2740:
3246:
2634:
6761:
considered conversion to Islam to have been principally motivated by economic considerations. This understanding was later revised, following Daniel
Dennett's study on the poll tax (jizya) in the 1950s. Dennett convincingly showed that discriminatory taxes on non-Muslims were neither imposed consistently, nor uniformly conceived from the onset of Islamic rule. Thus, while acknowledging the role of economic growth in confessional change, Marshall Hodgson pointed to the great social advantages that were to be gained by conversion to Islam, underscoring the social mobility that went hand in hand with the new affiliation. In general, historians have come to the understanding that the phenomenon of conversion to Islam cannot be treated from a singular perspective.
3168:
12138:
2290:
3070:
5176:
3882:
2510:
2943:
3744:
3847:
19:
3145:
2844:
to prominence began with the padroado in the fifteenth century and continued until other
European countries initiated missions of their own, threatening Portugal's status as sole patron of the continent. The favor of the Jesuits took a negative turn in the mid eighteenth century when Portugal no longer held the same dominion in Africa as it had in the fifteenth century. The Jesuits found themselves expelled from Mozambique and Angola, as a result, the existence of Catholic missions diminished significantly in these regions.
4262:
2494:
3985:
2550:, Christian fears of persecution by the invaders, schisms and a lack of leadership within the Christian church in Africa, political pragmatism among the inhabitants under the new regime, and a possible lack of differentiation between early Islamic and local Christian theologies that may have made it easier for laymen to accept the new religion. Some Christians, especially those with financial means, also left for Europe. In the lands west of Egypt, the Church at that time lacked the backbone of a
5077:
4228:
5428:
63:
4943:
4876:
3604:
5309:
4978:
3814:
4841:
4535:
3709:
4634:
4436:
4125:
2848:
1011:
4568:
695:
5244:
4055:
3569:
5044:
3917:
3674:
5110:
4738:
4367:
4020:
3639:
4909:
4808:
4669:
4601:
4332:
3464:
3381:
2155:
5209:
5141:
4773:
4469:
4193:
3499:
5012:
4090:
4704:
4401:
4297:
4158:
3952:
3534:
4502:
3779:
3268:). According to David Barrett, most of the 552,000 congregations in 11,500 denominations throughout Africa in 1995 are completely unknown in the West. Much of the recent Christian growth in Africa is now due to indigenous African missionary work and evangelism and high birth rates, rather than European missionaries. Christianity in Africa shows tremendous variety, from the ancient forms of
3257:
nearly 658 million
Christians in Africa, with 760 million expected by 2025, surpassing earlier estimates of 630 to 700 million for 2025. In 2020, Christians formed 49% of the continent's population, with Muslims forming 42%. As of 2023, there are an estimated 718 million Christians from all denominations in Africa, and the majority of Africans are Christian.
3098:, Ethiopian, Arabic, and Moorish descentβare treasured as part of the whole multicultural matrix of African Christianity". Within different geographical areas, Africans searched for aspects of Christianity that could more closely resemble their religious and personal practices. Adaptations of Protestantism, such as the
2532:. Christianity continued to exist after the Muslim conquests. Initially, Muslims remained a ruling minority within the conquered territories in the Middle East and North Africa. Overall, the non-Muslim population became a minority in these regions by the 8th century. The factors and processes that led to the
11562:
5423:
with 24 million (47.7% of the population), these three countries add up to around 121 million
Protestants. There are an estimated 60 million Anglicans and 23 million Lutherans in Africa. There are also approximately 10 million Baptists and another 25 million Methodists on the continent. Presbyterians
3218:
The influenza pandemic of 1918 accelerated the
Africanization of Christianity and hence its growth in twentieth century Africa. As many as five million Africans are estimated to have died. European governments, churches and medicine were powerless against the plague, boosting anti-imperial sentiment.
2843:
The
Jesuits went largely unchallenged by rival denominational missions in Africa. Other religious congregations did exist who sought to evangelize regions of the continent under Portuguese dominion, however, their influence was far less significant than that of the Christians. The Jesuit's ascendency
2835:
in the territory of
Zimbabwe. A modest sized group of Jesuits began to establish their presence in the area of Abyssinia, or Ethiopia Superior, around the same time of Silveira's presence in Southern Africa. Although Jesuits regularly confronted persecution and harassment, their mission withstood the
2667:. There is also evidence of religious pilgrimages after 850 to tombs of Catholic saints outside the city of Carthage, and evidence of religious contacts with Christians of Muslim Spain. In addition, calendar reforms adopted in Europe at this time were disseminated amongst the indigenous Christians of
3110:
was black and regarded symbols with different weight than the
Catholic and Protestant Europeans. The common practice of placing crosses and crucifixes in churches was viewed as a graven image in their eyes or a form of idolatry. Also, according to Mazrui, Kimbanguists respected the roles of women in
7948:
Reports of widespread conversions of
Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and Kurdistan. Countries with the largest indigenous numbers include Algeria, 380,000; Ethiopia, 400,000; Iran, 500,000 (versus only 500 in 1979); Nigeria, 600,000; and Indonesia,
3256:
There has been tremendous growth in the number of
Christians in Africa - coupled by a relative decline in adherence to traditional African religions. In 1900, there were only nine million Christians in Africa, but by the year 2000, there were an estimated 380 million Christians. In 2020, there were
3232:
Christian missionaries were compelled to spread an understanding of their gospel in the native language of the indigenous people they sought to convert. The Bible was then translated and communicated in these native languages. Christian schools did teach English, as well as mathematics, philosophy,
3140:
and his father Sekgoma in nineteenth-century Botswana. Young leaders formed ideas based on Christianity and challenged elders. Dona Beatriz, an African prophet, made Christianity political and eventually went on to become an African Nationalist, planning to overthrow the Ugandan state with the help
3127:
was a woman from Central Africa known for her controversial views on the acceptance of polygamy β she argued that Jesus never condemned it β and she was burnt at the stake. European missionaries were faced with what they considered an issue in maintaining Victorian values, while still promoting the
2720:
in the south of Tunisia up until the early 15th century, and in the first quarter of the 15th century texts state that the native Christians of Tunis, though much assimilated, extended their church, perhaps because the last Christians from all over the Maghreb had gathered there. However, they were
7179:
ha-MizraαΈ₯it ha-YiΕreΚΌelit, αΈ€evrah (1988). Asian and African Studies, Volume 22. Jerusalem Academic Press. Muslim historians note the destruction of dozens of churches and the forced conversion of dozens of people to Islam under al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah in Egypt ...These events also reflect the Muslim
6760:
It is a process that has attracted the interest of modern scholars who have been primarily preoccupied with questions as to when conversions to Islam took place, how many people converted in a given period, and why they chose to do so. Early in the twentieth century, scholars such as C. H. Becker
3223:
movement in Nigeria coincided with the pandemic. Evolving into the Christ Apostolic Church, it gave rise to many offshoots, which continued to emerge into the 1950s spreading with migrants around the world. For example, the Redeemed Christian Church of God, founded in 1952, has congregations in a
2558:
heresy, and one theory proposes this as a factor that contributed to the early obliteration of the Church in the present day Maghreb. Proponents of this theory compare this situation with the strong monastic tradition in Egypt and Syria, where Christianity remained more vigorous. In addition, the
5410:
In 2010, Pew estimated that there were around 300 million Protestants in Sub Saharan Africa. Other estimates range up to four hundred million. Protestantism is the largest Christian group in Africa, with 35.9% (more than a half) in sub-Saharan Africa. Protestant have grown to 35.9% of the whole
2695:
around 680 AD as their administrative center after their conquest. A letter in Catholic Church archives from the 14th century shows that there were still four bishoprics left in North Africa, admittedly a sharp decline from the over four hundred bishoprics in existence at the time of the Arab
2836:
test of time for nearly a century. Despite this confrontation, they found success in instituting Catholic doctrine in a region that, prior to the existence of their vocation, maintained strictly established orthodoxies. During the sixteenth century, Jesuits extended their mission into the
3008:
were mostly of Spanish descent, and to a lesser extent of Portuguese, French and Italian ancestry. The U.S. State Department estimates the number of Moroccan Christians as more than 40,000. Pew-Templeton estimates the number of Moroccan Christians at 20,000. Most Christians reside in the
11539:
11514:
3048:, and a large group of native-born citizens of Berber and Arab descent, numbers 50,000 and is dispersed throughout the country. The Office for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor in the United States also noted the presence of thousands of Tunisians who converted to Christianity.
6101:
Tunisia's Ministry of Religious Affairs estimates there are approximately 30,000 Christians residing in the country, of which the majority are foreigners and about 80% of whom are Roman Catholic. Approximately 7000 Christians are Tunisian Citizens, mostly Anglicans and other
856:
of Muslim-ruled territory occurred progressively over the next few centuries, though this process is not fully understood by historians. Restrictions on church building and demolition of churches in Egypt, along with occasional persecutions such as during the reign of
7905:
In Kabylia people at the turn of the twenty-first century were reportedly converting to Christianity; new churches sprouted up. The deteriorating image of Islam, as violent and socially confining, had apparently persuaded some Berbers to consider an alternative
7716:
3210:
Africans were largely against the Ahmadiyyas; the Ahmadiyyas were the first to translate the Quran into Swahili, and the Sunnis opposed that as well. There was a militarism developed in different groups and movements like the Ahmadiyyas and the
947:
as new missionary activities from Europe started, (Christian evangelists were intimately involved in the colonial process in southern Africa). In the 21st century, they constitute the bulk of the booming Christian community on the continent.
3135:
Within African communities, there were clashes brought on by Christianization. As a religion meant to "colonize the conscience and consciousness of the colonized" Christianity caused disputes even amongst hereditary leaders, such as between
7960:
Mkenda, Festo. "Jesuits, Protestants, and Africa before the Twentieth Century." Encounters between Jesuits and Protestants in Africa, edited by Festo Mkenda and Robert Aleksander Maryks, vol. 13, Brill, LEIDEN; BOSTON, 2018, pp. 11β30.
2840:, developing upon a preexisting Catholic mission which had culminated in the construction of a local church. Jesuit missions functioned similarly in Mozambique and Angola until in 1759 the Society was overcome by Portuguese authority.
10502:
9846:
2621:
period (10th to 12th centuries), Christians likely still constituted a majority of the population, although scholarly estimates on this issue are tentative and vary between authors. Under the reign of the Fatimid Caliph
8841:
2919:, and these immigrants and their descendants mostly left when the countries of the region became independent. As of the last census in Algeria, taken on 1 June 1960, there were 1,050,000 non-Muslim civilians (mostly
12674:
3025:(45,000) converting to Christianity, especially in the rural areas. Many of the converts are baptized secretly in Morocco's churches. Since 1960 a growing number of Moroccan Muslims are converting to Christianity.
11322:
2542:, on non-Muslims, which acted as an economic pressure to convert alongside other social advantages converts could gain in Muslim society. The Catholic church gradually declined along with local Latin dialect.
7713:
7154:
Den Heijer, Johannes; Immerzeel, Mat; Boutros, Naglaa Hamdi D.; Makhoul, Manhal; Pilette, Perrine; Rooijakkers, Tineke (2018). "Christian Art and Culture". In Melikian-Chirvani, Assadullah Souren (ed.).
3323:
stated that "African Christianity was not just an exotic, curious phenomenon in an obscure part of the world, but that African Christianity might be the shape of things to come." The statistics from the
2545:
Historians have considered many theories to explain the decline of Christianity in North Africa, proposing diverse factors such as the recurring internal wars and external invasions in the region during
2366:). At the beginning of the fifth century, no other region of the Roman Empire had as many bishoprics as Northern Africa; when the Vandal king summoned a synod in Carthage, 460 Catholic bishops attended.
11003:
10654:
745:
in the 1st century AD, and in the 21st century the majority of Africans are Christians. Several African Christians influenced the early development of Christianity and shaped its doctrines, including
10795:
3237:
and civilization. The conflicting branches of secularism and religiosity within the Christian schools represents a divergence between the various goals of educational institutions within Africa.
