4049:. In the 1980s, Burundi's health authorities asked the United Nations Development Program for support to develop quality control for and begin new research on pharmaceuticals from medicinal plants. At the same time, the Burundi Association of Traditional Practitioners (ATRADIBU) was founded, which teamed up with the governments agency to set up the Centre for Research and Promotion of Traditional Medicine in Burundi (CRPMT). The recent influx of international aid has supported the work of biomedical health systems in Burundi. However, international aid workers have traditionally stayed away from indigenous medicine in Burundi. As of 2015, roughly 1 out of 10 children in Burundi die before the age of 5 from preventable and treatable illnesses such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria. The current violence in Burundi has limited the country's access to medication and hospital equipment. The life expectancy in Burundi, as of 2015, was 60.1 years. In 2013, Burundi spent 8% of their GDP on healthcare. While Burundi's
2059:, has been to monitor cease-fire, carry out disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of former military personnel, support humanitarian assistance and refugee and IDP return, assist with elections, protect international staff and Burundian civilians, monitor Burundi's troublesome borders, including halting illicit arms flows, and assist in carrying out institutional reforms including those of the Constitution, judiciary, armed forces and police. The mission has been allotted 5,650 military personnel, 120 civilian police and about 1,000 international and local civilian personnel. The mission has been functioning well. It has greatly benefited from the transitional government, which has functioned and is in the process of transitioning to one that will be popularly elected.
2326:
1438:
2118:(Forces for National Liberation, also called NLF or FROLINA), were not totally implemented, and senior FLN members subsequently left the truce monitoring team, claiming that their security was threatened. In September 2007, rival FLN factions clashed in the capital, killing 20 fighters and causing residents to begin fleeing. Rebel raids were reported in other parts of the country. The rebel factions disagreed with the government over disarmament and the release of political prisoners. In late 2007 and early 2008, FLN combatants attacked government-protected camps where former combatants were living. The homes of rural residents were also pillaged.
3581:
1774:
3305:
5327:
German claims were recognized by the other
European powers in the period 1885–94. In 1891 the German imperial government took over administration of the area from the German East Africa Company. Although its subjugation was not completed until 1907, the colony experienced considerable economic development before World War I. During the war it was occupied by the British, who received a mandate to administer the greater part of it (Tanganyika Territory) by the Treaty of Versailles (signed June 1919; enacted January 1920). A smaller portion (Ruanda-Urundi) was entrusted to Belgium.
4248:
4445:
3245:
207:
10338:
7784:
Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter
Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017).
4325:(2013) has been on developing an institutional framework and infrastructure, fostering greater regional and international co-operation and placing science in society. In October 2014, the EAC Secretariat designated the National Institute of Public Health a centre of excellence. Data are unavailable on output on nutritional sciences, the institute's area of specialization, but between 2011 and 2019, Burundi scientists produced seven articles on each of HIV and tropical communicable diseases and a further five on tuberculosis, all focus areas for the
2088:
1450:
2413:
3731:
101:
3915:
12021:
4217:
2493:
1996:
217:
2378:. As of 2004, the Transitional National Assembly consisted of 170 members, with the Front for Democracy in Burundi holding 38% of seats, and 10% of the assembly controlled by UPRONA. Fifty-two seats were controlled by other parties. Burundi's constitution mandates representation in the Transitional National Assembly to be consistent with 60% Hutu, 40% Tutsi, and 30% female members, as well as three Batwa members. Members of the National Assembly are elected by popular vote and serve five-year terms.
3684:
4163:
11862:
11218:
10553:
3721:
87:
10565:
1290:. On the other hand, there are also reports of Tutsi that lost all their cattle and subsequently lost their higher status and were called Hutu. Thus, the distinction between Hutu and Tutsi was also a socio-cultural concept, instead of a purely ethnic one. There were also many reports of marriages between Hutu and Tutsi people. In general, regional ties and power struggles played a far more determining role in Burundi's politics than ethnicity.
4357:
4066:
3090:
3907:
3570:
1901:
3694:
1860:
9334:
9444:
854:
811:
792:
759:
740:
1846:
who refused to sign the accord; as a result, violence intensified. Three years later at a summit of
African leaders in Tanzania, the Burundian president and the main opposition Hutu group signed an accord to end the conflict; the signatory members were granted ministerial posts within the government. However, smaller militant Hutu groups – such as the Forces for National Liberation – remained active.
2465:(ICC) on 27 October 2017, the first country in the world to do so. The move came after the UN accused the country of various crimes and human rights violations, such as extrajudicial killings, torture and sexual violence, in a September 2017 report. The ICC announced on 9 November 2017 that human rights violations from the time Burundi was a member would still be prosecuted.
1282:
up of the Tutsi-Banyaruguru. They had higher social status than other pastoralists such as the Tutsi-Hima. In the lower levels of this society were generally Hutu people, and at the very bottom of the pyramid were the Twa. The system had some fluidity, however. Some Hutu people belonged to the nobility and in this way also had a say in the functioning of the state.
2458:. Persons found guilty of consensual same-sex relations risk three months to two years in prison and/or a fine of 50,000 to 100,000 Burundian francs. Amnesty International has condemned the action, calling it a violation of Burundi's obligations under international and regional human rights law, and against the constitution, which guarantees the right to privacy.
1716:(FRODEBU), won the first democratic election. He became the first Hutu head of state, leading a pro-Hutu government. Though he attempted to smooth the country's bitter ethnic divide, his reforms antagonised soldiers in the Tutsi-dominated army, and he was assassinated amidst a failed military coup in October 1993, after only three months in office. The ensuing
3062:
3343:, however, plays a larger role, with 4% of Burundians being members of microfinance institutions – a larger share of the population than that reached by banking and postal services combined. 26 licensed microfinance institutions (MFIs) offer savings, deposits, and short- to medium-term credit. The dependence of the sector on donor assistance is limited.
1739:(Hutu), was appointed as president in October 1994. A coalition government involving 12 of the 13 parties was formed. A feared general massacre was averted, but violence broke out. A number of Hutu refugees in Bujumbura, the then-capital, were killed. The mainly Tutsi Union for National Progress withdrew from the government and parliament.
4147:, amashako, ibishikiso and ikiranya drums. Dance often accompanies drumming performance, which is frequently seen in celebrations and family gatherings. The abatimbo, which is performed at official ceremonies and rituals and the fast-paced abanyagasimbo are some famous Burundian dances. Some musical instruments of note are the flute,
3290:
rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East
African Community in 2009, which should boost its regional trade ties, and also in 2009 received $ 700 million in debt relief. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies seek to navigate an environment with ever-changing rules.
1654:, suspended the constitution and dissolved political parties. He reinstated military rule by a Military Committee for National Salvation (CSMN). Anti-Tutsi ethnic propaganda disseminated by the remnants of the 1972 UBU, which had re-organized as PALIPEHUTU in 1981, led to killings of Tutsi peasants in the northern communes of
2274:, a candidate who was hand-picked as Nkurunziza's successor by the CNDD-FDD, won the election with 71.45% of the vote. Shortly after, on 9 June 2020, Nkurunziza died of a cardiac arrest, at the age of 55. There was some speculation that his death was COVID-19 related, though this is unconfirmed. As per the constitution,
1834:. This method of negotiation can be defined as a form of diplomacy involving governmental or intergovernmental representatives, who may use their positive reputations, mediation, or the "carrot and stick" method as a means of obtaining or forcing an outcome, frequently along the lines of "bargaining" or "win-lose".
4842:
3082:
1842:
Burundians believed the treaty would be irrelevant without an accompanying cease fire. This would require separate and direct talks with the rebel groups. The main Hutu party was skeptical of the offer of a power-sharing government; they alleged that they had been deceived by the Tutsi in past agreements.
4311:(2013) covers the following areas: food technology; medical sciences; energy, mining and transportation; water; desertification; environmental biotechnology and indigenous knowledge; materials science; engineering and industry; ICTs; space sciences; mathematical sciences; and social and human sciences.
2548:
In July 2022, the government of
Burundi announced a complete overhaul of the country's territorial subdivisions. The proposed change would reduce the amounts of provinces from 18 to 5, and reduce the amount of communes from 119 to 42. The change needs the approval of the parliament of Burundi to take
2385:
Together, Burundi's legislative branch elect the president to a five-year term. Burundi's president appoints officials to his
Council of Ministers, which is also part of the executive branch. The president can also pick fourteen members of the Transitional Senate to serve on the Council of Ministers.
1845:
In 2000, the
Burundian President signed the treaty, as well as 13 of the 19 warring Hutu and Tutsi factions. Disagreements persisted over which group would preside over the nascent government, and when the ceasefire would begin. The spoilers of the peace talks were the hardliner Tutsi and Hutu groups
1785:
On 28 August 2000, a transitional government for
Burundi was planned as a part of the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement. The transitional government was placed on a trial basis for five years. After several aborted cease-fires, a 2001 peace plan and power-sharing agreement has been relatively
1669:
for those who had called for, carried out, and taken credit for the killings. Analysts have called this period the beginning of the "culture of impunity." Other analysts put the origins of the "culture of impunity" earlier, in 1965 and 1972, when a small number of identifiable Hutus unleashed massive
1269:
The first evidence of the
Burundian state dates back to the late 16th century where it emerged on the eastern foothills. Over the following centuries it expanded, annexing smaller neighbours. The Kingdom of Burundi, or Urundi, in the Great Lakes region was a polity ruled by a traditional monarch with
2262:
in May 2018, Burundians voted by 79.08% to approve an amended constitution that ensured that
Nkurunziza could remain in power until 2034. However, much to the surprise of most observers, Nkurunziza later announced that he did not intend to serve another term, paving the way for a new president to be
1841:
As the protracted nature of the peace talks demonstrated, the mediators and negotiating parties confronted several obstacles. First, the Burundian officials perceived the goals as "unrealistic" and viewed the treaty as ambiguous, contradictory and confusing. Second, and perhaps most importantly, the
1281:
In the mid-18th century, the Tutsi royalty consolidated authority over land, production, and distribution with the development of the ubugabire—a patron-client relationship in which the populace received royal protection in exchange for tribute and land tenure. By this time, the royal court was made
4336:
has also focused on training researchers. Researcher density (in head counts) grew from 40 to 55 researchers per million inhabitants between 2011 and 2018. The amount of funding available to each researcher more than doubled from PPP$ 14,310 (constant 2005 values) to PPP$ 22,480, since the domestic
4265:
rate in Burundi was estimated to be 74.71% for men and women between the ages of 15 and 24, while the youth literacy rate was much higher at 92.58%. Burundi has a comparatively high literacy rate to other countries in the region, which is only about 10% lower than the global average. Ten percent of
3289:
The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. As a result of deepening poverty, Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors. Foreign aid represents 42% of Burundi's national income, the second highest
2141:
In late March 2008, the FLN sought for the parliament to adopt a law guaranteeing them 'provisional immunity' from arrest. This would cover ordinary crimes, but not grave violations of international humanitarian law like war crimes or crimes against humanity . Even though the government has granted
5326:
In archived text: German East Africa, German Deutsch-Ostafrika, former dependency of imperial Germany, corresponding to present-day Rwanda and Burundi, the continental portion of Tanzania, and a small section of Mozambique. Penetration of the area was begun in 1884 by German commercial agents, and
2381:
The Transitional Senate has fifty-one members, and three seats are reserved for former presidents. Due to stipulations in Burundi's constitution, 30% of Senate members must be female. Members of the Senate are elected by electoral colleges, which consist of members from each of Burundi's provinces
2221:
established the Commission of Inquiry on Burundi through resolution 33/24. Its mandate is to "conduct a thorough investigation into human rights violations and abuses committed in Burundi since April 2015, to identify alleged perpetrators and to formulate recommendations." On 29 September 2017 the
2125:
mentions many areas where improvement is required. Civilians are victims of repeated acts of violence done by the FLN. The latter also recruits child soldiers. The rate of violence against women is high. Perpetrators regularly escape prosecution and punishment by the state. There is an urgent need
7783:
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist,
2078:
The 2005 Constitution formalised a complex power-sharing architecture that has been described as "associational" in its logic, as it aims to provide guarantees of representation for the Tutsi minority without entrenching the ethnic cleavage at the centre of Burundian politics. This institutional
2074:
While there are still some difficulties with refugee returns and securing adequate food supplies for the war-weary population, the mission managed to win the trust and confidence of a majority of the formerly warring leaders, as well as the population at large. It was involved with several "quick
1837:
The main objective was to transform the Burundian government and military structurally in order to bridge the ethnic gap between the Tutsi and Hutu. It was to take place in two major steps. First, a transitional power-sharing government would be established, with the presidents holding office for
1464:
requested Burundi's independence from Belgium and dissolution of the Ruanda-Urundi union. In the following months, Burundian political parties began to advocate for the end of Belgian colonial rule and the separation of Rwanda and Burundi. The first and largest of these political parties was the
3181:
is around 11% of the total land area, equivalent to 279,640 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, up from 276,480 hectares (ha) in 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 166,670 hectares (ha) and planted forest covered 112,970 hectares (ha). Of the naturally regenerating forest 23% was
2066:
The focus of the UN's mission had been to enshrine the power-sharing arrangements in a popularly voted constitution, so that elections may be held and a new government installed. Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration were done in tandem with elections preparations. In February 2005, the
1615:
used the army to combat Hutu rebels and commit genocide, murdering targeted members of the Hutu majority. The total number of casualties was never established, but contemporary estimates put the number of people killed between 80,000 and 210,000. In addition, several hundred thousand Hutu were
3616:
is the city with the most daily flight connections to Bujumbura. The country has a road network but as of 2005 less than 10% of the country's roads were paved and as of 2012 private bus companies were the main operators of buses on the international route to Kigali; however, there were no bus
2157:
The UN has attempted to evaluate the impact of its peace-building initiatives. In the early 2010s, the UN peacekeeping mission in Burundi sought to assess the success of its Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration program by counting the number of arms that had been collected, given the
2194:
failed to depose Nkurunziza. He returned to Burundi, began purging his government, and arrested several of the coup leaders. Following the attempted coup, protests however continued and over 100,000 people had fled the country by 20 May causing a humanitarian emergency. There are reports of
1424:
under Belgian administrative authority. During the 1940s, a series of policies caused divisions throughout the country. On 4 October 1943, powers were split in the legislative division of Burundi's government between chiefdoms and lower chiefdoms. Chiefdoms were in charge of land, and lower
2062:
The main difficulty in the early stages was continued resistance to the peace process by the last Hutu nationalist rebel group. This organisation continued its violent conflict on the outskirts of the capital despite the UN's presence. By June 2005, the group had stopped fighting and its
1695:
have taken place in the country: the 1972 mass killings of Hutus by the Tutsi-dominated army, and the mass killings of Tutsis in 1993 by the Hutu majority. Both were described as genocides in the final report of the International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi presented in 2002 to the
4344:
in 2015. With six scientific publications per million inhabitants, Burundi still has one of the lowest publication rate in Central and East Africa. Some 97.5% of publications involved foreign co-authorship between 2017 and 2019, with Ugandans figuring among the top five partners.
4045:. The civil war in 1962 put a stop on the medical advancements in the country. Burundi, again, went into a violent cycle in 2015, jeopardising the citizens of Burundi's medical care. Like other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Burundi uses indigenous medicine in addition to
4830:
5221:
Uvin, Peter. 1999. "Ethnicity and Power in Burundi and Rwanda: Different Paths to Mass Violence" in Comparative Politics, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Apr. 1999), pp. 253–272 Published by: Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York. Page
2401:
with 71.45% of the vote. Shortly after, on 9 June 2020, Nkurunziza died of a cardiac arrest, at the age of 55. As per the constitution, Pascal Nyabenda, the president of the national assembly, led the government until Ndayishimiye's inauguration on 18 June 2020.
6565:
2052:, deployed to help oversee the installation of a transitional government. In June 2004, the UN stepped in and took over peacekeeping responsibilities as a signal of growing international support for the already markedly advanced peace process in Burundi.
1255:), to be a direct territorial continuation of a pre-colonial era African state. The early history of Burundi, and especially the role and nature of the country's three dominant ethnic groups, the Twa, Hutu and Tutsi, is highly debated amongst academics.
2048:, gradually established power-sharing agreements to satisfy the majority of the contending groups. Initially the South African Protection Support Detachment was deployed to protect Burundian leaders returning from exile. These forces became part of the
1750:. He suspended the constitution and was sworn in as president in 1998. This was the start of his second term as president, after his first term from 1987 to 1993. In response to rebel attacks, the government forced much of the population to move to
1285:
The classification of Hutu or Tutsi was not merely based on ethnic criteria alone. Hutu farmers that managed to acquire wealth and livestock were regularly granted the higher social status of Tutsi, some even made it to become close advisors of the
5090:
2187:
would seek a third term in office. Protestors claimed Nkurunziza could not run for a third term in office but the country's constitutional court agreed with Nkurunziza (although some of its members had fled the country at the time of its vote).
1100:
Burundi remains primarily a rural society, with just 13.4% of the population living in urban areas in 2019. Burundi is densely populated, and many young people emigrate in search of opportunities elsewhere. Roughly 85% of the population are of
5796:
International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (2002). Paragraph 85. "The Micombero regime responded with a genocidal repression that is estimated to have caused over a hundred thousand victims and forced several hundred thousand Hutus into
3338:
Lack of access to financial services is a serious problem for the majority of the population, particularly in densely populated rural areas: only 2% of the total population holds bank accounts and fewer than 0.5% use bank lending services.
3257:
accounts for 90% of agriculture. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Other agricultural products include cotton, tea, maize,
1148:
are major ecological concerns. As of 2005, the country was almost completely deforested. Less than 6% of its land was covered by trees, and over half of that being for commercial plantations. Burundi is the poorest country in the world by
1278:) which owned most of the land and required a tribute, or tax, from local farmers (mainly Hutu) and herders (mainly Tutsi). The Kingdom of Burundi was characterised by a hierarchical political authority and tributary economic exchange.
2154:, South Africa's Minister for Safety and Security. This was the first direct meeting since June 2007. Both agreed to meet twice a week to establish a commission to resolve any disputes that might arise during the peace negotiations.
2063:
representatives were brought back into the political process. All political parties have accepted a formula for inter-ethnic power-sharing: no political party can gain access to government offices unless it is ethnically integrated.
8469:. "In one of Africa's most densely populated countries, brothers are killing brothers over the right to farm mere acres of earth. There's just not enough land to go around in Burundi — and it could push the country into civil war."
2409:(Supreme Court) is Burundi's highest court. There are three Courts of Appeals directly below the Supreme Court. Tribunals of First Instance are used as judicial courts in each of Burundi's provinces as well as 123 local tribunals.
4962:
2226:. It further stressed that, "The Burundian government has so far refused to cooperate with the Commission of Inquiry, despite the Commission's repeated requests and initiatives." The violations the Commission documented include
3335:'s Network Readiness Index (NRI) – an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. Burundi ranked number 147 overall in the 2014 NRI ranking, down from 144 in 2013.
3186:(consisting of native tree species with no clearly visible indications of human activity) and around 41% of the forest area was found within protected areas. For the year 2015, 100% of the forest area was reported to be under
4314:
With regard to material sciences, Burundi's publication intensity doubled from 0.6 to 1.2 articles per million inhabitants between 2012 and 2019, placing it in the top 15 for sub-Saharan Africa for this strategic technology.
3270:
is highly relied upon, many people do not have the resources to sustain themselves. This is due to large population growth and no coherent policies governing land ownership. In 2014, the average farm size was about one acre.
1086:
4446:
3954:
Burundi remains an overwhelmingly rural society, with just 13% of the population living in urban areas in 2013. The population density of around 315 people per square kilometre (753 per sq mi) is the second highest in
1786:
successful. A cease-fire was signed in 2003 between the Tutsi-controlled Burundian government and the largest Hutu rebel group, CNDD-FDD (National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy).
6549:
6738:
2145:
On 17 April 2008, the FLN bombarded Bujumbura. The Burundian army fought back and the FLN suffered heavy losses. A new ceasefire was signed on 26 May 2008. In August 2008, President Nkurunziza met with the FLN leader
3252:
Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural, accounting for 50% of GDP in 2017 and employing more than 90% of the population.
1677:, asking for more representation of the Hutu in the administration. They were arrested and jailed. A few weeks later, Buyoya appointed a new government, with an equal number of Hutu and Tutsi ministers. He appointed
1799:(Hutu), once a leader of a rebel group, was elected president in 2005. As of 2008, the Burundian government was talking with the Hutu-led Palipehutu-National Liberation Forces (NLF) to bring peace to the country.
5075:
Les approches bi-plurilingues d'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26–27 mars 2015, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier,
1525:
brought a majority of Hutu into the parliament, but when King Mwambutsa appointed a Tutsi prime minister, some Hutu felt this was unjust and ethnic tensions were further increased. In October 1965, an attempted
8530:
4135:
Crafts are an important art form in Burundi and are attractive gifts to many tourists. Basket weaving is a popular craft for local artisans, as well as other crafts such as masks, shields, statues and pottery.
