hill Plains. Carter's discovery triggered significant speculation. Bell purchased an 80-acre paddock where he had found gold around 11 years earlier, paying £150 for it. He promptly sold the lease for mining purposes for £500 and a royalty. This paddock is where the Baron Rothschild mine was established, with a shaft passing through 52m of rock into auriferous reef to 60m in May 1874. Managed by Robert Veitch, previously of Daylesford, the mine employed over 80 workers and had yielded 7,886 ounces of high-quality gold by 5 November 1875. The fortunate Bell reportedly received £3,000 in dividends and half-royalties from this mine, with Russell, also of Kingston, receiving the other half. Bell believed he would gain at least £4,000 more before the claim was exhausted. In Carter's claim, closer to Spring Hill, gold was found at 150 feet, having passed through 110 feet of rock.
763:, had been taken up by squatters and farmers. Carter, Brawn, and Graham discovered gold deposits beneath in around 1874. Two of them had previously farmed land they purchased with proceeds of their mining in Daylesford, while Graham, known for the tragic story of his children lost in the bush, was also involved. Due to rust affecting his wheat crops, Carter found himself unable to sustain his farming after the harvest of 1873. As a result, he returned to mining. Testing the ground beneath the basalt on his farm, he sunk a shaft in Broomfield Gully, going through more than 33 metres of rock to reach the gold-bearing layer at 46 metres. The discovery yielded an extraordinarily rich find of 300 ounces of gold from just one horse-operated mining machine, seemingly originating from the Armagh Reef between the claim and Spring Hill. Subsequently, that claim was depleted, as it appeared that the gold lead extended into what is now was then called the western gutter, leading to its discovery.
62:
1987:
930:
executed using a non-condensing horizontal steam engine with a 66cm cylinder, one of the largest of its kind ever installed in a
Victorian mine. This engine powered 46cm pumps. The mullock dump at this mine is exceptionally well-preserved, and the shaft remains open, with one of the original boilers still present on the site. This mine serves as a representative example of smaller mining operations in the area that failed to attain profitability; the main hindrance being the shareholders' inability to provide sufficient capital to overcome its considerable challenges.
823:
1095:
1008:
658:
743:
times; carpenters and masons were earning 10 shillings per day, as demand for their services increased. Bricklayers were paid 11s. per day, mostly occupied with constructing the state school, which would soon be completed. The council was taking steps to enhance the water supply in the borough, drawn from
Bullarook Forest, and planning to build a new town-hall with funds borrowed from £5,000 bringing sustained employment opportunities for these laborers for some time to come.
46:
650:
942:
926:
Among all the mines on the lead system, this mine ranked as the third most productive (following the Madam Berry and Berry
Consols mines) and proved to be one of the most profitable during the 1890s. It employed a workforce ranging from 180 to 350 individuals. The No. 1 shaft has an extensive mullock dump and engine foundations indicate machinery typical of that period. It was classified in August 1988.
909:
859:
on. Red clover is a pasture crop widely grown, and it thrives wonderfully well throughout these districts. stack building has been carried to great perfection. Haystacks meet the eye everywhere, and such stacks are worth travelling miles to see. They are trim, well built, and beautifully thatched. The
Smeaton Agricultural Society recently offered a series of prizes for the best built stacks.
69:
922:
with extant engineering drawings of the installation, reveal the layout of the pumping and winding machinery, which were powered by basic horizontal steam engines. This plant was among the final installations of its kind on the lead system, as later needs demanded the use of more efficient and powerful compound engines.