11296:
10706:
5411:
population of the continent. Studies have suggested there are an estimated two hundred million evangelicals and charismatics in Africa. The three countries with more Protestant population are:
3111:
church more than orthodox churches; they gave women the roles of priests and preachers. Members within these churches looked for practices in the Bible that were not overtly condemned, such as
10977:
10332:
9768:
7206:
Al Hakim Bi-Amr Allah (r. 996β1021), however, who became the greatest persecutor of Copts.... within the church that also appears to coincide with a period of forced rapid conversion to Islam
10306:
9794:
9716:
6343:
Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk Eras IV: Proceedings of the 9th and 10th International Colloquium Organized at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in May 2000 and May 2001
8744:
12022:
10951:
581:
11270:
10847:
10506:
9872:
10476:
3119:, they were able to interpret the Bible in their own light. Polygamy was a topic of debate- many literate Africans interpreted it as acceptable because of information contained in the
12069:
12065:
10602:
10528:
10424:
7995:
Engelke, Matthew. "The Book, the Church and the 'Incomprehensible Paradox': Christianity in African History." Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 29, no. 1, 2003, pp. 297β306.
11348:
9850:
10580:
2739:
9280:
10680:
9742:
3219:
This contributed to growth of independent and prophetic Christian mass movements with prophecy, healings, and nationalist church restructuring. For example, the inception of the
11374:
9694:
10821:
10628:
9820:
12061:
2687:
came into power, and the record shows demands made that the local Christians of Tunis convert to Islam. There are reports of Christian inhabitants and a bishop in the city of
2312:. At this time, the Bishop of Alexandria began to be called Pope, as the senior bishop in Egypt. In the middle of the 3rd century the church in Egypt suffered severely in the
10873:
10280:
8849:
10759:
10384:
5898:
is around 202.29 million in 2015, being 35.32 percent of the continent's Christian population. The African Pentecostal population is expected to reach 257 million in 2025.
10732:
9668:
12333:
12052:
10358:
8117:
7714:
http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/morocco#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010®ion_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2013
11326:
11030:
3183:
because of the idea that missionaries were not sharing the power of their faith. They found power in reading these verses and put them into the context of their lives.
2981:. In that wilaya, the proportion of Christians has been estimated to be between 1% and 5%. A 2015 study estimates 380,000 Muslims converted to Christianity in Algeria.
2777:, a title previously held by the archbishop of Carthage, on 19 December 1246 by Innocent IV. The bishopric of Marrakesh continued to exist until the late 16th century.
5586:
3330:(David Barrett) illustrate the emerging trend of dramatic Christian growth on the continent and supposes, that in 2025 there will be 633 million Christians in Africa.
3250:
12048:
12039:
12030:
9642:
5465:
2637:
9184:
Egypt has the Middle East's largest Orthodox population (an estimated 4 million Egyptians, or 5% of the population), mainly members of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
12742:
12026:
2536:
of these regions, as well as the speed at which conversions happened, is a complex subject. Among other rules, the Muslim rulers imposed a special poll tax, the
8712:
12661:
11007:
10903:
5660:
3141:
of other prophets. According to Paul Kollman, teaching from missionaries was up to the interpretation of each person and took different forms when acted upon.
10658:
12654:
12642:
7786:
6493:"In 1900, Christians in Africa represented 2 percent (or 10 million people) of all Christians in the world and about 9 percent of the population of Africa."
12986:
11996:
11766:
7769:
5513:
5303:
3891:
1084:
10799:
8053:
Kollman, Paul. "Classifying African Christianities: Past, Present, and Future: Part One." Journal of Religion in Africa, vol. 40, no. 1, 2010, pp. 3β32.,
3128:
vernacular and literacy. Missionaries largely condemned the controversial African views and worked against leaders branching out. Simon Kimbangu became a
951:
As of 2024, there are an estimated 734 million Christians from all denominations in Africa, up from about 10 million in 1900. In a relatively short time,
892:, but was highly independent and itself spread missionaries throughout the rest of Africa prior to the contact of European Christians with the continent.
10454:
3115:. They also incorporated in their own practices relationships with objects and actions like dancing and chanting. When Africans were able to read in the
2870:
who had attempted to re-establish the mission was killed in 1631. A Franciscan monastery built in 1637 was destroyed in 1659 after the downfall of the
2633:
2570:
in the 7th and 8th centuries CE, who slowly converted to Islam. Other modern historians further recognize that the Christian populations living in the
2021:
11300:
10710:
5316:
Pew projected that 53% of Africa's population would be Christian in 2020. Estimates of Christians on the continent range up to eight hundred million.
10981:
10336:
9376:
2183:
11656:
9772:
12395:
10310:
5917:
2808:
for granting protection to the Christians and requested to allow them to create fortresses along the shores, but the Caliph rejected this request.
1971:
9798:
9720:
8748:
6044:
5882:
571:
10955:
6340:
Brett, Michael (2005). "Population and Conversion to Islam in Egypt in the Mediaeval Period". In Vermeulen, Urbain; Steenbergen, J. Van (eds.).
3312:. A 2015 study estimated 2.1 million Christians in Africa to be from a Muslim background, most of which belonged to some form of Protestantism.
11274:
11218:
10851:
7603:
5798:
5654:
725:
9876:
8382:
7326:
10480:
8937:
5992:
11911:
1229:
11751:
10606:
10532:
10428:
9157:
8331:
Ukah, Asonzeh (6 February 2020). "Chapter 15: Sacred Surplus and Pentecostal Too-Muchness: The Salvation Economy of African Megachurches".
7978:
Mazrui, Ali A. "Religion and Political Culture in Africa." Journal of the American Academy of Religion, vol. 53, no. 4, 1985, pp. 817β839.
7869:
7471:
6466:
1069:
11352:
7498:
12735:
11625:
Maluleke, Tinyiko Sam. "The Quest for Muted Black Voices in History: Some Pertinent Issues in (South) African Mission Historiography" in
11248:
10588:
5876:
5864:
5828:
3021:
urban areas. The majority of Christians in Morocco are foreigners, although some reports states that there is a growing number of native
9272:
8811:
8072:
3245:
955:
has gone from having a majority of followers of indigenous, traditional religions, to being predominantly a continent of Christians and
10684:
9746:
5908:
5834:
5495:
11378:
9702:
8598:
InfluencesβChristian influences in Mauritanian society are limited to the approximately 10,000 foreign nationals living in the country
6772:
6598:
12112:
11771:
11549:
The twentieth century outside Europe : the Americas, the Pacific, Asia, and Africa : the emerging world Christian community
10825:
10632:
9824:
8277:
5624:
5483:
3856:
3315:
Some experts predict the shift of Christianity's center from the European industrialized nations to Africa and Asia in modern times.
2900:
2202:
1089:
12540:
10563:
8781:
12380:
11598:
Bongmba, Elias Kifon. "Writing African Christianity: Perspectives from the History of the Historiography of African Christianity."
10877:
10284:
5642:
5489:
3753:
1590:
11112:
10388:
8919:
8407:
10736:
9672:
7410:
7272:
5923:
5672:
5666:
5630:
5335:
Catholic Church membership rose from 2 million in 1900 to 140 million in 2000. In 2005, the Catholic Church in Africa, including
3398:
980:
11576:
10181:
8534:
7865:
12728:
11688:
10362:
9979:
In the 1990s the New Apostolic Church had almost 300 apostles with 60,000 congregations comprising 16 million members globally.
9616:
5792:
5722:
5648:
2320:. Many Christians fled from the towns into the desert. When the persecution died down, however, some remained in the desert as
2079:
1911:
1864:
1639:
681:
628:
10088:
9094:
9081:
Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has an estimated 36 million adherents, nearly 14% of the world's total Orthodox population.
13076:
12996:
12530:
11661:
11486:
11187:
11075:
11048:
9594:
9561:
9528:
9495:
9462:
9415:
9354:
9010:
8977:
7843:
6971:
6927:
6815:
6386:
By late 1012 the persecution had moved into high gear with demolitions of churches and the forced conversion of Christian ...
6351:
6291:
6176:
6072:
5858:
5774:
5507:
3074:
2863:
2176:
1961:
963:
with traditional beliefs and practices. Christianity is embraced by the majority of the population in most Southern African,
845:
10241:
10211:
10058:
7774:
Converted Moroccans β most of them secret worshippers, of whom there are estimated to be anywhere between 5,000 and 40,000 β
6784:
13061:
12143:
11429:
Southern Africa : a factual portrait of the Christian Church in South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland
10151:
10118:
5846:
5810:
5556:
5373:
2617:
by different Muslim regimes. Islamization was likely slower in Egypt than in other Muslim-controlled regions. Up until the
2016:
881:
state after the expansion of Islam. The Ethiopian church held its own distinct religious customs and a unique canon of the
841:
603:
9646:
9034:
7437:
7353:
6490:
5704:
5580:
5398:
1976:
1871:
837:
566:
11646:
8892:
7380:
7000:"Decapitation of Christians and Muslims in the Medieval Iberian Peninsula: Narratives, Images, Contemporary Perceptions"
6745:"Conversion, Exemption, and Manipulation: Social Benefits and Conversion to Islam in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages"
6239:"Conversion, Exemption, and Manipulation: Social Benefits and Conversion to Islam in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages"
939:
in the late 19th century, these Christian communities and others began to flourish up and down the coast, as well as in
13006:
12619:
10266:
7790:
7447:
7363:
7164:
7078:
5744:
5471:
5367:
2892:
2744:
2363:
1829:
1654:
718:
11603:
9902:
3281:
3194:
and those who did not. These movements took place around 1980, resulting in violent behavior and clashes with police.
13021:
12823:
11786:
11527:
The Great Century In Northern Africa And Asia AD 1800 AD 1914 Volume VI in A history of the expansion of Christianity
8591:
8350:
7927:
7898:
7813:
7750:
7679:
7652:
7577:
7508:
7481:
7390:
7336:
7304:. Unesco. International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of Africa. J. Currey. p. 34.
7282:
7199:
7138:
6653:
6514:
6379:
6204:
5958:
5379:
3994:
3420:
3106:
questioned the order of religious deliverance- would God send a white man to preach? The Kimbanguist church believed
3051:
Some scholars and media reports indicate that there been increasing numbers of conversions to Christianity among the
2896:
2659:
for several centuries after the completion of the Arab conquest by 700. A Christian community is recorded in 1114 in
1981:
1525:
1104:
11417:
Cinnamon, John M. "Missionary expertise, social science, and the uses of ethnographic knowledge in colonial Gabon."
11129:
10929:
10899:
9390:
9196:
3260:
According to a 2006 Pew Forum on Religion and Public life study, 147 million African Christians were "renewalists" (
2626:(r. 96β1021), an exceptional persecution of Christians occurred, This included closing and demolishing churches and
10028:
9951:
9218:
6004:
3887:
3190:, movements were created to arouse Muslims to de-Arabize Islam. There were clashes between people who accepted the
2816:
Another phase of Christianity in Africa began with the arrival of Portuguese in the 15th century. After the end of
2640:
2212:
2169:
2041:
1994:
1839:
638:
23:
12863:
9139:
13149:
9254:
9175:
9072:
9002:
Challenging Orthodoxies: The Social and Cultural Worlds of Early Modern Women: Essays Presented to Hilda L. Smith
5786:
5768:
3179:
church chose portions of the Bible that closely resembled what his church found important. They read portions of
3001:
2993:
2805:
2051:
1759:
1754:
1494:
1436:
373:
9205:
The Coptic Orthodox Church is the main Christian Church in Egypt, where it has between 6 and 11 million members.
8647:
3304:, are also quickly spreading in influence all around the world. There are also fairly widespread populations of
3000:
constitute 14.5% of the population, and the Spanish Morocco was home to 113,000 Catholic settlers. Catholics in
13128:
12630:
12078:
8719:
8181:
See "Ecclesiastical Cartography and the Invisible Continent: The Dictionary of African Christian Biography" at
7695:
7420:
7309:
7091:
7004:
6724:
5822:
5750:
5550:
5185:
3402:
2924:
576:
521:
12166:
11629:
The History of Christian Mission: volume 3" ed by Martha Frederiks and Dorottya Nagy. (Brill, 2021) pp 95β115.
2590:
for defending their Christian faith through dramatic acts of resistance such as refusing to convert to Islam,
12768:
12410:
12303:
12251:
12105:
11826:
11612:
The History of Christian Mission: volume 3" ed by Martha Frederiks and Dorottya Nagy. (Brill, 2021) pp 39β66.
11552:
11150:
10781:
10450:
8185:
8131:
7943:
6665:
Beaver, R. Pierce (June 1936). "The Organization of the Church of Africa on the Eve of the Vandal Invasion".