11816:
6652:
12190:
4177:
Basketball and track and field are noted sports. Martial arts are popular, as well. There are five major judo clubs: Club Judo de l'Entente Sportive, in Downtown, and four others throughout the city.
2386:
Members of the Council of Ministers must be approved by two-thirds of Burundi's legislature. The president also chooses two vice-presidents. Following the 2015 election, the president of Burundi was
1720:(1993–2005) saw persistent violence between Hutu rebels and the Tutsi majority army. It is estimated that some 300,000 people, mostly civilians, were killed in the years following the assassination.
8511:
6622:
12170:
195:
7047:
1681:(Hutu) as Prime Minister. Buyoya also created a commission to address issues of national unity. In 1992, the government created a new constitution that provided for a multi-party system, but a
7658:
2359:
established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition. Six years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening
1793:(Hutu) was elected president. In early 2005, ethnic quotas were formed for determining positions in Burundi's government. Throughout the year, elections for parliament and president occurred.
3328:. Besides agriculture, other industries include: the assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing, and light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, and soap.
1371:
on the German colony. The German army stationed in Burundi was forced to retreat by the numerical superiority of the Belgian army and by 17 June 1916, Burundi and Rwanda were occupied. The
9364:
7419:
2095:
Reconstruction efforts in Burundi started to practically take effect after 2006. The UN shut down its peacekeeping mission and re-focused on helping with reconstruction. Toward achieving
1607:. The rebels attacked both Tutsi and any Hutu who refused to join their rebellion. During this initial Hutu outbreak, anywhere from 800 to 1200 people were killed. At the same time, King
6676:
4958:
11271:
7451:
8407:
8071:
6149:
4023:
practitioners constitute the remaining 15–25%. An estimated 5% of the population adheres to traditional indigenous religious beliefs. Muslims constitute 2–5%, the majority of whom are
4318:
Medical sciences remain the main focus of research: medical researchers accounted for 4% of the country's scientists in 2018 but 41% of scientific publications between 2011 and 2019.
2158:
prevalence of arms in the country. However, these evaluations failed to include data from local populations, which are significant in impact evaluations of peacebuilding initiatives.
1085:. In 2000, the Arusha Agreement was adopted, which was largely integrated in a new constitution in 2005. Since the 2005 post-war elections, the country's dominant party has been the
6444:
4601:
1328:
and protect the empire's interests in the region. The German East Africa Company transferred its rights to the German Empire in 1891, in this way establishing the German colony of
193:
5871:
1611:
returned from exile, heightening political tension in the country. On 29 April 1972, the 24-year-old Ntare V was murdered. In subsequent months, the Tutsi-dominated government of
1476:
and the accompanying instability and ethnic conflict that occurred there. As a result of the Rwandan Revolution, many Rwandan Tutsi refugees arrived in Burundi from 1959 to 1961.
4188:
Most Christian holidays are celebrated, with Christmas being the largest. Burundian Independence Day is celebrated annually on 1 July. In 2005, the Burundian government declared
3278:. Approximately 80% of Burundi's population lives in poverty. Famines and food shortages have occurred throughout Burundi, most notably in the 20th century, and according to the
1158:
7128:
2071:
was approved with over 90% of the popular vote. In May, June and August 2005, three separate elections were also held at the local level for the Parliament and the presidency.
6735:
8278:
8111:
3933:
10742:
10041:
8488:
6761:
7359:
7008:
4274:
8527:
7488:
4907:
7329:
6975:
5727:
7389:
6115:
5685:
5200:
194:
9394:
8657:
8414:
8385:
7299:
707:
7424:
6644:
11865:
8632:
6860:
5073:
6527:
5123:
1416:
The Belgians, however, preserved many of the kingdom's institutions; the Burundian monarchy succeeded in surviving into the post-colonial period. Following the
11061:
10680:
6213:
10747:
8018:
6182:
4174:
is strong, relaying history and life lessons through storytelling, poetry and song. Imigani, indirimbo, amazina and ivyivugo are literary genres in Burundi.
8462:
6799:
3951:
Many Burundians have migrated to other countries as a result of the civil war. In 2006, the United States accepted approximately 10,000 Burundian refugees.
3617:
connections to the other neighbouring countries (Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of Congo). Bujumbura is connected by a passenger and cargo ferry (the
9001:
8886:
8849:
8761:
8697:
8194:
8093:
7631:
7209:
7172:
6718:
6359:
6035:
5938:
6901:
6606:
3940:
is 2.5 percent per year, more than double the average global pace, and a Burundian woman has on average 5.10 children, more than double the international
2538:
Burundi's provinces and communes were created on Christmas Day in 1959 by a Belgian colonial decree. They replaced the pre-existing system of chieftains.
12215:
12210:
8508:
7527:
5279:
1831:
12175:
11041:
10964:
10882:
10798:
10793:
9037:
6496:
2821:
2692:
2382:
and communes. For each of Burundi's eighteen provinces, one Hutu and one Tutsi senator are chosen. One term for the Transitional Senate is five years.
7240:
7031:
5662:
5269:
WEISSMAN, S., Preventing genocide in Burundi: lessons from international diplomacy, Washington D.C., United States Institute of Peace Press, 1998, p5.
4631:
11000:
10949:
7650:
2902:
2587:
1509:, but he was assassinated on 15 January 1965 by a Rwandan Tutsi employed by the US Embassy. The assassination occurred in the broader context of the
8439:
4734:
11898:
10675:
7187:
6827:
5989:
693:
11770:
6468:
3286:. Burundi's export earnings – and its ability to pay for imports – rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices.
2195:
continued and widespread abuses of human rights, including unlawful killings, torture, disappearances, and restrictions on freedom of expression.
1639:
to topple Micombero and set about promoting reform. His administration drafted a new constitution in 1981, which maintained Burundi's status as a
11036:
9774:
9361:
8147:
6780:
2104:
1312:
was active in the African Great Lakes region. As a result of heightened tensions and border disputes between the German East Africa Company, the
8172:
6290:
2079:
design provides an original contribution from Burundian negotiators and constitution makers to institutional options to manage ethnic conflict.
11263:
7989:
7557:
6673:
4698:
4296:
In 2010 a new elementary school was opened in the small village of Rwoga that is funded by the pupils of Westwood High School, Quebec, Canada.
2075:
effect" projects, including rehabilitating and building schools, orphanages, health clinics and rebuilding infrastructure such as water lines.
8307:
7448:
6077:
1565:
and received support from the People's Republic of China. He imposed a staunch regime of law and order and sharply repressed Hutu militarism.
10844:
10032:
8234:
7609:
6138:
5863:
4872:
2166:
1534:
purged Hutu from their ranks and carried out reprisal attacks which ultimately claimed the lives of up to 5,000 people in a precursor to the
1186:
1150:
815:
11765:
6320:
5970:
5540:
4570:
12200:
10887:
10411:
5564:
4090:
Burundi's culture is based on local tradition and the influence of neighbouring countries, though cultural prominence has been hindered by
865:
8359:
6420:
4593:
2541:
In 2000, the province encompassing Bujumbura was separated into two provinces, Bujumbura Rural and Bujumbura Mairie. The newest province,
12195:
11811:
11141:
10867:
10788:
10783:
7703:
6923:
5761:
Lemarchand, (2008). Section "B – Decision-Makers, Organizers and Actors" cites (Chrétien Jean-Pierre and Dupaquier, Jean-Francois, 2007,
1732:
1659:
7947:
7888:
3274:
Burundi is the world's poorest country, owing in part to its landlocked geography, lack of access to education and the proliferation of
1838:
three-year terms. The second objective involved a restructuring of the armed forces, where the two groups would be represented equally.
10897:
5036:
1807:
African leaders began a series of peace talks between the warring factions following a request by the United Nations Secretary General
662:
9415:
8054:
6337:
3150:
The average elevation of the central plateau is 1,707 m (5,600 ft), with lower elevations at the borders. The highest peak,
11254:
10821:
7759:"LOI N 1/10 DU 26 MARS 2015 PORTANT CREATION DE LA PROVINCE DU RUMONGE ET DELIMITATION DES PROVINCES DE BUJUMBURA, BURURI ET RUMONGE"
7697:"LOI N 1/10 DU 26 MARS 2015 PORTANT CREATION DE LA PROVINCE DU RUMONGE ET DELIMITATION DES PROVINCES DE BUJUMBURA, BURURI ET RUMONGE"
7120:
2056:
1643:. In August 1984, Bagaza was elected head of state. During his tenure, Bagaza suppressed political opponents and religious freedoms.
1166:
763:
8275:
6383:
5776:
Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century: C. Burundi (1972–73, primarily Hutu killed by Tutsi) 120,000
5631:
1550:
9483:
8108:
3383:, though coins have never been issued in centimes in independent Burundi; centime coins were circulated only when Burundi used the
2259:
6010:
4001:. English was made an official language in 2014. Virtually the entire population speaks Kirundi, and just under 10% speak French.
2191:
12220:
11775:
11084:
10892:
10603:
10347:
8485:
5778:
5313:
5231:
VANDEGINSTE, S., Stones left unturned: law and transitional justice in Burundi, Antwerp-Oxford-Portland, Intersentia, 2010, p 17.
1911:
1340:). The German Empire stationed armed forces in Rwanda and Burundi during the late 1880s. The location of the present-day city of
9082:
8550:
7321:
6959:
6758:
12116:
11031:
10737:
9681:
8979:
8864:
8329:
7351:
7000:
1549:, claimed the throne. In November that same year, the Tutsi Prime Minister, then-Captain Michel Micombero, carried out another
5392:
3154:
at 2,685 m (8,810 ft), lies to the southeast of the largest city and economic capital, Bujumbura. The source of the
1494:
The country claimed independence on 1 July 1962, and legally changed its name from Ruanda-Urundi to Burundi. Burundi became a
10854:
10836:
10700:
10663:
10397:
9549:
9270:
9139:
9076:
8827:
8724:
8675:
7281:
6438:
6109:
5916:
5824:
5721:
5254:
5249:
Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
2114:
However, the terms of the September 2006 Ceasefire between the government and the last remaining armed opposition group, the
7472:
7097:
6699:
6589:
5174:
4936:
1542:
1058:
11891:
11066:
11055:
10816:
9747:
8923:
8739:
7728:
7150:
4902:
4894:
3144:
2352:
2211:
1522:
1498:
with Mwami Mwambutsa IV, Prince Rwagasore's father, serving as the country's king. On 18 September 1962 Burundi joined the
1480:
1074:
7381:
4766:
1665:
The new regime did not unleash the harsh reprisals of 1972. Its effort to gain public trust was eroded when it decreed an
1662:
in August 1988. The government put the death toll at 5,000, some international NGOs believed this understated the deaths.
11151:
11146:
10877:
10872:
10705:
8957:
7412:"State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition"
5908:
5583:
5192:
2218:
2115:
1530:
led by the Hutu-dominated police was carried out but failed. The Tutsi dominated army, then led by Tutsi officer Captain
1461:
1352:
7296:
12185:
12160:
10710:
9018:
7411:
4997:
3239:
3140:
1174:
796:
6852:
6402:
1969:
10025:
9977:
9496:
9313:
9214:
9173:
9118:
8909:
8815:
8228:
7997:
7931:
7873:
7853:
6519:
6061:
5848:
5613:
5503:
5472:
5444:
5417:
5400:
5347:
5153:
5115:
5084:
4496:
4452:
4380:
4340:
Burundi has almost tripled its scientific output since 2011 but the pace has not picked up since the adoption of the
2031:
1887:
1811:
for them to intervene in the humanitarian crisis. Talks were initiated under the aegis of former Tanzanian President
1692:
1488:
7214:
From "The Financial Times World Desk Reference". Dorling Kindersley. 2004. Prentice Hall. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
6205:
4655:"'Throwing in my two cents': Burundian diaspora youth between conventional and transformative forms of mobilization"
4015:
Sources estimate the Christian population at 80–90%, with Roman Catholics representing the largest group at 60–65%.
1941:
11361:
11046:
10979:
10969:
10905:
10765:
10358:
10116:
9720:
9593:
8778:
5946:
4390:
3626:
3132:
2178:
2162:
2100:
2049:
1031:
1018:
peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent
988:
12020:
8459:
8408:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"
8010:
1747:
1651:
1636:
1527:
238:
12165:
12046:
11884:
11121:
9800:
9569:
6796:
6174:
4959:"Loi n°1/04 du 04 février 2019 portant Fixation de la Capitale Politique et de la Capitale Economique du Burundi"
3593:
3573:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3395:
2398:
2264:
1697:
1243:
Burundi is one of the few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, along with its neighbour Rwanda among others (such as
6715:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
2278:, the president of the national assembly, led the government until Ndayishimiye's inauguration on 18 June 2020.
1425:
sub-chiefdoms were established. Native authorities also had powers. In 1948, Belgium allowed the region to form
11907:
11826:
11801:
10974:
10692:
9725:
9522:
6884:
3136:
2235:
1948:
1926:
1713:
1421:
744:
7511:
5283:
2044:
Between 1993 and 2003, many rounds of peace talks, overseen by regional leaders in Tanzania, South Africa and
12180:
11922:
11247:
11198:
11026:
11014:
10757:
10669:
9876:
9825:
9757:
9512:
8598:
5240:
R. O. Collins & J. M. Burns. 2007. A History of Sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge University Press. Page 125.
4341:
4326:
1518:
1065:
republic. Over the next 27 years, Burundi was ruled by a series of Tutsi dictators and notably experienced a
928:
475:
11506:
10262:
9034:
6486:
12225:
12058:
11113:
11076:
11051:
10862:
10715:
10620:
10018:
9921:
9916:
9693:
9476:
7229:
5659:
4623:
3613:
3294:
3202:
2462:
2360:
1631:
Following the civil war and genocide, Micombero became mentally distraught and withdrawn. In 1976, Colonel
1387:, Germany was forced to cede "control" of the Western section of the former German East Africa to Belgium.
1162:
906:
413:
4057:
is 61.9 deaths for every 1,000 live births. Common diseases in Burundi include malaria and typhoid fever.
2390:. The first vice-president was Therence Sinunguruza, and the Second Vice-president was Gervais Rufyikiri.
2325:
1487:
won just over 80% of the electorate's votes. In the wake of the elections, on 13 October, the 29-year-old
100:
11557:
11089:
10826:
10725:
10596:
9740:
9586:
9409:
8436:
5986:
4838:
4802:
4741:
3108:
2301:
2297:
1955:
1466:
1078:
555:
9380:
9349:
6819:
12230:
11136:
10941:
10648:
9946:
9820:
9715:
9250:(Between two worlds) Lavigerie Éditeurs, Bujumbura: 1971. Kayoya was murdered during the 1972 genocide.
6465:
1688:
An estimated total of 250,000 people died in Burundi from the various conflicts between 1962 and 1993.
1309:
892:
390:
8140:
6777:
6254:"The Politics of Association: Power-Sharing and the Depoliticization of Ethnicity in Post-War Burundi"
5860:
11094:
9871:
9769:
9764:
9640:
9615:
6253:
4140:
3665:
2934:
1703:
1584:
1578:
1574:
1398:
1154:
1038:
mandated the territories of Burundi and neighboring Rwanda to Belgium in a combined territory called
505:
490:
8633:"Panalpina flies UNICEF relief to Burundi; 70 tons of primary medical care goods arrived in Burundi"
8262:
7549:
4690:
1937:
12031:
11947:
11346:
11240:
11131:
10775:
10633:
10101:
9896:
9630:
9620:
9532:
9447:
8496:
8299:
6853:"OHCHR – Commission calls on Burundian government to put an end to serious human rights violations"
6074:
3213:, also known as Ruvubu or Ruvuvu). Both were established in 1982 to conserve wildlife populations.
2958:
2364:
2340:
1873:
1736:
1458:
8210:
7963:
4864:
2271:
481:
11806:
11232:
11203:
11193:
10931:
9941:
9886:
9840:
9698:
9676:
9671:
9469:
8790:
6924:"Amendments to constitution of Burundi approved: electoral commission – Xinhua | English.news.cn"
6316:
5966:
5532:
4566:
4282:
3923:
3358:
3351:
3267:
3254:
2426:
2243:
2239:
2223:
2135:
2096:
2068:
1495:
1406:
1213:, who ruled the region starting in the 16th century. It derives its name from a word "Urundi" in
1133:
1094:
843:
721:
680:
634:
444:
106:
9068:
Central and East Africa. In UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development
5561:
11796:
11629:
11221:
11188:
11099:
10808:
10653:
10589:
9926:
9815:
9703:
9452:
8355:
6241:
Howard, Lise Morje (2008). UN Peacekeeping in Civil Wars. New York: Cambridge University Press.
5816:
4286:
3937:
3347:
3298:
2448:
2430:
2300:, Burundi's economic growth increased slightly to 3 percent, according to an assessment of the
2108:
1484:
1429:. These factions contributed to Burundi gaining its independence from Belgium, on 1 July 1962.
1337:
1194:
1178:
771:
715:
384:
10518:
9389:
8446:". (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division. p. 27.
7758:
7696:
7075:
6931:
6380:
5711:
5495:
5489:
3730:
1728:
11366:
10954:
10926:
10121:
9730:
9456:
9129:
7885:
6099:
5682:
4270:
4201:
3596:
is the only airport with a paved runway and as of May 2017 it was serviced by four airlines (
3354:. Burundi economy has declined since 1990s and Burundi is behind all neighbouring countries.
2444:
2440:
2394:
2308:
2122:
1808:
1558:
1521:
as it attempted to make Burundi a logistics base for communist insurgents battling in Congo.
1364:
1317:
1181:
ranked the country as the world's least happy with a rank of 156. Burundi is a member of the
525:
9399:
7636:
International Conference on AIDS 2004. 15 July 2004. NLM Gateway. Retrieved on 22 June 2008.
5905:
Genocide and crisis in Central Africa : conflict roots, mass violence, and regional war
5028:
2435:
Burundi's government has been repeatedly criticised by human rights organisations including
2161:
As of 2012, Burundi was participating in African Union peacekeeping missions, including the
1383:, an administrative centre of central German East Africa. After the war, as outlined in the
11876:
11603:
10921:
9891:
9835:
9752:
9710:
9688:
9635:
9603:
8572:"Indigenous medicine and biomedical health care in fragile settings: insights from Burundi"
8051:
4792:
4256:
4178:
3980:
3945:
3927:
3683:
3670:
3580:
3564:
3332:
3279:
3206:
3198:
3098:
2524:
2474:
1632:
1541:
King Mwambutsa, who had fled the country during the October coup of 1965, was deposed by a
1384:
1198:
649:
429:
5628:
86:
8:
11842:
11659:
10379:
10362:
9951:
9906:
9866:
9659:
9645:
9625:
9581:
9065:
Njoki Kingiri; Awono Onana (11 June 2021). Schneegans, S.; Straza, T.; Lewis, J. (eds.).
8538:
6430:
5412:
Strachan, H. (2001). The First World War: To Arms. I. New York: Oxford University Press.
4385:
4125:
4042:
4041:
Burundi has the worst hunger and malnourishment rates of all 120 countries ranked in the
4010:
3331:
In regards to telecommunications infrastructure, Burundi is ranked second to last in the
3222:
2532:
2528:
2482:
2478:
2337:
2320:
2222:
Commission of Inquiry on Burundi called on Burundian government to put an end to serious
1717:
1506:
1082:
976:
898:
511:
457:
451:
425:
11971:
9339:
9198:
Gender and Genocide in Burundi: The Search for Spaces of Peace in the Great Lakes Region
8854:, Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 20 July 2008.
8553:. U.S. Department of State. State.gov (17 November 2010). Retrieved on 24 November 2012.
4230:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
3244:
2506:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2142:
this in the past to people, the FLN has been unable to obtain the provisional immunity.
2009:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1673:
In the aftermath of the killings, a group of Hutu intellectuals wrote an open letter to
12205:
11952:
11930:
11847:
11644:
11172:
11125:
9970:
9854:
9830:
9788:
9539:
9527:
9504:
9404:
9362:
the United Nations International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (UNICIB) (1995–1996)
8807:
8611:
8250:
7985:
7818:
7785:
7385:
7063:
6282:
5809:
4797:
4375:
4370:
4081:
4077:
3956:
3601:
3233:
3102:
2436:
2348:
2282:
1790:
1724:
1608:
1546:
1473:
1442:
1329:
1299:
1264:
1234:
1210:
1054:
1023:
1019:
968:
588:
575:
562:
496:
10010:
8891:
Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
8766:
Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
8702:
Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2008.
8437:
Table 2. Total population by country, 1950, 2000, 2015, 2025 and 2050 (medium-variant)
7651:"Burundi : Proposition – 5 provinces au lieu de 18 et 42 communes au lieu de 119"
5775:
5305:
4724:"Kingdom of Burundi". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Retrieved 15 October 2016.