874:, some members proposed relocating future shows to Kingston, and subsequently a plot of land was acquired near its railway station with Mr. W. H. Gore, the shire engineer, overseeing the layout. In 1922, all the structures and equipment, including the grandstand, were relocated to this new location using a
921:
Structures from the gold rush era remain. The Berry
Consols Company ran one of the most prosperous mines in the Berry Lead system, ranking second only to Madam Berry in gold production. The remains at No. 1 shaft were classified by Victorian Heritage in 1988 as significant at a state level, and along
738:
in the area, at a reachable depth. It records how by the mid-1870s, many working in the
Kingston mines had even transported their entire houses to new locations; McLellan, a Scot, ingeniously moved houses using a large triangular frame with three low wheels. They lifted the house onto this frame with
314:
The basalt layer, which is up to 100 metres thick over the ancient valleys, acts as a significant underground water source in the
Kingston area. The fertile soil covering the basalts, particularly around the volcanic cones such as Kingston's Spring Hill, is excellent for agriculture, and potatoes are
1019:
In
December 2004, Kingston Primary School, following years of lack of support by local parents, closed its doors due to declining enrolments after 142 years. The school's original solid brick school building, extra classrooms, a toilet block and shedding were auctioned for A$ 331,000 in October 2006
983:
In the
Showgrounds off Church Parade (Kingston-Allendale Road), the Grandstand, constructed at Smeaton in 1902 and moved to its present location in 1922 for better railway access, is a well-preserved timber building with barrel vault and skillion corrugated iron roofs. On 27 March, 1997 it was added
929:
The Lord Harry Gold Mining Co Mine & Machinery on the northern slope of Birch Hill was one of the minor gold producers within the leads system. It faced significant challenges with water and, like several other small mines locally, it earned the nickname "the water tank." Pumping operations were
785:
Richardson's Western commenced to get gold on the 2nd January 1875, and up to the 6th of November had obtained 7,961oz., employing 80 men. I see that in the week ending November 1 it gave 193oz, and in the following week 381½oz. In the same weeks the Baron yielded 298¾oz. and 381½oz. respectively.
866:
which opened in 1887 is now the Heritage-listed Daylesford-Creswick Railway Reserve and walking path It ran from Daylesford, through Musk Vale, Sailors Falls, Leonards Hill, Korweinguboora, Rocklyn, Newlyn, Kingston, Allendale, Broomfield to Creswick. The Allendale to Newlyn section of the railway
858:
The districts of Newlyn, Dean, Kingston, and Smeaton are among the most noted farming districts in Victoria. The soil is volcanic, and of great richness. The country is charmingly picturesque. Hay and potatoes are the chief crops cultivated, and the fattening of sheep and cattle is largely carried
746:
Between Creswick and Kingston, in Broomfield Gully, alluvial mining was being conducted from the 1860s, before a company called the Nelson sunk a shaft to a depth of 27.5m until the mine flooded in 1875. Slaty Creek's Working Miners' Quartz-mining Company mine on the other hand, was abandoned when
925:
The Madam Berry West Gold Mining Co. Mine & Machinery Site No.1 was located to the west of the Madam Berry leasehold and to the east of the Creswick-Lawrence road. It operated on a lucrative section of the Australasian lead, which was one of the two primary branches of the Berry Lead system.
742:
Those who didn't move their houses flocked to Creswick on Saturday evenings to catch a train to Ballarat and returned early on Monday morning. Long-time resident miners generally owned their houses, and with plenty of job opportunities and improved living conditions compared to the earlier rough
754:
Kingston is at the foot of the round-topped Spring Hill which rises 518m above sea level, and was cleared of dense bush to its summit for cultivation before it became the site of intensive gold-mining. The basalt plains extending northwards from Spring Hill towards Smeaton Plains and Charlotte
1015:
In 1865, in a brick school building and teacher's house finished in the previous year at 360 Kingston Road, the town opened a 'common school' under its first head teacher Joshua Thomas. During the twentieth century enrolments fluctuated between 100 and 160 and in periods when the school became
899:
establishments as well as by the Commercial Hotel, reopened after a 12-year closure. The location of Kingston between Daylesford and Ballarat, and its undulating rural outlook, has made it attractive to retirees, and also for city folk looking to buy weekenders or holiday houses, bringing new
710:
Kingston Post Office opened on 11 October 1858. A polling place for the Creswick electoral district was first opened in the town in October 1860. It became the administrative centre of the Creswick Shire until the merging of the Shire and Borough of Creswick on 29 May 1934.
1020:
and became a private residence and is protected under a Hepburn Shire Council heritage overlay. Subsequently, with the 2013 closure of nearby Smeaton Primary School, children travel even greater distances to the larger schools in Creswick or Daylesford.
268:
Shale and sandstone layers were formed millions of years ago, around 435 to 500 million years ago. During a period about 345 to 395 million years ago, there was a major mountain-forming event that created gold-bearing quartz veins known as "reefs."
886:
Businesses, shops, and the primary school in 2004, closed after trade dwindled, initiating that vicious circle of decline faced by many country towns that is exacerbated by the consequent need to travel greater distances for basic services.
961:
church with three bays. Designed by Leonard Terry and constructed between 1862 and 1864, it was classified in 1977 for its unique truncated proportions, sturdy masonry bellcote, plate traceried west window, and cusp-headed side windows.