6025:
5804:
5756:
4237:
3167:
2728:
Another group of Christians who came to North Africa after being deported from Islamic Spain were called the
1719:
1144:
984:
711:
282:
236:
204:
6398:
2289:
13071:
12898:
12137:
11936:
11926:
11731:
8769:
7770:"'House-Churches' and Silent Masses βThe Converted Christians of Morocco Are Praying in Secret β VICE News"
7621:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census | Duane A Miller Botero - Academia.edu"
6082:
6067:
6010:
5902:
5780:
5568:
4885:
3613:
3326:
1575:
1466:
1411:
1254:
1244:
1049:
9437:
7835:
Contours of the World Economy 1β2030 AD:Essays in Macro-Economic History: Essays in Macro-Economic History
6631:
in the 4th century, states that St. Mark came to Egypt in the first or third year of the reign of Emperor
6281:
12873:
12838:
12176:
11941:
11831:
11761:
7021:
6077:
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denominations. The largest church auditorium, Glory Dome, was inaugurated in 2018 with 100,000 seats, in
2587:
2031:
1966:
1916:
1876:
1819:
1384:
1379:
1314:
1259:
1149:
1079:
511:
214:
9556:. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series. Scarecrow Press. p. 9.
7527:, edited by Festo Mkenda and Robert Aleksander Maryks, vol. 13, Brill, LEIDEN; BOSTON, 2018, pp. 11β30.
3069:
13107:
13066:
13041:
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12883:
12853:
12711:
12693:
12001:
11921:
11886:
11871:
11856:
11811:
11746:
11681:
11557:
Meyer, Birgit. "Christianity in Africa: From African independent to Pentecostal-charismatic churches."
7017:
6963:
6919:
6283:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century
5840:
5544:
5361:
4544:
3718:
3157:
2721:
not in communion with the Catholic Church. The community of Tunisian Christians existed in the town of
2595:
2559:
Romans and the Byzantines were unable to completely assimilate the indigenous people like the Berbers.
1896:
1789:
1749:
1729:
1510:
1471:
1456:
1391:
1369:
1344:
1319:
1239:
1204:
1189:
1174:
1129:
1064:
885:. Therefore, the Ethiopian church community is globally unique in that it wasn't Christianised through
9236:
9118:
8953:
2362:, resulting in the promotion of Christianity in Ethiopia (eventually leading to the foundation of the
13046:
13001:
12793:
12450:
12161:
11876:
8304:
8282:
6911:
A History of the Crusades, Volume 1: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
6910:
6627:
6506:
A new look at Christianity in Africa : essays on apartheid, African education, and a new history
5852:
5762:
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2001:
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608:
561:
551:
406:
246:
209:
11210:
7596:
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to permit Lope and Franciscian friars to look after the Christians in those regions. He thanked the
2328:, which over the following years spread from Africa to other parts of the Gohar, and Europe through
13086:
12903:
12888:
12868:
12803:
12778:
12680:
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12555:
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11976:
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11801:
11796:
11776:
11741:
11726:
11544:
11521:
11502:
9055:
8934:
8273:
5979:
5698:
5636:
5574:
5459:
5412:
5053:
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4064:
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3578:
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2406:
2131:
2121:
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2011:
1936:
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1844:
1804:
1799:
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1461:
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1044:
676:
623:
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62:
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12773:
12570:
12455:
12390:
11961:
11931:
11916:
11901:
11891:
11881:
11846:
11841:
11791:
11736:
11711:
11608:
Etherington. Norman. "Recent Trends in the Historiography of Christianity in Southern Africa" in
11509:(A History of The Expansion of Christianity, Volume 5) (1943), Comprehensive scholarly coverage.
8694:
8309:
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1941:
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1199:
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1002:
686:
643:
418:
267:
11439:
World Christianity : South Central Africa : a factual portrait of the Christian church
11400:
8332:
8168:"Gospel Riches, Africa's rapid embrace of prosperity Pentecostalism provokes concern and hope",
7159:. Toronto; Munich: Aga Khan Museum; The Institute of Ismaili Studies; Hirmer. pp. 190β217.
3341:(defined as churches with weekend attendances of at least 2,000) are found in many countries of
13026:
12928:
12848:
12687:
12550:
12510:
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12480:
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12375:
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11966:
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8480:
8151:
7569:
6959:
6312:"Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples β Egypt : Copts of Egypt"
5895:
5713:
5339:, was followed by approximately 135 million of the 809 million people in Africa. In 2009, when
4850:
4643:
4478:
4445:
4202:
4134:
3508:
3309:
3305:
2928:
2862:
The bishopric of Marrakesh continued to exist until the late 16th century and was borne by the
2757:
2571:
2525:
2116:
2096:
2061:
1956:
1946:
1891:
1886:
1814:
1794:
1784:
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1709:
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1329:
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1224:
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1034:
988:
817:
556:
368:
251:
12667:
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9518:
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9452:
9405:
9344:
9000:
8967:
8819:
7833:
6805:
2828:
12991:
12828:
12808:
12500:
11946:
11896:
11851:
11836:
11816:
11806:
11781:
11721:
11674:
11065:
11040:
9975:
Restore the Primitive Church Once More: A Survey of Post Reformation Christian Restorationism
9584:
8870:
8317:
7643:
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At the beginning of the 3rd century the church in Alexandria expanded rapidly, with five new
2101:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2026:
1931:
1849:
1809:
1734:
1704:
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1401:
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1099:
1039:
858:
758:
506:
312:
297:
221:
110:
75:
46:
35:
11572:
11442:
9551:
8676:
8628:
8610:
7561:
7382:
Thirteenth Century England XIV: Proceedings of the Aberystwyth and Lampeter Conference, 2011
6947:
6714:
6635:, i.e. 41 or 43 A.D. "Two Thousand years of Coptic Christianity", Otto F.A. Meinardus, p.28.
2528:, most of the early Muslim caliphs showed little interest in converting the local people to
13102:
13056:
13016:
12698:
12605:
12580:
12425:
12420:
12400:
12370:
12355:
12231:
11956:
11866:
11756:
8516:
6622:
5605:
5253:
5086:
3788:
3683:
3276:, a country that has experienced large conversion to Christianity in recent times. Several
2931:, the Catholic population of Algeria peaked at over one million. Due to the exodus of the
2614:
2414:
2126:
2006:
1901:
1560:
1535:
1530:
1396:
1307:
1274:
1184:
1074:
762:
332:
105:
8789:
8498:
8466:
8448:
6551:
Johnson, Todd M.; Zurlo, Gina A.; Hickman, Albert W.; Crossing, Peter F. (November 2017).
8:
12843:
12648:
12614:
12590:
12560:
12545:
12525:
12515:
12505:
12470:
12465:
12415:
12365:
12340:
12296:
11632:
Maxwell, David. "Writing the history of African Christianity: Reflections of an editor."
10560:
8564:
8031:
8014:
7087:
6428:
Comaroff, Jean; Comaroff, John (1986). "Christianity and Colonialism in South Africa b".
6062:
4678:
4376:
4341:
2599:
2509:
2410:
2390:
2208:
2159:
936:
699:
694:
658:
413:
385:
327:
272:
194:
10010:
9127:
In the early 21st century the church claimed more than 30 million adherents in Ethiopia.
6257:
5970:
There are approximately 97 million Christians in Africa independent from denominations.
2942:
12913:
12600:
12595:
12535:
12485:
12445:
12345:
12281:
12256:
12221:
12191:
12186:
12121:
11586:
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11432:
11109:
9320:
9303:
8916:
8356:
8101:
8054:
8036:
7996:
7979:
7962:
7528:
7111:
7051:
7043:
6871:
6863:
6682:
6572:
6445:
5218:
5150:
4782:
3269:
3206:
was the most important prophet, but not the last- departing from typical Muslim views.
3195:
3186:
In addition to Africanizing Christianity, there were movements to Africanize Islam. In
3033:
2985:
2785:
2770:
2579:
2474:
2378:
833:
774:
438:
431:
322:
317:
302:
187:
115:
11525:
11510:
9273:"Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa β World Council of Churches"
8542:
6836:"The Disappearance of Christianity from North Africa in the Wake of the Rise of Islam"
6491:
https://academic.oup.com/book/32113/chapter-abstract/268045986?redirectedFrom=fulltext
6128:"Rebuilding the broken walls of Zimbabwe with the Church, leadership and followership"
832:
and other socio-economic pressures under Muslim rule, although Christians were widely
13081:
13031:
13011:
12958:
12923:
12858:
12636:
12575:
12520:
12475:
12460:
12440:
12430:
12405:
12350:
12308:
12271:
12246:
12201:
11482:
11459:
11183:
11144:
11071:
11044:
10775:
10173:
9590:
9557:
9524:
9491:
9458:
9411:
9350:
9325:
9093:
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Population Census Commission (4 June 2012).
9042:
9006:
8973:
8972:. Routledge Cultural Heritage and Tourism Series. Taylor & Francis. p. 108.
8587:
8360:
8346:
7966:
7923:
7894:
7839:
7809:
7746:
7675:
7648:
7573:
7562:
7532:
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7477:
7443:
7416:
7386:
7359:
7332:
7305:
7278:
7195:
7160:
7134:
7115:
7103:
7055:
7035:
7030:
6999:
6977:
6967:
6923:
6875:
6855:
6811:
6720:
6649:
6576:
6552:
6520:
6510:
6449:
6375:
6347:
6287:
6200:
6172:
6149:
6127:
5447:
5392:
5340:
4306:
4167:
4099:
3990:
3144:
3095:
3041:
2958:
2684:
2680:
2671:, which would have not been possible had there been an absence of contact with Rome.
2627:
2618:
2610:
2591:
2567:
2563:
2394:
896:
849:
810:
754:
663:
633:
613:
546:
496:
424:
241:
100:
90:
11615:
Hastings, Adrian. "African Christian studies, 1967-1999: Reflections of an editor."
11070:. African Histories and Modernities. Springer International Publishing. p. 49.
9620:
6952:
Christian Martyrs under Islam: Religious Violence and the Making of the Muslim World
6889:
The Disappearance of Christianity from North Africa in the Wake of the Rise of Islam
12943:
12833:
12585:
12490:
12385:
12276:
12261:
12151:
11036:
10080:
9315:
9101:
8338:
8026:
7227:
7095:
7025:
6847:
6674:
6564:
6437:
6253:
6139:
6057:
5453:
4511:
3301:
3045:
2837:
2824:
2774:
2697:
2351:
2309:
964:
928:
870:
648:
541:
292:
164:
95:
9095:"Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results"
7074:
The Martyrs of CΓ³rdoba: Community and Family Conflict in an Age of Mass Conversion
6441:
2935:
in the 1960s, more North African Christians of Berber or Arab descent now live in
18:
12908:
12893:
12813:
12318:
12286:
12241:
12236:
12171:
11476:
11116:
10567:
10555:
10410:
10233:
10203:
10050:
9038:
8941:
8923:
8189:
7720:
7607:
6901:
6538:
6341:
6311:
3316:
3272:
in Egypt, Ethiopia, and Eritrea to the newest African-Christian denominations of
3234:
2762:
2271:
944:
932:
778:
486:
395:
12720:
10143:
10110:
8337:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion, Volume 19. Brill. pp. 323β344.
7523:
Mkenda, Festo. "Jesuits, Protestants, and Africa before the Twentieth Century."
7253:
2766:
2339:
The early 4th century in Egypt began with renewed persecution under the Emperor
13051:
12968:
12818:
12783:
12291:
12266:
12216:
12211:
12206:
9031:
7891:
Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-Expression, 2d ed
6807:
Ancient African Christianity: An Introduction to a Unique Context and Tradition
6785:
Ancient African Christianity: An Introduction to a Unique Context and Tradition
6038:
5181:
3297:
3191:
3161:
3103:
3087:
3079:
3075:
Moses and his Ethiopian wife Zipporah (Mozes en zijn Ethiopische vrouw Sippora)
2989:
2954:
2915:
The growth of Catholicism in the region after the French conquest was built on
2554:
and was still suffering from the aftermath of heresies including the so-called
2547:
2488:
2426:
2275:
2224:
968:
940:
862:
532:
491:
471:
342:
307:
159:
80:
8438:, MinistΓ©rio da Cultura/Instituto Nacional para os Assuntos Religiosos, Luanda
8342:
8255:
13143:
12948:
12156:
10925:
9346:
Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood: A Response to Evangelical Feminism
8413:
7875:
7107:
7039:
6859:
6568:
6153:
4233:
3212:
3120:
2992:
reached about 360,000 or about 4.1% of the population. In 1950, Catholics in
2962:
2871:
2867:
2713:
2647:
There are reports that the Roman Catholic faith persisted in the region from
2355:
2279:
2239:
churches, which were established in the sixth century within the kingdoms of
445:
352:
149:
144:
10411:"Democratic Republic of Congo | Official Free Methodist World Missions"
7612:
6524:
6409:
2820:, the Christian Portuguese and Spanish captured many ports in North Africa.
