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1889:. Each territory within the province is led by a Territorial Administrator and two Assistant Territorial Administrators. Recognizing the vastness of the territories, administrative management positions are established, headed by resident assistant territorial administrators or administrative management position leaders, aiming to bridge the gap between governance and the governed. Appointed by the
1085:; FARDC) in eastern Congo. The 10th Military Region of the newly established Congolese military, led by General Pacifique Masunzu, whose undisciplined former factional soldiers are responsible for human rights violations due to a continuing culture of impunity for military personnel, compounded by challenging living conditions, inadequate remuneration, and insufficient training. Masunzu is
1117:. Sexual violence throughout Congo is "rampant," she said, blaming rebel groups, the armed forces and national police. Her statement included that "Frequently women are shot or stabbed in their genital organs, after they are raped. Women, who survived months of enslavement, told me that their tormentors had forced them to eat excrement or the human flesh of murdered relatives."
921:, in South Kivu. As civilians sought shelter or attempted to flee the combat zone, they fell victim to the FAC in confrontations, resulting in hundreds of fatalities. Moreover, on the same day, members of the ANC, the armed wing of the RCD rebel, killed 13 people, including the chief of the
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targeting
Zairian civilians across various regions of South and North Kivu. Consequently, a considerable number of Congolese view the Banyamulenge as unwelcome intruders encroaching upon their native territories, thereby intensifying the deep-rooted animosity directed towards them.
4037:
Plumptre, Andrew J.; Davenport, Tim R. B.; Behangana, Mathias; Kityo, Robert; Eilu, Gerald; Ssegawa, Paul; Ewango, Corneille; Meirte, Danny; Kahindo, Charles; Herremans, Marc; Peterhans, Julian Kerbis; Pilgrim, John D.; Wilson, Malcolm; Languy, Marc; Moyer, David (2007-01-01).
1412:, which cause disruptions to both the community and infrastructure. Over the last few years, parts of the province have been ravaged by flooding. In March 2020–23, torrential rains and the overflow of nearby tributaries inundated homes, including the
2013:
The city of Bukavu has experienced an exponential urban growth since colonial times. Sadiki et al. (2010) report about 620,000 inhabitants for 2008. The population growth rate increased incredibly in 2002 due to the entry of massive population from
2047:) or sectors. The selection of the powerholder within a chiefdom or sector is determined by ethnic traditions and later recognized or formalized by the state, following traditional rules. The leader of a chiefdom carries the honored title of "
2993:
Altare, Chiara; Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge; Tosha, Maphie; Hook, Christopher; Ba, Hamady; Bikoro, Stéphane
Muzindusi; Scognamiglio, Thea; Tappis, Hannah; Pfaffmann, Jerome; Balaluka, Ghislain Bisimwa; Boerma, Ties; Spiegel, Paul (2020-05-27).
850:
From late 1997 onwards, the relationship between
President Laurent-Désiré Kabila, Rwanda and the Tutsi soldiers present in the AFDL deteriorated. Laurent-Désiré Kabila's government faced multiple accusations of marginalizing Tutsi
652:
For three decades, the region has been plagued by armed conflicts and violence. Various armed groups and militias have operated in the area, leading to displacement, human rights abuses, and the disruption of essential services.
1428:
led to the collapse of many houses, leaving families homeless and vulnerable. The aftermath of the flooding also led to the displacement of people who sought refuge in temporary shelters or with relatives in safer areas.
1897:, who acts as the representative of both the President in the province and the Ministry of the Interior. The primary role of territorial administrators is to represent the state at the local level and oversee chiefdoms (
929:
in South Kivu. Another massacre unfolded as elements of the ANC/RPA claimed the lives of 15 individuals in the vicinity of Kivovo, Kigongo, and
Kalungwe, all situated in South Kivu. The victims suffered from
1352:, Kavinvira, Kavimvira, Luvimvi, Luvungi, Luvubu, Luberizi, Runingu, Mulongwe, Kiliba, Kalimabenge, and Lugulu Rivers—run through the verdant terrains, nurturing the surrounding ecosystems and supporting
5224:
2055:(groupings), which extend the reach of traditional authority to regrouped villages. The village chiefs are responsible for overseeing the administration and governance within their respective areas.
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area, who in 2005 rebelled against the authorities in defence of the
Congolese Banyamulenge, against harassment and physical abuse. Also previously former second in command of 4th Military Region in
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905:. The war resulted in wide-scale displacement, famine, and a staggering loss of lives. Numerous rebel groups and militias emerged, further intensifying the violence and leading to pervasive
1894:
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The UN estimates that in 2005, approximately 45,000 women were raped in South Kivu. It forms various armed groups, including the
Rwandan-backed armed groups, Banyamulenge armed groups,
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1089:(South Kivu Banyamulenge Tutsi) who broke with the Rwandan-backed Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD) back in 2003. He was formerly commander of the 122nd Brigade in the
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2969:"Briefing note: Democratic Republic of Congo - Humanitarian concerns in North Kivu, South Kivu, and Ituri (21 July 2022) - Democratic Republic of the Congo | ReliefWeb"
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1893:, territorial officials are included in the state's budgetary provisions. While they directly report to the Ministry of the Interior, they are also accountable to the
2896:"Memoire Online - Du mode de traitement des ordures ménagères dans la cité d'Uvira, cas des fractions biodégradables et non biodégradables - Christine AMINA KABIRABA"
661:
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871:(RPA) soldiers to withdraw from Congolese territory. In response, on 2 August 1998, a faction of Tutsi soldiers mutinied and, with the assistance of the AFDL, the
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and young children were callously thrown into deep pit latrines, left to perish, while adults who dared to disobey orders and attempted to escape were met with
4346:"Memoire Online - La problématique des accusations des viols et violences sexuelles en territoire d'Uvira. Cas de la cité d'Uvira - Arc-Ange MARIAMU KABULIMBO"
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1424:. These regions experienced severe flooding, resulting in a sudden surge of water that overwhelmed the local infrastructure and communities. The force of the
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or were shot near the primary port in
Kalundu and at the facilities of SEP Congo. On August 24, 1998, RCD forces and Rwandan soldiers unleashed a massacre in
2431:
Dooley, Elizabeth; Kasimbazi, Emmanuel; Ginzky, Harald; Heuser, Irene L.; Ruppel, Oliver; Kibugi, Robert; Qin, Tianbao; Markus, Till, eds. (March 24, 2021).
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1135:, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake, struck 35 km (22 mi) north-northeast of Kabare at a depth of 12.0 km (7.5 mi). One policeman was killed.
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3647:"Memoire Online - Bilan humain des conflits armés et ses conséquences sur le développement du territoire d'Uvira de 1996 à Â 2005. - Abel MUKUNDE SABUNI"
2996:"Health services for women, children and adolescents in conflict affected settings: experience from North and South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo"
585:(RCD). The presence of multiple armed groups in the area has led to insecurity, instability, and humanitarian crises. The conflict has resulted in the
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to the south. Covering an extensive area of approximately 65,070 square kilometers (25,120 square miles), it is administratively divided into eight
2924:. Contributor: Summer Institute of Linguistics, Language Survey Department. Democratic Republic of the Congo: Eastern ZaĂŻre Group. 1995. p. 3.
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1606:
1523:, which are major features of the landscape in South Kivu Province. In addition to volcanic and rift valley formations, the province also contains
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The province's eastern mountainous region experiences a mild mountain climate with a 3 to 4-month dry season from June to
September. Cities like
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2765:(in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches sur l'Integration Africaine (CERIA). p. 10.