949:
Kingston still retains some of its old buildings including the restored Commercial Hotel with others now owned privately, including the Former Creswick Shire Hall, the old Mechanics' Hall in Main Street, and the Primary School.
1023:
The 2021 Census counted 7 primary students, 5 at secondary, and 7 university or other tertiary students. There were 22 families with children, an average of 1.6 per family, with 8 pre-school children aged 0-4 years.
287:
Around 2 million years ago to less than 30,000 years ago, there was a period of volcanic activity that filled these valleys and covered the gold deposits with layers of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and some
739:
screw-jacks, and reinforced it to prevent damage during haulage by a team of eight to ten horses traveling at about 13km per day. The house would be made habitable again at its new destination.
292:. These deposits were mined extensively for gold during the mid to late 1800s in the Creswick area. Miners followed these deposits under the basalt layers, which they called 'deep leads.'
303:, known locally as Mount Smeaton, just north of Kingston, is the largest volcano in the Uplands, rising 200 m above the plain to an elevation of 676 m. Young cones near Ballarat,
2233:
2185:
2089:
2203:
2198:
2167:
2136:
2066:
2032:
2190:
2144:
2297:
2248:
2131:
2084:
2048:
1918:
2263:
2177:
1928:
1055:(1869-1934), politician and administrator, municipal councillor in 1898, mayor of Kalgoorlie in 1900-01, senator in the first federal government after Federation
933:
Other ruins include Bunyan FHD Mine at 101 Stag Road Kingston, and Colthards Fhd Mine at 171 Stag Road Kingston, which are on the Victorian Heritage Inventory.
777:
Most of the mines in this area were owned by local farmers and residents of Kingston or Creswick, who kept the yields of their claims confidential; however the
2258:
1976:
1838:
878:
steam engine. Intense debate during the annual meeting in 1923 resolved to change the name to the 'Kingston, Smeaton, Newlyn, and Dean Agricultural Society.'
2213:
2118:
2102:
2094:
2019:
2159:
2149:
1848:
205:
193:
2281:
2238:
1900:
2315:
2302:
2014:
1809:
94:
61:
1134:"Using three-dimensional geological mapping methods to inform sustainable groundwater development in a volcanic landscape, Victoria, Australia"
795:
973:) in Main Street is a Wesleyan chapel classified in 1987. The Ballarat architect Joseph Attwood Doane designed it in 1868 in a simplified
295:
Within and around the area, at least 15 volcanic eruption points formed small cones. The eruptions produced deposits of scoria, ash, and
2365:
1016:
overcrowded classes were relocated to the Church of England. In 1970 its name was changed to Kingston Primary School, number 759.
810:, Kingston had a population of 190, or 1.14% of the 16,609 population total for the shire, and older than most in the region; the
280:
period, which occurred about 26 to 2 million years ago, led to the formation of gold deposits in the ancient valleys of the upper
806:
Though small, the population of Kingston grew by nearly 7% in the 5 years since the 2016 census when it had 177 people; at the
257:
bedrock landscape carved by natural forces. The resultant ancient valleys were in-filled with sediments during the
1802:
798:. After the miners left so did the industry and in 1976 the railway station and the Creswick–Daylesford train line closed.
1049:
Louis Edward Shapcott (1877–1950); public servant in West Australian Premiers' Department, serving seven Premiers 1914-41
999:, and roadside memorials commemorate service personnel of both Worlds Wars, and the Borneo, Korea, and Vietnam conflicts.
863:
1586:
2360:
2340:
1740:
1344:"Smeaton Show Grounds : Land Board Inquiry Question of Retention as Recreation Ground : Interesting Evidence"
1116:
1795:
1612:
1073:
790:
Kingston once had a large coach and vehicle building manufacturer, Barker Brothers, up to 10 ten hotels, a
747:
the operation did not yield profits, but with discoveries in Kingston, the mine was revived, and a 10-head
181:
87:
1077:
970:
198:
1406:
Victorian Heritage Database Report : Madam Berry West Gold Mining Co Mine & Machinery Site No.1
1543:
234:
1511:
1475:
1416:
1405:
1394:
1292:
781:
reporter, investigating actual sales of gold to the banks in Creswick from leading claims, found that;
2228:
1905:
1766:
1524:
1438:
1427:
675:
318:
2253:
1874:
2370:
2289:
2243:
2154:
977:
1986:
338:
2110:
2053:
1638:
1487:
807:
691:
138:
130:
1715:
751:
was installed by Charles Mathews, formerly associated with the Cornish Company in Daylesford.