3304:
2169:
was established, initially for four years and then extended for another four in 2018.
1437:
1270:
several princes beneath him; succession struggles were common. The king, known as the
11999:
11649:
11386:
10959:
10658:
10564:
10137:
9911:
9881:
9554:
9309:
9266:
9210:
9204:
9169:
9135:
9114:
9072:
9066:
8995:
8905:
8880:
8843:
8811:
8755:
8720:
8691:
8603:
8224:
8188:
8087:
7993:
7927:
7895:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved on 20 July 2008.
7869:
7849:
7823:
7805:
7754:
7692:
7625:
7519:
7480:
7277:
7237:
United Nations' Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM)
7203:
7166:
7039:
6967:
6893:
6614:
6557:
6434:
6353:
6286:
6274:
6105:
6057:
6029:
5932:
5844:
5820:
5717:
5609:
5499:
5468:
5440:
5413:
5250:
5149:
5080:
4993:
4672:
4143:, who have performed for over 40 years, are noted for traditional drumming using the
4036:
3986:
3804:
3597:
3116:
3006:
2982:
2387:
2375:
2329:
2293:
2184:
1962:
1796:
1604:
1562:
1426:
1395:
1126:
1114:
1035:
972:
8333:
5467:. Syracuse University: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. p. 7.
5439:. Syracuse University: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. p. 5.
4121:
3720:
3061:
206:
12155:
10638:
9986:
9936:
9931:
9735:
9576:
9433:
8615:
8593:
8583:
8216:
7813:
7797:
6426:
6266:
5389:
4770:
4662:
4526:
4513:
4464:
4411:
4085:
3998:
3894:
3876:
3840:
3822:
3711:
3159:
2910:
2877:
2858:
2853:
2772:
2748:
2724:
2595:
2542:
1778:
1770:, South Africa, to share power in Burundi. The agreements took four years to plan.
1709:
1612:
1531:
1417:
1368:
1118:
1090:
1087:
National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy
1070:
1043:
823:
540:
419:
301:
296:
69:
39:
9159:
Burundi on the Brink, 1993–95: A UN Special Envoy Reflects on Preventive Diplomacy
6270:
5709:
4667:
4654:
3158:
is in Bururi province, and is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters via the
1704:
First attempt at democracy and war between Tutsi National Army and Hutu population
11935:
11791:
11441:
10557:
10466:
10053:
9901:
9805:
9384:
9368:
9041:
9022:
8927:
8782:
8534:
8515:
8492:
8466:
8443:
8282:
8115:
8109:
A Global Projection of Subjective Well-being: A Challenge to Positive Psychology?
8058:
7892:
7845:
7455:
7303:
7089:
6803:
6784:
6765:
6742:
6722:
6703:
6696:
6680:
6593:
6586:
6472:
6406:
6387:
6324:
6081:
5993:
5974:
5867:
5782:
5689:
5666:
5635:
5587:
5568:
5396:
5166:
4932:
4542:
4534:
3994:
3968:
3858:
3786:
3750:
3384:
3376:
3370:
3187:
3171:
2963:
2829:
2700:
2667:
2643:
2619:
2412:
2397:, a candidate who was hand-picked as Nkurunziza's successor by the CNDD-FDD, won
2275:
2151:
1922:
1773:
1678:
1640:
1325:
1170:
1122:
1062:
1050:
1027:
1007:
992:
876:
92:
54:
9015:
8920:
7732:
4247:
11639:
10643:
10628:
10503:
10487:
9194:
8471:
7274:
Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties
4362:
4171:
4054:
3941:
3768:
3763:
3725:
3693:
3588:
Burundi's transport network is limited and underdeveloped. According to a 2012
3448:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3410:
3183:
3112:
3030:
2801:
2796:
2199:
1816:
1812:
1735:
in April 1994. More refugees started fleeing to Rwanda. Speaker of Parliament,
1553:, this time deposing Ntare, abolishing the monarchy and declaring the nation a
1499:
1372:
1360:
1313:
1190:
1047:
291:
9225:
Burundi's Negative Peace: The Shadow of a Broken Continent in the Era of Nepad
8949:
6400:
Peace Building Commission Update, A project of the Institute for Global Policy
5580:
4113:
When several Burundians of close acquaintance meet for a gathering they drink
12149:
12131:
12118:
11562:
11411:
10612:
10569:
10177:
9544:
9424:
7949:
Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194
7809:
7523:
7484:
7043:
6971:
6897:
6618:
6561:
6278:
4676:
4016:
3629:
to link the country via rail to Kigali and then onward to Kampala and Kenya.
3605:
3194:
3163:
2455:
2356:
2344:
2307:
Currently, Burundi remains as one of the poorest nations on Earth based on a
2203:
2147:
1743:
1674:
1647:
1514:
1483:
took place on 8 September 1961 and UPRONA, a multi-ethnic unity party led by
1391:
1356:
1332:, which included Burundi (Urundi), Rwanda (Ruanda), and the mainland part of
1321:
1303:
1238:
1218:
1182:
1137:
1039:
921:
601:
461:
396:
253:
240:
216:
178:
9997:
8588:
8571:
7801:
3936:
to have a population of 12,346,893, compared to only 2,456,000 in 1950. The
2545:, was created on 26 March 2015 from portions of Bujumbura Rural and Bururi.
2183:
In April 2015 protests broke out after the ruling party announced President
1449:
1217:
the local language, which means "Another one". Later the Belgian mandate to
12090:
12004:
11316:
10287:
10277:
10081:
8607:
7909:
7827:
6399:
6097:
4299:
As of 2022, Burundi invested the equivalent of 5% of its GDP in education.
4095:
4094:. Since farming is the main industry, a typical Burundian meal consists of
4091:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3391:
3340:
3283:
3210:
3178:
3167:
2207:
1879:
1824:
1755:
1751:
1510:
1214:
1145:
1141:
1132:
One of the smallest countries in Africa, Burundi's land is used mostly for
311:
5957:
International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (2002). Paragraphs 85,496.
5339:
3293:
Studies since 2007 have shown Burundians to have extremely poor levels of
3107:
One of the smallest countries in Africa, Burundi is landlocked and has an
11719:
11521:
11501:
11421:
10461:
10292:
10182:
9206:
Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
7924:
An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996
7177:
International Center for Transitional Justice. Retrieved on 27 July 2008.
7121:"Burundi: Fintech Landscape and Potential In The World's Poorest Country"
4906:. United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. pp. 274–277.
4189:
4139:
Drumming is an important part of the cultural heritage. The world-famous
4046:
4024:
4020:
3618:
2343:
republic based upon a multi-party state. The president of Burundi is the
2087:
1820:
1592:
1348:
549:
534:
8775:
8220:
7610:"Empowerment of people living with HIV/AIDS in Gitega Province, Burundi"
5700:
Lemarchand, (2008). Section "B – Decision-Makers, Organizers and Actors"
3914:
2454:
In April 2009, the government of Burundi changed the law to criminalise
12085:
11963:
11694:
11689:
11583:
11516:
11456:
11446:
11436:
11341:
11167:
10368:
10272:
10237:
10222:
10207:
10162:
10096:
9006:
Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. cp-pc.ca
6736:"Burundi president hunts for coup leaders as he returns to the capital"
4337:
research effort has also risen since 2012, from 0.11% to 0.21% of GDP.
3155:
3151:
2363:'s seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents. Because of the
2131:
1600:
1376:
10445:
7786:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"
6475:. Al Jazeera English (7 November 2012). Retrieved on 24 November 2012.
6381:
Burundi: Release Civilians Detained Without Charge |Human Rights Watch
5606:
What Happened Where: A Guide to Places and Events in Twentieth-Century
2535:(hills). Provincial governments are structured upon these boundaries.
2210:, Belgium, and various other governments to refrain, the ruling party
11976:
11679:
11674:
11619:
11461:
10227:
8716:
5917:"Preventing Genocide in Burundi Lessons from International Diplomacy"
5144:
Bermingham, Eldredge, Dick, Christopher W. and Moritz, Craig (2005).
4933:"Constitution de la République du Burundi promulguée le 07 juin 2018"
4740:(Report) (in French). ISTEEBU. July 2015. p. 105. Archived from
4278:
4050:
3706:
3688:
2939:
2371:
1682:
1402:
1394:, which consisted of modern-day Rwanda and Burundi, became a Belgian
1222:
1000:
402:
273:
9263:
From Bloodshed to Hope in Burundi: Our Embassy Years during Genocide
8570:
Falisse, Jean-Benoit; Masino, Serena; Ngenzebuhoro, Raymond (2018).
7420:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
5116:"Burundi: l'anglais officialisé aux côtés du français et du kirundi"
3906:
3089:
1900:
12191:
Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
11981:
11940:
11821:
11745:
11714:
11709:
11376:
11371:
11331:
11326:
11311:
10327:
10302:
10152:
10147:
10126:
10091:
10076:
9461:
9437:
7583:
7322:"President of Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, 55, Dies of Heart Attack"
6960:"President of Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, 55, Dies of Heart Attack"
4594:"'Not In The Regime's DNA': Authoritarian Burundi's Slow Reopening"
4521:
4262:
4144:
3799:
3609:
3569:
3325:
3275:
3128:
3011:
2987:
2374:
assembly, consisting of the Transitional National Assembly and the
2127:
1767:
1763:
1625:
1554:
1333:
1252:
1244:
984:
916:
880:
11262:
8914:
6674:"Burundi's president returns to divided capital after failed coup"
6054:
The Tragic State of the Congo: From Decolonization to Dictatorship
5881:, 1972, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1973), 49 pp.
4986:
Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft
4831:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Burundi)"
1617:
1491:, robbing Burundi of its most popular and well-known nationalist.
12051:
11957:
11729:
11724:
11699:
11654:
11634:
11624:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11511:
11491:
11476:
11466:
11431:
11356:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11286:
10534:
10513:
10482:
10440:
10312:
10282:
10267:
10252:
10242:
10232:
10197:
10192:
10142:
10111:
10061:
8528:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Burundi
8381:
7926:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 97.
6491:
6487:"Burundi creates reconciliation body that divides public opinion"
6422:
The Frontlines of Peace: An Insider's Guide to Changing the World
5592:
African Studies Quarterly: The online journal for African Studies
5465:
Political Conflict and Ethnic Strategies: A Case Study of Burundi
5437:
Political Conflict and Ethnic Strategies: A Case Study of Burundi
4182:
4156:
4129:
3990:
3889:
3871:
3835:
3817:
3781:
3735:
3380:
3313:
3259:
3166:
is also an important water source, which serves as a fork to the
3120:
2915:
2882:
2777:
2753:
2729:
2600:
2231:
2227:
1666:
1596:
1410:
1405:
as its capital. In practical terms it was considered part of the
1344:
served as an administrative centre for the Ruanda-Urundi region.
1248:
1053:. Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially retained the
439:
330:
286:
10581:
7952:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.
4110:. Due to the expense, meat is eaten only a few times per month.
1819:
took the helm. As the talks progressed, South African President
12171:
Countries and territories where English is an official language
11704:
11684:
11669:
11664:
11598:
11593:
11567:
11496:
11471:
11406:
11401:
11391:
11336:
10337:
10322:
10317:
10257:
10212:
10172:
10066:
10045:
9428:
9231:
Across the Red River: Rwanda, Burundi and the Heart of Darkness
7032:"Burundi president dies of illness suspected to be coronavirus"
6040:
5710:
Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S.; Charny, Israel W. (2004).
4323:
Strategic Plan for Science, Technology, Research and Innovation
4309:
Strategic Plan for Science, Technology, Research and Innovation
4290:
4152:
4148:
4070:
4065:
3853:
3745:
3698:
3622:
3486:
3321:
3317:
3263:
3124:
2834:
2705:
2672:
2648:
2624:
2286:
2045:
1759:
1621:
1380:
1341:
996:
980:
232:
6768:. Al Jazeera English (15 May 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015.
5193:"Finland is the happiest country in the world, says UN report"
4117:, a beer, together from a large container to symbolise unity.
1125:, and English—Kirundi being officially recognised as the sole
1073:
became Burundi's first Hutu president following the country's
11588:
11486:
11481:
11416:
11396:
11381:
11306:
10984:
10508:
10297:
10247:
10202:
10187:
10167:
10157:
10131:
10071:
9564:
9517:
9377:
9260:
8015:
EEAS – European External Action Service – European Commission
6204:
Ndayiragije, Alexandre W. Raffoul and Réginas (11 May 2020).
4099:
3964:
3592:, Burundi is the least globalised of 140 surveyed countries.
3035:
1754:. Under Buyoya's rule, long peace talks started, mediated by
1655:
1535:
1106:
1066:
1015:
342:
133:
61:
11906:
9184:
An African Peace Process: Mandela, South Africa, and Burundi
9060:
9058:
9056:
9054:
9052:
9050:
8061:. Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
7230:"Republic of Burundi: Public Administration Country Profile"
6697:"Burundi general declares coup against President Nkurunziza"
5713:
Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts
3201:
to the northwest (a small region of rainforest, adjacent to
1409:. Burundi, as part of Ruanda-Urundi, continued its kingship
11526:
11451:
11426:
11351:
10307:
10217:
10106:
8904:, Chicago, Illinois: American Library Association. p. 110.
7276:. Syracuse University: Lanham, Maryland. pp. 145–146.
6139:"Tackling the power-sharing dilemma? The role of mediation"
5987:
Global Ceasefire Agreement between Burundi and the CNDD-FDD
4624:"Inside the most brutal dictatorship you've never heard of"
4488:
4470:
4435:
4417:
4162:
4103:
3960:
2247:
1588:
1102:
1011:
336:
9287:
Unlocking Horns: Forgiveness and Reconciliation in Burundi
8776:
Center for the Arts Presents the Royal Drummers of Burundi
7449:
Burundi abolishes the death penalty but bans homosexuality
6820:"OHCHR – Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Burundi"
6645:"Gun clashes rage on in Burundi as radio station attacked"
6237:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6000:. United Nations Security Council. Retrieved 24 July 2008.
5750:
Burundi : de la révolution au régionalisme, 1966–1976
5148:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, p. 146.
4426:
2451:
and called for his "immediate and unconditional release."
1583:
In late April 1972, two events led to the outbreak of the
1225:
of both kingdoms by adding the letter "B" in front of it.
9047:
8931:
8569:
8486:
U.S. Accepting Approximately 10,000 Refugees from Burundi
7782:
7512:"We're Not Done Yet, Hague Court Tells Burundi's Leaders"
7307:
6759:"President 'back in Burundi' after army says coup failed"
4479:
4107:
3081:
1505:
In 1963, King Mwambutsa appointed a Hutu prime minister,
1110:
933:
348:
9190:
The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History
9064:
8415:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
8386:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
7352:"Who is Burundi's new president, Evariste Ndayishimiye?"
7001:"Who is Burundi's new president, Evariste Ndayishimiye?"
6587:"Burundi court backs President Nkurunziza on third-term"
6098:
Ramsbotham, Oliver; Woodhouse, Tom; Miall, Hugh (2011).
1918:
1517:
anti-communist countries were confronting the communist
995:
lies along its southwestern border. The capital city is
10040:
6390:. Hrw.org (29 May 2008). Retrieved on 24 November 2012.
6312:
6310:
6308:
6228:
5462:
5434:
5306:"German East Africa | former German dependency, Africa"
3282:, 56.8% of children under age five suffer from chronic
9390:
Official Website of the Ministry of Justice of Burundi
7382:"Burundi: Free Journalist Detained on Treason Charges"
5888:(Report – Minority Rights Group; no. 20, 1974), 36 pp.
5879:
Passing By;: The United States and Genocide in Burundi
4990:
Donated colonies: Rwanda and Burundi under German rule
2107:. In addition, Burundi, along with Rwanda, joined the
1815:
in 1995; following his death, South African President
1472:
Burundi's push for independence was influenced by the
5806:
5072:
Maurer, Sous la direction de Bruno (1 October 2016).
4497:
4482:
4453:
4429:
4053:
rate is 6.1 children per women, the country's infant
2367:, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000.
1731:, the president of Rwanda, both Hutus, died together
1355:
greatly affected the African Great Lakes region. The
1274:(translated as ruler) headed a princely aristocracy (
9166:
Africa South of the Sahara 2004: South of the Sahara
8900:
Trawicky, Bernard and Gregory, Ruth Wilhelme (2000)
7776:
7510:
Gladstone, Rick; Simons, Marlise (9 November 2017).
6305:
4485:
4476:
4467:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4352:
4181:
is a popular pastime throughout the country, as are
3584:
Bicycles are a popular means of transport in Burundi
3174:, located in much of Burundi's southwestern corner.
1557:, though his one-party government was effectively a
946:
9202:
9113:(3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press.
7968:
Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
6725:. CNN.com (15 May 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015.
6419:Autesserre, Séverine; Gbowee, Leymah (3 May 2021).
5494:. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p.
4691:"Burundi's ruling party wins presidential election"
4473:
4420:
3093:
Hippos at Kibira National Park in northwest Burundi
7964:"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Burundi"
7912:, Pennsylvania: J. B. Lippincott & Co. p. 352.
7886:Lake Victoria: A Case in International Cooperation
6883:
6252:
5808:
4266:Burundian boys are allowed a secondary education.
2439:for the multiple arrests and trials of journalist
1221:region came to rename it and their former capital
1022:. In 1885, it became part of the German colony of
11001:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
9299:Burundi: The Biography of a Small African Country
8599:20.500.11820/461331f7-1c9d-45f2-b778-933e8c1c4735
7090:"Burundi prison fire kills at least 38 in Gitega"
7030:correspondent, Jason Burke Africa (9 June 2020).
6787:, Amnesty International. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
5843:. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2002.
5527:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5055:
5053:
3932:As of October 2021, Burundi was estimated by the
1129:. English was made an official language in 2014.
12147:
9293:Life After Violence: A People's Story of Burundi
9261:Krueger, Robert; Kathleen Tobin Krueger (2007).
9257:(A biography of a Burundian immigrant to the US)
9168:. New York, New York: Taylor and Francis Group.
9000:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
8885:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
8848:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
8760:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
8696:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
8413:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)").
8193:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
8098:World Food Programme. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
8092:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
8074:. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009
7630:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
7612:. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008
7208:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
7171:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
6418:
6358:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
6088:. Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved on 29 June 2008.
6034:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5937:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5603:
5571:. Amnesty International. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
5035:, Central Intelligence Agency, 31 January 2024,
3123:in the centre of Africa. Burundi is bordered by
1561:. As president, Micombero became an advocate of
1077:. His assassination three months later during a
11042:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
8033:
7974:
7915:
7858:
7834:
7509:
6885:"In Tiny Burundi, a Huge Vote (Published 2018)"
5146:Tropical Rainforests: Past, Present, and Future
4273:. There are museums in the cities, such as the
2105:Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries
979:region and Southeast Africa. It is bordered by
11264:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
8982:. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006
8867:. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006
8742:. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006
8348:
8289:(22 December 2012). Retrieved on 4 April 2014.
7990:International Union for Conservation of Nature
7868:. New York City: Sterling Publishing Company.
7190:. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009
7143:
6075:"EU welcomes positive developments in Burundi"
5811:Proxy Targets: Civilians in the War in Burundi
5512:
5138:
5050:
4951:
4192:, an Islamic holiday, to be a public holiday.
2214:, but these were boycotted by the opposition.
1453:Independence Square and monument in Bujumbura.
1413:despite the presence of European authorities.
1293:
11892:
11771:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique
11248:
10597:
10026:
10002:
9477:
8934:. 3 November 2005. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
7906:The Egyptian Sudan: Its History and Monuments
7702:. Presidential Cabinet, Republic of Burundi.
7655:Nouvelles du Burundi – Africa Generation News
7267:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7029:
5951:
5919:. Archived from the original on 11 March 2009
4128:, popularly known as Kidumu (who is based in
3266:(tapioca); beef, milk and hides. Even though
1187:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
661:27,834 km (10,747 sq mi) (
175:
155:
122:
31:
11037:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
10412:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
9265:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
9163:
8830:. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006
8678:. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006
8454:
8452:
8400:
8215:. World Intellectual Property Organization.
7577:
7575:
7473:"Burundi Quits International Criminal Court"
7224:
7222:
7220:
7153:. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009
6847:
6845:
6016:. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008
5792:
5790:
5752:, Le Mât de Misaine, Bruxelles, pp. 211–212.
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
3948:in the world, just behind Somalia, in 2021.
3312:Some of Burundi's natural resources include
1927:introducing citations to additional sources
144:
46:
11812:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie
9209:. New York, New York: Basic Civitas Books.
9203:Gates, Henry Lewis; Anthony Appiah (1999).
8175:. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011
8118:Psychtalk 56, 17–20. Retrieved 8 June 2008.
7764:. Presidential Cabinet, Republic of Burundi
6520:"Burundi: the commission of divided truths"
6511:
6478:
6340:. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009
6203:
5608:. London, England: Routledge. p. 281.