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among many
Congolese due to their alleged involvement in a range of nefarious activities. These accusations include launching assaults on
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1077:(Allied Democratic Forces) and FDLR. There have been numerous accounts and allegations of sexual violence perpetrated by members of the
781:
refugees, along with
Zairian civilians, were killed by the AFDL forces. Local people were coerced into burying the bodies in four large
4492:"WFP's emergency response to the Kalehe floods, South Kivu - Flash Report (11 May 2023) - Democratic Republic of the Congo | ReliefWeb"
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said in 2011 that he 'clearly remains implacably opposed to the Rwandan government.' His deputy Colonel Baudouin Nakabaka is a former
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1975:
836:. Mobutu fled the country and Laurent-Désiré Kabila assumed leadership, renaming the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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887:; FAB), launched a rebellion aimed at overthrowing President Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Within a few weeks, this coalition formed the
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1268:, one of the world's largest tropical rainforest systems. These forests are teeming with biodiversity, housing a wide variety of
3955:
789:, on October 20, 1996, the AFDL forces killed an unknown number of refugees and Zairian civilians, disposing of their bodies in
722:
96:
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Cishugi, Bahati; Dunia, Kalegamire; Ozer, Pierre; Ozer, André; Moeyersons, Jan; Vandecasteele, Ine; Ndyanabo, Sadiki (2010).
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Congo Dem Republic Mineral and Mining Industry Investment and Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Regulations
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2405:"Congo (Dem. Rep.): Provinces, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"
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called the situation in South Kivu the worst she has ever seen in four years as the global body's special investigator for
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3549:"ACHPR, Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda | How does law protect in war? - Online casebook"
4900:
4419:"26 mars, Sange dans la province du Sud-Kivu, l'affaissement du pont perturbe la vie socio-Ă©conomique de la population"
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Ending the Indifference!: Sexual Violence During the 1993-2003 Armed Conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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in the DRC. However, sporadic violence and conflicts in the region persisted even after the official end of the war.
917:. On August 6, 1998, factions of the ANC/RPA/FAB perpetrated a massacre, claiming the lives of numerous civilians in
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832:, and Keisha. In May 1997, the AFDL gained control over significant parts of the country and captured the capital,
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1348:, one of the longest rivers in the world, flows along the province's eastern edge. Meanwhile, its tributaries—the
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overwhelm local infrastructure and defenses, causing homes to collapse and forcing residents to flee for safety.
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attacks or were shot at close range, while others met their demise through burning or drowning in nearby rivers.
4703:[Everything you need to know about the South Kivu Province/Tribes, ethnic groups, exetat by territory].
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1998:
grew exponentially from 1994 through 2012 with a steady influx of refugees as a result of the disruption of the
757:(grouping) of South Kivu, on October 6, 1996. The massacre claimed the lives of several dozen individuals. In a
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clan. In July 1998, driven by fears of a coup d'état, President Laurent-Désiré Kabila relieved Rwandan General
704:
1150:, which claimed the lives of 220 people in South Kivu village of Kipupu, as reported by provincial lawmakers.
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and neighboring villages in South Kivu, resulting in the deaths of more than 1,000 people, as reported by the
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The AFDL's pursuit of Hutu refugees led to widespread violence and atrocities. The AFDL forces, resorting to
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Natural Resources and Local Livelihoods in the Great Lakes Region of Africa: A Political Economy Perspective
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2553:[Land conflicts and dynamics of cohabitation in the territory of Kalehe South Kivu , Eastern DRC].
2551:"Conflits fonciers et dynamiques de cohabitation en territoire de Kalehe Sud-Kivu, Est de la RDC - Irénées"
17:
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2329:"Sud-Kivu : prenant ses fonctions, le gouverneur Jean Jacques Purusi promet une gestion transparente"
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Territories serve as the extensive arms of state administration, functioning as representatives of the
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3573:"ACHPR, Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda | How does law protect in war?"
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3622:"Sud-Kivu : 21 ans après les massacres de Makobola, les familles des victimes réclament justice"
3180:"Sud-Kivu : 26 ans après les massacres de Lemera, Dénis Mukwege n'a pas oublié et exige justice"
2763:
La nationalité de la population zaïroise d'expression kinyarwanda au regard de la loi du 26 June 1991
2437:. New York City, New York State, United States: Springer International Publishing. pp. 130–133.
986:. On May 14, 2000, members of the ANC conducted a massacre resulting in 300 deaths in the village of
5202:
3795:"Security Provision in North Kivu (Dem. Rep. of the Congo) – the Role of Non-state and State Actors"
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maintain an average annual temperature of 19 °C, while higher plateaus and mountains, such as
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4468:"DR Congo – Dozens Feared Dead After Floods Cause "Immeasurable Damage" in South Kivu – FloodList"
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against Zairian civilians in various locations, including Nyantende, Bukavu, Lwakabiri, Kashusha,
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DRC: Disruptions due to flooding ongoing in Uvira, South Kivu Province, as of Jan. 16 | Crisis24
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1617:—a tropical climate with a dry tendency and lower rainfall (± 1,000 mm/year). The region's
1017:, who actively aligned themselves with the AFDL and RCD factions throughout the duration of the
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civilians in Rubenga, a village in South Kivu. Another attack occurred on October 21, 1996, in
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1531:, are areas where layers of sediment have accumulated over time. They are important for their
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2036:
1444:, are particularly susceptible to the destructive impact of flooding. Heavy rains and rising
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813:
765:, were killed. On October 20, 1996, the AFDL forces killed an unknown number of refugees and
3880:"Federal News Network | Breaking Federal News & Information | Experience the difference"
2487:"Citizenship, Identity Formation & Conflict in South Kivu: The Case of the Banyamulenge"
5617:
5568:
4569:
Phylogenetic Relationships and Morphological Character Analysis of Thelia Sull. (Bryophyta)
4051:
3421:
Why Comrades Go to War: Liberation Politics and the Outbreak of Africa's Deadliest Conflict
3364:
Democratisation in the Dr Congo from Joseph Mobutu to Joseph Kabila: A Modelled Exploration
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855:, excluding them from his administration, and displaying preferential treatment toward his
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Parrots of Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands: Biology, Ecology and Conservation
8:
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Guillocheau, François; de Wit, Maarten J.; de Wit, Michiel C.J., eds. (January 2, 2015).
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2464:(in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: MUNUSCO. January 2015. p. 1
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running through its territory. This creates a series of peaks and valleys, including the
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4572:. Berkeley, California, United States: University of California, Berkeley. p. 2003.
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Similarly, other areas in South Kivu Province also faced the wrath of floods, including
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4444:"DRC: Disruptions due to flooding ongoing in Uvira, South Kivu Province, as of Jan. 16"
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4645:. Autorité du Bassin du Lac Kivu et de la Rivière Ruzizi/Rusizi (ABAKIR). October 2021
3695:"Katogota: Commémoration du 20 ième anniversaire du massacre de plus de 300 personnes"
2954:. Washington, D.C., United States: International Freedom Foundation. 1989. p. 53.