321:
administers the Loddon Highlands WSPA Groundwater Management Plan under section 32A(5) of the
2307:
2268:
756:
334:
261:. These are overlain or interrupted by layers of basalt flows from volcanoes during the
1689:
1395:
Victorian Heritage Database Report : Berry Consols Gold Mining Co. Mine & Machinery
2273:
2061:
2006:
1861:
760:
687:
242:
210:
166:
1561:
734:
details the gold rush at Kingston when valuable gold deposits were discovered beneath the
8:
2172:
2040:
2001:
1910:
1892:
1882:
1094:
1043:
871:
724:
695:
230:
50:
The Restored Commercial Hotel at Kingston the last of the hotels still currently trading.
1417:
Victorian Heritage Database Report : Lord Harry Gold Mining Co Mine & Machinery
1172:
Loddon Highlands Water Supply Protection Area Groundwater Management Plan, November 2012
2027:
1952:
1944:
1887:
1866:
1853:
1833:
1293:"2021 Kingston (Vic.), Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
896:
300:
172:
160:
1451:
1132:
Gill, Bruce; Cherry, Don; Adelana, Michael; Cheng, Xiang; Reid, Mark (November 2011).
822:
2323:
2218:
1923:
1787:
1153:
1133:
1112:
954:
299:
near these cones. In between eruptions, clay layers formed between the basalt flows.
1248:"Goldmlning In Victoria. (By Our Special Reporter.) No. IV.-Creswick And Kingston".
2223:
2076:
1968:
1960:
1843:
1819:
1145:
1052:
988:
771:
304:
226:
186:
36:
17:
1007:
1936:
766:
The individual credited as the father of Kingston is William Bell, a farmer from
683:
308:
2208:
2071:
1476:
Victorian Heritage Database Report : Former Holy Trinity Church of England
1369:
1343:
1317:
1149:
2354:
1263:
1157:
831:
699:
678:
of the district of Kingston. Their country extended over lands from close to
671:
109:
96:
1663:
1211:
1185:
657:
895:
Holiday and business accommodation in Kingston is increasingly provided by
875:
839:
281:
1488:"Joseph Attwood Doane - Ballarat and District Industrial Heritage Project"
45:
1038:
996:
720:
1773:, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
1722:, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
1696:, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
1458:, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University
791:
748:
1034:
992:
966:
958:
767:
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and they were displaced by white settlement, with some retreating to
649:
273:
254:
253:
The geology of the Kingston area comprises an uplifted and fractured
154:
974:
835:
277:
258:
238:
1512:
Victorian Heritage Database Report : Former Methodist Church
941:
679:
289:
262:
1072:
811:
735:
945:
Former Holy Trinity Church of England, now a private residence
912:
Blue Plaque marking the Kingston Avenue of Honour war memorial
908:
847:
843:
1544:"Victorian Heritage Database Report : Avenue of Honour"
1111:(1st ed.). Melbourne: Geological Society of Australia.
834:
and good rainfall support agricultural industries including
1562:"150 years: Kingston Primary School | Victorian Government"
1212:"The Nomination and Polling Places for Electoral Districts"
1174:. Tatura, Victoria: Goulburn Murray Water. 2012. p. 1.
296:
870:
In 1921, after the district agricultural show was held at
1428:
Victorian Heritage Database Report : BUNYAN FHD MINE
1033:
Arthur Harold Brownbill (1898–1917) killed in action at
984:
to the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR) Number H1300.
1817:
1439:
Victorian Heritage Database Report :COLTHARDS FHD MINE
1131:
1186:"Commercial Intelligence : Post Office Notices"
661:
Former Creswick Shire Hall (now a private residence)
1046:(1892-1958), soldier and public servant, ambassador
2352:
1107:Douglas, John G.; Ferguson, J.A., eds. (1988).
1106:
826:Morrish Bros in 1922 harvest wheat in Kingston
900:investment and stimulating the local economy.