5403:. February 2008. Retrieved on 28 June 2008.
5265:
5263:
2468:
2165:against Al-Shabaab militants. In 2014, the
1888:Learn how and when to remove these messages
12216:Swahili-speaking countries and territories
12211:States and territories established in 1962
11899:
11885:
11766:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie
11255:
11241:
10845:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
10604:
10590:
10033:
10019:
9484:
9470:
8544:
8212:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition
7753:
7691:
7271:
7258:
7118:
6466:Explosion rocks Somali parliament – Africa
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
5463:Weinstein, Warren; Robert Schrere (1976).
5435:Weinstein, Warren; Robert Schrere (1976).
5298:
4120:Notable Burundians include the footballer
2091:View of the capital city Bujumbura in 2006
1727:(Hutu) to the office of president. He and
1691:Since Burundi's independence in 1962, two
1568:
1093:governance and perpetuating the country's
215:
205:
12176:French-speaking countries and territories
12078:
9308:. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press.
9303:
8810:: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 114.
8597:
8587:
8449:
7817:
7729:"Burundi: administrative units, extended"
7648:
7572:
7217:
6842:
6716:Burundi arrests leaders of attempted coup
6687:(15 May 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015.
6517:
6484:
6175:"Jan van Eck – peace mediator in Burundi"
5787:
5487:
5385:
5190:
5110:
5108:
4816:
4666:
4302:
2057:Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
2032:Learn how and when to remove this message
1616:estimated to have fled the killings into
11908:Former German colonies and protectorates
7747:
7458:". Amnesty International. 27 April 2009.
6251:Raffoul, Alexandre W. (1 January 2020).
6206:"Burundi: Power-sharing (Dis)agreements"
5481:
5458:
5456:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5260:
5186:
5184:
5065:
4246:
4161:
4064:
3913:
3905:
3579:
3568:
3303:
3248:Historical development of GDP per capita
3243:
3088:
3080:
2411:
2336:Burundi's political system is that of a
2332:, President of Burundi from 2005 to 2020
2324:
2086:
1917:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1772:
1603:and the rebels declared the short-lived
1448:
1436:
210:
11776:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie
8374:
7685:
6425:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press.
6367:
6250:
6136:
5911:. Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2002.
5703:
4983:
3959:. Roughly 85% of the population are of
2292:In November 2022, in challenges to the
2212:held parliamentary elections on 29 June
1587:. On 27 April 1972, a rebellion led by
1075:first multi-party presidential election
12148:
9182:Bentley, Kristina and Southall, Roger
9085:from the original on 16 September 2021
9044:. Facebook. Retrieved on 4 April 2014.
8944:
8942:
8940:
8734:
8732:
8652:
8650:
8648:
8646:
8627:
8625:
8565:
8563:
8561:
8559:
8021:from the original on 17 September 2017
7921:
7644:
7642:
7466:
7464:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6518:Rugiririz, Ephrem (25 November 2019).
5638:. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
5488:MacDonald, Fiona; et al. (2001).
5164:
5105:
5071:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5009:
4759:
4720:
4718:
4716:
3379:. It is nominally subdivided into 100
3350:and a potential member of the planned
2355:. On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader
1723:In early 1994, the parliament elected
11880:
11236:
10994:Specialised agencies and institutions
10585:
10014:
10001:
9465:
9453:Key Development Forecasts for Burundi
9243:) East African Publishing House, 1973
9131:Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide
8960:from the original on 14 November 2023
8662:Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations
8310:from the original on 26 December 2016
7673:
7661:from the original on 16 February 2023
7560:from the original on 21 November 2017
7530:from the original on 10 November 2017
7470:
7319:
7119:Santosdiaz, Richie (19 August 2022).
6995:
6993:
6957:
6881:
6709:
6043:. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
6011:"Burundi: Basic Education Indicators"
5768:
5669:. University of Massachusetts Amherst
5453:
5423:
5362:
5350:from the original on 2 September 2017
5316:from the original on 2 September 2017
5181:
4965:from the original on 25 February 2019
4652:
4634:from the original on 15 February 2024
4541:
4520:
3390:Monetary policy is controlled by the
2443:for issues related to his reporting.
2250:and other forms of sexual violence."
1258:
12039:
10743:Permanent Representatives' Committee
9491:
8521:
8237:from the original on 22 October 2023
8208:
8153:from the original on 25 October 2016
7709:from the original on 25 October 2016
7491:from the original on 9 November 2017
7392:from the original on 14 January 2012
7362:from the original on 6 December 2022
7100:from the original on 15 January 2022
7011:from the original on 6 December 2022
6863:from the original on 11 October 2017
6830:from the original on 11 October 2017
6499:from the original on 29 October 2021
6485:Nduwimana, Patrick (18 April 2014).
6447:from the original on 4 November 2021
6185:from the original on 19 October 2020
5191:Collinson, Patrick (14 March 2018).
5039:from the original on 22 January 2021
4903:United Nations Development Programme
4845:from the original on 26 October 2023
4769:(in French). ISTEEBU. Archived from
4573:from the original on 10 October 2022
4210:
3910:Men in colourful clothing with drums
3301:rated them the world's least happy.
3145:Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic
2552:
2486:
2103:and Burundi relaunched the regional
1989:
1894:
1853:
1758:. Both parties signed agreements in
1420:, Ruanda-Urundi was classified as a
12201:Member states of the United Nations
11152:Single African Air Transport Market
11147:African Continental Free Trade Area
9378:Official Burundi government website
9127:
9071:. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 496–533.
8937:
8729:
8643:
8622:
8556:
8173:"Burundi: Financial Sector Profile"
7639:
7461:
7246:from the original on 1 October 2008
7131:from the original on 5 October 2022
6946:
6530:from the original on 9 October 2021
6293:from the original on 3 January 2024
6216:from the original on 3 January 2024
6155:from the original on 3 January 2024
6056:. New York, NY: Algora Publishing,
5891:
5763:Burundi 1972: Au bord des génocides
5678:
5647:
5543:from the original on 30 August 2011
5006:
4713:
4701:from the original on 28 August 2023
4604:from the original on 5 January 2024
4269:Burundi has one public university,
3131:to the east and southeast, and the
2219:United Nations Human Rights Council
2167:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2126:for reform of the judicial system.
1827:also lent their respective weight.
1802:
1746:(Tutsi) again took power through a
1595:broke out in the lakeside towns of
1523:Parliamentary elections in May 1965
987:to the east and southeast, and the
13:
12196:Member states of the African Union
9395:Chief of State and Cabinet Members
9285:Nivonzima, David and Fendell, Len
9223:Ewusi, Kale and Akwanga, Ebenezer
9164:Allen, J. A.; et al. (2003).
9150:
7884:Klohn, Wulf and Mihailo Andjelic.
7430:from the original on 8 August 2016
7180:
6990:
6431:10.1093/oso/9780197530351.001.0001
6244:
5604:Cook, Chris; Diccon Bewes (1999).
5581:"Ethnicity and Burundi’s Refugees"
5203:from the original on 14 March 2018
5093:from the original on 10 April 2018
4895:"HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24"
4767:"Quelques données pour le Burundi"
3649:Largest cities or towns in Burundi
3240:List of companies based in Burundi
3141:Central Zambezian miombo woodlands
2370:Burundi's legislative branch is a
2253:
2192:An attempted coup d'état on 13 May
1209:Modern Burundi is named after the
14:
12242:
10611:
9325:
8921:Burundi celebrates Muslim holiday
8509:La langue française dans le monde
8382:"World Population Prospects 2022"
8362:from the original on 21 June 2023
7320:Dahir, Abdi Latif (9 June 2020).
7050:from the original on 12 June 2020
6958:Dahir, Abdi Latif (9 June 2020).
5861:Past genocides, Burundi resources
5716:. Psychology Press. p. 325.
5401:United States Department of State
5126:from the original on 14 July 2021
4992:]. Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag.
4939:from the original on 16 June 2022
4875:from the original on 26 June 2015
4865:"Gini Index, World Bank Estimate"
4653:Féron, Élise (14 November 2023).
4591:
4381:Index of Burundi-related articles
3967:and fewer than 1% are indigenous
1869:This section has multiple issues.
1849:
1830:The peace talks took the form of
1733:when their airplane was shot down
1489:Prince Rwagasore was assassinated
1379:then started a thrust to capture
706:473/km (1,225.1/sq mi) (
613:• Independence from Belgium
12019:
11861:
11860:
11362:Democratic Republic of the Congo
11217:
11216:
11067:African Union–Ethiopia relations
10748:Specialized Technical Committees
10563:
10552:
10551:
10359:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
10336:
10117:Democratic Republic of the Congo
9442:
9332:
9306:Historical Dictionary of Burundi
9111:Historical Dictionary of Burundi
9028:
9009:
8972:
8894:
8857:
8820:
8796:
8769:
8705:
8668:
8502:
8478:
8429:
8322:
8292:
8269:
8202:
8165:
8133:
8121:
8101:
8064:
8045:
8003:
7956:
7940:
7898:
7878:
7721:
7601:
7550:"ICC: New Burundi Investigation"
7542:
7503:
7442:
7404:
7374:
7344:
7332:from the original on 9 June 2020
7313:
6978:from the original on 9 June 2020
6904:from the original on 17 May 2018
6655:from the original on 18 May 2015
6625:from the original on 14 May 2015
6568:from the original on 18 May 2015
6118:from the original on 18 May 2024
6101:Contemporary Conflict Resolution
5947:United States Institute of Peace
5900:(Schenkman Books, 1998), 198 pp.
5730:from the original on 18 May 2024
5177:from the original on 5 May 2006.
4463:
4410:
4391:National Defence Force (Burundi)
4355:
4251:Carolus Magnus School in Burundi
4215:
3944:. Burundi had the tenth highest
3729:
3719:
3692:
3682:
3357:Burundi was ranked 130th in the
3135:to the west. It lies within the
3133:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3119:. The country lies on a rolling
3060:
2491:
2050:African Union Mission to Burundi
1994:
1910:relies largely or entirely on a
1899:
1858:
1324:was called upon to put down the
989:Democratic Republic of the Congo
853:
852:
810:
809:
791:
790:
758:
757:
739:
738:
191:
99:
85:
9101:
8719:, South Africa: Struik, p. 36.
7842:Facts about the World's Nations
7581:
7471:Moore, Jina (27 October 2017).
7290:
7112:
7082:
7023:
6916:
6875:
6812:
6790:
6771:
6752:
6728:
6690:
6667:
6637:
6599:
6580:
6542:
6459:
6412:
6393:
6330:
6327:. (accessed on 29 October 2008)
6197:
6167:
6130:
6091:
6067:
6046:
6003:
5980:
5977:. (accessed on 29 October 2008)
5960:
5874:lists the following resources:
5854:
5841:Encyclopedia of World Geography
5833:
5800:
5755:
5742:
5694:
5672:
5653:
5641:
5622:
5597:
5574:
5555:
5406:
5332:
5272:
5243:
5234:
5225:
5215:
5158:
4977:
4925:
4913:from the original on 1 May 2024
4887:
4857:
4735:Annuaire statistique du Burundi
4507:
4403:
3632:
3594:Bujumbura International Airport
3574:Bujumbura International Airport
3396:Bank of the Republic of Burundi
3115:, the western extension of the
2560:
2420:
2283:large prison fire killed dozens
2082:
1877:or discuss these issues on the
1712:, leader of the Hutu-dominated
1698:United Nations Security Council
1432:
12221:1962 establishments in Burundi
11802:International Francophonie Day
9523:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
9371:at the United Nations Archives
9134:. Cambridge University Press.
8356:"Burundi Cities by Population"
8332:. 5 April 2017. Archived from
8276:Globalisation: Going backwards
7982:African Antelope Database 1998
6734:Laing, Aislinn. (15 May 2015)
5872:Prevent Genocide International
5815:. Human Rights Watch. p.
5807:Longman, Timothy Paul (1998).
4785:
4727:
4683:
4646:
4616:
4585:
4559:
3918:Children in Bujumbura, Burundi
3590:DHL Global Connectedness Index
3137:Albertine Rift montane forests
2416:Embassy of Burundi in Brussels
2236:inhuman or degrading treatment
2172:
1714:Front for Democracy in Burundi
1422:United Nations Trust Territory
1089:(CNDD–FDD), widely accused of
124:"Ubumwe, Ibikorwa, Amajambere"
1:
11199:United States of Latin Africa
10893:Rural Economy and Agriculture
10670:Organisation of African Unity
8740:"Burundi Arts and Literature"
7904:Budge, E. A. Wallace (1907),
6271:10.1080/17449057.2018.1519933
5886:Selective genocide in Burundi
5765:, Paris: L'Harmattan. p. 106)
5282:. 1 July 2015. Archived from
5122:(in French). 29 August 2014.
4668:10.1080/14747731.2023.2282256
4552:
4342:Sustainable Development Goals
4327:Sustainable Development Goals
3308:Fishermen on Lake Tanganyika.
2353:registered parties in Burundi
2314:
2206:, the United States, France,
2055:The mission's mandate, under
1061:replaced the monarchy with a
11056:United States military bases
11052:United States Africa Command
9775:Current provincial governors
9594:Burundian unrest (2015–2018)
9025:. Retrieved on 4 April 2014.
8793:. Retrieved on 20 July 2008.
8499:. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.
7310:. Retrieved on 28 June 2008.
6749:. Retrieved on 29 June 2015.
5898:Genocide: Rwanda and Burundi
5629:United Nations Member States
4869:World Development Indicators
4206:
3974:
3558:
3209:to the northeast (along the
3203:Nyungwe Forest National Park
3076:
2463:International Criminal Court
2461:Burundi officially left the
2179:Burundian unrest (2015–2018)
2138:continued to go unpunished.
1823:and United States President
1781:. Burundi backed the rebels.
1204:
975:at the junction between the
7:
11558:French Community of Belgium
10883:HR, Sciences and Technology
9682:Constitution of the Kingdom
9410:Central Intelligence Agency
9108:
8713:The Art of African Shopping
8127:
8039:
7679:
6882:Moore, Jina (17 May 2018).
6137:Raffoul, Alexandre (2019).
5079:. Archives contemporaines.
5059:
4839:International Monetary Fund
4803:Central Intelligence Agency
4348:
4159:, inanga and the inyagara.
4004:
3364:
3299:World Happiness Report 2018
3262:, sweet potatoes, bananas,
3216:
3111:. Burundi is a part of the
2523:Burundi is divided into 18
2311:(GNI) of $ 270 per capita.
2302:International Monetary Fund
2298:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1467:Union for National Progress
1294:Rule by Germany and Belgium
135:"Muungano, Kazi, Maendeleo"
10:
12247:
11137:African Economic Community
10942:Peace and Security Council
10649:African and Malagasy Union
9448:Wikimedia Atlas of Burundi
9304:Weinstein, Warren (2006).
9241:Sur les traces de mon père
9035:Westwood Bridge to Burundi
8902:Anniversaries and Holidays
8676:"Eating the Burundian Way"
8637:African Press Organization
8576:Health Policy and Planning
8141:"NRI Overall Ranking 2014"
7649:bdiagnews (14 July 2022).
6179:Radio Netherlands Archives
6073:Liang, Yin (4 June 2008).
4254:
4199:
4075:
4060:
4034:
4008:
3978:
3921:
3718:
3681:
3640:
3562:
3404:Current BIF exchange rates
3375:Burundi's currency is the
3368:
3237:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3096:
2472:
2424:
2318:
2217:On 30 September 2016, the
2176:
1572:
1519:People's Republic of China
1310:German East Africa Company
1297:
1262:
1232:
1228:
1046:, this transformed into a
12186:Least developed countries
12161:Central African countries
12071:
12030:
12015:
11992:
11921:
11914:
11856:
11835:
11784:
11758:
11738:
11612:
11576:
11551:National/regional members
11550:
11279:
11270:
11212:
11181:
11160:
11112:
11075:
11062:United States ambassadors
11022:
11013:
10993:
10940:
10914:
10878:Social Affairs and Health
10873:Infrastructure and Energy
10853:
10835:
10807:
10774:
10756:
10733:
10724:
10691:
10619:
10547:
10527:
10496:
10475:
10454:
10433:
10422:
10406:
10390:
10377:
10345:
10334:
10052:
10042:Countries and territories
10008:
10003:Links to related articles
9964:
9862:
9853:
9796:
9787:
9667:
9658:
9611:
9602:
9503:
9281:Burundi: The Tragic Years
9128:Lemarchand, Rene (1996).
9109:Eggers, Ellen K. (2006).
8804:Oral Tradition as History
8209:WIPO (11 November 2023).
8072:"Where We Work – Burundi"
7731:. GeoHive. Archived from
7272:Puddington, Arch (2007).
6809:. Retrieved 10 April 2016
6052:Haskin, Jeanne M. (2005)
5594:. Retrieved 12 July 2008.
5165:Butler, Rhett A. (2006).
5101:– via Google Books.
4543:[buʁundi,byʁyndi]
4275:Burundi Geological Museum
4224:This section needs to be
4141:Royal Drummers of Burundi
4030:
4027:and live in urban areas.
3403:
2900:
2819:
2690:
2585:
2500:This section needs to be
2351:. There are currently 21
2341:representative democratic
2260:constitutional referendum
2003:This section needs to be
1579:Burundian genocide (1993)
1575:Burundian genocide (1972)
1155:least developed countries
1067:genocide of Hutus in 1972
939:
927:
915:
905:
887:
872:
842:
822:
803:
784:
770:
751:
732:
714:
700:
686:
679:
669:
655:
648:
644:
631:
621:
611:
598:
585:
572:
568:
561:
546:
531:
521:
517:
502:
487:
472:
468:
450:
438:
370:
310:
279:
269:
228:
202:
170:
156:
146:"Unité, Travail, Progrès"
145:
134:
123:
115:
81:
23:
11347:Central African Republic
10837:African Court of Justice
10634:Decolonisation of Africa
10102:Central African Republic
9672:Administrative divisions
9255:Strength in What Remains
9040:26 December 2016 at the
9021:26 December 2016 at the
8497:U.S. Department of State
8491:13 February 2008 at the
8146:. World Economic Forum.
8057:23 December 2004 at the
7922:Jessup, John E. (1998).
7866:The Top 10 of Everything
7840:O'Mara, Michael (1999).
6802:17 November 2017 at the
6104:. Polity. pp. 24–.
5748:Manirakiza, Marc (1992)
5665:15 November 2017 at the
5390:Background Note: Burundi
4984:Strizek, Helmut (2006).
4396:
4195:
3625:in Tanzania. There is a
3170:. Another major lake is
2469:Administrative divisions
2240:extrajudicial executions
2230:and detentions, acts of
2150:, with the mediation of
1789:In 2003, FRODEBU leader
1737:Sylvestre Ntibantunganya
1652:overthrew Bagaza in 1987
1585:First Burundian Genocide
1109:, and fewer than 1% are
1095:poor human rights record
999:and the largest city is
11807:Jeux de la Francophonie
11204:East African Federation
11194:United States of Africa
10932:African Investment Bank
9279:Melady, Thomas Patrick
9157:Abdallah, Ahmedou Ould
8828:"Sports and Recreation"
8791:George Mason University
8533:4 December 2017 at the
8465:12 January 2018 at the
8114:25 October 2016 at the
7891:8 December 2008 at the
7848:: H.W. Wilson, p. 150,
7454:10 October 2017 at the
7297:Burundi – World Leaders
6783:15 January 2018 at the
6741:30 January 2018 at the
6679:20 October 2017 at the
6364:. Amnesty International
6210:50 Shades of Federalism
6080:25 January 2017 at the
5967:Country profile Burundi
5903:Christian P. Scherrer,
5395:22 January 2022 at the
5344:Encyclopedia Britannica
5310:Encyclopædia Britannica
4283:Burundi National Museum
3963:ethnic origin, 15% are
3924:Demographics of Burundi
3359:Global Innovation Index
3352:East African Federation
3346:Burundi is part of the
3255:Subsistence agriculture
2427:Human rights in Burundi
2285:in the capital city of
2244:enforced disappearances
2224:human rights violations
2136:crimes against humanity
2097:economic reconstruction
1569:Civil war and genocides
1536:1972 Burundian Genocide
1496:constitutional monarchy
1407:Belgian colonial empire
1363:colonial forces of the
1134:subsistence agriculture
1105:ethnic origin, 15% are
456:Unitary dominant-party
157:"Union, Work, Progress"
12166:East African countries
11797:UN French Language Day
11630:Bosnia and Herzegovina
10915:Financial institutions
10906:Cross-Cutting Programs
10809:Pan-African Parliament
9188:Chrétien, Jean-Pierre
8514:5 January 2023 at the
7584:"Provinces of Burundi"
7302:13 August 2011 at the
6405:19 August 2017 at the
6323:30 August 2011 at the
5973:7 October 2011 at the
5634:1 October 2014 at the
5586:5 January 2009 at the
4538:
4530:
4522:[u.βu.ɾǔː.ndi]
4517:
4303:Science and technology
4287:Burundi Museum of Life
4252:
4167:
4073:
3938:population growth rate
3919:
3911:
3585:
3577:
3348:East African Community
3309:
3295:satisfaction with life
3249:
3094:
3086:
2449:prisoner of conscience
2431:LGBT rights in Burundi
2417:
2333:
2109:East African Community
2092:
1782:
1485:Prince Louis Rwagasore
1454:
1446:
1195:East African Community
1179:World Happiness Report
1157:. It faces widespread
1151:nominal GDP per capita
743:$ 11.551 billion (
176:
62:
47:
32:
16:Country in East Africa
11507:São Tomé and Príncipe
11367:Republic of the Congo
10955:African Standby Force
10927:African Monetary Fund
10263:São Tomé and Príncipe
10122:Republic of the Congo
9457:International Futures
9420:UCB Libraries GovPubs
9383:20 April 2018 at the
9367:8 August 2023 at the
9237:My Father's Footsteps
8980:"Learning in Burundi"
8802:Vansina, Jan (1985).