2712:. These paid the jizyah and had some people of Frankish descent among them.
12953:
12933:
12918:
12798:
12763:
9898:
9329:
7254:"The Last Christians Of North-West Africa: Some Lessons For Orthodox Today"
7099:
5420:
5347:, but there are also millions of members of the Eastern Catholic Churches.
5344:
4948:
4881:
3609:
3320:
3289:
3124:
2832:
2692:
2648:
2533:
2493:
2482:
2466:
2358:
declared Christianity the official religion after having been converted by
2283:
920:
853:
821:
790:
401:
174:
54:
9407:
The Next World War: What Prophecy Reveals about Extreme Islam and the West
6648:(Chapter 8). UNESCO. University of California Press. San Francisco, 1992.
6144:
5427:
3160:
is a religion which started in Benin in the middle of the 20th century by
2704:
hinted at a native Christian community in 14th century in the villages of
979:
make up a significant minority in Egypt. According to a 2018 study by the
12878:
12788:
12313:
11666:
9943:
9056:
On Africa Trip, Pope Will Find Place Where Church Is Surging Amid Travail
8890:
8713:"The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050"
6504:
5998:
5617:
5441:
5343:
visited Africa, it was estimated at 158 million. Most belong to the
5308:
4983:
4267:
3350:
3342:
3261:
3132:, put in a cage because of Western missionaries concern, and died there.
3099:
2817:
2801:
2797:
2781:
2733:
2701:
2551:
2498:
2450:
2446:
2313:
972:
931:, where they would find success in converting prominent local leaders to
900:
866:
516:
476:
461:
347:
287:
231:
11057:
10024:
9490:. The Lawrence Stone Lectures. Princeton University Press. p. 172.
8770:
http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/SAStatistics/SAStatistics2012.pdf
8298:
8058:
8040:
7047:
2827:(Jesuits) began as early as 1548 in various regions of Africa. In 1561,
11620:
9092:
8105:
8000:
7983:
6891:
C. J. Speel, II Church History, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Dec. 1960), pp. 379β397
6867:
6835:
6686:
5939:
4846:
4639:
4540:
4441:
4130:
3714:
3405: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3338:
3277:
3116:
3010:
2978:
2847:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2382:
2374:
2359:
2340:
2220:
960:
912:
908:
889:
878:
770:
746:
456:
3349:, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. They are mostly of
2831:, a Portuguese missionary, managed to baptize Monomotapa, king of the
2586:
multiple times at the hands of Arab Muslim officials and rulers. Many
2266:
by the end of the 2nd century. The churches there were linked to the
12090:
7820:. In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity
7757:. In all an estimated 40,000 Moroccans have converted to Christianity
7232:
7220:"Les dernières communautés chrétiennes autochtones d'Afrique du Nord"
6915:
6599:"Africa overtakes Latin America for the highest Christian population"
5738:
5685:
4573:
3284:
sections have formed throughout much of the continent, including the
3199:
3137:
3022:
2916:
2789:
2691:
around 1150 AD - a significant event, since this city was founded by
2438:
1010:
618:
481:
451:
9586:
For Such a Time as This: Evanston Killings, Election, Ethics Consult
8421:
8203:
7731:
International Religious Freedom Report 2008, U.S Department of State
7620:
6851:
6678:
3380:
2984:
Before the independence in 1956; Morocco was home to half a million
2679:
Local Christians came under pressure when the Muslim regimes of the
2282:, all of them Christian Berbers like Saint Augustine and his mother
12181:
9377:"In Africa, Pope Francis will find religious vibrancy and violence"
8132:"The rapid growth of Christianity in Africa | Catholic Star Herald"
6632:
6603:
Aleteia β Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture
5526:
5249:
5049:
4060:
3922:
3679:
3574:
3346:
3203:
3112:
2923:) in Algeria (10 percent of the total population including 140,000
2729:
2717:
2705:
2688:
2555:
2470:
2434:
2418:
2398:
2344:
2267:
2263:
782:
750:
466:
337:
31:
27:
11651:
11478:
A History of Christianity in Africa: From Antiquity to the Present
8182:
7544:
6981:
6467:"Status of Global Christianity, 2024, in the Context of 1900β2050"
6167:
Agbaw-Ebai, Maurice Ashley; Levering, Matthew (27 December 2021).
2429:) influenced the Christian world outside Africa with responses to
2258:
Christianity also grew in northwestern Africa (today known as the
2207:
Christianity reached Africa first in Egypt around the year 50 AD.
12226:
10762:. Eeccameroun.org. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012
10261:
10259:
9510:
7874:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
7153:
6553:"Christianity 2018: More African Christians and Counting Martyrs"
5115:
4914:
4813:
4743:
4674:
4606:
4372:
4337:
4025:
3819:
3644:
3469:
3358:
3293:
3273:
3220:
3187:
3176:
3149:
3052:
3037:
3029:
3014:
3005:
2997:
2970:
2966:
2855:
2664:
2656:
2518:
2502:
2462:
2402:
2348:
2333:
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2244:
2240:
2228:
2154:
956:
924:
802:
798:
794:
786:
766:
501:
226:
199:
9140:"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church β World Council of Churches"
2369:
In these first few centuries, African Christian leaders such as
2231:
had been translated into three local languages. Christianity in
983:, more Christians live in Africa than any other continent, with
11507:
The Great Century: North Africa and Asia 1800 A.D. to 1914 A.D.
9314:(1). Vlaamse Vereniging voor Obstetrie en Gynaecologie: 33β48.
9255:"Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church β World Council of Churches"
8947:
8422:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"
8204:"Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census"
6539:
Syncretism/Anti-Syncretism: The Politics of Religious Synthesis
5214:
5146:
4778:
4474:
4198:
3504:
3180:
3129:
2974:
2936:
2875:
2722:
2709:
2674:
2370:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2248:
952:
904:
886:
874:
806:
742:
653:
154:
11182:. Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion. Wiley. p. 666.
10256:
9457:. Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion. Wiley. p. 208.
7192:
The Cave Church of Paul the Hermit at the Monastery of St. Pau
2811:
2732:. They were recognised as forming the Moroccan Church by Pope
11169:
11096:
10503:"Church of Christ in Congo β Presbyterian Community of Congo"
7219:
5416:
5017:
4709:
4406:
4302:
4163:
4095:
3957:
3539:
3354:
3207:
3153:
3107:
3091:
3018:
2947:
2668:
2652:
2538:
2529:
2485:
and African literary, dialectical and rhetorical traditions.
2422:
2252:
2236:
2232:
976:
916:
882:
829:
825:
169:
131:
11401:"Statistics and Church Facts | Total Church Membership"
7920:
Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia
7412:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopedia of Islam 1913-1936, Volume 5
7378:
5424:
in Africa are estimated to number more than twenty million.
2700:
forced the Christians and Jews of Tunis to convert in 1159.
2489:
Early Middle Ages: After the Muslim conquest of North Africa
2227:-speaking. By the end of the 2nd century the scriptures and
9543:
8096:
Mazrui, Ali A. "Religion and Political Culture in Africa."
6550:
5082:
4507:
3784:
3300:
missions founded in Africa such as the UD-OLGC, founded by
11119:, etfullgospel.org, Ethiopia, retrieved September 17, 2019
11063:
9523:. Oxford Handbooks. Oxford University Press. p. 512.
9487:
Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther's World and Legacy
5587:
Evangelical Baptist Church of the Central African Republic
3251:
Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and all Africa
11520:
9847:"Church of Christ in Congo β Anglican Community of Congo"
9336:
8893:"2020 Report on International Religious Freedom: Tunisia"
8891:
Office of International Religious Freedom (12 May 2021).
8812:"Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Percentages"
8436:
Panorama das ReligiΓ΅es em Angola Independente (1975β2008)
6415:
5929:
Association of Pentecostal Churches of Rwanda β 1 million
5763:
Church of Christ in CongoβPresbyterian Community of Congo
3215:
movement and clashes between groups with opposing views.
11571:(1986), Global coverage over 19 centuries in 624 pages;
10926:"The Church of Christ in the Sudan among the Tiv (NKST)"
9197:"BBC - Religions - Christianity: Coptic Orthodox Church"
9180:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
9077:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
8816:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
8786:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project
7435:
7351:
5593:
3224:
dozen African states, Western Europe and North America.
9119:"Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church | church, Ethiopia"
8992:
7674:. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. p. 97.
6019:
Church of Christ Light of the Holy Spirit β 1.4 million
2969:. Conversions to Christianity have been most common in
967:, and Central African states and in large parts of the
9295:
9158:"Ethiopia: An outlier in the Orthodox Christian world"
8535:"International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Liberia"
8408:
World's Largest Church Auditorium Dedicated in Nigeria
7180:
attitude toward forced conversion and toward converts.
5661:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia
2903:
churches are works of a Protestant reformation within
789:
became one of the first regions in the world to adopt
8782:"Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers"
7936:
7274:
Latin Expansion in the Medieval Western Mediterranean
5710:
United Methodist Church of Ivory Coast β 1.08 million
5502:
Church of Christ in CongoβAnglican Community of Congo
2988:, mostly Christians. The numbers of the Catholics in
2792:
for the Christians to freely practice their faith at
2630:
to Islam, which brought about a wave of conversions.
12133:
11099:, Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church. Retrieved 9 May 2020
9991:
Kuligin, Victor (2005). "The New Apostolic Church".
9444:
9397:
9237:"Coptic Orthodox Church β World Council of Churches"
8959:
8705:
8586:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 497.
8296:
8073:"What happened in Africa after the pandemic of 1918"
7866:
International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Tunisia
7525:
Encounters between Jesuits and Protestants in Africa
6213:
5514:
Reformed Evangelical Anglican Church of South Africa
5304:
List of Christian denominations by number of members
2769:
and look after the affairs of Christians there. The
2750:
11179:
The Wiley Blackwell Companion to World Christianity
11064:Afolayan, A.; Yacob-Haliso, O.; Falola, T. (2018).
11029:Wariboko, Nimi (2017). "Pentecostalism in Africa".
10174:"South Africa | The Lutheran World Federation"
9516:
7893:. Armenian Research Center collection. p. 75.
6509:. F. J. Verstraelen. Gweru, Zimbabwe: Mambo Press.
6502:
6190:
6188:
6169:
Joseph Ratzinger and the Future of African Theology
3123:- while it was condemned by European Christianity.
959:, even though there is a significant and sustained
9477:
9454:The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to African Religions
8695:"The World Factbook β Central Intelligence Agency"
8677:"The World Factbook β Central Intelligence Agency"
8629:"The World Factbook β Central Intelligence Agency"
8611:"The World Factbook β Central Intelligence Agency"
8565:"The World Factbook β Central Intelligence Agency"
8517:"The World Factbook β Central Intelligence Agency"
8499:"The World Factbook β Central Intelligence Agency"
8481:"The World Factbook β Central Intelligence Agency"
8297:
8015:"Ironies of Christian Presence in Southern Africa"
7270:
7133:. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 161.
6166:
6121:
6119:
6016:Council of African Instituted Churches β 3 million
5694:has 17.08 million members in the whole continent.
12750:
11583:Themes in the Christian history of Central Africa
11004:"United Congregational Church of Southern Africa"
10081:"Madagascar | The Lutheran World Federation"
9849:. Oikoumene.org. 20 December 2003. Archived from
9619:. Anglican-nig.org. 18 April 2007. Archived from
8871:"CIA Site Redirect β Central Intelligence Agency"
8745:"Almost expunged: Somalia's Embattled Christians"
7696:"International Religious Freedom Report for 2015"
7496:
6646:Christian Nubia at the Height of its Civilization
6461:
6459:
3040:, composed of indigenous residents, Tunisians of
2874:. A small Franciscan chapel and monastery in the
13141:
11662:Modern Evangelical African Theologians: A Primer
11497:Encyclopedia of Christianity in the global south
10655:"Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa"
9576:
8584:Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South
7559:
7067:
7065:
6427:
6310:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
6185:
5918:General Council of the Assemblies of God Nigeria
3227:
3036:, mostly Christians. The Christian community in
11175:
11032:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History
10234:"Zimbabwe | The Lutheran World Federation"
10204:"Cameroon | The Lutheran World Federation"
10138:
10136:
10051:"Tanzania | The Lutheran World Federation"
9549:
8956:, Pew Research CenterReligion & Public Life
8645:
8201:
7500:West African Christianity: The Religious Impact
7473:West African Christianity: The Religious Impact
7328:West African Christianity: The Religious Impact
7301:Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century
6116:
6045:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
5883:United Congregational Church of Southern Africa
3102:church emerged. Within the Kimbanguist church,
2773:Lope Fernandez de Ain was made the head of the
2574:between the 7th and 10th centuries CE suffered
572:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
10144:"Namibia | The Lutheran World Federation"
10111:"Nigeria | The Lutheran World Federation"
8917:Zambia - 2010 Census of Population and Housing
7831:
7808:. University of Cambridge Press. p. 253.