1803:
957:at the north end of the town is notable as a
1268:Illustrated Australian News for Home Readers
1767:"Smith, Miles Staniforth Cater (1869–1934)"
1810:
1796:
1093:
44:
1741:"FB28: Louis Shapcott, - Honour Avenues"
1006:
940:
907:
821:
656:
648:
2353:
1522:
705:
1791:
1541:
221:is a small town and locality of 19.07
1716:"Shapcott, Louis Edward (1877–1950)"
1613:"Kingston school to go under hammer"
1287:
1285:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1027:
995:is dedicated to those who served in
838:(typically grown for food processor
665:
1764:
916:
864:Ballarat to Daylesford railway line
599:Mean number of days of rain ≥ 1 mm
13:
1771:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1720:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1713:
1694:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1690:"Hodgson, William Roy (1892–1958)"
1456:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1066:
315:the dominant crop in those areas.
237:about 10 kilometres distance from
14:
2382:
1449:
1282:
1264:"The Lost Children Of Daylesford"
1230:
2366:Mining towns in Victoria (state)
1985:
1687:
850:. An illustrated article in the
555:Decile 5 (median) rainfall (mm)
311:, are visible from Spring Hill.
245:. Kingston's post code is 3364.
153:130 km (81 mi) WNW of
68:
67:
60:
2339:Territory divided with another
1758:
1733:
1707:
1681:
1656:
1631:
1605:
1587:"School closes after 142 years"
1579:
1554:
1535:
1516:
1505:
1480:
1469:
1443:
1432:
1421:
1410:
1399:
1388:
1362:
1336:
1310:
1074:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1011:Kingston Primary School in 1909
980:style with bichrome brickwork.
1256:
1204:
1178:
1164:
1125:
1100:
955:Holy Trinity Church of England
462:Mean minimum temperature (°C)
418:Mean maximum temperature (°C)
159:27 km (17 mi) NE of
1:
1745:honouravenueskingspark.com.au
1523:Tonkin, Ray (27 March 1997).
1376:. 15 December 1923. p. 8
1059:
801:
719:Kingston was once a thriving
325:of the Victorian Government.
165:23 km (14 mi) W of
1639:"Lost Schools: 21st Century"
1452:"Terry, Leonard (1825–1884)"
1270:. 19 October 1867. p. 6
1252:. 7 January 1876. p. 5.
1218:. 10 October 1860. p. 5
1053:Miles Staniforth Cater Smith
1002:
936:
700:Protectorate at Franklinford
171:9 km (6 mi) NE of
7:
1548:Victoria Government Gazette
1542:Smith, Tim (9 April 2015).
1529:Victoria Government Gazette
1192:. 7 October 1858. p. 4
903:
25:Town in Victoria, Australia
10:
2387:
890:
881:
817:
644:
505:
412:
337:provides climate data for
328:
248:
241:, and is about 20 km from
15:
2361:Towns in Victoria (state)
2332:
1994:
1983:
1826:
1664:"Arthur Harold BROWNBILL"
1350:. 20 July 1922. p. 6
1150:10.1007/s10040-011-0757-7
1078:"Kingston (State Suburb)"
204:
192:
180:
147:
137:
125:
86:
55:
43:
30:
1324:. 7 May 1904. p. 27
16:Not to be confused with
1318:"Round Newlyn and Dean"
714:
341:, 10km SW of Kingston.
233:, located just off the
1643:Learning from the Past
1082:2021 Census QuickStats
1012:
946:
913:
861:
827:
788:
662:
654:
110:37.36667°S 143.95000°E
1525:"Kingston Grandstand"
1492:bih.federation.edu.au
1010:
944:
911:
856:
854:in 1904 noted that;
825:
783:
660:
652:
335:Bureau of Meteorology
319:Goulburn-Murray Water
1138:Hydrogeology Journal
867:was closed in 1976.
830:The area's rich red
688:Great Dividing Range
347:Creswick Statistics
115:-37.36667; 143.95000
1619:. 21 September 2006
1109:Geology of Victoria
1044:William Roy Hodgson
725:Victorian Gold Rush
706:European settlement
653:Sunset in Kingston.
511:Mean rainfall (mm)
272:Erosion during the
231:Victoria, Australia
206:Federal division(s)
194:State electorate(s)
106: /
1818:Localities in the
1593:. 15 December 2004
1013:
987:A Heritage-listed
947:
914:
828:
730:An 1876 report in
676:Traditional Owners
663:
655:
301:Mount Kooroocheang
2348:
2347:
1028:Notable residents
953:The small former
897:bed and breakfast
666:First inhabitants
642:
641:
224:
216:
215:
2378:
1989:
1820:Shire of Hepburn
1812:
1805:
1798:
1789:
1788:
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1781:
1780:
1778:
1765:Gibbney, H. J.,
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1322:The Australasian
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1199:
1197:
1182:
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1144:(7): 1349–1365.