2778:"Les grandes lignes des migrations des Bantus de la province orientale du Congo belge"
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3284:"Zaire Watch News Briefs - 5 May 1997 - Democratic Republic of the Congo | ReliefWeb"
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4802:"Développement de la ville de Bukavu et cartographie des vulnérabilités, R.D. Congo"
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Volcano and Geothermal Tourism: Sustainable Geo-Resources for Leisure and Recreation
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Threatened and Recently Extinct Vertebrates of the World: A Biogeographic Approach
1240:. In addition to its mountains and lakes, the province also features a network of
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Annales des Sciences et Sciences Appliquées de l'Université Officielle de Bukavu
4701:"Tout savoir sur la Province du Sud Kivu/Tribus, ethnies, exetat par territoire"
4517:"Sud-Kivu: près d'une centaine de morts et de disparus après une pluie à Kalehe"
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1979:
1908:
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1492:
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1213:
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959:
864:
860:
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503:
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565:, the region has been plagued by armed conflicts and civil unrest. During the
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5297:
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4141:"Babies found alive on Congolese lake after devastating floods kill hundreds"
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3597:"Deuxième Guerre - Attaques contre les autres populations civiles - Sud-Kivu"
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1404:, it is also fraught with challenges and dangers. The area is susceptible to
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that crisscross through its landscapes. The region lies in the center of the
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2625:"Kahuzi-Biega National Park Congo - Attractions, Gorillas and other Animals"
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4668:. Dakota Dunes, South Dakota, U.S.: IBP, Inc. March 21, 2011. p. 32.
4046:. Conservation in Areas of High Population Density in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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The East African Great Lakes: Limnology, Palaeolimnology and Biodiversity
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This article is about the current province. For the former district, see
4166:"DRC: the new rise in the water level of Lake Tanganyika causes concern"
3524:"Life for women in the country that 'never turned the page of conflict'"
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3819:"Africa Confidential. Volume 44 Number 21. Published 24 October 2003".
3477:"Second Congo War – Attacks on other civilian populations – South Kivu"
2826:"Second Congo War – Attacks on other civilian populations – South Kivu"
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and Kahuzi-Biéga National Park, are even cooler, fostering layered and
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974:, in the small village of Makobola in South Kivu. Many victims endured
970:, claiming the lives of over 800 civilians, primarily belonging to the
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4214:"Multinational- Ruzizi III regional hydropower plant project (Rwanda)"
3905:"Dispute over cows leaves 37 dead, 20 others injured in eastern Congo"
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In the legal view, the province has three major cities of importance:
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Conversely, the central and western parts, including territories like
1515:. The rift valley is associated with the presence of lakes, including
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3135:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 66.
3085:. Burlington, Vermont: Rights & Democracy. 2011. pp. 24–27.
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4783:"HOT Activation, South and North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo"
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Survival Migration: Failed Governance and the Crisis of Displacement
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South Kivu is a melting pot of various ethnic groups, including the
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4270:. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 149–212.
3244:"Destruction of Kashusha, INERA and ADI-Kivu camps – Hutu Genocide"
2722:"Étude ethnographique de l'Itombwe (district du Kivu, Congo Belge)"
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Approximate correspondence between historical and current province
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4324:. Johannesburg, South Africa: Wits University Press. p. 369.
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2311:). These districts do not match the geography of the territories.
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Some of the notable chiefdoms and sectors in South Kivu Province:
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Approximate correspondence between historical and current province
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4016:. Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. p. 35.
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Cooper, Malcolm; Erfurt-Cooper, Patricia, eds. (April 30, 2010).
3264:"Attacks against Hutu refugees – Shabunda territory (South Kivu)"
3160:"Attacks against Hutu refugees - Walungu and Kabare (South Kivu)"
2847:"Why Is There So Much Turmoil in Eastern Congo? (Published 2022)"
2276:
2261:
2251:
2246:
2191:
2166:
2078:
1823:
1622:
1560:
1536:
1468:
1440:. These communities, situated in low-lying areas near rivers and
1368:
1289:
1273:
1253:
1197:
1185:
1102:
1070:
975:
829:
809:
802:
778:
747:
699:'s government. This response was prompted by the mistreatment of
684:
669:
630:
602:
433:
374:
366:
4243:. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 392.
5519:
5367:
5302:
5140:
5100:
5080:
5075:
5070:
4949:
4939:
4929:
4036:
2271:
2231:
2216:
2211:
2206:
1995:
1983:
1792:
1572:
1548:
1544:
1508:
1488:
1484:
1301:
1229:
1193:
983:
979:
963:
954:
to Kasika. Prior to their murders, the women were subjected to
774:
606:
575:
Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire
445:
401:
351:
166:
3981:"Congo communities slam army, UN for failing to stop massacre"
3224:"Attacks against Hutu refugees – Uvira territory (South Kivu)"
3204:"First Congo War - Attacks against Hutu refugees - South Kivu"
597:
against the local population. Additionally, the region's rich
5191:
3931:"M5.8 – 35km NNE of Kabare, Democratic Republic of the Congo"
3132:
Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2048:
2032:
Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1987:
1576:
1425:
1417:
1405:
1321:
1269:
1241:
947:
943:
918:
798:
766:
762:
700:
551:
409:
65:
4614:. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Netherlands. p. 19.
4373:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 122.
2430:
2015:
1818:
1810:
1540:
1325:
1297:
1106:
955:
681:
673:
547:
429:
2480:
2478:
1859:
Administratively, the South Kivu Province is divided into
1491:
and into the DRC. The province also includes parts of the
1232:. South Kivu also boasts several notable lakes, including
793:. The AFDL persisted in launching attacks on South Kivu's
4863:
4091:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
3110:"Attacks against other civilian populations - South Kivu"
2806:"Attacks against other civilian populations - South Kivu"
1552:
1305:
1128:. The attack was apparently part of dispute over cattle.
993:
The war officially ended in 2003 with the signing of the
966:. From December 30, 1998, to January 2, 1999, RCD forces
703:
civilians under Mobutu's regime, which subjected them to
662:
Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
660:, South Kivu played a key role as a battleground for the
305:
4608:
Olago, Daniel O.; Odada, Eric O., eds. (March 9, 2006).
3334:
Crisis in the Congo: The Rise and Fall of Laurent Kabila
2992:
901:, North Katanga, and even managed to penetrate into the
609:, have been a driving factor for some of the conflicts.
4730:"Insecurity and Local Governance in Congo's South Kivu"
4587:. London, England: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 336.
4236:
3309:"Attacks against other civilian populations – Kinshasa"
2871:"DR Congo: Killings, Rapes by Rwanda-Backed M23 Rebels"
2475:
1904:
South Kivu Province is divided into eight territories:
1146:
militias of the Banyamulenge community perpetrated the
4190:"Découverte : Connaissez-vous la rivière RUZIZI?"
3956:"Congolese Nobel Laureate Speaks Out Against Killings"
2385:. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. 2014
942:. The majority of the recovered bodies, predominantly
389:
and boasts a population of roughly 7,066,400 in 2020.
4785:. Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team. 16 December 2012.
3902:
3104:
3102:
893:(RCD) and gained control over major urban centers in
4799:
3057:"Anarchie et Insécurité au Nord-Kivu et au Sud-Kivu"
2355:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
1083:
Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo
344:
26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4011:
3671:"Report: Congo rebels slaughter 300 - UPI Archives"
3424:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
2921:
Compendium of Survey Reports: Other Bantu languages
1881:
Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1109:. In July 2007, United Nations human rights expert
950:, were discovered on the 60-kilometer journey from
680:for the advancing AFDL forces, who aimed to pursue
3099:
2434:International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2019
2051:" (king). The chiefdom is further subdivided into
1631:, most notably in the Kahuzi-Biéga National Park.
1609:, with abundant rainfall throughout the year. The
1192:to the south. To the east, it shares borders with
5705:Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
5234:Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4240:Geology and Resource Potential of the Congo Basin
3417:
3367:. Milton Keynes, United Kingdom: AuthorHouse UK.
2307:). These are grouped into five health districts (
1359:The province is home to several lakes, including
1340:towards the west and sharing its border with the
1320:South Kivu Province is characterized by numerous
867:of the AFDL, while also issuing an order for the
546:. The region is also home to a small fraction of
5691:
4583:Clement, Peter; Hathway, Ren (August 30, 2010).