7787:"Converted Christians in Morocco Need Prayers"
7745:. University of Cambridge Press. p. 253.
6993:
6991:
6941:
6939:
6716:A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period
6456:
5799:Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa
5655:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa
2235:also spread in the early 1st century, and the
12736:
12106:
11682:
10978:"Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola"
10707:"Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar (FJKM)"
9391:"The phenomenal rise of Christians in Africa"
8245:World Council of Churches Report, August 2004
7806:Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam
7743:Al-Maghred, the Barbary Lion: A Look at Islam
7062:
6948:"Introduction: Christian Martyrs under Islam"
6894:
6372:The Coptic Papacy in Islamic Egypt (641-1517)
6199:. Oxford University Press. pp. 627β628.
5993:Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim
5973:
5690:With over 20 denominations in the continent,
5419:with 48 million (84% of the population), and
3333:
2588:were executed under the Islamic death penalty
2219:in about the year 43. At first the church in
2177:
834:allowed to continue practicing their religion
824:brought pressure on Christians to convert to
719:
11592:
11449:A history of African Christianity, 1950-1975
10796:"Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa"
10133:
9984:
9769:"Province of the Episcopal Church in Rwanda"
9304:"Religious aspects of assisted reproduction"
9301:
9216:
7944:"The Perilous Path from Muslim to Christian"
7870:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
7503:. Macmillan International Higher Education.
7469:
7324:
6374:. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 54.
3058:
2878:of the city existed until the 18th century.
2675:High Middle Ages: Decline and first missions
844:(which separated from each other during the
11323:"Church of Christ Light of the Holy Spirit"
10025:"Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus"
9342:
9176:"Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century"
9073:"Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century"
8886:
8884:
8469:. CIA The World Factbook. 17 February 2022.
8459:
8098:Journal of the American Academy of Religion
7379:Olga Cecilia MΓ©ndez GonzΓ‘lez (April 2013).
6988:
6936:
6022:African Church of the Holy Spirit β 700,000
5952:
5877:Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola
5865:Church of Christ in the Sudan Among the Tiv
5829:Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (NGK)
5415:with 60 million (37.7% of the population),
2812:Early Modern Age: Jesuit missions in Africa
2755:In June 1225, Honorius III issued the bull
2303: Spread of Christianity to AD 600
2297: Spread of Christianity to AD 325
899:traders and missionaries began arriving in
12743:
12729:
12113:
12099:
11696:
11689:
11675:
11647:BBC - The Story of Africa and Christianity
11132:. Archived from the original on 2019-03-08
9966:
9795:"Church of the Province of Central Africa"
8581:
8202:Johnstone, Patrick; Miller, Duane (2015).
6810:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 321β349.
6557:International Bulletin of Mission Research
6369:
6305:
6303:
5835:Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa
5620:in Africa represent 24.13 million people.
2716:Christians continued to live in Tunis and
2196:
2184:
2170:
793:as its official religion, followed by the
726:
712:
61:
11208:
11108:Ethiopian Full Gospel Believers' Church,
10757:
9589:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 35.
9520:The Oxford Handbook of Ecumenical Studies
9319:
8998:
8030:
7712:Pew-Templeton β Global Religious Futures
7601:, Radio France Internationale, 7 mai 2001
7231:
7128:
7029:
6742:
6719:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6712:
6236:
6143:
5965:
5625:Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus
5466:Episcopal Church of South Sudan and Sudan
3432:
3421:Learn how and when to remove this message
2823:Missionary expeditions undertaken by the
2203:Christianity in the Roman Africa province
11297:"Council of African Instituted Churches"
11271:"Church of the Lord (Aladura) Worldwide"
11028:
10333:"United Methodist Church of Ivory Coast"
9048:
8928:
8881:
8380:
8130:Canaris, Michael M. (13 December 2018).
7917:
7669:
7665:
7663:
7661:
7439:Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain
7355:Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain
7131:Middle East, Region in Transition: Egypt
7071:
6900:
6125:
5643:The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria
5490:Church of the Province of Central Africa
5426:
5307:
3364:
3244:
3166:
3143:
3068:
2941:
2846:
2738:
2632:
2508:
2492:
2288:
17:
11475:Isichei, Elizabeth (22 February 1995).
11474:
11215:Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
10900:"Evangelical Reformed Church of Angola"
9990:
9938:
9936:
9934:
9932:
9930:
9928:
9926:
9924:
9922:
9920:
9873:"Church of the Province of West Africa"
9450:
9410:. Crown Publishing Group. p. 106.
9403:
8969:Cultural Heritage and Tourism in Africa
8965:
8129:
8070:
8012:
7946:. The National Interest. 12 June 2021.
7644:Migration and development co-operation.
7555:
7553:
7436:Ibben Fonnesberg-Schmidt (2013-09-10).
7352:Ibben Fonnesberg-Schmidt (2013-09-10).
7247:
7245:
7243:
7217:
6803:
6421:
6300:
6279:
6219:
5924:Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa
5909:Ethiopian Full Gospel Believers' Church
5732:
5728:Free Methodist church in Congoβ 110,000
5673:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe
5667:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Cameroon
5631:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania
5431:Largest Protestant traditions in Africa
2572:lands invaded by the Arab Muslim armies
861:(996β1021), put additional pressure on
13142:
12120:
11041:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.120
10848:"Reformed Church of Christ in Nigeria"
9993:Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology
9517:Wainwright, G.; McPartlan, P. (2021).
7859:
7803:
7740:
7405:
7403:
7189:
6997:
6945:
6664:
6658:
5793:Evangelical Presbyterian Church, Ghana
5723:The United Methodist Church in Liberia
5649:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia
12997:Australian Baptist Missionary Society
12724:
12094:
11670:
11251:from the original on 15 February 2018
11067:Pentecostalism and Politics in Africa
10556:Operation World: 21st Century Edition
10553:Patrick Johnstone and Jason Mandryk,
10307:"Methodist Church of Southern Africa"
10031:from the original on 11 February 2017
9972:
9944:"Baptist World Alliance - Statistics"
9483:
9302:Sallam, HN; Sallam, NH (2016-03-03).
9005:. Taylor & Francis. p. 138.
8768:StatsSA National Census results 2012
8449:"Religions in Eritrea | PEW-GRF"
8383:"Rise of Mega Churches in Sub Sahara"
8381:Maccotta, Lorenzo (7 December 2019).
8272:
8100:, vol. 53, no. 4, 1985, pp. 817β839.
7888:
7658:
7429:
7297:
7218:Prevost, Virginie (1 December 2007).
7122:
6833:
6829:
6827:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6738:
6736:
6596:
6503:Verstraelen-Gilhuis, Gerdien (1992).
6472:. Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary
6346:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 1β32.
6339:
6286:. Pearson/Longman. pp. 199β201.
6073:Christian mysticism in ancient Africa
5859:Evangelical Reformed Church in Angola
5775:Church of Central Africa Presbyterian
5594:Catholic Apostolic Church (Irvingism)
5508:Church of the Province of West Africa
5355:
5312:Christianity largest groups in Africa
3452:
3449:
3446:
3443:
2891:The Orthodox Tewahedo split into the
2886:
838:Eastern Orthodox Church of Alexandria
13062:Paris Evangelical Missionary Society
12144:Traditional African religions portal
11241:"Redemption Camp | Armin Rosen"
11221:from the original on 26 October 2014
10457:from the original on 26 October 2014
10425:"Presbyterian Church of East Africa"
10244:from the original on 19 October 2016
10214:from the original on 18 October 2016
9917:
9717:"Anglican Church of Southern Africa"
9582:
9550:Yrigoyen, C.; Warrick, S.E. (2013).
9219:"Who are Egypt's Coptic Christians?"
8944:, Pew Research, Washington DC (2012)
8834:
8410:, charismanews.com, December 7, 2018
8330:
8324:
8318:participating institution membership
8120:Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary,
7832:Angus Maddison (20 September 2007).
7641:De Azevedo, Raimondo Cagiano (1994)
7550:
7372:
7251:
7240:
7147:
6701:How Africa shaped the Christian Mind
6365:
6363:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6309:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6194:
5847:Christian Reformed Church of Nigeria
5811:Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar
5557:Baptist Community of the Congo River
5386:
5374:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
3403:adding citations to reliable sources
3374:
3090:, "Christians of northern Africaβof
842:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
11581:Ranger, T.O. and John Weller, eds.
11456:Church and mission in modern Africa
11451:(Cambridge University Press, 1979).
11349:"African Church of the Holy Spirit"
11164:Meserete Kristos College Newsletter
10932:from the original on 25 August 2011
9283:from the original on 6 October 2019
8541:. November 17, 2010. Archived from
8278:"The good and bad of religion-lite"
8156:Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary
7400:
7072:Trombley, Frank R. (Winter 1996). "
6258:10.1553/medievalworlds_no6_2017s196
6197:The Oxford Handbook of Ecclesiology
5719:Methodist Church in Kenya β 500,000
5705:Methodist Church of Southern Africa
5581:Union of Baptist Churches in Rwanda
5399:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria
3175:David Adamo, a Nigerian within the
2592:repudiation of the Islamic religion
2324:to pray. This was the beginning of
981:GordonβConwell Theological Seminary
567:Members Church of God International
13:
11411:
11176:Sanneh, L.; McClymond, M. (2016).
10906:from the original on 14 March 2018
10581:"Presbyterian Church of the Sudan"
10184:from the original on 9 August 2016
9553:Historical Dictionary of Methodism
9308:Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn
8818:. 18 December 2012. Archived from
8788:. 18 December 2012. Archived from
8419:
7618:
7564:Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia
7497:Kevin Shillington (January 1995).
7079:Journal of Early Christian Studies
6824:
6790:
6733:
5745:Presbyterian Church of East Africa
5472:Anglican Church of Southern Africa
5368:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
2893:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
2745:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
2364:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1009:
14:
13161:
13022:Christian and Missionary Alliance
11640:
11130:"About Assemblies of God Nigeria"
10603:"Presbyterian Church in Cameroon"
10529:"Presbyterian Church of Cameroon"
9954:from the original on 18 June 2016
9905:from the original on 20 June 2014
8648:"Nigeria Round 5 codebook (2012)"
8539:United States Department of State
8019:Journal for the Study of Religion
7271:Eleanor A. Congdon (2016-12-05).
7224:Revue de l'histoire des religions
6787:By David E. Wilhite, page 332-334
6360:
6328:
6264:
6225:
6032:
5978:60 million people are members of
5959:Evangelical church of west africa
5889:
5380:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
5324:
3249:Archdioceses and Dioceses of the
3240:
3028:Before the independence in 1956;
2897:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
2761:that permitted two friars of the
2751:First missions to Northern Africa
12675:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
12396:Democratic Republic of the Congo
12136:
11997:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
11767:Democratic Republic of the Congo
11499:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2018)
11393:
11367:
11341:
11315:
11289:
11263:
11233:
11202:
11157:
11122:
11102:
11090:
11022:
10996:
10970:
10944:
10918:
10892:
10866:
10840:
10814:
10788:
10751:
10725:
10699:
10673:
10647:
10621:
10595:
10573:
10547:
10521:
10495:
10469:
10451:"Presbyterian Church of Nigeria"
10443:
10417:
10403:
10377:
10351:
10325:
10299:
10273:
10226:
10196:
10166:
10154:from the original on 1 July 2016
10103:
10091:from the original on 1 July 2016
10073:
10061:from the original on 1 July 2016
10043:
10017:
10003:
9891:
9865:
9839:
9813:
9787:
9761:
9735:
9709:
9687:
9661:
9635:
9609:
9430:
9383:
9369:
9265:
9247:
9229:
9210:
9189:
9168:
9150:
9132:
9111:
9086:
9065:
9025:
8935:Religious composition by country
8910:
8863:
8804:
8774:
8762:
8737:
8687:
8669:
8639:
8621:
8032:10.17159/2413-3027/2018/v31n2a10
7031:10.2307/complitstudies.45.2.0137
6998:Fierro, Maribel (January 2008).