8789:. 14 September 2006.
8589:10.1093/heapol/czy002
8417:, Population Division
8388:, Population Division
7864:Ash, Russell (2006).
7802:10.1093/biosci/bix014
5896:Edward L. Nyankanzi,
5866:25 March 2017 at the
4630:. 10 September 2019.
4539:République du Burundi
4518:Repuburika y’Uburundi
4271:University of Burundi
4250:
4202:Mass media in Burundi
4165:
4068:
3917:
3909:
3583:
3576:terminal in Bujumbura
3572:
3307:
3247:
3092:
3084:
2445:Amnesty International
2441:Jean-Claude Kavumbagu
2415:
2395:Evariste Ndayishimiye
2328:
2309:Gross National Income
2272:Evariste Ndayishimiye
2265:2020 general election
2198:Despite calls by the
2123:Amnesty International
2090:
1809:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
1776:
1573:Further information:
1559:military dictatorship
1545:and his teenage son,
1452:
1440:
1353:East African Campaign
1318:Sultanate of Zanzibar
1081:provoked the 12-year
795:$ 3.190 billion (
671:• Water (%)
563:Establishment history
482:Évariste Ndayishimiye
458:presidential republic
48:République du Burundi
33:Repuburika y’Uburundi
12181:Landlocked countries
11604:United Arab Emirates
10922:African Central Bank
9801:Bank of the Republic
9726:Council of Ministers
9561:Burundian genocides
9229:Jennings, Christian
8926:17 June 2017 at the
8711:Levin, Adam (2005).
8442:8 April 2017 at the
8281:29 June 2017 at the
8011:"Burundi and the EU"
7188:"Burundi – Politics"
6702:11 July 2018 at the
6592:20 June 2018 at the
5996:. 20 November 2003.
5992:14 June 2008 at the
5914:Weissman, Stephen R.
5567:26 June 2008 at the
5539:. 25 February 2010.
4961:. 13 February 2019.
4257:Education in Burundi
4179:Association football
3981:Languages of Burundi
3946:total fertility rate
3928:Languages of Burundi
3565:Transport in Burundi
3333:World Economic Forum
3280:World Food Programme
3207:Ruvubu National Park
3199:Kibira National Park
3099:Geography of Burundi
2475:Provinces of Burundi
2281:In December 2021, a
1923:improve this article
1777:Belligerents of the
1670:killings of Tutsis.
1633:Jean-Baptiste Bagaza
1457:On 20 January 1959,
1390:On 20 October 1924,
1385:Treaty of Versailles
1199:Non-Aligned Movement
1153:, and is one of the
688:• 2023 estimate
635:Current constitution
12226:Countries in Africa
12128: /
11843:Francophone economy
10519:Plazas de soberanía
10423:African territories
10363:unclear sovereignty
10348:States with limited
9582:Burundian Civil War
8639:. 30 November 2015.
8539:Pew Research Center
8495:. 17 October 2006.
8460:The Blood Cries Out
8330:"Travel to Burundi"
8221:10.34667/tind.46596
7556:. 9 November 2017.
7096:. 7 December 2021.
6797:"We feel forgotten"
6764:5 June 2017 at the
6721:16 May 2017 at the
6471:6 June 2017 at the
6386:2 June 2008 at the
5781:9 June 2007 at the
5688:18 May 2024 at the
5660:Burundi (1993–2006)
5533:"Timeline: Burundi"
4841:. 10 October 2023.
4567:"National Profiles"
4531:Jamuhuri ya Burundi
4386:Wildlife of Burundi
4261:In 2012, the adult
4166:Football in Burundi
4126:Jean-Pierre Nimbona
4043:Global Hunger Index
4011:Religion in Burundi
3385:Belgian Congo franc
3268:subsistence farming
3223:Wildlife of Burundi
2558:
2483:Collines of Burundi
2479:Communes of Burundi
2376:Transitional Senate
2321:Politics of Burundi
2121:The 2007 report of
1729:Juvénal Habyarimana
1718:Burundian Civil War
1507:Pierre Ngendandumwe
1336:(formerly known as
1083:Burundian Civil War
977:African Great Lakes
965:Republic of Burundi
512:Gervais Ndirakobuca
362:~2,000 South Asians
250: /
25:Republic of Burundi
11848:Senghor University
11645:Dominican Republic
11173:African Border Day
10888:Trade and Industry
10863:Peace and Security
10855:ECOSOCC Committees
10789:Deputy Chairperson
10427:non-African states
9826:Telecommunications
9550:Colonial residents
9540:German East Africa
9528:Kingdom of Burundi
9405:The World Factbook
8865:"Burundi Holidays"
8808:Madison, Wisconsin
8781:3 May 2017 at the
8484:Kaufman, Stephen.
8304:www.bus-planet.com
8300:"Buses in Burundi"
8107:White, A. (2007).
8052:Burundi Population
7986:Gland, Switzerland
7980:East, Rob (1999).
7755:Nkurunziza, Pierre
7693:Nkurunziza, Pierre
7554:Human Rights Watch
7516:The New York Times
7477:The New York Times
7386:Human Rights Watch
7326:The New York Times
7239:: 5–7. July 2004.
7074:has generic name (
6964:The New York Times
6890:The New York Times
5870:on the website of
5340:"Gitega | Burundi"
5033:The World Factbook
4871:. The World Bank.
4798:The World Factbook
4376:Culture of Burundi
4371:Outline of Burundi
4253:
4168:
4082:Tourism in Burundi
4078:Culture of Burundi
4074:
3987:official languages
3957:Sub-Saharan Africa
3920:
3912:
3602:Ethiopian Airlines
3586:
3578:
3310:
3250:
3234:Economy of Burundi
3109:equatorial climate
3103:Climate of Burundi
3095:
3087:
2557:
2437:Human Rights Watch
2418:
2349:head of government
2334:
2163:mission to Somalia
2093:
1832:Track I mediations
1791:Domitien Ndayizeye
1783:
1725:Cyprien Ntaryamira
1609:Ntare V of Burundi
1474:Rwandan Revolution
1462:Mwami Mwambutsa IV
1455:
1447:
1443:Kingdom of Burundi
1369:coordinated attack
1330:German East Africa
1300:German East Africa
1265:Kingdom of Burundi
1259:Kingdom of Burundi
1235:History of Burundi
1115:official languages
1024:German East Africa
969:landlocked country
780:2023 estimate
728:2023 estimate
589:German East Africa
497:Prosper Bazombanza
414:traditional faiths
312:Ethnic groups
280:Official languages
221:Show map of Africa
63:Jamhuri ya Burundi
12231:Former monarchies
12111:
12110:
12105:
12104:
12101:
12100:
12067:
12066:
12013:
12012:
11948:South West Africa
11874:
11873:
11754:
11753:
11739:Suspended members
11577:Associate members
11387:Equatorial Guinea
11230:
11229:
11108:
11107:
11032:Foreign relations
11009:
11008:
10960:Panel of the Wise
10868:Political Affairs
10738:Executive Council
10681:Secretary General
10659:Sirte Declaration
10579:
10578:
10543:
10542:
10418:
10417:
10138:Equatorial Guinea
9995:
9994:
9960:
9959:
9917:Human trafficking
9849:
9848:
9783:
9782:
9748:Political parties
9741:National Assembly
9694:Foreign relations
9654:
9653:
9587:1993 coup attempt
9555:Ruzagayura famine
9272:978-0-292-71486-1
9248:Entre deux mondes
9141:978-0-521-56623-0
9078:978-92-3-100450-6
9016:Bridge To Burundi
8787:The Mason Gazette
8725:978-1-77007-070-7
7757:(26 March 2015).
7695:(26 March 2015).
7356:www.aljazeera.com
7283:978-0-7425-5897-7
7125:The Fintech Times
7005:www.aljazeera.com
6928:www.xinhuanet.com
6440:978-0-19-753035-1
6181:. 7 August 2000.
6111:978-0-7456-4974-0
5892:Lemarchand (1996)
5884:René Lemarchand,
5826:978-1-56432-179-4
5723:978-0-415-94430-4
5679:Lemarchand (1996)
5648:Lemarchand (1996)
5491:Peoples of Africa
5255:978-1-890951-34-4
4801:(2024 ed.).
4321:The focus of the
4245:
4244:
4037:Health in Burundi
3903:
3902:
3598:Brussels Airlines
3556:
3555:
3117:East African Rift
3070:
3069:
3053:
3052:
2578:Density (per km)
2521:
2520:
2447:(AI) named him a
2388:Pierre Nkurunziza
2361:National Assembly
2330:Pierre Nkurunziza
2294:COVID-19 pandemic
2228:arbitrary arrests
2185:Pierre Nkurunziza
2042:
2041:
2034:
2024:
2023:
1988:
1987:
1973:
1892:
1797:Pierre Nkurunziza
1635:, a Tutsi, led a
1605:Martyazo Republic
1563:African socialism
1543:coup in July 1966
1427:political parties
1399:mandate territory
1396:League of Nations
1127:national language
1036:League of Nations
973:Great Rift Valley
963:, officially the
958:
957:
836:medium inequality
805:• Per capita
753:• Per capita
576:Kingdom of Urundi
556:National Assembly
196:
12238:
12143:
12142:
12140:
12139:
12138:
12133:
12132:3.500°S 30.000°E
12129:
12126:
12125:
12124:
12121:
12094:
12076:
12075:
12037:
12036:
12023:
11972:Kapitaï and Koba
11966:
11919:
11918:
11901:
11894:
11887:
11878:
11877:
11864:
11863:
11277:
11276:
11257:
11250:
11243:
11234:
11233:
11220:
11219:
11132:Development Bank
11020:
11019:
10902:Women and Gender
10898:Economic Affairs
10827:Gallagher Estate
10731:
10730:
10639:Casablanca Group
10606:
10599:
10592:
10583:
10582:
10567:
10555:
10554:
10431:
10430:
10388:
10387:
10340:
10134:(partly in Asia)
10054:Sovereign states
10035:
10028:
10021:
10012:
10011:
9999:
9998:
9980:
9973:
9860:
9859:
9809:
9794:
9793:
9665:
9664:
9609:
9608:
9577:Second Congo War
9486:
9479:
9472:
9463:
9462:
9446:
9445:
9376:
9336:
9335:
9319:
9276:
9220:
9179:
9145:
9124:
9095:
9094:
9092:
9090:
9062:
9045:
9032:
9026:
9013:
9007:
9005:
8999:
8991:
8989:
8987:
8976:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8965:
8946:
8935:
8918:
8912:
8898:
8892:
8890:
8884:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8861:
8855:
8853:
8847:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8824:
8818:
8800:
8794:
8773:
8767:
8765:
8759:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8736:
8727:
8709:
8703:
8701:
8695:
8687:
8685:
8683:
8672:
8666:
8665:
8654:
8641:
8640:
8629:
8620:
8619:
8601:
8591:
8567:
8554:
8548:
8542:
8525:
8519:
8506:
8500:
8482:
8476:
8458:Jillian Keenan,
8456:
8447:
8433:
8427:
8426:
8424:
8422:
8412:
8404:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8393:
8378:
8372:
8371:
8369:
8367:
8352:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8341:
8326:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8315:
8296:
8290:
8273:
8267:
8266:
8260:
8256:
8254:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8206:
8200:
8198:
8192:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8169:
8163:
8162:
8160:
8158:
8152:
8145:
8137:
8131:
8125:
8119:
8105:
8099:
8097:
8091:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8068:
8062:
8049:
8043:
8037:
8031:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8007:
8001:
7978:
7972:
7971:
7960:
7954:
7953:
7944:
7938:
7937:
7919:
7913:
7902:
7896:
7882:
7876:
7862:
7856:
7838:
7832:
7831:
7821:
7780:
7774:
7773:
7771:
7769:
7763:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7725:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7714:
7708:
7701:
7689:
7683:
7677:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7666:
7646:
7637:
7635:
7629:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7605:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7579:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7507:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7468:
7459:
7446:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7429:
7416:
7408:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7388:. 20 July 2010.
7378:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7317:
7311:
7294:
7288:
7287:
7269:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7245:
7234:
7226:
7215:
7213:
7207:
7199:
7197:
7195:
7184:
7178:
7176:
7170:
7162:
7160:
7158:
7147:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7136:
7116:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7105:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7073:
7069:
7067:
7059:
7057:
7055:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7016:
6997:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6955:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6930:. Archived from
6920:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6887:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6849:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6835:
6816:
6810:
6794:
6788:
6778:"Burundi 2015/6"
6775:
6769:
6756:
6750:
6732:
6726:
6713:
6707:
6694:
6688:
6671:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6660:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6630:
6603:
6597:
6584:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6550:"Après moi, moi"
6546:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6535:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6504:
6482:
6476:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6416:
6410:
6397:
6391:
6378:
6365:
6363:
6357:
6349:
6347:
6345:
6334:
6328:
6317:Timeline Burundi
6314:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6256:
6248:
6242:
6239:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6221:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6171:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6154:
6143:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6095:
6089:
6071:
6065:
6050:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6015:
6007:
6001:
5984:
5978:
5964:
5958:
5955:
5949:
5942:
5936:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5858:
5852:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5814:
5804:
5798:
5794:
5785:
5774:White, Matthew.
5772:
5766:
5759:
5753:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5707:
5701:
5698:
5692:
5676:
5670:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5601:
5595:
5578:
5572:
5562:Timeline: Rwanda
5559:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5529:
5510:
5509:
5485:
5479:
5478:
5460:
5451:
5450:
5432:
5421:
5410:
5404:
5387:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5323:
5321:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5258:
5247:
5241:
5238:
5232:
5229:
5223:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5188:
5179:
5178:
5162:
5156:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5112:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5025:
5004:
5003:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4912:
4899:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4827:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4746:
4739:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4670:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4563:
4546:
4545:
4524:
4511:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4407:
4365:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4240:
4237:
4231:
4219:
4218:
4211:
4086:Music of Burundi
3733:
3723:
3712:Bujumbura Mairie
3696:
3686:
3650:
3638:
3637:
3401:
3400:
3205:in Rwanda), and
3188:public ownership
3160:Ruvyironza River
3064:
2935:Bujumbura Mairie
2822:Southern Burundi
2693:Northern Burundi
2559:
2556:
2553:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2393:On 20 May 2020,
2270:On 20 May 2020,
2037:
2030:
2019:
2016:
2010:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1931:
1903:
1895:
1884:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1803:Peace agreements
1779:Second Congo War
1710:Melchior Ndadaye
1613:Michel Micombero
1532:Michel Micombero
1479:Burundi's first
1418:Second World War
1375:and the British
1326:Abushiri revolts
1171:authoritarianism
1071:Melchior Ndadaye
1069:. In July 1993,
1044:Second World War
1032:Germany's defeat
953:
950:
948:
896:
863:
862:
856:
855:
849:
838:
837:
829:
813:
812:
794:
793:
777:
761:
760:
742:
741:
725:
692:13,162,952 (
627:28 November 1966
623:• Republic
363:
358:~3,000 Europeans
318:
265:
264:
262:
261:
260:
255:
254:3.500°S 30.000°E
251:
248:
247:
246:
243:
222:
219:
212:
209:
198:
197:
187:
183:
163:
159:
158:
152:
148:
147:
141:
137:
136:
130:
126:
125:
103:
89:
73:
65:
58:
50:
43:
35:
21:
20:
12246:
12245:
12241:
12240:
12239:
12237:
12236:
12235:
12146:
12145:
12136:
12134:
12130:
12127:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12115:
12114:
12112:
12107:
12106:
12097:
12088:
12063:
12026:
12009:
11988:
11962:
11936:Kionga Triangle
11910:
11905:
11875:
11870:
11852:
11831:
11792:French language
11780:
11750:
11734:
11608:
11572:
11546:
11442:North Macedonia
11266:
11261:
11231:
11226:
11208:
11177:
11156:
11104:
11071:
11005:
10989:
10936:
10910:
10849:
10831:
10803:
10770:
10752:
10720:
10687:
10615:
10610:
10580:
10575:
10539:
10523:
10492:
10471:
10467:Pelagie Islands
10450:
10426:
10424:
10414:
10402:
10384:
10381:
10373:
10352:
10349:
10341:
10332:
10048:
10039:
10004:
9996:
9991:
9983:
9976:
9969:
9956:
9947:Public holidays
9845:
9807:
9779:
9716:Law enforcement
9650:
9598:
9499:
9490:
9443:
9385:Wayback Machine
9374:
9369:Wayback Machine
9357:
9356:
9355:
9337:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9316:
9273:
9253:Kidder, Tracy,
9246:Kayoya, Michel
9235:Kayoya, Michel
9217:
9195:Daley, Patricia
9176:
9153:
9151:Further reading
9148:
9142:
9121:
9104:
9099:
9098:
9088:
9086:
9079:
9063:
9048:
9042:Wayback Machine
9033:
9029:
9023:Wayback Machine
9014:
9010:
8993:
8992:
8985:
8983:
8978:
8977:
8973:
8963:
8961:
8948:
8947:
8938:
8928:Wayback Machine
8919:
8915:
8899:
8895:
8878:
8877:
8870:
8868:
8863:
8862:
8858:
8841:
8840:
8833:
8831:
8826:
8825:
8821:
8801:
8797:
8783:Wayback Machine
8774:
8770:
8753:
8752:
8745:
8743:
8738:
8737:
8730:
8710:
8706:
8689:
8688:
8681:
8679:
8674:
8673:
8669:
8656:
8655:
8644:
8631:
8630:
8623:
8568:
8557:
8549:
8545:
8535:Wayback Machine
8526:
8522:
8516:Wayback Machine
8507:
8503:
8493:Wayback Machine
8483:
8479:
8467:Wayback Machine
8457:
8450:
8444:Wayback Machine
8434:
8430:
8420:
8418:
8410:
8406:
8405:
8401:
8391:
8389:
8380:
8379:
8375:
8365:
8363:
8354:
8353:
8349:
8339:
8337:
8336:on 5 April 2017
8328:
8327:
8323:
8313:
8311:
8298:
8297:
8293:
8283:Wayback Machine
8274:
8270:
8258:
8257:
8248:
8247:
8240:
8238:
8231:
8207:
8203:
8186:
8185:
8178:
8176:
8171:
8170:
8166:
8156:
8154:
8150:
8143:
8139:
8138:
8134:
8126:
8122:
8116:Wayback Machine
8106:
8102:
8085:
8084:
8077:
8075:
8070:
8069:
8065:
8059:Wayback Machine
8050:
8046:
8038:
8034:
8024:
8022:
8009:
8008:
8004:
7979:
7975:
7962:
7961:
7957:
7946:
7945:
7941:
7934:
7920:
7916:
7903:
7899:
7893:Wayback Machine
7883:
7879:
7863:
7859:
7846:Bronx, New York
7839:
7835:
7781:
7777:
7767:
7765:
7761:
7752:
7748:
7738:
7736:
7735:on 14 July 2015
7727:
7726:
7722:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7699:
7690:
7686:
7678:
7674:
7664:
7662:
7647:
7640:
7623:
7622:
7615:
7613:
7608:
7607:Kavamahanga, D.
7606:
7602:
7592:
7590:
7580:
7573:
7563:
7561:
7548:
7547:
7543:
7533:
7531:
7508:
7504:
7494:
7492:
7469:
7462:
7456:Wayback Machine
7447:
7443:
7433:
7431:
7427:
7423:. 17 May 2016.