4264:Ansoms, A.; Marysse, S., eds. (March 23, 2011).
3361:Babu Katulondi, Hubert Kabasu (March 14, 2019).
1264:. The rainforests of South Kivu are part of the
879:(Ugandan People's Defence Force; UPDF), and the
392:The province's topography is an amalgamation of
27:Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
4928:
2951:International Freedom Review: Volume 3, Issue 1
2845:MacLean, Ruth; Dahir, Abdi Latif (2022-07-01).
1503:that led to the stretching and thinning of the
1248:. The major rivers in the province include the
4582:
3856:"Excerpts from the UN Group of Experts report"
3418:Roessler, Philip G.; Verhoeven, Harry (2016).
3360:
3337:. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
2675:"Human Biological Diversity in Central Africa"
1120:In June 2014, around 35 people were killed in
5218:
4894:
4294:Goat Science: Environment, Health and Economy
4263:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3154:
3152:
4297:. London, England: IntechOpen. p. 178.
2844:
2650:"The Conservation of Itombwe Nature Reserve"
2347:
2303:South Kivu is divided into 34 health zones (
695:, while simultaneously seeking to overthrow
50:
37:Province in Democratic Republic of the Congo
4834:"Rape Epidemic Raises Trauma of Congo War."
4118:. Copenhagen, Denmark: Iwgia. p. 396.
3397:. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press.
2654:Berggorilla & Regenwald Direkthilfe e.V
2484:
2146:
1634:
554:agro-pastoralists who were transplanted by
5225:
5211:
4901:
4887:
4868:
4758:"Découpage des zones de santé du Sud Kivu"
4607:
4291:Kukovics, Sándor, ed. (January 18, 2023).
4138:
4084:
3720:"RDC: Minembwe, la commune de la discorde"
3462:
3149:
3129:Kisangani, Emizet F. (November 18, 2016).
890:Rassemblement Congolais pour la DĂ©mocratie
636:
625:was divided into three parts (South Kivu,
313:
4636:"Lake Kivu and Ruzizi/Rusizi River Basin"
3128:
3029:
3011:
2737:
2510:
1479:. These volcanoes are part of the larger
4728:Mushi, Ferdinand Mugumo (January 2013).
4565:
4290:
4040:"The biodiversity of the Albertine Rift"
2760:
2719:
2672:
2025:
1455:
1388:
1377:
1168:
1157:
1044:
721:
4845:Retracing Che Guevara's Congo Footsteps
4836:By Jeffrey Gettleman. October 7, 2007.
4542:"Pluies de Kalehe: le bilan s'alourdit"
4111:
3853:
3792:
3769:"In the Congo, rape is a weapon of war"
2775:
1499:. This rift valley is characterized by
1061:of the South Kivu Province, August 2010
1008:
750:, initiated the First Congo War with a
204:65,070 km (25,120 sq mi)
14:
5692:
4395:"Church aids flood survivors in Congo"
4317:
4163:
3903:Crispin Kyalangalilwa (June 7, 2014).
3494:
3492:
3446:"Eastern Congo Ravaged - Introduction"
3390:
3330:
2761:Rurihose, Oswald Ndeshyo (June 1992).
2371:
2327:Mwamba, Justin Mwamba (24 June 2024).
2326:
2010:, and continued fighting in the area.
1436:, Bushushu, Rambira, and Nyamukubi in
1252:, which forms part of the border with
5206:
4882:
4727:
4723:
4721:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4368:
3386:
3384:
3356:
3354:
3326:
3324:
3051:
3049:
2963:
2961:
1921:(281 km²), this is an island in
1822:
1817:
1745:
1507:, resulting in the formation of deep
617:South Kivu Province was created from
4789:from the original on 8 January 2013.
4085:Richardson, Matthew (9 March 2023).
2426:
2424:
1180:South Kivu borders the provinces of
773:village, where an unknown number of
3489:
2491:Review of African Political Economy
2298:
1363:which serve as critical sources of
839:
573:, it became a battleground for the
24:
4827:
4718:
4682:
4369:Betts, Alexander (July 12, 2013).
3381:
3351:
3321:
3046:
2958:
2598:
2576:"Rwenzori Mountains National Park"
2379:"Democratic Republic of the Congo"
1021:, have been subject to widespread
641:
25:
5716:
4855:
3391:Turner, Thomas (April 18, 2013).
2421:
1659:Democratic Republic of the Congo
182:Provincial Assembly of South Kivu
4909:
3331:Ngolet, F. (December 14, 2010).
2043:, also known as collectivities (
1208:. The province is predominantly
1105:fighter with close links to the
761:, 37 individuals, including two
252:
141:Democratic Republic of the Congo
128:
113:
95:
4793:
4775:
4750:
4656:
4628:
4601:
4576:
4566:McMurray, John William (2003).
4559:
4534:
4509:
4484:
4460:
4436:
4411:
4387:
4362:
4338:
4311:
4284:
4257:
4230:
4206:
4182:
4157:
4139:Princewill, Nimi (2023-05-11).
4132:
4105:
4078:
4030:
4005:
3973:
3948:
3935:United States Geological Survey
3923:
3896:
3872:
3847:
3812:
3786:
3761:
3737:
3712:
3687:
3663:
3639:
3614:
3589:
3565:
3541:
3516:
3438:
3411:
3301:
3276:
3256:
3236:
3216:
3196:
3172:
3122:
3073:
2986:
2942:
2912:
2888:
2863:
2838:
2818:
2798:
2769:
2754:
2713:
2666:
2642:
2617:
2599:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
2592:
1212:, with the western side of the
4318:Perrin, Mike (December 2012).
4115:The Indigenous World 2001/2002
3793:Sergiou, Sylvia (2007-09-27).
2568:
2543:
2451:
2397:
2320:
1874:
1400:While the province is rich in
1224:, which is home to endangered
412:. The area boasts an array of
13:
1:
4399:United Methodist News Service
3854:Stearns, Jason (2009-11-25).
2314:
2022:eruption of 17 January 2002.
1621:is characterized by a grassy
1613:, however, presents a unique
1292:. The region is also rich in
1124:in the South Kivu village of
997:, which aimed to establish a
940:United Nations Mapping Report
583:Congolese Rally for Democracy
4112:Vinding, Diana, ed. (2002).
4064:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.08.021
3745:"Kisangani in the Congo War"
2605:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
2601:"Kahuzi-Biega National Park"
2580:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1527:. These basins, such as the
1315:
1153:
1037:, and orchestrating acts of
556:Belgian colonial authorities
361:, South Kivu is bordered by
7:
4164:Magoum, Inès (2021-04-30).
3726:(in French). 7 October 2020
2720:Hautmann, Frédéric (1939).
1911:(15,788 km²), capital
1871:(groupings), and villages:
1628:Myrtillocactus geometrizans
1276:. They provide habitat for
824:, Kigulube, Ivela, Balika,
621:in 1989, when the existing
493:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
10:
5721:
3013:10.1186/s13031-020-00265-1
2485:Vlassenroot, Koen (2002).