1129:
1123:
1122:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1076:(28 June 2022).
1070:
989:Avenue of Honour
967:Methodist Church
917:Gold rush relics
755:Plains, between
749:stamping battery
723:town during the
405:
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385:
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227:Shire of Hepburn
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18:City of Kingston
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2234:Porcupine Ridge
2229:North Blackwood
2186:Mount Beckworth
2090:Elevated Plains
1990:
1981:
1906:Hepburn Springs
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939:
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674:People are the
672:Dja Dja Wurrung
668:
647:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
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365:
360:
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331:
309:Mount Buninyong
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2188:
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2165:
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2137:Korweinguboora
2134:
2129:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2067:Creswick North
2064:
2059:
2051:
2046:
2038:
2033:Bullarto South
2030:
2025:
2017:
2012:
2004:
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1578:
1566:www.vic.gov.au
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819:
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814:age being 56.
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323:Water Act 1989
250:
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2290:Trentham East
2288:
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2244:Sailors Falls
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2240:
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2176:
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2166:
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2158:
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2155:Leonards Hill
2153:
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2148:
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2145:Langdons Hill
2143:
2141:
2138:
2135:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2005:
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2000:
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1993:
1988:
1978:
1975:
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1396:
1391:
1375:
1374:Ballarat Star
1371:
1365:
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1348:Ballarat Star
1345:
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1323:
1319:
1313:
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1118:9780909869670
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985:
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968:
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943:
934:
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927:
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888:
879:
877:
873:
868:
865:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:volcanic soil
824:
815:
813:
809:
799:
797:
794:and numerous
793:
787:
782:
780:
775:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
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750:
744:
740:
737:
733:
728:
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722:
712:
703:
701:
697:
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689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
659:
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637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
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598:
597:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
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572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
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549:
546:
543:
540:
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531:
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522:
519:
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513:
510:
509:
504:
500:
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494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
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470:
467:
464:
461:
460:
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453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
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423:
420:
417:
416:
411:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
346:
345:
342:
340:
336:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
285:
283:
279:
275:
270:
266:
264:
260:
256:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:in the rural
220:
212:
209:
207:
203:
200:
197:
195:
191:
188:
185:
183:
179:
174:
170:
168:
164:
162:
158:
156:
152:
151:
150:
146:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
91:
89:
85:
63:
54:
47:
42:
38:
29:
23:
19:
2338:
2334:
2318:
2310:
2298:Tylden South
2292:
2284:
2276:
2249:Sailors Hill
2193:
2180:
2162:
2139:
2132:Kooroocheang
2126:
2121:
2113:
2111:Franklinford
2105:
2097:
2085:Dry Diggings
2079:
2056:
2054:Campbelltown
2049:Cabbage Tree
2043:
2035:
2022:
2009:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1919:Newlyn North
1913:
1895:
1877:
1869:
1856:
1775:, retrieved
1770:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:
1735:
1724:, retrieved
1719:
1714:Hughes, J.,
1709:
1698:, retrieved
1693:
1688:Watt, Alan,
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1667:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1642:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1616:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1590:
1581:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:
1556:
1547:
1537:
1528:
1518:
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1491:
1482:
1471:
1460:, retrieved
1455:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1378:. Retrieved
1373:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1347:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:
1272:. Retrieved
1267:
1258:
1249:
1220:. Retrieved
1215:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1189:
1180:
1171:
1166:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1108:
1102:
1085:. Retrieved
1081:
1068:
1022:
1018:
1014:
986:
982:
964:
952:
948:
932:
928:
924:
920:
894:
885:
876:Handley-Page
869:
862:
857:
852:Australasian
851:
829:
805:
789:
784:
778:
776:
765:
753:
745:
741:
731:
729:
718:
709:
692:Pyramid Hill
669:
413:Temperature
332:
322:
317:
313:
294:
286:
282:Loddon River
271:
267:
259:Tertiary Age
252:
218:
217:
22:
2308:Wattle Flat
2269:Stony Creek
2264:Springmount
2178:Mollongghip
1929:Spring Hill
1668:vwma.org.au
1617:The Courier
1550:(G14): 759.
1531:(G12): 714.