7414:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7395:
7393:
7380:
7379:
7375:
7365:
7363:
7350:
7349:
7345:
7335:
7333:
7318:
7314:
7304:Wayback Machine
7295:
7291:
7284:
7270:
7259:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7232:
7228:
7227:
7218:
7201:
7200:
7193:
7191:
7186:
7185:
7181:
7164:
7163:
7156:
7154:
7149:
7148:
7144:
7134:
7132:
7117:
7113:
7103:
7101:
7088:
7087:
7083:
7071:
7070:
7061:
7060:
7053:
7051:
7028:
7024:
7014:
7012:
6999:
6998:
6991:
6981:
6979:
6956:
6947:
6937:
6935:
6922:
6921:
6917:
6907:
6905:
6880:
6876:
6866:
6864:
6851:
6850:
6843:
6833:
6831:
6818:
6817:
6813:
6804:Wayback Machine
6795:
6791:
6785:Wayback Machine
6776:
6772:
6766:Wayback Machine
6757:
6753:
6747:Daily Telegraph
6743:Wayback Machine
6733:
6729:
6723:Wayback Machine
6714:
6710:
6704:Wayback Machine
6695:
6691:
6681:Wayback Machine
6672:
6668:
6658:
6656:
6651:. 14 May 2015.
6643:
6642:
6638:
6628:
6626:
6613:. 13 May 2015.
6607:"Mind the coup"
6605:
6604:
6600:
6594:Wayback Machine
6585:
6581:
6571:
6569:
6548:
6547:
6543:
6533:
6531:
6524:JusticeInfo.net
6516:
6512:
6502:
6500:
6483:
6479:
6473:Wayback Machine
6464:
6460:
6450:
6448:
6441:
6417:
6413:
6407:Wayback Machine
6398:
6394:
6388:Wayback Machine
6379:
6368:
6351:
6350:
6343:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6325:Wayback Machine
6315:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6249:
6245:
6240:
6229:
6219:
6217:
6202:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6173:
6172:
6168:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6141:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6112:
6096:
6092:
6082:Wayback Machine
6072:
6068:
6051:
6047:
6027:
6026:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6004:
5994:Wayback Machine
5985:
5981:
5975:Wayback Machine
5965:
5961:
5956:
5952:
5930:
5929:
5922:
5920:
5915:
5877:Michael Bowen,
5868:Wayback Machine
5859:
5855:
5839:Hagget, Peter.
5838:
5834:
5827:
5805:
5801:
5795:
5788:
5783:Wayback Machine
5773:
5769:
5760:
5756:
5747:
5743:
5733:
5731:
5724:
5708:
5704:
5699:
5695:
5690:Wayback Machine
5677:
5673:
5667:Wayback Machine
5658:
5654:
5646:
5642:
5636:Wayback Machine
5627:
5623:
5616:
5602:
5598:
5588:Wayback Machine
5579:
5575:
5569:Wayback Machine
5560:
5556:
5546:
5544:
5531:
5530:
5513:
5506:
5486:
5482:
5475:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5433:
5424:
5411:
5407:
5397:Wayback Machine
5388:
5363:
5353:
5351:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5319:
5317:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5289:
5287:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5261:
5248:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5216:
5206:
5204:
5189:
5182:
5163:
5159:
5143:
5139:
5129:
5127:
5114:
5113:
5106:
5096:
5094:
5087:
5070:
5066:
5058:
5051:
5042:
5040:
5027:
5026:
5007:
5000:
4982:
4978:
4968:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4942:
4940:
4935:. 3 July 2018.
4931:
4930:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4878:
4876:
4863:
4862:
4858:
4848:
4846:
4829:
4828:
4817:
4807:
4805:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4776:
4774:
4773:on 28 July 2017
4765:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4714:
4704:
4702:
4697:. 26 May 2020.
4689:
4688:
4684:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4607:
4605:
4592:Douet, Marion.
4590:
4586:
4576:
4574:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4512:
4508:
4499:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4444:
4443:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4399:
4361:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4305:
4259:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4229:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4204:
4198:
4088:
4076:Main articles:
4063:
4039:
4033:
4013:
4007:
3989:of Burundi are
3983:
3977:
3930:
3922:Main articles:
3904:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3635:
3567:
3561:
3377:Burundian franc
3373:
3371:Burundian franc
3367:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3182:reported to be
3172:Lake Tanganyika
3105:
3097:Main articles:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3055:
2959:Bujumbura Rural
2903:Western Burundi
2588:Eastern Burundi
2574:
2569:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2473:Main articles:
2471:
2433:
2423:
2323:
2317:
2276:Pascal Nyabenda
2263:elected in the
2256:
2254:2018 to present
2181:
2175:
2152:Charles Nqakula
2085:
2038:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2008:
1999:
1995:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1932:
1930:
1916:
1904:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1805:
1706:
1679:Adrien Sibomana
1641:one-party state
1591:members of the
1581:
1571:
1435:
1349:First World War
1308:From 1884, the
1306:
1298:Main articles:
1296:
1267:
1261:
1241:
1233:Main articles:
1231:
1207:
1197:(EAC), and the
1117:of Burundi are
1051:Trust Territory
1028:First World War
993:Lake Tanganyika
954:
945:
944:
891:
877:Burundian franc
860:
859:
858:
847:
835:
834:
833:
827:
806:
787:
775:
754:
735:
719:
703:
689:
672:
658:
637:
624:
614:
604:
600:• Part of
591:
587:• Part of
578:
552:
537:
508:
493:
478:
434:
409:
374:
366:
361:
355:
320:
316:
306:
258:
256:
252:
249:
244:
241:
239:
237:
236:
235:
224:
223:
220:
213:
192:
190:
188:
185:
166:
161:
150:
139:
128:
111:
110:
109:
104:
96:
95:
90:
77:
76:
67:
52:
37:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12244:
12234:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12137:-3.500; 30.000
12109:
12108:
12103:
12102:
12099:
12098:
12096:
12095:
12082:
12080:
12073:
12069:
12068:
12065:
12064:
12062:
12061:
12056:
12055:
12054:
12047:Kiautschou Bay
12043:
12041:
12034:
12028:
12027:
12025:
12024:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12010:
12008:
12007:
12002:
11996:
11994:
11990:
11989:
11987:
11986:
11985:
11984:
11979:
11974:
11969:
11968:
11967:
11950:
11945:
11944:
11943:
11938:
11927:
11925:
11916:
11912:
11911:
11904:
11903:
11896:
11889:
11881:
11872:
11871:
11869:
11868:
11857:
11854:
11853:
11851:
11850:
11845:
11839:
11837:
11833:
11832:
11830:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11788:
11786:
11782:
11781:
11779:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11762:
11760:
11756:
11755:
11752:
11751:
11749:
11748:
11742:
11740:
11736:
11735:
11733:
11732:
11727:
11722:
11717:
11712:
11707:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11662:
11657:
11652:
11647:
11642:
11640:Czech Republic
11637:
11632:
11627:
11622:
11616:
11614:
11610:
11609:
11607:
11606:
11601:
11596:
11591:
11586:
11580:
11578:
11574:
11573:
11571:
11570:
11565:
11560:
11554:
11552:
11548:
11547:
11545:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11474:
11469:
11464:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11439:
11434:
11429:
11424:
11419:
11414:
11409:
11404:
11399:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11364:
11359:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11299:
11294:
11289:
11283:
11281:
11274:
11268:
11267:
11260:
11259:
11252:
11245:
11237:
11228:
11227:
11225:
11224:
11213:
11210:
11209:
11207:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11185:
11183:
11179:
11178:
11176:
11175:
11170:
11164:
11162:
11158:
11157:
11155:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11118:
11116:
11110:
11109:
11106:
11105:
11103:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11087:
11081:
11079:
11073:
11072:
11070:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11049:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11029:
11023:
11017:
11011:
11010:
11007:
11006:
11004:
11003:
10997:
10995:
10991:
10990:
10988:
10987:
10982:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10946:
10944:
10938:
10937:
10935:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10918:
10916:
10912:
10911:
10909:
10908:
10903:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10859:
10857:
10851:
10850:
10848:
10847:
10841:
10839:
10833:
10832:
10830:
10829:
10824:
10819:
10813:
10811:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10780:
10778:
10772:
10771:
10769:
10768:
10762:
10760:
10754:
10753:
10751:
10750:
10745:
10740:
10734:
10728:
10722:
10721:
10719:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10706:Extreme points
10703:
10697:
10695:
10689:
10688:
10686:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10678:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10644:Monrovia Group
10641:
10636:
10631:
10629:Pan-Africanism
10625:
10623:
10617:
10616:
10609:
10608:
10601:
10594:
10586:
10577:
10576:
10574:
10573:
10561:
10548:
10545:
10544:
10541:
10540:
10538:
10537:
10531:
10529:
10525:
10524:
10522:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10506:
10504:Canary Islands
10500:
10498:
10494:
10493:
10491:
10490:
10488:Savage Islands
10485:
10479:
10477:
10473:
10472:
10470:
10469:
10464:
10458:
10456:
10452:
10451:
10449:
10448:
10443:
10437:
10435:
10428:
10420:
10419:
10416:
10415:
10410:
10408:
10407:United Kingdom
10404:
10403:
10401:
10400:
10394:
10392:
10385:
10378:
10375:
10374:
10372:
10371:
10366:
10355:
10353:
10346:
10343:
10342:
10335:
10333:
10331:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10058:
10056:
10050:
10049:
10038:
10037:
10030:
10023:
10015:
10009:
10006:
10005:
9993:
9992:
9990:
9989:
9982:
9981:
9974:
9966:
9965:
9962:
9961:
9958:
9957:
9955:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9877:Communications
9874:
9872:Child marriage
9869:
9863:
9857:
9851:
9850:
9847:
9846:
9844:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9812:
9811:
9797:
9791:
9785:
9784:
9781:
9780:
9778:
9777:
9772:
9770:Prime Minister
9767:
9765:Vice-President
9762:
9761:
9760:
9750:
9745:
9744:
9743:
9738:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9707:
9706:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9685:
9684:
9674:
9668:
9662:
9656:
9655:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9618:
9612:
9606:
9600:
9599:
9597:
9596:
9591:
9590:
9589:
9579:
9574:
9573:
9572:
9567:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9542:
9537:
9536:
9535:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9509:
9507:
9501:
9500:
9489:
9488:
9481:
9474:
9466:
9460:
9459:
9450:
9440:
9431:
9422:
9413:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9372:
9338:
9331:
9330:
9329:
9327:
9326:External links
9324:
9322:
9321:
9314:
9301:
9295:
9289:
9283:
9277:
9271:
9258:
9251:
9244:
9233:
9227:
9221:
9215:
9200:
9192:
9186:
9180:
9174:
9161:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9146:
9140:
9125:
9119:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9097:
9096:
9077:
9046:
9027:
9008:
8971:
8954:idea.usaid.gov
8936:
8913:
8893:
8856:
8819:
8795:
8768:
8728:
8704:
8667:
8642:
8621:
8582:(4): 483–493.
8555:
8543:
8520:
8501:
8477:
8472:Foreign Policy
8448:
8428:
8399:
8373:
8347:
8321:
8291:
8268:
8259:|website=
8229:
8201:
8164:
8132:
8120:
8100:
8063:
8044:
8032:
8002:
7973:
7955:
7939:
7932:
7914:
7897:
7877:
7857:
7833:
7796:(6): 534–545.
7775:
7746:
7720:
7684:
7672:
7638:
7600:
7582:Law, Gwillim.
7571:
7541:
7502:
7460:
7441:
7403:
7373:
7343:
7312:
7289:
7282:
7257:
7216:
7179:
7142:
7111:
7081:
7022:
6989:
6945:
6934:on 22 May 2018
6915:
6874:
6841:
6811:
6789:
6770:
6751:
6727:
6708:
6689:
6666:
6636:
6598:
6579:
6556:. 2 May 2015.
6541:
6510:
6477:
6458:
6439:
6411:
6392:
6366:
6329:
6304:
6243:
6227:
6196:
6166:
6129:
6110:
6090:
6066:
6045:
6002:
5979:
5959:
5950:
5945:
5944:
5912:
5907:; foreword by
5901:
5894:
5889:
5882:
5853:
5832:
5825:
5799:
5786:
5767:
5754:
5741:
5722:
5702:
5693:
5671:
5652:
5640:
5621:
5614:
5596:
5573:
5554:
5511:
5504:
5480:
5473:
5452:
5445:
5422:
5405:
5361:
5331:
5297:
5286:on 1 July 2015
5271:
5259:
5242:
5233:
5224:
5214:
5180:
5157:
5137:
5104:
5085:
5064:
5049:
5005:
4999:978-3861533900
4998:
4976:
4950:
4924:
4886:
4856:
4815:
4784:
4758:
4747:on 7 June 2016
4726:
4712:
4682:
4659:Globalizations
4645:
4615:
4584:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4506:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4363:Burundi portal
4350:
4347:
4334:Strategic Plan
4304:
4301:
4255:Main article:
4243:
4242:
4223:
4221:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4197:
4194:
4172:oral tradition
4170:The country's
4122:Mohamed Tchité
4096:sweet potatoes
4062:
4059:
4035:Main article:
4032:
4029:
4009:Main article:
4006:
4003:
3979:Main article:
3976:
3973:
3942:fertility rate
3934:United Nations
3901:
3900:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3627:long-term plan
3563:Main article:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3452:
3449:Yahoo! Finance
3444:
3443:
3414:
3411:Google Finance
3406:
3405:
3369:Main article:
3366:
3363:
3232:Main article:
3229:
3226:
3221:Main article:
3218:
3215:
3195:national parks
3193:There are two
3184:primary forest
3127:to the north,
3113:Albertine Rift
3085:Map of Burundi
3078:
3075:
3068:
3067:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:(2008 census)
2571:
2566:
2563:
2551:
2519:
2518:
2499:
2497:
2490:
2470:
2467:
2422:
2419:
2319:Main article:
2316:
2313:
2255:
2252:
2200:United Nations
2177:Main article:
2174:
2171:
2084:
2081:
2040:
2039:
2022:
2021:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1921:. Please help
1907:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1850:UN involvement
1848:
1817:Nelson Mandela
1813:Julius Nyerere
1804:
1801:
1708:In June 1993,
1705:
1702:
1637:bloodless coup
1570:
1567:
1547:Prince Ntare V
1500:United Nations
1434:
1431:
1373:Force Publique
1314:British Empire
1295:
1292:
1263:Main article:
1260:
1257:
1230:
1227:
1211:King of Urundi
1206:
1203:
1191:United Nations
1048:United Nations
983:to the north,
956:
955:
940:
937:
936:
931:
925:
924:
919:
913:
912:
909:
903:
902:
889:
885:
884:
874:
870:
869:
850:
840:
839:
830:
820:
819:
807:
804:
801:
800:
788:
785:
782:
781:
778:
768:
767:
755:
752:
749:
748:
736:
733:
730:
729:
726:
712:
711:
704:
702:• Density
701:
698:
697:
690:
687:
684:
683:
677:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
659:
656:
653:
652:
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
632:
629:
628:
625:
622:
619:
618:
615:
612:
609:
608:
605:
599:
596:
595:
592:
586:
583:
582:
579:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
559:
558:
553:
547:
544:
543:
538:
532:
529:
528:
523:
519:
518:
515:
514:
509:
506:Prime Minister
503:
500:
499:
494:
491:Vice President
488:
485:
484:
479:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
454:
448:
447:
442:
436:
435:
433:
432:
422:
416:
410:
408:
407:
406:
405:
399:
393:
380:
377:
375:
372:
368:
367:
365:
364:
359:
356:
354:
353:
352:
351:
345:
339:
326:
323:
321:
314:
308:
307:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
283:
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
259:-3.500; 30.000
230:
226:
225:
214:
204:
203:
200:
199:
168:
167:
165:
164:
153:
142:
131:
119:
113:
112:
105:
98:
97:
91:
84:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
74:
59:
44:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12243:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12153:
12151:
12144:
12141:
12092:
12087:
12084:
12083:
12081:
12077:
12074:
12070:
12060:
12057:
12053:
12050:
12049:
12048:
12045:
12044:
12042:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12029:
12022:
12018:
12017:
12006:
12003:
12001:
11998:
11997:
11995:
11991:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11965:
11961:
11960:
11959:
11956:
11955:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11942:
11939:
11937:
11934:
11933:
11932:
11929:
11928:
11926:
11924:
11920:
11917:
11913:
11909:
11902:
11897:
11895:
11890:
11888:
11883:
11882:
11879:
11867:
11859:
11858:
11855:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11840:
11838:
11834:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11789:
11787:
11783:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11763:
11761:
11757:
11747:
11744:
11743:
11741:
11737:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11721:
11718:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11676:
11673:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11663:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11648:
11646:
11643:
11641:
11638:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11617:
11615:
11611:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11592:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11581:
11579:
11575:
11569:
11566:
11564:
11563:New Brunswick
11561:
11559:
11556:
11555:
11553:
11549:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11438:
11435:
11433:
11430:
11428:
11425:
11423:
11420:
11418:
11415:
11413:
11412:Guinea-Bissau
11410:
11408:
11405:
11403:
11400:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11368:
11365:
11363:
11360:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11333:
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11288:
11285:
11284:
11282:
11278:
11275:
11273:
11269:
11265:
11258:
11253:
11251:
11246:
11244:
11239:
11238:
11235:
11223:
11215:
11214:
11211:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11186:
11184:
11180:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11165:
11163:
11159:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11127:
11126:Gold standard
11123:
11120:
11119:
11117:
11115:
11111:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11091:
11088:
11086:
11083:
11082:
11080:
11078:
11074:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11057:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11038:
11035:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11025:
11024:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11012:
11002:
10999:
10998:
10996:
10992:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10947:
10945:
10943:
10939:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10919:
10917:
10913:
10907:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10860:
10858:
10856:
10852:
10846:
10843:
10842:
10840:
10838:
10834:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10814:
10812:
10810:
10806:
10800:
10799:2025 election
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10781:
10779:
10777:
10773:
10767:
10764:
10763:
10761:
10759:
10755:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10735:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10723:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10711:Member states
10709:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10698:
10696:
10694:
10690:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10673:
10672:
10671:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10626:
10624:
10622:
10618:
10614:
10613:African Union
10607:
10602:
10600:
10595:
10593:
10588:
10587:
10584:
10572:
10571:
10570:Africa portal
10566:
10562:
10560:
10559:
10550:
10549:
10546:
10536:
10533:
10532:
10530:
10526:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10501:
10499:
10495:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10480:
10478:
10474:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10459:
10457:
10453:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10438:
10436:
10432:
10429:
10425:fully part of
10421:
10413:
10409:
10405:
10399:
10396:
10395:
10393:
10389:
10386:
10383:
10376:
10370:
10367:
10364:
10360:
10357:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10344:
10339:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10178:Guinea-Bissau
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10051:
10047:
10043:
10036:
10031:
10029:
10024:
10022:
10017:
10016:
10013:
10007:
10000:
9988:
9985:
9984:
9979:
9975:
9972:
9968:
9967:
9963:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9897:Ethnic groups
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9864:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9852:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9810:
9804:
9803:
9802:
9799:
9798:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9786:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9759:
9756:
9755:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9733:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9705:
9702:
9701:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9683:
9680:
9679:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9669:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9657:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9613:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9601:
9595:
9592:
9588:
9585:
9584:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9562:
9560:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9547:
9546:
9545:Ruanda-Urundi
9543:
9541:
9538:
9534:
9531:
9530:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9518:Urewe culture
9516:
9514:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9506:
9502:
9498:
9494:
9487:
9482:
9480:
9475:
9473:
9468:
9467:
9464:
9458:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9441:
9439:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9417:
9414:
9411:
9407:
9406:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9382:
9379:
9373:
9370:
9366:
9363:
9359:
9358:
9353:
9352:
9351:
9345:
9341:
9320:1st. edition.