2029:
1955:(3,148 km²), capital
1878:
1566:
1451:
1408:, particularly during the
1296:, including minerals like
1222:Kahuzi-Biéga National Park
1206:African Great Lakes region
1165:, South Kivu, October 2017
1163:Kahuzi-Biéga National Park
1133:2015 South Kivu earthquake
1031:densely populated villages
968:committed another massacre
843:
645:
612:
485:Kahuzi-Biéga National Park
29:
5627:
5469:
5381:
5240:
5184:
5171:South Kivu Sugar Refinery
5013:
4962:
4921:
2512:10.1080/03056240208704635
2503:10.1080/03056240208704635
2074:The Ruzizi Plain Chiefdom
1986:(Provincial Capital) and
1969:
1850:
1840:
1834:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1791:
1788:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1495:, a branch of the larger
1467:The province houses many
1288:, and various species of
885:Forces Armées Burundaises
587:displacement of civilians
558:in the mid-20th century.
300:
285:
275:
265:
245:
237:
229:
221:
216:
208:
200:
195:
187:
177:
172:
158:
146:
136:
127:
109:
94:
85:
42:
2776:Moeller, Alfred (1936).
2629:Silverback Gorilla Tours
1994:). The northern city of
1891:Ministry of the Interior
1635:Administrative divisions
1535:, including deposits of
1497:East African Rift System
925:area, in the village of
909:, including large-scale
473:eastern lowland gorillas
426:African Forest Elephants
4548:(in French). 2014-11-02
4523:(in French). 2014-10-27
4425:(in French). 2022-03-26
4218:projectsportal.afdb.org
4044:Biological Conservation
3833:10.1111/1467-6338.00171
3628:(in French). 2019-12-30
3603:(in French). 2018-05-17
2673:Hiernaux, Jean (1966).
1483:, which stretches from
999:transitional government
907:human rights violations
752:massacre in the Lemera
740:indiscriminate killings
637:Conflict and insecurity
241:110/km (280/sq mi)
3962:. Agence France Presse
2934:: CS1 maint: others (
1708:21 provinces + capital
1653:Republic of the Congo
1464:
1397:
1386:
1204:, forming part of the
1177:
1166:
1138:On July 16, 2020, the
1115:violence against women
1062:
869:Rwandan Patriotic Army
735:
687:, particularly the ex-
579:Rwandan Patriotic Army
489:Itombwe Nature Reserve
339:
331:
66:
51:
4194:www.kivukwetuinfo.net
2739:10.5194/gh-4-175-1949
2726:Geographica Helvetica
2409:www.citypopulation.de
2359:hdi.globaldatalab.org
2037:Traditional authority
2026:Chiefdoms and sectors
1714:8 provinces + capital
1711:8 provinces + capital
1459:
1392:
1381:
1342:Virunga National Park
1214:Albertine Rift Valley
1172:
1161:
1131:On 7 August 2015 the
1048:
725:
666:Laurent-Désiré Kabila
656:At the outset of the
394:geographical features
188: • Governor
4705:www.congovirtuel.com
3884:Federal News Network
1865:chiefdoms or sectors
1246:tropical rainforests
1009:War and human rights
676:served as strategic
357:Situated within the
332:Jimbo la Kivu Kusini
238: • Density
52:Province du Sud-Kivu
4922:Cities and communes
4915:South Kivu Province
4851:, November 25, 2004
4056:2007BCons.134..178P
3821:Africa Confidential
3500:"Casualties of War"
3000:Conflict and Health
1646:
1605:dominated by dense
1334:African Great Lakes
1278:endangered wildlife
1260:, which flows into
1099:Africa Confidential
1035:civilian executions
1003:peace and stability
958:followed by brutal
863:of his position as
814:civilian executions
812:. They carried out
591:human rights abuses
383:Tanganyika Province
379:North Kivu Province
191:Jean Jacques Purusi
67:Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini
5091:Kilungutwe village
2875:Human Rights Watch
2851:The New York Times
2497:(93/94): 499–515.
2383:The World Factbook
2309:districts de santé
2222:Kilungutwe village
2187:Kaniola Groupement
2131:Wakabango Chiefdom
2064:Bafuliiru Chiefdom
1949:(25,116 km²),
1943:(11,172 km²),
1887:central government
1644:
1607:equatorial forests
1603:equatorial climate
1525:sedimentary basins
1465:
1398:
1387:
1354:farming activities
1178:
1167:
1063:
995:Sun City Agreement
952:Kilungutwe village
899:Orientale Province
853:political factions
736:
542:, Swaga, Shu, and
381:to the north; and
247:License Plate Code
222: • Total
201: • Total
5687:
5686:
5241:Current provinces
5200:
5199:
4958:
4957:
3827:(21): 1–8. 2003.
3577:casebook.icrc.org
3553:casebook.icrc.org
3184:libregrandlac.com
2557:(in French). 2012
2125:Wamuzima Chiefdom
2119:Luwindja Chiefdom
2116:Burhinyi Chiefdom
2008:Second Congo Wars
1965:(1,800 km²),
1937:(5,126 km²),
1931:(1,960 km²),
1857:
1856:
1533:mineral resources
1513:steep escarpments
1481:Virunga Mountains
1475:, Mount Muhi and
1402:natural resources
1344:on the east. The
1336:, encompassed by
1294:natural resources
1226:mountain gorillas
1218:Mitumba Mountains
1188:to the west, and
972:Babembe community
913:and incidents of
903:Équateur Province
807:densely populated
763:medical personnel
759:hospital massacre
705:arbitrary arrests
619:Sud-Kivu District
599:natural resources
571:Second Congo Wars
475:. The province's
458:savannah monitors
418:mountain gorillas
359:Great Rift Valley
321:
320:
276:National language
266:Official language
230: • Rank
209: • Rank
178: • Body
32:Sud-Kivu District
16:(Redirected from
5712:
5499:Katanga Oriental
5485:Cuvette-Centrale
5411:KasaĂŻ-Occidental
5227:
5220:
5213:
5204:
5203:
5086:Kilungutwe River
5061:Kasika (village)
5014:Populated places
4926:
4925:
4913:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4864:Official website
4822:
4821:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4760:. Archived from
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4734:
4725:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4697:
4680:
4679:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4640:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3797:. Archived from
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3388:
3379:
3378:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3328:
3319:
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2390:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2324:
2299:Health districts
2140:Ngweshe Chiefdom
2000:Rwandan genocide
1807:Costermansville
1647:
1643:
1625:with thorns and
1438:Kalehe Territory
1286:forest elephants
1095:Kasai-Occidental
1071:Mai-Mai militias
1059:Kalehe Territory
1019:Second Congo War
897:and South Kivu,
846:Second Congo War
840:Second Congo War
454:dwarf crocodiles
442:African buffalos
440:. It also hosts
414:wildlife species
375:Maniema Province
317:
312:
309:
307:
296:
257:
256:
163:
162:and largest city
132:
117:
99:
77:
69:
62:
54:
40:
39:
21:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5623:
5618:Unité Kasaïenne
5465:
5377:
5236:
5231:
5201:
5196:
5180:
5096:Lemera Hospital
5009:
4954:
4917:
4907:
4873:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4830:
4828:Further reading
4825:
4798:
4794:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4767:
4765:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4742:
4740:
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4719:
4710:
4708:
4699:
4698:
4683:
4676:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4648:
4646:
4643:waterenergy.com
4638:
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4110:
4106:
4099:
4083:
4079:
4035:
4031:
4024:
4010:
4006:
3997:
3995:
3985:Washington Post
3979:
3978:
3974:
3965:
3963:
3960:www.barrons.com
3954:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3909:Chicago Tribune
3901:
3897:
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3542:
3533:
3531:
3528:The Independent
3522:
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3293:
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2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2770:
2759:
2755:
2718:
2714:
2691:10.2307/2796793
2671:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2632:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2609:
2607:
2597:
2593:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2558:
2555:www.irenees.net
2549:
2548:
2544:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2429:
2422:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2361:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2301:
2296:
2152:
2144:
2135:Kaziba Chiefdom
2128:Bakisi Chiefdom
2112:Basile Chiefdom
2108:Buloho Chiefdom
2104:Buhavu Chiefdom
2084:Luindi Chiefdom
2069:Bavira Chiefdom
2034:
2028:
1992:Uvira Territory
1972:
1883:
1877:
1642:
1637:
1585:grassy mountain
1569:
1529:Lake Kivu Basin
1521:Lake Tanganyika
1501:tectonic forces
1463:, February 2014
1454:
1422:Uvira Territory
1406:periodic floods
1373:aquatic species
1361:Lake Tanganyika
1318:
1262:Lake Tanganyika
1238:Lake Tanganyika
1156:
1148:Kipupu massacre
1051:sexual violence
1011:
990:in South Kivu.