997:World War I
965:The former
808:2021 census
796:chaff mills
770:, close to
757:Maryborough
721:gold mining
686:, from the
139:Postcode(s)
131:2021 census
113: /
88:Coordinates
2355:Categories
2274:Strangways
2259:Smokeytown
2062:Clydesdale
2007:Bald Hills
1977:Wheatsheaf
1862:Daylesford
1839:Broomfield
1370:"Kingston"
1297:abs.gov.au
1060:References
978:Romanesque
969:(latterly
802:Population
792:flour mill
761:Carisbrook
255:Palaeozoic
243:Daylesford
167:Daylesford
129:190 (
126:Population
101:143°57′0″E
2214:Musk Vale
2173:Lyonville
2119:Glengower
2103:Fern Hill
2095:Evansford
2041:Bung Bong
2020:Bullarook
2002:Allendale
1911:Malmsbury
1893:Guildford
1883:Eganstown
1250:The Argus
1216:The Argus
1190:The Argus
1158:1431-2174
1035:Gallipoli
1003:Education
993:elm trees
959:bluestone
937:Buildings
872:Allendale
768:Bullarook
732:The Argus
506:Rainfall
274:Oligocene
155:Melbourne
98:37°22′0″S
2160:Lillicur
2150:Lawrence
2127:Kingston
2028:Bullarto
1995:Locality
1953:Trentham
1945:Taradale
1888:Glenlyon
1867:Drummond
1854:Creswick
1849:Coomoora
1834:Blampied
975:Lombardy
904:Heritage
836:potatoes
690:to near
339:Creswick
278:Pliocene
265:period.
239:Creswick
219:Kingston
211:Ballarat
173:Creswick
161:Ballarat
148:Location
75:Kingston
37:Victoria
32:Kingston
2324:Yandoit
2282:Tarilta
2239:Rocklyn
2219:Newbury
1924:Smeaton
1901:Hepburn
1777:22 July
1750:22 July
1726:22 July
1700:22 July
1673:22 July
1648:22 July
1623:22 July
1597:22 July
1591:The Age
1571:22 July
1497:24 July
1462:24 July
1380:22 July
1354:22 July
1328:22 July
1302:24 July
1274:24 July
1222:22 July
1196:24 July
1087:25 July
991:of 285
971:Uniting
891:Revival
882:Decline
840:McCains
818:Economy
680:Bendigo
645:History
408:Annual
329:Climate
290:lignite
263:Neogene
249:Geology
2316:Werona
2303:Ullina
2224:Newlyn
2077:Denver
2015:Basalt
1969:Waubra
1961:Tylden
1844:Clunes
1156:
1115:
812:median
772:Hexham
736:basalt
696:Parker
638:109.5
594:744.3
550:753.3
182:LGA(s)
1937:Sulky
848:wheat
844:sheep
779:Argus
684:Avoca
629:10.7
626:11.4
623:14.6
620:13.7
617:11.6
614:11.1
591:42.0
588:57.3
585:77.1
582:70.2
579:83.5
576:77.8
573:67.2
570:73.2
567:49.0
564:34.3
561:28.8
558:30.6
547:46.0
544:60.4
541:77.8
538:74.3
535:88.8
532:77.9
529:70.4
526:75.1
523:54.6
520:38.5
517:43.9
514:47.5
468:11.9
465:11.0
457:17.9
454:23.2
451:19.6
448:17.2
445:14.1
442:11.2
439:10.3
436:11.3
433:13.6
430:18.2
427:23.5
424:26.3
421:26.9
199:Ripon
2209:Musk
2072:Dean
1827:Town
1779:2023
1752:2023
1728:2023
1702:2023
1675:2023
1650:2023
1625:2023
1599:2023
1573:2023
1499:2023
1464:2023
1382:2023
1356:2023
1330:2023
1304:2023
1276:2023
1224:2023
1198:2023
1154:ISSN
1113:ISBN
1089:2021
846:and
759:and
727:.
715:Gold
670:The
635:6.6
632:8.4
611:7.6
608:5.2
605:4.1
602:4.5
501:6.6
498:9.0
495:7.0
492:6.0
489:4.2
486:2.7
483:2.4
480:2.9
477:5.2
474:7.0
471:9.8
370:May
307:and
297:tuff
143:3364
2341:LGA
1146:doi
1039:WWI
1037:in
842:),
702:.
698:'s
682:to
404:Dec
399:Nov
394:Oct
389:Sep
384:Aug
379:Jul
374:Jun
366:Apr
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