9317:
9315:0-8108-0962-1
9311:
9307:
9302:
9300:
9296:
9294:
9290:
9288:
9284:
9282:
9278:
9274:
9268:
9264:
9259:
9256:
9252:
9249:
9245:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9232:
9228:
9226:
9222:
9218:
9216:0-465-00071-1
9212:
9208:
9207:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9187:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9175:1-85743-183-9
9171:
9167:
9162:
9160:
9156:
9155:
9143:
9137:
9133:
9132:
9126:
9122:
9120:0-8108-5302-7
9116:
9112:
9107:
9106:
9084:
9080:
9074:
9070:
9069:
9061:
9059:
9057:
9055:
9053:
9051:
9043:
9039:
9036:
9031:
9024:
9020:
9017:
9012:
9003:
8997:
8981:
8975:
8959:
8955:
8951:
8945:
8943:
8941:
8933:
8929:
8925:
8922:
8917:
8911:
8910:0-8389-0695-8
8907:
8903:
8897:
8888:
8882:
8866:
8860:
8851:
8845:
8829:
8823:
8817:
8816:0-299-10214-9
8813:
8809:
8805:
8799:
8792:
8788:
8784:
8780:
8777:
8772:
8763:
8757:
8741:
8735:
8733:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8714:
8708:
8699:
8693:
8677:
8671:
8663:
8659:
8653:
8651:
8649:
8647:
8638:
8634:
8628:
8626:
8617:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8581:
8577:
8573:
8566:
8564:
8562:
8560:
8552:
8547:
8540:
8536:
8532:
8529:
8524:
8517:
8513:
8510:
8505:
8498:
8494:
8490:
8487:
8481:
8475:
8473:
8468:
8464:
8461:
8455:
8453:
8445:
8441:
8438:
8432:
8416:
8409:
8403:
8387:
8383:
8377:
8361:
8357:
8351:
8335:
8331:
8325:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8295:
8288:
8287:The Economist
8284:
8280:
8277:
8272:
8264:
8252:
8236:
8232:
8230:9789280534320
8226:
8222:
8218:
8214:
8213:
8205:
8196:
8190:
8174:
8168:
8149:
8142:
8136:
8129:
8124:
8117:
8113:
8110:
8104:
8095:
8089:
8073:
8067:
8060:
8056:
8053:
8048:
8041:
8036:
8020:
8016:
8012:
8006:
7999:
7998:2-8317-0477-4
7995:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7977:
7969:
7965:
7959:
7951:
7950:
7943:
7935:
7933:0-313-28112-2
7929:
7925:
7918:
7911:
7907:
7901:
7894:
7890:
7887:
7881:
7875:
7874:0-600-61557-X
7871:
7867:
7861:
7855:
7854:0-8242-0955-9
7851:
7847:
7843:
7837:
7829:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7787:
7779:
7760:
7756:
7750:
7734:
7730:
7724:
7705:
7698:
7694:
7688:
7681:
7676:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7645:
7643:
7633:
7627:
7611:
7604:
7589:
7585:
7578:
7576:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7545:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7506:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7474:
7467:
7465:
7457:
7453:
7450:
7445:
7426:
7422:
7421:
7413:
7407:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7377:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7347:
7331:
7327:
7323:
7316:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7293:
7285:
7279:
7275:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7242:
7238:
7231:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7211:
7205:
7189:
7183:
7174:
7168:
7152:
7146:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7115:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7077:
7065:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7037:
7033:
7026:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6996:
6994:
6977:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6919:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6886:
6878:
6862:
6858:
6857:www.ohchr.org
6854:
6848:
6846:
6829:
6825:
6824:www.ohchr.org
6821:
6815:
6808:
6805:
6801:
6798:
6793:
6786:
6782:
6779:
6774:
6767:
6763:
6760:
6755:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6737:
6731:
6724:
6720:
6717:
6712:
6705:
6701:
6698:
6693:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6675:
6670:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6640:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6611:The Economist
6608:
6602:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6583:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6554:The Economist
6551:
6545:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6514:
6498:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6481:
6474:
6470:
6467:
6462:
6446:
6442:
6436:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6415:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6396:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6361:
6355:
6339:
6333:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6259:Ethnopolitics
6255:
6247:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6200:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6170:
6151:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6117:
6113:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6094:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6070:
6063:
6062:0-87586-416-3
6059:
6055:
6049:
6042:
6037:
6031:
6012:
6006:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5983:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5963:
5954:
5948:
5940:
5934:
5918:
5913:
5910:
5909:Robert Melson
5906:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5857:
5850:
5849:0-7614-7306-8
5846:
5842:
5836:
5828:
5822:
5818:
5813:
5812:
5803:
5793:
5791:
5784:
5780:
5777:
5771:
5764:
5758:
5751:
5745:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5706:
5697:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5675:
5668:
5664:
5661:
5656:
5649:
5644:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5625:
5617:
5615:1-85728-533-6
5611:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5577:
5570:
5566:
5563:
5558:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5507:
5505:0-7614-7158-8
5501:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5484:
5476:
5474:0-915984-20-2
5470:
5466:
5459:
5457:
5448:
5446:0-915984-20-2
5442:
5438:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5419:
5418:0-19-926191-1
5415:
5409:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5328:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5301:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5266:
5264:
5256:
5252:
5246:
5237:
5228:
5218:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5187:
5185:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5161:
5155:
5154:0-226-04468-8
5151:
5147:
5141:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5092:
5088:
5086:9782813001955
5082:
5078:
5077:
5068:
5061:
5056:
5054:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5001:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4896:
4890:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4772:
4768:
4762:
4743:
4736:
4730:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4678:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4588:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4558:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4493:
4460:
4459:
4447:
4440:
4406:
4402:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4353:
4346:
4343:
4338:
4335:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4264:
4258:
4249:
4239:
4227:
4222:
4213:
4212:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4175:
4173:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4155:, indonongo,
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4067:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3916:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3639:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3606:Kenya Airways
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3582:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3164:Lake Victoria
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3091:
3083:
3074:
3066:
3063:
3058:
3056:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2515:
2503:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2456:homosexuality
2452:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2428:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2365:Arusha Accord
2362:
2358:
2357:Pierre Buyoya
2354:
2350:
2346:
2345:head of state
2342:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:African Union
2201:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:Agathon Rwasa
2143:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2036:
2033:
2018:
2006:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1982:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940: –
1939:
1935:
1934:Find sources:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1912:single source
1908:This section
1906:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:refugee camps
1749:
1745:
1744:Pierre Buyoya
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1675:Pierre Buyoya
1671:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:Pierre Buyoya
1644:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1513:during which
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1392:Ruanda-Urundi
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:allied powers
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:German Empire
1319:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1304:Ruanda-Urundi
1301:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1239:Ruanda-Urundi
1236:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1219:Ruanda-Urundi
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:African Union
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:Deforestation
1136:and grazing.
1135:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1091:authoritarian
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:Rwanda-Urundi
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
991:to the west;
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
952:
943:
938:
935:
932:
930:
926:
923:
920:
918:
917:ISO 3166 code
914:
910:
908:
904:
900:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
875:
871:
867:
851:
845:
841:
831:
825:
821:
817:
808:
802:
798:
789:
783:
779:
773:
769:
765:
756:
750:
746:
737:
731:
727:
723:
717:
713:
709:
705:
699:
695:
691:
685:
682:
678:
674:
668:
664:
660:
654:
651:
647:
643:
639:
636:
630:
626:
620:
616:
610:
606:
603:
602:Ruanda-Urundi
597:
593:
590:
584:
580:
577:
571:
567:
564:
560:
557:
554:
551:
545:
542:
539:
536:
530:
527:
524:
520:
516:
513:
510:
507:
501:
498:
495:
492:
486:
483:
480:
477:
471:
467:
463:
462:authoritarian
459:
455:
453:
449:
446:
443:
441:
437:
431:
427:
423:
421:
417:
415:
411:
404:
400:
398:
397:Protestantism
394:
392:
388:
387:
386:
382:
381:
379:
378:
376:
369:
360:
357:
350:
346:
344:
340:
338:
334:
333:
332:
328:
327:
325:
324:
322:
313:
309:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
263:
234:
231:
227:
218:
208:
201:
189:"Our Burundi"
182:
180:
179:Burundi Bwacu
173:
169:
154:
143:
132:
121:
120:
118:
114:
108:
102:
94:
88:
80:
71:
64:
60:
56:
49:
45:
41:
34:
30:
29:
22:
19:
12113:
12091:Nazi Germany
12089:(claimed by
12072:Unrecognised
11759:Organization
11321:
11317:Burkina Faso
10668:
10654:Abuja Treaty
10568:
10556:
10398:Îles Éparses
10288:South Africa
10278:Sierra Leone
10086:
10082:Burkina Faso
9942:Prostitution
9887:Demographics
9841:Trade unions
9699:Human rights
9677:Constitution
9492:
9419:
9403:
9348:
9347:
9346:profile for
9343:
9305:
9298:
9297:Watt, Nigel
9292:
9291:Uvin, Peter
9286:
9280:
9262:
9254:
9247:
9240:
9236:
9230:
9224:
9205:
9197:
9189:
9183:
9165:
9158:
9130:
9110:
9102:Bibliography
9087:. Retrieved
9067:
9030:
9011:
8984:. Retrieved
8974:
8962:. Retrieved
8953:
8916:
8901:
8896:
8869:. Retrieved
8859:
8832:. Retrieved
8822:
8803:
8798:
8786:
8771:
8744:. Retrieved
8712:
8707:
8680:. Retrieved
8670:
8661:
8636:
8579:
8575:
8546:
8523:
8504:
8480:
8470:
8431:
8419:. Retrieved
8402:
8390:. Retrieved
8376:
8364:. Retrieved
8350:
8338:. Retrieved
8334:the original
8324:
8312:. Retrieved
8303:
8294:
8286:
8271:
8239:. Retrieved
8211:
8204:
8177:. Retrieved
8167:
8155:. Retrieved
8135:
8130:, p. xlviii.
8123:
8103:
8076:. Retrieved
8066:
8047:
8035:
8023:. Retrieved
8014:
8005:
7981:
7976:
7967:
7958:
7948:
7942:
7923:
7917:
7910:Philadelphia
7905:
7900:
7880:
7865:
7860:
7841:
7836:
7793:
7789:
7778:
7766:. Retrieved
7749:
7737:. Retrieved
7733:the original
7723:
7711:. Retrieved
7687:
7675:
7663:. Retrieved
7654:
7614:. Retrieved
7603:
7591:. Retrieved
7587:
7562:. Retrieved
7553:
7544:
7532:. Retrieved
7515:
7505:
7493:. Retrieved
7476:
7444:
7432:. Retrieved
7418:
7406:
7394:. Retrieved
7376:
7364:. Retrieved
7355:
7346:
7334:. Retrieved
7325:
7315:
7292:
7273:
7250:20 September
7248:. Retrieved
7236:
7192:. Retrieved
7182:
7155:. Retrieved
7145:
7133:. Retrieved
7124:
7114:
7102:. Retrieved
7093:
7084:
7052:. Retrieved
7036:The Guardian
7035:
7025:
7013:. Retrieved
7004:
6980:. Retrieved
6963:
6936:. Retrieved
6932:the original
6927:
6918:
6906:. Retrieved
6889:
6877:
6865:. Retrieved
6856:
6832:. Retrieved
6823:
6814:
6807:The Guardian
6806:
6792:
6773:
6754:
6746:
6730:
6711:
6692:
6685:The Guardian
6684:
6669:
6657:. Retrieved
6649:nation.co.ke
6648:
6639:
6627:. Retrieved
6610:
6601:
6582:
6570:. Retrieved
6553:
6544:
6532:. Retrieved
6523:
6513:
6501:. Retrieved
6490:
6480:
6461:
6449:. Retrieved
6421:
6414:
6395:
6342:. Retrieved
6332:
6295:. Retrieved
6262:
6258:
6246:
6218:. Retrieved
6209:
6199:
6187:. Retrieved
6178:
6169:
6157:. Retrieved
6145:
6132:
6120:. Retrieved
6100:
6093:
6085:
6069:
6053:
6048:
6018:. Retrieved
6005:
5997:
5982:
5962:
5953:
5921:. Retrieved
5904:
5897:
5885:
5878:
5856:
5840:
5835:
5810:
5802:
5770:
5762:
5757:
5749:
5744:
5732:. Retrieved
5712:
5705:
5696:
5674:
5655:
5650:, pp. 17, 21
5643:
5624:
5605:
5599:
5591:
5576:
5557:
5545:. Retrieved
5536:
5490:
5483:
5464:
5436:
5408:
5354:16 September
5352:. Retrieved
5343:
5334:
5325:
5320:16 September
5318:. Retrieved
5309:
5300:
5288:. Retrieved
5284:the original
5274:
5245:
5236:
5227:
5217:
5205:. Retrieved
5197:The Guardian
5196:
5170:
5160:
5145:
5140:
5128:. Retrieved
5119:
5095:. Retrieved
5074:
5067:
5041:, retrieved
5032:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4967:. Retrieved
4953:
4941:. Retrieved
4927:
4915:. Retrieved
4901:
4889:
4877:. Retrieved
4868:
4859:
4847:. Retrieved
4834:
4806:. Retrieved
4796:
4787:
4775:. Retrieved
4771:the original
4761:
4749:. Retrieved
4742:the original
4729:
4703:. Retrieved
4694:
4685:
4658:
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4627:
4618:
4606:. Retrieved
4597:
4587:
4575:. Retrieved
4561:
4509:
4405:
4339:
4333:
4331:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4306:
4298:
4295:
4268:
4260:
4233:
4225:
4187:
4176:
4169:
4138:
4134:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4092:civil unrest
4089:
4040:
4014:
3984:
3953:
3950:
3931:
3633:Demographics
3589:
3587:
3523:From OANDA:
3392:central bank
3389:
3374:
3356:
3345:
3341:Microfinance
3337:
3330:
3311:
3292:
3288:
3284:malnutrition
3273:
3251:
3211:Rurubu River
3192:
3179:forest cover
3176:
3168:Kagera River
3149:
3147:ecoregions.
3106:
3072:
3059:
3054:
2901:
2820:
2691:
2586:
2547:
2540:
2537:
2531:, and 2,638
2522:
2509:
2501:
2460:
2453:
2434:
2421:Human rights
2407:Cour Suprême
2406:
2404:
2399:the election
2392:
2384:
2380:
2369:
2338:presidential
2335:
2306:
2291:
2280:
2269:
2257:
2216:
2208:South Africa
2197:
2190:
2182:
2160:
2156:
2144:
2140:
2120:
2113:
2094:
2083:2006 to 2018
2077:
2073:
2069:constitution
2065:
2061:
2054:
2043:
2028:
2012:
2004:
1976:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1933:
1909:
1885:
1878:
1872:
1871:Please help
1868:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1825:Bill Clinton
1806:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1756:South Africa
1741:
1722:
1707:
1690:
1687:
1672:
1664:
1645:
1630:
1582:
1540:
1511:Congo Crisis
1504:
1493:
1478:
1471:
1456:
1445:(1962–1966).
1441:Flag of the
1433:Independence
1415:
1389:
1346:
1307:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1242:
1208:
1146:habitat loss
1142:soil erosion
1131:
1099:
1079:coup attempt
1042:. After the
1026:. After the
1005:
964:
960:
959:
941:
929:Internet TLD
786:• Total
734:• Total
657:• Total
464:dictatorship
385:Christianity
270:Largest city
171:
117:Motto:
116:
107:Coat of arms
18:
12135: /
12032:Concessions
11953:West Africa
11931:East Africa
11827:LGBT rights
11720:South Korea
11522:Switzerland
11502:Saint Lucia
11422:Ivory Coast
11047:Enlargement
10822:Secretariat
10784:Chairperson
10766:Chairperson
10676:Chairperson
10664:Lome Summit
10462:Pantelleria
10382:territories
10350:recognition
10293:South Sudan
10183:Ivory Coast
9927:LGBT rights
9816:Agriculture
9704:LGBT rights
9375:(in French)
9360:Records of
9089:8 September
8964:14 November
8834:24 November
8179:30 November
8042:, p. xlvii.
7564:10 November
7534:10 November
7495:10 November
7104:11 December
7072:|last=
6265:(1): 1–18.
4969:24 February
4777:17 December
4751:17 December
4190:Eid al-Fitr
4124:and singer
4069:Drums from
4047:biomedicine
3619:MV Mwongozo
3177:In Burundi
2573:Population
2234:and cruel,
2173:2015 unrest
1821:Thabo Mbeki
1748:coup d'état
1685:broke out.
1650:, a Tutsi,
1593:gendarmerie
1528:coup d'état
1367:launched a
1347:During the
1177:. The 2018
1167:instability
857: 0.420
814:$ 245 (
762:$ 890 (
640:17 May 2018
617:1 July 1962
550:Lower house
535:Upper house
522:Legislature
401:4.5% other
391:Catholicism
317:1980 census
257: /
12150:Categories
12086:New Swabia
12079:Antarctica
12000:New Guinea
11964:Neukamerun
11695:Mozambique
11690:Montenegro
11517:Seychelles
11457:Mauritania
11447:Madagascar
11437:Luxembourg
11342:Cape Verde
11168:Africa Day
11122:Currencies
10776:Commission
10369:Somaliland
10273:Seychelles
10238:Mozambique
10223:Mauritania
10208:Madagascar
10163:The Gambia
10097:Cape Verde
9808:(currency)
9731:Parliament
8340:27 January
8241:29 October
7790:BioScience
7682:, p. xlix.
6867:10 October
6834:10 October
6534:12 October
6503:12 October
6451:4 November
6146:Swisspeace
6122:14 October
6086:China View
5998:Relief Web
5923:15 October
5734:10 October
5290:27 January
5043:5 February
4879:13 January
4849:24 October
4628:British GQ
4577:10 October
4553:References
4307:Burundi's
4200:See also:
4132:, Kenya).
4055:death rate
4017:Protestant
3316:, nickel,
3238:See also:
3156:Nile River
3152:Mount Heha
2425:See also:
2315:Government
2132:war crimes
2099:, Rwanda,
2015:March 2018
1979:March 2018
1949:newspapers
1874:improve it
1601:Nyanza-Lac
1469:(UPRONA).
1377:Lake Force
1338:Tanganyika
1223:"Usumbura"
1175:illiteracy
1163:corruption
681:Population
526:Parliament
452:Government
440:Demonym(s)
211:Show globe
12206:Republics
11977:Mahinland
11680:Louisiana
11675:Lithuania
11620:Argentina
11613:Observers
11462:Mauritius
10693:Geography
10380:Dependent
10228:Mauritius
9922:Languages
9892:Education
9836:Transport
9753:President
9711:Judiciary
9689:Elections
9636:Provinces
9604:Geography
9436:from the
8717:Cape Town
8658:"Burundi"
8314:27 August
8261:ignored (
8251:cite book
8199:mfw4a.org
8078:21 August
8025:27 August
7992:, p. 74.
7810:0006-3568
7524:0362-4331
7485:0362-4331
7151:"Burundi"
7135:5 October
7064:cite news
7044:0261-3077
7015:8 January
6982:8 January
6972:0362-4331
6938:8 January
6908:8 January
6898:0362-4331
6619:0013-0613
6562:0013-0613
6338:"Burundi"
6297:3 January
6287:149937031
6279:1744-9057
6220:3 January
6159:3 January
6020:4 January
5280:"Burundi"
5167:"Burundi"
5029:"Burundi"
4793:"Burundi"
4677:1474-7731
4638:5 January
4608:5 January
4279:Bujumbura
4236:June 2018
4207:Education
4051:fertility
3975:Languages
3707:Bujumbura
3689:Bujumbura
3559:Transport
3361:in 2023.
3077:Geography
2992:1,635.53
2968:1,059.84
2940:Bujumbura
2920:1,089.04
2887:1,079.72
2863:1,959.60
2839:1,644.68
2806:1,473.86
2782:1,836.26
2758:1,703.34
2734:1,233.24
2710:1,457.40
2677:2,338.88
2653:1,959.45
2629:1,978.96
2605:1,964.54
2581:Communes
2562:Province
2525:provinces
2512:June 2023
2372:bicameral
2111:in 2007.
2101:D.R.Congo
1938:"Burundi"
1919:talk page
1880:talk page
1742:In 1996,
1693:genocides
1683:civil war
1660:Marangara
1481:elections
1205:Etymology
1063:one-party
1059:1966 coup
1001:Bujumbura
907:Drives on
888:Time zone
776:(nominal)
607:1916–1962
594:1890–1916
581:1680–1966
476:President
460:under an
445:Burundian
403:Christian
371:Religion
274:Bujumbura
186:(Kirundi)
162:(English)
140:(Swahili)
129:(Kirundi)
12059:Tientsin
12052:Tsingtao
11982:Togoland
11941:Wituland
11915:Colonies
11866:Category
11822:TV5Monde
11746:Thailand
11715:Slovenia
11710:Slovakia
11377:Dominica
11372:Djibouti
11332:Cameroon
11327:Cambodia
11312:Bulgaria
11222:Category
11100:Passport
11015:Politics
10758:Assembly
10558:Category
10476:Portugal
10328:Zimbabwe
10303:Tanzania
10153:Ethiopia
10148:Eswatini
10127:Djibouti
10092:Cameroon
10077:Botswana
9987:Category
9952:Religion
9907:Football
9867:Abortion
9721:Military
9660:Politics
9646:Wildlife
9626:Communes
9513:Timeline
9497:articles
9438:BBC News
9381:Archived
9365:Archived
9083:Archived
9038:Archived
9019:Archived
8996:cite web
8958:Archived
8924:Archived
8881:cite web
8844:cite web
8779:Archived
8756:cite web
8692:cite web
8608:29452365
8531:Archived
8512:Archived
8489:Archived
8463:Archived
8440:Archived
8360:Archived
8308:Archived
8279:Archived
8235:Archived
8189:cite web
8148:Archived
8112:Archived
8088:cite web
8055:Archived
8019:Archived
7889:Archived
7828:28608869
7704:Archived
7659:Archived
7626:cite web
7588:Statoids
7558:Archived
7528:Archived
7489:Archived
7452:Archived
7425:Archived
7390:Archived
7360:Archived
7330:Archived
7300:Archived
7241:Archived
7204:cite web
7167:cite web
7129:Archived
7098:Archived
7094:BBC News
7048:Archived
7009:Archived
6976:Archived
6902:Archived
6861:Archived
6828:Archived
6800:Archived
6781:Archived
6762:Archived
6739:Archived
6719:Archived
6700:Archived
6677:Archived
6653:Archived
6623:Archived
6590:Archived
6566:Archived
6528:Archived
6497:Archived
6469:Archived
6445:Archived
6403:Archived
6384:Archived
6354:cite web
6321:Archived
6291:Archived
6214:Archived
6183:Archived
6150:Archived
6148:: 1–59.