915:sexual violence
848:
842:
744:mass executions
732:Lemera massacre
728:Lemera Hospital
664:(AFDL), led by
658:First Congo War
650:
648:First Congo War
644:
642:First Congo War
639:
615:
581:(RPA), and the
563:First Congo War
481:nature reserves
304:
294:
293:
251:
161:
160:
123:
122:
121:
120:
105:
103:Kaziba Chiefdom
90:
81:
80:
71:
56:
45:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5718:
5708:
5707:
5702:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5418:KasaĂŻ-Oriental
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5288:KasaĂŻ-Oriental
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5207:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4935:
4933:
4923:
4919:
4918:
4906:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4857:
4856:External links
4854:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4839:New York Times
4829:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4792:
4774:
4749:
4717:
4681:
4674:
4655:
4627:
4620:
4600:
4593:
4575:
4558:
4533:
4508:
4483:
4459:
4435:
4410:
4386:
4379:
4361:
4350:Memoire Online
4337:
4330:
4310:
4303:
4283:
4276:
4256:
4249:
4229:
4205:
4181:
4156:
4131:
4124:
4104:
4097:
4077:
4050:(2): 178–194.
4029:
4022:
4004:
3987:. 2020-07-27.
3972:
3947:
3922:
3895:
3871:
3846:
3811:
3785:
3760:
3736:
3711:
3686:
3662:
3651:Memoire Online
3638:
3613:
3601:Mapping Report
3588:
3564:
3540:
3515:
3488:
3461:
3437:
3430:
3410:
3403:
3380:
3373:
3350:
3343:
3320:
3300:
3275:
3255:
3235:
3215:
3195:
3171:
3148:
3141:
3121:
3098:
3091:
3072:
3045:
2985:
2957:
2941:
2911:
2900:Memoire Online
2887:
2862:
2837:
2817:
2797:
2768:
2753:
2732:(3): 175–177.
2712:
2685:(3): 287–306.
2665:
2641:
2616:
2591:
2567:
2542:
2474:
2450:
2443:
2420:
2396:
2370:
2346:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2305:zones de santé
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2122:Itombwe Sector
2120:
2117:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2099:Ngandja Sector
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2027:
2024:
1980:Fizi Territory
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1916:
1876:
1873:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1796:
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1787:
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1782:
1777:
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1732:
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1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1693:
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1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:Belgian Congo
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1568:
1565:
1493:Albertine Rift
1453:
1450:
1385:, October 2012
1317:
1314:
1274:animal species
1230:bamboo forests
1184:to the north,
1155:
1152:
1079:Congolese army
1067:Raia Mutomboki
1033:, engaging in
1010:
1007:
960:disembowelment
875:militias, the
865:Chief of Staff
861:James Kabarebe
841:
838:
826:Kavumu Airport
746:, and acts of
713:Zairian police
643:
640:
638:
635:
614:
611:
477:national parks
438:vervet monkeys
319:
318:
302:
298:
297:
290:
283:
282:
277:
273:
272:
267:
263:
262:
249:
243:
242:
239:
235:
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223:
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218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
193:
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189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
170:
169:
164:
156:
155:
150:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
125:
124:
118:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
100:
92:
91:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:
63:
47:
46:
43:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5717:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5668:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5557:
5556:
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5550:
5549:
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5538:
5536:
5535:
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5524:
5522:
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5517:
5515:
5514:
5510:
5508:
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5503:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5478:Congo Central
5475:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5434:
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5429:
5427:
5426:
5422:
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5415:
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5408:
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5405:
5401:
5399:
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5380:
5374:
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5364:
5361:
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5336:
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5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5298:Kongo Central
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:KasaĂŻ-Central
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
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5228:
5223:
5221:
5216:
5214:
5209:
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5193:
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5187:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
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5164:
5162:
5159:
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5149:
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5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
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5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
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5092:
5089:
5087:
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5079:
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5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
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4808:(in French).
4807:
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4764:on 2008-03-21
4763:
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3801:on 2007-09-27
3800:
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3773:+972 Magazine
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3344:9780230116252
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2728:(in French).
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2070:
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2062:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:collectivités
2042:
2041:chieftaincies
2039:is vested in
2038:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1948:
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1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
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1910:
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1900:
1899:collectivités
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1853:
1848:Kivu-Central
1847:
1846:
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1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1797:
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1786:Stanleyville
1785:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1756:
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1734:Stanleyville
1727:
1726:
1723:26 provinces
1722:
1719:
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1713:
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1615:micro-climate
1612:
1608:
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1600:
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1505:Earth's crust
1502:
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1462:
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1072:
1068:
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1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:refugee camps
1024:
1020:
1016:
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1004:
1000:
996:
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989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
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953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
932:dagger wounds
928:
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920:
916:
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904:
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896:
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886:
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837:
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831:
827:
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819:
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811:
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795:refugee camps
792:
788:
784:
780:
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764:
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756:
755:
749:
745:
741:
733:
729:
724:
720:
718:
714:
711:conducted by
710:
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686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
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659:
654:
649:
634:
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628:
624:
623:Kivu Province
620:
610:
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604:
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592:
588:
584:
580:
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572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
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549:
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541:
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513:
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496:
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486:
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478:
474:
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467:
466:common agamas
463:
459:
455:
451:
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443:
439:
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431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
377:to the west;
376:
373:to the east;
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
316:
311:
303:
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291:
288:
284:
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274:
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268:
264:
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255:
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98:
93:
89:
84:
75:
68:
64:
60:
53:
49:
48:
41:
33:
19:
5676:
5671:LĂ©opoldville
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5576:Nord-Katanga
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5513:Kivu Central
5511:
5506:Kibali-Ituri
5504:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5459:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5352:
5258:Haut-Katanga
4914:
4848:
4837:
4809:
4805:
4795:
4777:
4766:. Retrieved
4762:the original
4752:
4741:. Retrieved
4739:. p. 17
4737:IDS OpenDocs
4736:
4709:. Retrieved
4704:
4664:
4658:
4647:. Retrieved
4642:
4630:
4610:
4603:
4584:
4578:
4568:
4561:
4550:. Retrieved
4545:
4536:
4525:. Retrieved
4520:
4511:
4500:. Retrieved
4498:. 2023-05-11
4495:
4486:
4475:. Retrieved
4471:
4462:
4451:. Retrieved
4447:
4438:
4427:. Retrieved
4422:
4413:
4402:. Retrieved
4398:
4389:
4370:
4364:
4353:. Retrieved
4349:
4340:
4320:
4313:
4293:
4286:
4266:
4259:
4239:
4232:
4221:. Retrieved
4217:
4208:
4197:. Retrieved
4193:
4184:
4173:. Retrieved
4169:
4159:
4148:. Retrieved
4144:
4134:
4114:
4107:
4087:
4080:
4047:
4043:
4032:
4013:
4007:
3996:. Retrieved
3984:
3975:
3964:. Retrieved
3959:
3950:
3938:. Retrieved
3925:
3913:. Retrieved
3908:
3898:
3887:. Retrieved
3883:
3874:
3863:. Retrieved
3859:
3849:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3803:. Retrieved
3799:the original
3788:
3777:. Retrieved
3775:. 2013-02-20
3772:
3763:
3752:. Retrieved
3748:
3739:
3728:. Retrieved
3723:
3714:
3703:. Retrieved
3701:. 2020-05-14
3698:
3689:
3678:. Retrieved
3674:
3665:
3654:. Retrieved
3650:
3641:
3630:. Retrieved
3625:
3616:
3605:. Retrieved
3600:
3591:
3580:. Retrieved
3576:
3567:
3556:. Retrieved
3552:
3543:
3532:. Retrieved
3530:. 2019-06-12
3527:
3518:
3507:. Retrieved
3503:
3480:. Retrieved
3453:. Retrieved
3449:
3440:
3420:
3413:
3393:
3363:
3333:
3312:. Retrieved
3303:
3292:. Retrieved
3290:. 1997-05-05
3287:
3278:
3267:. Retrieved
3258:
3247:. Retrieved
3238:
3227:. Retrieved
3218:
3207:. Retrieved
3198:
3187:. Retrieved
3183:
3174:
3163:. Retrieved
3131:
3124:
3113:. Retrieved
3081:
3075:
3064:. Retrieved
3060:
3003:
2999:
2988:
2977:. Retrieved
2975:. 2022-07-21
2972:
2950:
2944:
2920:
2914:
2903:. Retrieved
2899:
2890:
2879:. Retrieved
2877:. 2023-06-13
2874:
2865:
2854:. Retrieved
2850:
2840:
2829:. Retrieved
2820:
2809:. Retrieved
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2784:
2771:
2762:
2756:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2657:. Retrieved
2653:
2644:
2633:. Retrieved
2631:. 2022-01-07
2628:
2619:
2608:. Retrieved
2604:
2594:
2583:. Retrieved
2579:
2570:
2559:. Retrieved
2554:
2545:
2494:
2490:
2466:. Retrieved
2453:
2433:
2412:. Retrieved
2408:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2382:
2373:
2362:. Retrieved
2358:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2333:Actualite.cd
2332:
2322:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2150:and villages
2147:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2035:
2012:
1973:
1956:
1912:
1903:
1898:
1884:
1868:
1858:
1775:Kibali-Ituri
1720:11 provinces
1717:11 provinces
1696:22 districts
1626:
1611:Ruzizi Plain
1592:
1570:
1477:Mount Kabobo
1473:Mount Kahuzi
1471:, including
1466:
1461:Mount Kahuzi
1446:water levels
1442:water bodies
1431:
1410:rainy season
1399:
1396:, April 2022
1383:Ruzizi Plain
1371:for diverse
1358:
1346:Ruzizi River
1319:
1280:, including
1258:Ulindi River
1179:
1174:Ruzizi River
1137:
1130:
1119:
1111:Yakin Erturk
1087:Munyamulenge
1082:
1064:
1053:in the town
1015:Banyamulenge
1012:
1001:and promote
992:
888:
884:
881:Burundi army
877:Ugandan army
873:Banyamulenge
849:
822:Ulindi River
816:and acts of
791:pit latrines
753:
737:
730:, where the
655:
651:
616:
577:(AFDL), the
560:
497:
462:gray duikers
450:clawed frogs
416:, including
391:
356:
342:) is one of
323:
322:
259:
18:Kivu Central
5597:South Kasai
5569:Moyen-Congo
5338:Nord-Ubangi
5263:Haut-Lomami
4963:Territories
4874:(in French)
4707:(in French)
4546:Radio Okapi
4521:Radio Okapi
4423:NDENGA NEWS
3860:Congo Siasa
3749:www.hrw.org
3626:Radio Okapi
3504:www.hrw.org
3450:www.hrw.org
2787:(in French)
2335:(in French)
2148:Groupements
2053:Groupements
1875:Territories
1869:groupements
1861:territories
1789:Haut-Congo
1746:Haut-ZaĂŻre
1705:6 provinces
1702:6 provinces
1699:4 provinces
1426:floodwaters
1394:Sange River
1282:chimpanzees
1266:Congo Basin
1210:mountainous
1176:, July 2010
1049:Victims of
783:mass graves
734:took place
693:Interahamwe
678:strongholds
422:chimpanzees
396:comprising
387:territories
346:(DRC). Its
5700:South Kivu
5694:Categories
5555:Mai-Ndombe
5548:Luluabourg
5492:Haut-Congo
5460:South Kivu
5446:North Kivu
5363:Tanganyika
5358:Sud-Ubangi
5353:South Kivu
5343:North Kivu
5323:Mai-Ndombe
5026:Bibogobogo
4938:Communes:
4818:2268/82774
4768:2008-03-21
4743:2023-06-28
4711:2024-01-10
4649:2023-06-28
4552:2023-06-28
4527:2023-06-28
4502:2023-06-28
4477:2023-06-28
4453:2023-06-28
4429:2023-06-28
4404:2023-06-28
4355:2023-06-28
4223:2023-05-27
4199:2023-05-27
4175:2023-05-27
4150:2023-05-27
3998:2023-05-28
3966:2023-05-28
3889:2019-06-19
3865:2019-08-27
3805:2023-05-28
3779:2023-05-28
3754:2023-05-28
3730:2023-05-28
3705:2023-05-28
3699:Kivu Times
3680:2023-05-28
3656:2023-05-28
3632:2023-05-28
3607:2023-05-28
3582:2023-05-28
3558:2023-05-28
3534:2023-05-28
3509:2023-05-28
3482:2023-05-28
3455:2023-05-28
3314:2023-05-28
3294:2023-05-28
3269:2023-05-27
3249:2023-05-27
3229:2023-05-27
3209:2023-05-27
3189:2023-05-27
3165:2023-05-27
3115:2023-05-27
3066:2023-05-27
2979:2023-05-27
2905:2023-06-28
2881:2023-07-28
2856:2023-07-28
2831:2023-07-28
2811:2023-07-28
2791:2023-07-28
2785:Congoforum
2659:2023-07-28
2635:2023-07-28
2610:2023-07-28
2585:2023-08-05
2561:2024-01-10
2468:2024-01-10
2459:"Sud-Kivu"
2414:2024-02-11
2364:2018-09-13
2315:References
2157:Bibogobogo
2030:See also:
2020:Nyiragongo
2018:after the
1879:See also:
1838:Nord-Kivu
1761:Haut-Uele
1743:Orientale
1737:Orientale
1731:Orientale
1619:vegetation
1588:vegetation
1365:freshwater
1256:, and the
1244:and dense
1190:Tanganyika
1182:North Kivu
844:See also:
754:groupement
709:detentions
646:See also:
627:North Kivu
601:, such as
595:atrocities
561:Since the
483:, such as
470:endangered
406:waterfalls
324:South Kivu
217:Population
173:Government
44:South Kivu
5678:Orientale
5628:1960–1963
5583:Nord-Kivu
5470:1963–1966
5453:Orientale
5397:Bas-Congo
5382:1966–2015
5268:Haut-Uélé
5176:Tangani'a
5151:Mutambala
5051:Kamanyola
5046:Kamananga
5031:Bunyakiri
4932:(capital)
4072:0006-3207
3993:0190-8286
3940:August 7,
3911:. Reuters
3841:0044-6483
3724:Mediapart
3022:1752-1505
3006:(1): 31.