6537:Rosalind Shaw, Charles Stewart,
6095:
6005:Redeemed Christian Church of God
5405:
5297:
5242:
5207:
5174:
5139:
5108:
5075:
5042:
5010:
4976:
4941:
4907:
4874:
4839:
4806:
4771:
4736:
4702:
4667:
4632:
4599:
4566:
4533:
4500:
4467:
4434:
4399:
4365:
4330:
4295:
4260:
4226:
4191:
4156:
4123:
4088:
4053:
4018:
3983:
3950:
3915:
3880:
3845:
3812:
3777:
3742:
3707:
3672:
3637:
3602:
3567:
3532:
3497:
3462:
3379:
2917:European colonizers and settlers
2800:asked emirs of Tunis, Ceuta and
2780:The medieval Moroccan historian
2600:blasphemy towards Muslim beliefs
2497:Reconstruction of a church from
2153:
1972:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1085:Democratic Republic of the Congo
693:
11569:A History of Christian Missions
11466:The Church in Africa, 1450β1950
11377:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
11375:"African Israel Nineveh Church"
11351:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
11325:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
11299:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
11273:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
11006:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10980:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10954:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10902:. Oikoumene.org. January 1995.
10876:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10850:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10824:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10798:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10735:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10709:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10683:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10681:"Presbyterian Church in Rwanda"
10657:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10631:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10605:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10531:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10505:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10479:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10477:"Presbyterian Church of Africa"
10453:. Oikoumene.org. January 1961.
10427:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10387:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10361:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10335:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10309:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10283:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
10267:"Resource: More Methodist Maps"
10121:from the original on 9 May 2016
9875:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
9823:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
9797:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
9771:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
9745:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
9719:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
9695:"Episcopal Church of the Sudan"
9671:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
9645:. Oikoumene.org. Archived from
8603:
8575:
8557:
8527:
8509:
8491:
8473:
8441:
8428:
8400:
8374:
8290:
8266:
8248:
8239:
8232:"Historian Ahead of His Time",
8226:
8195:
8183:http://www.dacb.org/xnmaps.html
8175:
8162:
8144:
8123:
8111:
8090:
8071:Jenkins, Philip (29 May 2020).
8064:
8047:
8006:
7989:
7972:
7954:
7911:
7882:
7825:
7797:
7779:
7762:
7734:
7725:
7706:
7688:
7635:
7586:
7545:http://www.africanchristian.org
7538:
7517:
7490:
7463:
7345:
7318:
7291:
7264:
7211:
7183:
7173:
6882:
6778:
6766:
6706:
6693:
6638:
6616:
6590:
6544:
6531:
6496:
6484:
6391:
6126:Tagwirei, Kimion (2024-02-27).
5787:Presbyterian Church in Cameroon
5769:Presbyterian Church of Cameroon
3456:GDP/Capita PPP World Bank 2012
3390:needs additional citations for
3002:Spanish protectorate in Morocco
2994:Spanish protectorate in Morocco
2881:
2784:stated that the Almohad caliph
2562:Some historians remark how the
2262:), reaching the region around
830:taxation imposed on non-Muslims
13129:Timeline of Christian missions
11481:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
10629:"Presbyterian Church of Ghana"
9977:. Kachere Series. p. 14.
9343:Piper, J.; Grudem, W. (2006).
9217:Matt Rehbein (10 April 2017).
8999:Zook, M.S.; Haude, S. (2016).
8954:The Global Catholic Population
8453:www.globalreligiousfutures.org
7568:. New York: Garland. pp.
7092:Johns Hopkins University Press
7005:Comparative Literature Studies
6946:Sahner, Christian C. (2020) .
6416:Latourette, Kenneth Scott 1944
6160:
5823:Evangelical Church of Cameroon
5751:Presbyterian Church of Nigeria
5612:
5551:Baptist Convention of Tanzania
5435:
5319:
3270:Oriental Orthodox Christianity
2910:
2767:establish a mission in Morocco
2643:with a black African attendant
577:The New Church (Swedenborgian)
522:Nondenominational Christianity
1:
12751:Protestant missions to Africa
12304:Traditional African religions
11634:Journal of religion in Africa
11617:Journal of religion in Africa
11559:Annual Review of Anthropology
10952:"Evangelical Church of Congo"
9973:Nyika, Felix Chimera (2008).
9743:"Anglican Church of Tanzania"
8118:Status of Global Christianity
6597:Mauro, J.-P. (24 July 2018).
6442:10.1525/ae.1986.13.1.02a00010
6171:. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
6109:
6026:African Israel Church Nineveh
5933:
5805:Presbyterian Church in Rwanda
5757:Presbyterian Church of Africa
3888:Congo, Democratic Republic of
3228:Christian education in Africa
3162:Samuel Joseph BilΓ©ou Oschoffa
2473:and biblical interpretation,
12899:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
11211:"African Initiated Churches"
10822:"Lesotho Evangelical Church"
9821:"Anglican Church of Burundi"
8747:. 2009-10-22. Archived from
8646:Dominique Lewis (May 2013).
7647:. Council of Europe. p. 25.
7129:Etheredge, Laura S. (2011).
6083:Traditional African religion
6068:Christianity and colonialism
6011:Church of the Lord (Aladura)
5903:Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church
5781:Presbyterian Church in Sudan
5679:
5569:Baptist Convention of Malawi
5350:
3327:World Christian Encyclopedia
2946:Roman Catholic Cathedral of
2765:named Dominic and Martin to
2596:reconversion to Christianity
582:Unitarians and Universalists
7:
12839:Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt
12456:Ivory Coast (CΓ΄te d'Ivoire)
12177:Traditional Berber religion
10874:"Reformed Church in Zambia"
10385:"Methodist Church in Kenya"
9438:"Protestant Countries 2022"
7838:. OUP Oxford. p. 214.
7470:Lamin Sanneh (2015-03-24).
7236:– via rhr.revues.org.
7022:Penn State University Press
7014:Al-Andalus and Its Legacies
6773:Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten
6078:Roman Catholicism in Africa
6051:
5871:Evangelical Church of Congo
5563:Baptist Convention of Kenya
5533:Nigerian Baptist Convention
5520:
5478:Anglican Church of Tanzania
3302:Evangelist Dag Heward-Mills
3148:"Spiritual headwashing" in
10:
13166:
13108:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
13067:Rhenish Missionary Society
13042:Livingstone Inland Mission
13037:Finnish Missionary Society
12854:Christian Ignatius Latrobe
12712:African diaspora religions
10281:"Methodist Church Nigeria"
10027:. News and Events. EECMY.
9669:"Anglican Church of Kenya"
8013:Masondo, Sibusiso (2018).
7670:F. Nyrop, Richard (1972).
7258:www.orthodoxengland.org.uk
7018:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
6964:Princeton University Press
6920:Cambridge University Press
6804:Wilhite, David E. (2017).
6036:
5980:African-initiated churches
5974:African-initiated churches
5937:
5841:Lesotho Evangelical Church
5736:
5683:
5597:
5545:Baptist Community of Congo
5524:
5496:Anglican Church of Burundi
5439:
5390:
5362:Oriental Orthodox Churches
5359:
5328:
5301:
3368:
3334:The rise of the megachurch
3296:churches in Nigeria. Some
3158:Celestial Church of Christ
3062:
2786:Abu al-Ala Idris al-Ma'mun
2200:
994:
895:In the late 15th century,
852:survived Muslim invasion.
777:. In the 4th century, the
13116:
13095:
13047:London Missionary Society
13002:Berlin Missionary Society
12977:
12756:
12708:
12613:
12332:
12162:Ancient Egyptian religion
12128:
12010:
11985:
11704:
11593:Historiography and memory
11545:Latourette, Kenneth Scott
11522:Latourette, Kenneth Scott
11503:Latourette, Kenneth Scott
11149:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
10780:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
10733:"United Church of Zambia"
9899:"South African Christian"
9349:. Crossway. p. 421.
8582:A. Lamport, Mark (2021).
8343:10.1163/9789004412927_017
8305:Oxford English Dictionary
8283:The Sydney Morning Herald
7889:Nisan, Mordechai (2015).
7672:Area Handbook for Morocco
7560:Cook, Bernard A. (2001).
7194:. Yale University Press.
7157:The World of the Fatimids
6906:"The Reign of Antichrist"
6743:Simonsohn, Uriel (2017).
6713:Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987).
6370:N. Swanson, Mark (2010).
6280:Kennedy, Hugh N. (2004).
6237:Simonsohn, Uriel (2017).
5853:Reformed Church in Zambia
5600:Catholic Apostolic Church
5484:Anglican Church of Rwanda
5337:Eastern Catholic Churches
5331:Catholic Church in Africa
3059:Africanizing Christianity
2939:than in Greater Maghreb.
2469:translations, methods of
13087:Wycliffe Global Alliance
12869:Alexander Murdoch Mackay
12804:Daniel Kumler Flickinger
12381:Central African Republic
11752:Central African Republic
11657:African Christianity Faq
11602:23.3-4 (2016): 275-312.
10359:"Methodist Church Ghana"
8334:Handbook of Megachurches
7949:an astounding 6,500,000.
7922:. ABC-CLIO. p. 56.
7190:Lyster, William (2013).
6569:10.1177/2396939317739833
6088:
5953:Other evangelical groups
5699:Methodist Church Nigeria
5637:Malagasy Lutheran Church
5575:Ghana Baptist Convention
5460:Anglican Church of Kenya
3750:Central African Republic
3065:African-initiated church
2725:up to the 18th century.
2607:Muslim conquest of Egypt
2461:), understanding of the
2251:were linked to those of
2217:Alexandrian Patriarchate
1070:Central African Republic
850:Orthodox Tewahedo Church
12939:John McKendree Springer
12774:Frederick Stanley Arnot
11698:Christianity in Africa
11636:36.3-4 (2006): 379-399.
10566:31 January 2011 at the
9123:Encyclopedia Britannica
8310:Oxford University Press
7918:A. Shoup, John (2011).
7599:Christianity in Kabylie
5946:Meserete Kristos Church
5817:United Church in Zambia
5692:World Methodist Council
5539:Baptist Union of Uganda
4753:74,400,000-107,000,000
3435:Christianity by country
3371:Christianity by country
3286:Nazareth Baptist Church
3233:and values inherent to
3171:Christianity by country
2197:Antiquity: Early Church
2160:Christianity portal
1003:Christianity by country
935:. During and after the
873:was the only region of
38:in the shape of a cross
13150:Christianity in Africa
13124:Christianity in Africa
13027:Church Mission Society
12944:Marion Scott Stevenson
12929:William Henry Sheppard
12849:Margaret Nicholl Laird
9451:Bongmba, E.K. (2012).
9404:Jeffrey, G.R. (2008).
9032:The Catholic Explosion
8966:Timothy, D.J. (2023).
8897:US Department of State
8467:"Africa :: GABON"
8434:Viegas, FΓ‘tima (2008)
8152:"African Christianity"
7100:10.1353/earl.1996.0079
6960:Woodstock, Oxfordshire
6775:By Heinz Halm, page 99
6628:Ecclesiastical History
5966:Other Christian groups
5896:Pentecostal Christians
5714:Methodist Church Ghana
5432:
5313:
3306:Seventh-day Adventists
3253:
3172:
3164:
3083:
2961:and 50,000 to 100,000
2950:
2905:Ethiopian Christianity
2859:
2788:had built a church in
2758:Vineae Domini custodes
2747:
2696:conquest. The Almohad
2644:
2521:
2506:
2453:, and the idea of the
2305:
1640:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1014:
739:Christianity in Africa
39:
24:Church of Saint George
12992:Africa Inland Mission
12829:Joseph Crane Hartzell
12809:Joseph Jackson Fuller
12541:SΓ£o TomΓ© and PrΓncipe
12531:Republic of the Congo
11912:SΓ£o TomΓ© and PrΓncipe
11772:Republic of the Congo
11627:Critical Readings in
11610:Critical Readings in
11600:Religion and Theology
11495:Lamport, Mark A. ed.
10559:(Paternoster, 2001),
10238:www.lutheranworld.org
10208:www.lutheranworld.org
10178:www.lutheranworld.org
10148:www.lutheranworld.org
10115:www.lutheranworld.org
10085:www.lutheranworld.org
10055:www.lutheranworld.org
9901:. Sachristian.co.za.
8276:(February 23, 2006).
8077:The Christian Century
7967:10.1163/j.ctvbqs62t.4
7872:(November 17, 2010).
7793:on February 21, 2013.