6116:Archived
6078:Archived
6030:cite web
5990:Archived
5971:Archived
5933:cite web
5864:Archived
5779:Archived
5728:Archived
5686:Archived
5663:Archived
5632:Archived
5584:Archived
5565:Archived
5547:27 April
5541:Archived
5537:BBC News
5393:Archived
5348:Archived
5314:Archived
5207:15 March
5201:Archived
5175:Archived
5171:Mongabay
5124:Archived
5097:10 April
5091:Archived
5062:, p. ix.
5037:archived
4963:Archived
4937:Archived
4908:Archived
4873:Archived
4843:Archived
4699:Archived
4661:: 1–16.
4632:Archived
4602:Archived
4571:Archived
4349:See also
4285:and the
4281:and the
4263:literacy
4145:karyenda
4021:Anglican
4005:Religion
3805:Cibitoke
3800:Cibitoke
3755:135,467
3716:374,809
3671:Province
3610:RwandAir
3381:centimes
3365:Currency
3326:platinum
3276:HIV/AIDS
3217:Wildlife
3129:Tanzania
3043:273,143
3019:292,589
3012:Muramvya
3007:Muramvya
2995:460,435
2988:Cibitoke
2983:Cibitoke
2971:464,818
2947:497,166
2923:338,023
2890:352,026
2866:430,899
2842:313,102
2809:660,717
2785:632,409
2761:628,256
2737:585,412
2713:436,443
2680:400,530
2656:333,510
2632:725,223
2608:228,873
2565:Capital
2549:effect.
2533:collines
2529:communes
2296:and the
2128:Genocide
1768:Pretoria
1764:Tanzania
1626:Tanzania
1555:republic
1403:Usumbura
1334:Tanzania
1316:and the
1253:Eswatini
1245:Botswana
1055:monarchy
985:Tanzania
873:Currency
151:(French)
12156:Burundi
12123:30°00′E
11993:Oceania
11958:Kamerun
11836:Related
11785:Culture
11730:Uruguay
11725:Ukraine
11700:Ontario
11660:Ireland
11655:Hungary
11650:Georgia
11635:Croatia
11625:Austria
11542:Vietnam
11537:Vanuatu
11532:Tunisia
11512:Senegal
11492:Romania
11477:Morocco
11467:Moldova
11432:Lebanon
11357:Comoros
11322:Burundi
11302:Belgium
11297:Armenia
11292:Andorra
11287:Albania
11280:Members
11272:Members
11161:Culture
11114:Economy
11077:Symbols
10716:Regions
10701:Borders
10621:History
10535:Socotra
10514:Melilla
10483:Madeira
10446:Réunion
10441:Mayotte
10313:Tunisia
10283:Somalia
10268:Senegal
10253:Nigeria
10243:Namibia
10233:Morocco
10198:Liberia
10193:Lesotho
10143:Eritrea
10112:Comoros
10087:Burundi
10062:Algeria
9971:Outline
9882:Cuisine
9855:Culture
9831:Tourism
9789:Economy
9621:Climate
9505:History
9493:Burundi
9434:Burundi
9425:Burundi
9416:Burundi
9400:Burundi
9350:Burundi
9344:country
9340:Scholia
8986:21 July
8871:21 July
8746:21 July
8682:21 July
8616:4917618
8551:Burundi
8541:. 2010.
8421:17 July
8392:17 July
8366:21 June
8157:28 June
7819:5451287
7768:14 July
7739:13 July
7713:14 July
7665:29 July
7616:21 July
7593:13 July
7366:3 March
7336:3 March
7194:21 July
7157:27 July
7054:8 March
6492:Reuters
6344:4 March
6064:p. 151.
5130:14 July
4835:IMF.org
4808:22 June
4705:28 June
4695:Reuters
4598:Barrons
4527:Swahili
4514:Kirundi
4226:updated
4185:games.
4183:mancala
4157:umuduri
4130:Nairobi
4061:Culture
3999:English
3991:Kirundi
3895:Muyinga
3890:Muyinga
3881:10,024
3877:Kirundo
3872:Kirundo
3863:10,705
3845:20,031
3841:Bubanza
3836:Bubanza
3827:21,767
3823:Kayanza
3818:Kayanza
3809:23,885
3791:35,931
3782:Rumonge
3773:39,884
3736:Rumonge
3653:Source:
3314:uranium
3260:sorghum
3228:Economy
3121:plateau
3040:839.60
3016:695.52
2950:5746.3
2916:Bubanza
2911:Bubanza
2883:Rumonge
2878:Rumonge
2859:Makamba
2854:Makamba
2778:Muyinga
2773:Muyinga
2754:Kirundo
2749:Kirundo
2730:Kayanza
2725:Kayanza
2601:Cankuzo
2596:Cankuzo
2543:Rumonge
2502:updated
2232:torture
2005:updated
1963:scholar
1667:amnesty
1597:Rumonge
1515:Western
1411:dynasty
1401:, with
1361:British
1357:Belgian
1249:Lesotho
1229:History
1215:Kirundi
1159:poverty
1119:Kirundi
1020:kingdom
971:in the
967:, is a
961:Burundi
942:Website
879:(FBu) (
864: (
633:•
574:•
548:•
533:•
504:•
489:•
474:•
331:Barundi
302:Swahili
297:English
287:Kirundi
245:30°00′E
229:Capital
172:Anthem:
70:Swahili
40:Kirundi
12120:3°30′S
11923:Africa
11705:Poland
11685:Mexico
11670:Latvia
11665:Kosovo
11599:Serbia
11594:Cyprus
11584:Gambia
11568:Quebec
11497:Rwanda
11472:Monaco
11407:Guinea
11402:Greece
11392:France
11337:Canada
11182:Theory
11090:Emblem
11085:Anthem
10980:AMISOM
10965:UNAMID
10817:Bureau
10726:Organs
10434:France
10391:France
10323:Zambia
10318:Uganda
10258:Rwanda
10213:Malawi
10173:Guinea
10067:Angola
10046:Africa
9912:Health
9821:Mining
9806:Franc
9736:Senate
9641:Rivers
9616:Cities
9495:
9429:Curlie
9342:has a
9312:
9269:
9213:
9172:
9138:
9117:
9075:
8950:"IDEA"
8908:
8814:
8723:
8614:
8606:
8518:(2022)
8411:(XSLX)
8227:
8128:Eggers
8040:Eggers
7996:
7930:
7872:
7852:
7826:
7816:
7808:
7680:Eggers
7522:
7483:
7434:6 July
7396:6 July
7280:
7042:
6970:
6896:
6659:14 May
6629:13 May
6617:
6572:14 May
6560:
6437:
6409:, 2008
6285:
6277:
6189:4 July
6108:
6060:
6041:UNESCO
5847:
5823:
5797:exile"
5720:
5612:
5502:
5471:
5443:
5416:
5253:
5152:
5083:
5076:France
5060:Eggers
4996:
4943:17 May
4675:
4535:French
4291:Gitega
4153:ikembe
4149:zither
4115:impeke
4084:, and
4071:Gitega
4031:Health
4025:Sunnis
3997:, and
3995:French
3899:9,609
3859:Karuzi
3854:Karuzi
3787:Bururi
3751:Gitega
3746:Gitega
3699:Gitega
3645:
3642:
3623:Kigoma
3614:Kigali
3487:XE.com
3322:copper
3318:cobalt
3297:; the
3264:manioc
3143:, and
3125:Rwanda
3065:
3046:325.3
3022:420.7
2998:281.5
2974:438.6
2944:86.52
2926:310.4
2893:326.0
2869:219.9
2845:190.4
2835:Bururi
2830:Bururi
2812:448.3
2788:344.4
2764:368.8
2740:474.7
2716:299.5
2706:Karuzi
2701:Karuzi
2683:171.2
2673:Ruyigi
2668:Ruyigi
2659:170.2
2649:Rutana
2644:Rutana
2635:366.5
2625:Gitega
2620:Gitega
2611:116.5
2570:(km)
2527:, 119
2481:, and
2287:Gitega
2202:, the
2046:Uganda
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1760:Arusha
1646:Major
1622:Rwanda
1381:Tabora
1351:, the
1342:Gitega
1320:, the
1251:, and
1173:, and
1144:, and
1123:French
1113:. The
1034:, the
997:Gitega
981:Rwanda
848:(2022)
846:
828:(2013)
826:
774:
718:
541:Senate
426:others
395:25.2%
389:63.7%
383:93.4%
373:(2020)
292:French
242:3°30′S
233:Gitega
184:
174:
160:
149:
138:
127:
66:
55:French
51:
36:
12040:China
12005:Samoa
11817:AFFOI
11589:Ghana
11487:Qatar
11482:Niger
11417:Haiti
11397:Gabon
11382:Egypt
11307:Benin
11142:NEPAD
10985:MISCA
10950:ACIRC
10528:Yemen
10509:Ceuta
10497:Spain
10455:Italy
10298:Sudan
10248:Niger
10203:Libya
10188:Kenya
10168:Ghana
10158:Gabon
10132:Egypt
10072:Benin
9978:Index
9937:Music
9932:Media
9631:Lakes
9533:kings
9455:from
9418:from
8612:S2CID
8151:(PDF)
8144:(PDF)
7762:(PDF)
7707:(PDF)
7700:(PDF)
7428:(PDF)
7415:(PDF)
7244:(PDF)
7233:(PDF)
6319:BBC.
6283:S2CID
6153:(PDF)
6142:(PDF)
6014:(PDF)
5969:BBC.
5683:p. 89
4988:[
4917:3 May
4911:(PDF)
4898:(PDF)
4745:(PDF)
4738:(PDF)
4442:
4397:Notes
4196:Media
3965:Tutsi
3769:Ngozi
3764:Ngozi
3726:Ngozi
3675:Pop.
3662:Rank
3621:) to
3485:From
3447:From
3409:From
3036:Mwaro
3031:Mwaro
2964:Isale
2802:Ngozi
2797:Ngozi
2568:Area
2258:In a
1970:JSTOR
1956:books
1656:Ntega
1618:Zaïre
1288:Ganwa
1276:ganwa
1272:mwami
1107:Tutsi
1016:Tutsi
911:right
866:187th
816:192nd
797:173rd
764:193rd
745:164th
663:142nd
650:Area
424:0.2%
420:Islam
418:2.1%
412:4.3%
343:Tutsi
11527:Togo
11452:Mali
11427:Laos
11352:Chad
11189:Afro
11095:Flag
11027:APRM
10975:AMIS
10970:AMIB
10794:AUCC
10308:Togo
10218:Mali
10107:Chad
9902:Flag
9758:list
9570:1993
9565:1972
9310:ISBN
9267:ISBN
9211:ISBN
9170:ISBN
9136:ISBN
9115:ISBN
9091:2021
9073:ISBN
9002:link
8988:2008
8966:2023
8906:ISBN
8887:link
8873:2008
8850:link
8836:2012
8812:ISBN
8762:link
8748:2008
8721:ISBN
8698:link
8684:2008
8604:PMID
8474:(FP)
8423:2022
8394:2022
8368:2023
8342:2020
8316:2019
8263:help
8243:2023
8225:ISBN
8195:link
8181:2010
8159:2014
8094:link
8080:2006
8027:2019
7994:ISBN
7928:ISBN
7870:ISBN
7850:ISBN
7824:PMID
7806:ISSN
7770:2015
7741:2015
7715:2015
7667:2022
7632:link
7618:2008
7595:2015
7566:2017
7536:2017
7520:ISSN
7497:2017
7481:ISSN
7436:2017
7398:2017
7368:2021
7338:2021
7278:ISBN
7252:2008
7210:link
7196:2008
7173:link
7159:2008
7137:2022
7106:2021
7076:help
7056:2021
7040:ISSN
7017:2021
6984:2021
6968:ISSN
6940:2021
6910:2021
6894:ISSN
6869:2017
6836:2017
6661:2015
6631:2015
6615:ISSN
6574:2015
6558:ISSN
6536:2021
6505:2021
6453:2021
6435:ISBN
6360:link
6346:2013
6299:2024
6275:ISSN
6222:2024
6191:2019
6161:2024
6124:2015
6106:ISBN
6058:ISBN
6036:link
6022:2007
5939:link
5925:2007
5845:ISBN
5821:ISBN
5736:2016
5718:ISBN
5610:ISBN
5549:2010
5500:ISBN
5469:ISBN
5441:ISBN
5414:ISBN
5356:2017
5322:2017
5292:2020
5251:ISBN
5222:254.
5209:2018
5150:ISBN
5132:2021
5099:2018
5081:ISBN
5045:2024
4994:ISBN
4971:2019
4945:2022
4919:2024
4881:2015
4851:2023
4810:2023
4779:2015
4753:2015
4707:2023
4673:ISSN
4640:2024
4610:2024
4579:2022
4502:-dee
4458:-dee
4456:RUUN
4332:The
4108:peas
4106:and
4104:rice
4100:corn
4019:and
3985:The
3961:Hutu
3926:and
3666:Name
3608:and
3324:and
3101:and
2429:and
2405:The
2347:and
2248:rape
2134:and
1942:news
1766:and
1658:and
1624:and
1599:and
1589:Hutu
1577:and
1551:coup
1459:King
1359:and
1302:and
1237:and
1103:Hutu
1057:; a
1030:and
1014:and
1012:Hutu
1006:The
949:.gov
832:39.2
824:Gini
708:17th
694:78th
430:none
341:14%
337:Hutu
335:85%
329:99%
93:Flag
10044:of
9427:at
8932:BBC
8594:hdl
8584:doi
8217:doi
7814:PMC
7798:doi
7308:CIA
6706:BBC
6596:BBC
6427:doi
6267:doi
5120:RFI
4663:doi
4500:RUN
4498:bə-
4461:or
4454:bə-
4289:in
4277:in
3969:Twa
3612:).
3551:USD
3548:JPY
3545:HKD
3542:GBP
3539:EUR
3536:CNY
3533:CHF
3530:CAD
3527:AUD
3517:USD
3514:JPY
3511:HKD
3508:GBP
3505:EUR
3502:CNY
3499:CHF
3496:CAD
3493:AUD
3479:USD
3476:JPY
3473:HKD
3470:GBP
3467:EUR
3464:CNY
3461:CHF
3458:CAD
3455:AUD
3441:USD
3438:JPY
3435:HKD
3432:GBP
3429:EUR
3426:CNY
3423:CHF
3420:CAD
3417:AUD
2953:13
2638:11
2116:FLN
1925:by
1111:Twa
1008:Twa
951:.bi
947:mae
934:.bi
899:CAT
893:UTC
881:BIF
861:low
844:HDI
772:GDP
722:PPP
716:GDP
349:Twa
347:1%
12152::
9408:.
9402:.
9081:.
9049:^
8998:}}
8994:{{
8956:.
8952:.
8939:^
8930:.
8883:}}
8879:{{
8846:}}
8842:{{
8806:.
8785:.
8758:}}
8754:{{
8731:^
8715:.
8694:}}
8690:{{
8660:.
8645:^
8635:.
8624:^
8610:.
8602:.
8592:.
8580:33
8578:.
8574:.
8558:^
8537:.
8451:^
8384:.
8358:.
8306:.
8302:.
8285:,
8255::
8253:}}
8249:{{
8233:.
8223:.
8191:}}
8187:{{
8090:}}
8086:{{
8017:.
8013:.
7988::
7984:.
7966:.
7908:.
7844:.
7822:.
7812:.
7804:.
7794:67
7792:.
7788:.
7657:.
7653:.
7641:^
7628:}}
7624:{{
7586:.
7574:^
7552:.
7526:.
7518:.
7514:.
7487:.
7479:.
7475:.
7463:^
7417:.
7384:.
7358:.
7354:.
7328:.
7324:.
7306:.
7260:^
7235:.
7219:^
7206:}}
7202:{{
7169:}}
7165:{{
7127:.
7123:.
7092:.
7068::
7066:}}
7062:{{
7046:.
7038:.
7034:.
7007:.
7003:.
6992:^
6974:.
6966:.
6962:.
6948:^
6926:.
6900:.
6892:.
6888:.
6859:.
6855:.
6844:^
6826:.
6822:.
6745:.
6683:.
6647:.
6621:.
6609:.
6564:.
6552:.
6526:.
6522:.
6495:.
6489:.
6443:.
6433:.
6369:^
6356:}}
6352:{{
6307:^
6289:.
6281:.
6273:.
6263:19
6261:.
6257:.
6230:^
6212:.
6208:.
6177:.
6144:.
6114:.
6084:.
6032:}}
6028:{{
5935:}}
5931:{{
5819:.
5817:12
5789:^
5726:.
5681:,
5590:,
5535:.
5514:^
5498:.
5496:60
5455:^
5425:^
5399:.
5364:^
5346:.
5342:.
5324:.
5312:.
5308:.
5262:^
5199:.
5195:.
5183:^
5173:.
5169:.
5118:.
5107:^
5089:.
5052:^
5031:,
5008:^
4900:.
4867:.
4837:.
4833:.
4818:^
4795:.
4715:^
4693:.
4671:.
4657:.
4626:.
4600:.
4596:.
4569:.
4537::
4533:;
4529::
4525:;
4516::
4329:.
4293:.
4151:,
4102:,
4098:,
4080:,
3993:,
3971:.
3886:10
3604:,
3600:,
3489::
3451::
3413::
3398:.
3394:,
3387:.
3320:,
3197::
3190:.
3162:.
3139:,
3049:6
3025:5
3001:6
2977:9
2929:5
2896:5
2872:6
2848:6
2815:9
2791:7
2767:7
2743:9
2719:7
2686:7
2662:6
2614:5
2477:,
2304:.
2289:.
2267:.
2246:,
2242:,
2238:,
2130:,
1883:.
1762:,
1700:.
1628:.
1620:,
1538:.
1502:.
1247:,
1201:.
1193:,
1189:,
1185:,
1169:,
1165:,
1161:,
1140:,
1121:,
1097:.
1010:,
1003:.
922:BI
895:+2
675:10
428:/
12093:)
11900:e
11893:t
11886:v
11256:e
11249:t
11242:v
11128:)
11124:(
11058:)
11054:(
10605:e
10598:t
10591:v
10365:)
10361:(
10034:e
10027:t
10020:v
9485:e
9478:t
9471:v
9412:.
9354:.
9318:.
9275:.
9239:(
9219:.
9178:.
9144:.
9123:.
9093:.
9004:)
8990:.
8968:.
8889:)
8875:.
8852:)
8838:.
8764:)
8750:.
8700:)
8686:.
8664:.
8618:.
8596::
8586::
8435:"
8425:.
8396:.
8370:.
8344:.
8318:.
8265:)
8245:.
8219::
8197:)
8183:.
8161:.
8096:)
8082:.
8029:.
8000:.
7970:.
7936:.
7830:.
7800::
7772:.
7743:.
7717:.
7669:.
7634:)
7620:.
7597:.
7568:.
7538:.
7499:.
7438:.
7400:.
7370:.
7340:.
7286:.
7254:.
7212:)
7198:.
7175:)
7161:.
7139:.
7108:.
7078:)
7058:.
7019:.
6986:.
6942:.
6912:.
6871:.
6838:.
6663:.
6633:.
6576:.
6538:.
6507:.
6455:.
6429::
6362:)
6348:.
6301:.
6269::
6224:.
6193:.
6163:.
6126:.
6038:)
6024:.
5943:,
5941:)
5927:.
5851:.
5829:.
5738:.
5618:.
5551:.
5508:.
5477:.
5449:.
5420:.
5358:.
5294:.
5257:.
5211:.
5134:.
5002:.
4973:.
4947:.
4921:.
4883:.
4853:.
4812:.
4781:.
4755:.
4709:.
4679:.
4665::
4642:.
4612:.
4581:.
4492:/
4489:i
4486:d
4483:n
4480:ʌ
4477:r
4474:ˈ
4471:ə
4468:b
4465:/
4439:/
4436:i
4433:d
4430:n
4427:ʊ
4424:r
4421:ˈ
4418:ə
4415:b
4412:/
4238:)
4234:(
4228:.
3868:9
3850:8
3832:7
3814:6
3796:5
3778:4
3760:3
3742:2
3703:1
2514:)
2510:(
2504:.
2035:)
2029:(
2017:)
2013:(
2007:.
1981:)
1977:(
1967:·
1960:·
1953:·
1946:·
1929:.
1915:.
1890:)
1886:(
901:)
897:(
883:)
868:)
818:)
799:)
766:)
747:)
724:)
720:(
710:)
696:)
665:)
319:)
315:(
181:"
177:"
72:)
68:(
57:)
53:(
42:)
38:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.