2930:cite book
2748:180994095
2699:0025-1496
2537:145661133
2521:0305-6244
2287:Nyambasha
2182:Kamanyola
2177:Kamananga
2162:Bunyakiri
2094:Tangani'a
2089:Mutambala
1923:Lake Kivu
1842:Nord-Kivu
1765:Haut-Uele
1750:Orientale
1728:Bas-Uele
1517:Lake Kivu
1469:volcanoes
1434:Nyambasha
1338:Lake Kivu
1330:waterways
1316:Hydrology
1234:Lake Kivu
1228:and lush
1154:Geography
1144:Twiganeho
1122:an attack
1055:Bunyakiri
1039:terrorism
927:Lwiburule
911:massacres
818:terrorism
787:Kamanyola
779:Burundian
398:mountains
363:Lake Kivu
225:7,066,400
153:Lake Kivu
148:Named for
5657:Kinshasa
5636:Équateur
5432:Kinshasa
5404:Équateur
5390:Bandundu
5293:Kinshasa
5253:Équateur
5248:Bas-Uélé
5161:Kiringye
5156:Mutarule
5136:Minembwe
5126:Lumendje
5111:Luberizi
5106:Lubarika
5066:Katogota
4995:Shabunda
4849:BBC News
4787:Archived
4585:Thrushes
4170:Afrik 21
3061:Refworld
3040:32514296
2282:Mutarule
2267:Minembwe
2257:Lumendje
2242:Luberizi
2237:Lubarika
2227:Kiringye
2202:Katogota
2002:and the
1947:Shabunda
1895:governor
1852:Sud-Kivu
1815:Maniema
1804:Maniema
1799:Aruwimi
1755:Bas-Uele
1623:savannah
1595:Shabunda
1581:Minembwe
1557:tantalum
1537:diamonds
1487:through
1369:habitats
1310:tungsten
1290:primates
1220:and the
1202:Tanzania
1126:Mutarule
1091:Minembwe
988:Katogota
948:children
923:Kiringye
834:Kinshasa
810:villages
803:airports
771:Lubarika
717:soldiers
685:refugees
670:plateaus
603:minerals
524:Holoholo
434:giraffes
371:Tanzania
340:Sud-Kivu
308:.sudkivu
101:View of
88:Province
5650:Katanga
5590:Sankuru
5562:Maniema
5541:Lualaba
5439:Maniema
5425:Katanga
5373:Tshuapa
5348:Sankuru
5333:Mongala
5328:Maniema
5318:Lualaba
5146:Mulenge
5131:Luvungi
5121:Lulingu
5116:Lulenge
5056:Kasheke
5041:Kalungu
5036:Bwegera
5005:Walungu
4052:Bibcode
3915:June 8,
3031:7254646
2707:2796793
2529:4006793
2339:25 June
2277:Mulenge
2262:Luvungi
2252:Lulingu
2247:Lulenge
2192:Kasheke
2172:Kalungu
2167:Bwegera
2079:Lulenge
1963:Walungu
1824:Maniema
1567:Climate
1561:lithium
1509:valleys
1452:Geology
1254:Burundi
1198:Burundi
1186:Maniema
1140:Ngumino
1103:Mai-Mai
1057:in the
1023:disdain
984:bullets
980:Infants
976:machete
964:daggers
857:Katanga
830:Lulingu
775:Rwandan
767:Zairian
748:torture
631:Maniema
613:History
504:Fuliiru
446:baboons
402:forests
367:Burundi
348:capital
328:Swahili
301:Website
280:Swahili
159:Capital
137:Country
74:Swahili
5604:Ubangi
5534:Lomami
5520:Kwango
5368:Tshopo
5313:Lomami
5303:Kwango
5141:Minova
5101:Lemera
5081:Kiliba
5076:Kifuka
5071:Kidote
5021:Baraka
4990:Mwenga
4985:Kalehe
4980:Kabare
4950:Kadutu
4945:Ibanda
4940:Bagira
4930:Bukavu
4672:
4618:
4591:
4377:
4328:
4301:
4274:
4247:
4122:
4095:
4070:
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3139:
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3038:
3028:
3020:
2746:
2705:
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2535:
2527:
2519:
2441:
2389:10 May
2272:Minova
2232:Lemera
2217:Kiliba
2212:Kifuka
2207:Kidote
2197:Kasika
1996:Minova
1984:Bukavu
1976:Baraka
1970:Cities
1941:Mwenga
1935:Kalehe
1929:Kabare
1793:Tshopo
1771:Ituri
1656:Zaire
1599:Mwenga
1573:Bukavu
1549:cobalt
1545:copper
1489:Rwanda
1485:Uganda
1328:, and
1322:rivers
1308:, and
1302:coltan
1250:Ruzizi
1242:rivers
1194:Rwanda
962:using
936:Kasika
805:, and
799:rivers
697:Mobutu
668:. Its
607:timber
593:, and
536:Nyanga
520:Nyindu
491:, are
468:, and
436:, and
410:plains
408:, and
369:, and
352:Bukavu
336:French
289:(2015)
270:French
258:CGO /
167:Bukavu
70:
59:French
55:
5643:KasaĂŻ
5527:Kwilu
5308:Kwilu
5278:KasaĂŻ
5273:Ituri
5192:Idjwi
5185:Other
5166:Sange
5000:Uvira
4975:Idjwi
4733:(PDF)
4639:(PDF)
3394:Congo
2781:(PDF)
2744:S2CID
2703:JSTOR
2533:S2CID
2525:JSTOR
2462:(PDF)
2292:Sange
2049:mwami
2004:First
1988:Uvira
1959:town;
1957:Uvira
1953:Uvira
1919:Idjwi
1915:town;
1835:Kivu
1830:Lowa
1780:Ituri
1740:Uele
1691:2015
1577:Uvira
1418:Uvira
1414:Sange
1350:Sange
1326:lakes
1270:plant
944:women
919:Uvira
895:North
785:. In
701:Tutsi
674:hills
567:First
552:Tutsi
544:Mbuti
532:Hunde
528:Bwari
508:Bembe
430:lions
292:0.391
5664:Kivu
5611:Uele
4970:Fizi
4670:ISBN
4616:ISBN
4589:ISBN
4375:ISBN
4326:ISBN
4299:ISBN
4272:ISBN
4245:ISBN
4120:ISBN
4093:ISBN
4068:ISSN
4018:ISBN
3989:ISSN
3942:2015
3917:2014
3837:ISSN
3426:ISBN
3399:ISBN
3369:ISBN
3339:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3087:ISBN
3036:PMID
3018:ISSN
2936:link
2695:ISSN
2517:ISSN
2439:ISBN
2391:2016
2341:2024
2016:Goma
2006:and
1913:Fizi
1909:Fizi
1819:Kivu
1811:Kivu
1688:1997
1685:1988
1682:1971
1679:1966
1676:1963
1673:1947
1670:1932
1667:1919
1664:1908
1597:and
1575:and
1559:and
1541:gold
1519:and
1511:and
1416:and
1367:and
1298:gold
1272:and
1236:and
1200:and
1142:and
1107:FDLR
1029:and
1013:The
956:rape
946:and
777:and
726:The
715:and
707:and
682:Hutu
672:and
629:and
605:and
569:and
550:and
548:Hutu
540:Amba
516:Lega
512:Vira
487:and
479:and
212:17th
196:Area
119:Seal
4847:by
4814:hdl
4145:CNN
4060:doi
4048:134
3829:doi
3675:UPI
3026:PMC
3008:doi
2734:doi
2687:doi
2679:Man
2507:hdl
2499:doi
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