7533:10.1163/j.ctvbqs62t.4
7325:Lamin Sanneh (2012).
7252:Phillips, Fr Andrew.
6956:Princeton, New Jersey
6834:Speel, C. J. (1960).
6399:"HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA"
6145:10.4102/ve.v45i1.3054
5987:Zion Christian Church
5430:
5311:
3365:Statistics by country
3248:
3198:, the founder of the
3170:
3147:
3072:
2945:
2864:suffragans of Seville
2850:
2742:
2651:(present-day western
2636:
2576:religious persecution
2512:
2501:, the capital of the
2496:
2459:Library of Alexandria
2326:Christian monasticism
2292:
1962:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1230:SΓ£o TomΓ© and PrΓncipe
1090:Republic of the Congo
1013:
759:Clement of Alexandria
21:
13103:Slave Trade Act 1807
13057:Mission to the World
13017:Congo-Balolo Mission
11619:30#1 (2000): 30-44.
11561:33 (2004): 447-474.
11421:33 (2006): 413-432.
10854:on 21 September 2012
9649:on February 12, 2008
9623:on 27 September 2007
8842:"The World Factbook"
8545:on November 23, 2010
7804:Carnes, Nat (2012).
7741:Carnes, Nat (2012).
7547:African Christianity
7298:Hrbek, Ivan (1992).
6623:Eusebius of Caesarea
6430:American Ethnologist
5733:Reformed (Calvinism)
5606:New Apostolic Church
3399:improve this article
3202:sect, believed that
3032:was home to 255,000
2973:, especially in the
2310:suffragan bishoprics
1591:United Arab Emirates
985:Latin America second
763:Origen of Alexandria
419:Independent Catholic
12844:Johann Ludwig Krapf
12297:Serer creation myth
11987:States with limited
11468:(Clarendon, 1995).
11355:on 9 September 2011
11166:(December 2014): 3.
11110:Overview of EMWACDO
10713:on 5 September 2011
10661:on 4 September 2011
10509:on 6 September 2011
10483:on 4 September 2011
10431:on 5 September 2011
10339:on 4 September 2011
9827:on 5 September 2011
9775:on 4 September 2011
9749:on 6 September 2011
9617:"Church of Nigeria"
9583:Vaux, K.L. (2013).
9379:. 24 November 2015.
9182:. 8 November 2017.
9164:. 28 November 2017.
9162:Pew Research Center
9125:. 23 January 2024.
9079:. 8 November 2017.
8877:. 22 February 2022.
8792:on 21 December 2012
8701:. 22 February 2022.
8683:. 14 February 2022.
8635:. 22 February 2022.
8617:. 18 February 2022.
8571:. 22 February 2022.
8523:. 17 February 2022.
8505:. 17 February 2022.
8487:. 17 February 2022.
8308:(Online ed.).
8260:www.USAChurches.org
7700:2009-2017.state.gov
7088:Baltimore, Maryland
6418:, pp. 301β464.
6195:Avis, Paul (2018).
6063:Afrikaner Calvinism
3437:
3310:Jehovah's Witnesses
2829:Gonçalo da Silveira
2475:ecumenical councils
2413:(along with rivals
2209:Mark the Evangelist
1977:Trinidad and Tobago
1872:Antigua and Barbuda
937:Scramble for Africa
848:) in Egypt and the
846:Chalcedonian Schism
700:Christianity portal
557:Jehovah's Witnesses
237:History of theology
12914:Orishatukeh Faduma
12282:Malagasy mythology
12192:Bushongo mythology
12122:Religion in Africa
11447:Hastings, Adrian.
11437:Froise, Marjorie.
11427:Froise, Marjorie.
11115:2019-09-20 at the
10760:"Qui sommes-nous?"
9643:"Church of Uganda"
9484:Roper, L. (2023).
9045:, 11 November 2011
9037:2011-11-14 at the
8940:2018-02-19 at the
8922:2016-01-30 at the
8234:Christianity Today
8188:2010-01-21 at the
8170:Christianity Today
7719:2022-10-14 at the
7606:2019-04-04 at the
6922:. pp. 20β37.
6132:Verbum et Ecclesia
5999:Kimbanguist Church
5894:The population of
5433:
5356:Oriental Orthodoxy
5314:
4891:619,000-1,294,000
3853:Congo, Republic of
3433:
3345:Africa, including
3254:
3196:Mirza Ghulam Ahmed
3173:
3165:
3084:
2951:
2887:The horn of Africa
2860:
2748:
2645:
2580:religious violence
2552:monastic tradition
2522:
2515:Our Lady of Africa
2507:
2316:under the Emperor
2306:
1912:Dominican Republic
1015:
775:Augustine of Hippo
439:Church of the East
303:Early Christianity
40:
13137:
13136:
13082:WEC International
13032:Echoes of Service
13012:BMS World Mission
12959:John Denys Taylor
12924:Heinrich Schmelen
12859:David Livingstone
12824:Joseph Hardcastle
12718:
12717:
12624:other territories
12411:Equatorial Guinea
12309:Tumbuka mythology
12272:Lugbara mythology
12257:Khoe/San religion
12202:Dahomean religion
12088:
12087:
12014:other territories
11787:Equatorial Guinea
11652:African Christian
11488:978-1-4674-2081-5
11464:Hastings Adrian.
11454:Hastings Adrian.
11419:History in Africa
11189:978-1-118-55604-7
11077:978-3-319-74911-2
11050:978-0-19-027773-4
10828:on 7 October 2012
10585:www.oikoumene.org
10011:"Member Churches"
9699:www.oikoumene.org
9596:978-1-62189-812-2
9563:978-0-8108-7894-5
9530:978-0-19-960084-7
9497:978-0-691-20532-8
9464:978-1-118-25554-4
9417:978-0-307-44619-0
9393:. 3 January 2012.
9356:978-1-4335-1918-5
9277:www.oikoumene.org
9259:www.oikoumene.org
9241:www.oikoumene.org
9144:www.oikoumene.org
9054:Rachel Donadio, "
9043:Zenit News Agency
9012:978-1-317-16875-1
8979:978-1-000-83438-3
8822:on 1 January 2013
8420:Miller, Duane A.
8406:Taylor Berglund,
8316:(Subscription or
8158:. March 18, 2020.
7845:978-0-19-922721-1
7772:. 23 March 2015.
7619:Miller, Duane A.
6973:978-0-691-17910-0
6966:. pp. 1β28.
6929:978-0-521-34770-9
6817:978-1-135-12142-6
6353:978-90-429-1524-4
6293:978-0-582-40525-7
6178:978-1-6667-0360-3
5448:Church of Nigeria
5393:Eastern Orthodoxy
5387:Eastern Orthodoxy
5341:Pope Benedict XVI
5295:
5294:
3991:Equatorial Guinea
3431:
3430:
3423:
2838:old Kongo Kingdom
2771:bishop of Morocco
2655:) to present-day
2628:forced conversion
2611:Coptic Christians
2568:Berber Christians
2564:Umayyad Caliphate
2395:Didymus the Blind
2387:Marius Victorinus
2211:became the first
2194:
2193:
1497:
1105:Equatorial Guinea
977:Coptic Christians
965:Southeast African
927:and later in the
818:Islamic conquests
736:
735:
589:
588:
562:Latter Day Saints
547:Iglesia ni Cristo
512:United Protestant
497:Plymouth Brethren
432:Oriental Orthodox
13157:
12864:Mary Livingstone
12834:Johannes Ittmann
12769:William Anderson
12745:
12738:
12731:
12722:
12721:
12334:Sovereign states
12277:Maasai mythology
12262:Lotuko mythology
12152:Akamba mythology
12146:
12141:
12140:
12115:
12108:
12101:
12092:
12091:
12075:
12074:(United Kingdom)
12070:Tristan da Cunha
12066:Ascension Island
12058:
12045:
12036:
12012:Dependencies and
11705:Sovereign states
11691:
11684:
11677:
11668:
11667:
11567:Neill, Stephen.
11538:
11536:
11534:
11511:full text online
11492:
11405:
11404:
11397:
11391:
11390:
11388:
11386:
11371:
11365:
11364:
11362:
11360:
11345:
11339:
11338:
11336:
11334:
11319:
11313:
11312:
11310:
11308:
11293:
11287:
11286:
11284:
11282:
11267:
11261:
11260:
11258:
11256:
11247:. January 2018.
11237:
11231:
11230:
11228:
11226:
11206:
11200:
11199:
11197:
11196:
11173:
11167:
11161:
11155:
11154:
11148:
11140:
11138:
11137:
11126:
11120:
11106:
11100:
11094:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11084:
11061:
11055:
11054:
11026:
11020:
11019:
11017:
11015:
11000:
10994:
10993:
10991:
10989:
10974:
10968:
10967:
10965:
10963:
10948:
10942:
10941:
10939:
10937:
10922:
10916:
10915:
10913:
10911:
10896:
10890:
10889:
10887:
10885:
10870:
10864:
10863:
10861:
10859:
10844:
10838:
10837:
10835:
10833:
10818:
10812:
10811:
10809:
10807:
10792:
10786:
10785:
10779:
10771:
10769:
10767:
10755:
10749:
10748:
10746:
10744:
10729:
10723:
10722:
10720:
10718:
10703:
10697:
10696:
10694:
10692:
10677:
10671:
10670:
10668:
10666:
10651:
10645:
10644:
10642:
10640:
10625:
10619:
10618:
10616:
10614:
10599:
10593:
10592:
10587:. Archived from
10577:
10571:
10551:
10545:
10544:
10542:
10540:
10525:
10519:
10518:
10516:
10514:
10499:
10493:
10492:
10490:
10488:
10473:
10467:
10466:
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10462:
10447:
10441:
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10436:
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10414:
10407:
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10400:
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10396:
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10355:
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10296:
10294:
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10271:
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10263:
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10253:
10251:
10249:
10230:
10224:
10223:
10221:
10219:
10200:
10194:
10193:
10191:
10189:
10170:
10164:
10163:
10161:
10159:
10140:
10131:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10107:
10101:
10100:
10098:
10096:
10077:
10071:
10070:
10068:
10066:
10047:
10041:
10040:
10038:
10036:
10021:
10015:
10014:
10007:
10001:
10000:
9988:
9982:
9981:
9970:
9964:
9963:
9961:
9959:
9940:
9915:
9914:
9912:
9910:
9895:
9889:
9888:
9886:
9884:
9869:
9863:
9862:
9860:
9858:
9843:
9837:
9836:
9834:
9832:
9817:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9806:
9791:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9780:
9765:
9759:
9758:
9756:
9754:
9739:
9733:
9732:
9730:
9728:
9713:
9707:
9706:
9705:on 20 July 2008.
9701:. Archived from
9691:
9685:
9684:
9682:
9680:
9665:
9659:
9658:
9656:
9654:
9639:
9633:
9632:
9630:
9628:
9613:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9603:
9580:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9570:
9547:
9541:
9540:
9538:
9537:
9514:
9508:
9507:
9505:
9504:
9481:
9475:
9474:
9472:
9471:
9448:
9442:
9441:
9434:
9428:
9427:
9425:
9424:
9401:
9395:
9394:
9387:
9381:
9380:
9373:
9367:
9366:
9364:
9363:
9340:
9334:
9333:
9323:
9299:
9293:
9292:
9290:
9288:
9279:. January 1948.
9269:
9263:
9262:
9251:
9245:
9244:
9233:
9227:
9226:
9214:
9208:
9207:
9193:
9187:
9186:
9172:
9166:
9165:
9154:
9148:
9147:
9136:
9130:
9129:
9115:
9109:
9108:
9106:
9100:. Archived from
9099:
9090:
9084:
9083:
9069:
9063:
9062:, 16 March 2009.
9052:
9046:
9029:
9023:
9022:
9020:
9019:
8996:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8986:
8963:
8957:
8951:
8945:
8932:
8926:
8914:
8908:
8907:
8905:
8903:
8888:
8879:
8878:
8867:
8861:
8860:
8858:
8857:
8848:. Archived from
8838:
8832:
8831:
8829:
8827:
8808:
8802:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8778:
8772:
8766:
8760:
8759:
8757:
8756:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8730:
8725:on 29 April 2015
8724:
8718:. Archived from
8717:
8709:
8703:
8702:
8691:
8685:
8684:
8673:
8667:
8666:
8664:
8662:
8652:
8643:
8637:
8636:
8625:
8619:
8618:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8579:
8573:
8572:
8561:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8550:
8531:
8525:
8524:
8513:
8507:
8506:
8495:
8489:
8488:
8477:
8471:
8470:
8463:
8457:
8456:
8445:
8439:
8432:
8426:
8425:
8417:
8411:
8404:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8393:
8378:
8372:
8371:
8369:
8367:
8328:
8322:
8321:
8313:
8301:
8294:
8288:
8287:
8270:
8264:
8263:
8252:
8246:
8243:
8237:
8230:
8224:
8223:
8221:
8219:
8199:
8193:
8179:
8173:
8166:
8160:
8159:
8148:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8138:
8127:
8121:
8115:
8109:
8094:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8083:
8068:
8062:
8051:
8045:
8044:
8034:
8010:
8004:
7993:
7987:
7976:
7970:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7940:
7934:
7933:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7886:
7880:
7868:. United States
7863:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7829:
7823:
7822:
7801:
7795:
7794:
7789:. Archived from
7783:
7777:
7776:
7766:
7760:
7759:
7738:
7732:
7729:
7723:
7710:
7704:
7703:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7667:
7656:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7616:
7610:
7595:
7590:
7584:
7583:
7567:
7557:
7548:
7542:
7536:
7521:
7515:
7514:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7467:
7461:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7433:
7427:
7426:
7407:
7398:
7396:
7376:
7370:
7369:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7322:
7316:
7315:
7295:
7289:
7288:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7249:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7233:10.4000/rhr.5401
7215:
7209:
7208:
7187:
7181:
7177:
7171:
7170:
7151:
7145:
7144:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7069:
7060:
7059:
7033:
6995:
6986:
6985:
6943:
6934:
6933:
6902:Runciman, Steven
6898:
6892:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6831:
6822:
6821:
6801:
6788:
6782:
6776:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6749:
6740:
6731:
6730:
6710:
6704:
6699:Oden, Thomas C.
6697:
6691:
6690:
6662:
6656:
6644:Jakobielski, S.
6642:
6636:
6625:, the author of
6620:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6594:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6548:
6542:
6535:
6529:
6528:
6500:
6494:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6471:
6463:
6454:
6453:
6425:
6419:
6413:
6407:
6406:
6403:historyworld.net
6395:
6389:
6388:
6367:
6358:
6357:
6337:
6326:
6325:
6323:
6322:
6307:
6298:
6297:
6277:
6262:
6261:
6243:
6234:
6223:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6192:
6183:
6182:
6164:
6158:
6157:
6147:
6123:
6103:
6099:
6058:African theology
5454:Church of Uganda
5248:
5246:
5245:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5016:
5014:
5013:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4024:
4022:
4021:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3438:
3426:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3406:
3383:
3375:
2852:Christian Berber
2825:Society of Jesus
2775:Church of Africa
2708:, south-west of
2566:persecuted many
2526:Muslim conquests
2513:The basilica of
2352:Kingdom of Aksum
2302:
2296:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2158:
2157:
2042:Papua New Guinea
2017:Marshall Islands
1840:Northern Ireland
1493:
999:
998:
929:Kingdom of Kongo
877:to survive as a
871:Ethiopian Empire
811:Christian Berber
728:
721:
714:
697:
542:Christadelphians
472:Free Evangelical
425:Eastern Orthodox
382:
381:
333:EastβWest Schism
65:
42:
41:
13165:
13164:
13160:
13159:
13158:
13156:
13155:
13154:
13140:
13139:
13138:
13133:
13112:
13091:
12979:
12973:
12909:Martti Rautanen
12894:Helen Roseveare
12814:George Grenfell
12752:
12749:
12719:
12714:
12704:
12623:
12618:
12609:
12328:
12319:Yoruba religion
12287:Mbuti mythology
12242:Isoko mythology
12172:Bantu mythology
12142:
12135:
12124:
12119:
12089:
12084:
12083:
12073:
12056:
12043:
12034:
12015:
12013:
12006:
11990:
11988:
11981:
11700:
11695:
11643:
11595:
11532:
11530:
11489:
11414:
11412:Further reading
11409:
11408:
11399:
11398:
11394:
11384:
11382:
11373:
11372:
11368:
11358:
11356:
11347:
11346:
11342:
11332:
11330:
11321:
11320:
11316:
11306:
11304:
11295:
11294:
11290:
11280:
11278:
11269:
11268:
11264:
11254:
11252:
11239:
11238:
11234:
11224:
11222:
11209:Gordon Melton.
11207:
11203:
11194:
11192:
11190:
11174:
11170:
11162:
11158:
11142:
11141:
11135:
11133:
11128:
11127:
11123:
11117:Wayback Machine
11107:
11103:
11095:
11091:
11082:
11080:
11078:
11062:
11058:
11051:
11027:
11023:
11013:
11011:
11002:
11001:
10997:
10987:
10985:
10976:
10975:
10971:
10961:
10959:
10950:
10949:
10945:
10935:
10933:
10924:
10923:
10919:
10909:
10907:
10898:
10897:
10893:
10883:
10881:
10872:
10871:
10867:
10857:
10855:
10846:
10845:
10841:
10831:
10829:
10820:
10819:
10815:
10805:
10803:
10794:
10793:
10789:
10773:
10772:
10765:
10763:
10758:Administrator.
10756:
10752:
10742:
10740:
10731:
10730:
10726:
10716:
10714:
10705:
10704:
10700:
10690:
10688:
10679:
10678:
10674:
10664:
10662:
10653:
10652:
10648:
10638:
10636:
10627:
10626:
10622:
10612:
10610:
10601:
10600:
10596:
10591:on 21 May 2011.
10579:
10578:
10574:
10568:Wayback Machine
10552:
10548:
10538:
10536:
10527:
10526:
10522:
10512:
10510:
10501:
10500:
10496:
10486:
10484:
10475:
10474:
10470:
10460:
10458:
10449:
10448:
10444:
10434:
10432:
10423:
10422:
10418:
10409:
10408:
10404:
10394:
10392:
10383:
10382:
10378:
10368:
10366:
10357:
10356:
10352:
10342:
10340:
10331:
10330:
10326:
10316:
10314:
10305:
10304:
10300:
10290:
10288:
10279:
10278:
10274:
10269:. 5 April 2018.
10265:
10264:
10257:
10247:
10245:
10232:
10231:
10227:
10217:
10215:
10202:
10201:
10197:
10187:
10185:
10172:
10171:
10167:
10157:
10155:
10142:
10141:
10134:
10124:
10122:
10109:
10108:
10104:
10094:
10092:
10079:
10078:
10074:
10064:
10062:
10049:
10048:
10044:
10034:
10032:
10023:
10022:
10018:
10009:
10008:
10004:
9989:
9985:
9971:
9967:
9957:
9955:
9942:
9941:
9918:
9908:
9906:
9897:
9896:
9892:
9882:
9880:
9871:
9870:
9866:
9856:
9854:
9845:
9844:
9840:
9830:
9828:
9819:
9818:
9814:
9804:
9802:
9793:
9792:
9788:
9778:
9776:
9767:
9766:
9762:
9752:
9750:
9741:
9740:
9736:
9726:
9724:
9715:
9714:
9710:
9693:
9692:
9688:
9678:
9676:
9667:
9666:
9662:
9652:
9650:
9641:
9640:
9636:
9626:
9624:
9615:
9614:
9610:
9601:
9599:
9597:
9581:
9577:
9568:
9566:
9564:
9548:
9544:
9535:
9533:
9531:
9515:
9511:
9502:
9500:
9498:
9482:
9478:
9469:
9467:
9465:
9449:
9445:
9436:
9435:
9431:
9422:
9420:
9418:
9402:
9398:
9389:
9388:
9384:
9375:
9374:
9370:
9361:
9359:
9357:
9341:
9337:
9300:
9296:
9286:
9284:
9271:
9270:
9266:
9261:. January 2003.
9253:
9252:
9248:
9243:. January 1948.
9235:
9234:
9230:
9215:
9211:
9195:
9194:
9190:
9174:
9173:
9169:
9156:
9155:
9151:
9146:. January 1948.
9138:
9137:
9133:
9117:
9116:
9112:
9107:on 4 June 2012.
9104:
9097:
9091:
9087:
9071:
9070:
9066:
9053:
9049:
9039:Wayback Machine
9030:
9026:
9017:
9015:
9013:
8997:
8993:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8964:
8960:
8952:
8948:
8942:Wayback Machine
8933:
8929:
8924:Wayback Machine
8915:
8911:
8901:
8899:
8889:
8882:
8869:
8868:
8864:
8855:
8853:
8840:
8839:
8835:
8825:
8823:
8810:
8809:
8805:
8795:
8793:
8780:
8779:
8775:
8767:
8763:
8754:
8752:
8743:
8742:
8738:
8728:
8726:
8722:
8715:
8711:
8710:
8706:
8693:
8692:
8688:
8675:
8674:
8670:
8660:
8658:
8650:
8644:
8640:
8627:
8626:
8622:
8609:
8608:
8604:
8594:
8580:
8576:
8563:
8562:
8558:
8548:
8546:
8533:
8532:
8528:
8515:
8514:
8510:
8497:
8496:
8492:
8479:
8478:
8474:
8465:
8464:
8460:
8447:
8446:
8442:
8433:
8429:
8418:
8414:
8405:
8401:
8391:
8389:
8379:
8375:
8365:
8363:
8353:
8329:
8325:
8315:
8295:
8291:
8271:
8267:
8254:
8253:
8249:
8244:
8240:
8236:, February 2007
8231:
8227:
8217:
8215:
8200:
8196:
8190:Wayback Machine
8180:
8176:
8167:
8163:
8150:
8149:
8145:
8136:
8134:
8128:
8124:
8116:
8112:
8095:
8091:
8081:
8079:
8069:
8065:
8052:
8048:
8011:
8007:
7994:
7990:
7977:
7973:
7959:
7955:
7942:
7941:
7937:
7930:
7916:
7912:
7901:
7887:
7883:
7864:
7860:
7850:
7848:
7846:
7830:
7826:
7816:
7802:
7798:
7785:
7784:
7780:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7753:
7739:
7735:
7730:
7726:
7721:Wayback Machine
7711:
7707:
7694:
7693:
7689:
7682:
7668:
7659:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7624:
7617:
7613:
7608:Wayback Machine
7593:
7591:
7587:
7580:
7558:
7551:
7543:
7539:
7522:
7518:
7511:
7495:
7491:
7484:
7476:. Orbis Books.
7468:
7464:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7434:
7430:
7423:
7415:. BRILL. 1993.
7409:
7408:
7401:
7393:
7385:. Orbis Books.
7377:
7373:
7366:
7350:
7346:
7339:
7331:. Orbis Books.
7323:
7319:
7312:
7296:
7292:
7285:
7269:
7265:
7250:
7241:
7216:
7212:
7202:
7188:
7184:
7178:
7174:
7167:
7152:
7148:
7141:
7127:
7123:
7070:
7063:
6996:
6989:
6974:
6944:
6937:
6930:
6899:
6895:
6887:
6883:
6852:10.2307/3161925
6832:
6825:
6818:
6802:
6791:
6783:
6779:
6771:
6767:
6752:Medieval Worlds
6747:
6741:
6734:
6727:
6711:
6707:
6698:
6694:
6679:10.2307/3160527
6663:
6659:
6643:
6639:
6621:
6617:
6607:
6605:
6595:
6591:
6581:
6579:
6549:
6545:
6536:
6532:
6517:
6501:
6497:
6489:
6485:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6464:
6457:
6426:
6422:
6414:
6410:
6397:
6396:
6392:
6382:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6338:
6329:
6320:
6318:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6278:
6265:
6246:Medieval Worlds
6241:
6235:
6226:
6218:
6214:
6207:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6165:
6161:
6124:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6106:
6100:
6096:
6091:
6054:
6041:
6035:
5976:
5968:
5955:
5942:
5936:
5892:
5741:
5735:
5688:
5682:
5615:
5602:
5596:
5529:
5523:
5444:
5438:
5408:
5395:
5389:
5364:
5358:
5353:
5333:
5327:
5322:
5306:
5300:
5243:
5241:
5208:
5206:
5175:
5173:
5140:
5138:
5109:
5107:
5076:
5074:
5043:
5041:
5011:
5009:
4977:
4975:
4942:
4940:
4908:
4906:
4875:
4873:
4840:
4838:
4807:
4805:
4772:
4770:
4737:
4735:
4703:
4701:
4668:
4666:
4633:
4631:
4600:
4598:
4567:
4565:
4534:
4532:
4501:
4499:
4468:
4466:
4435:
4433:
4400:
4398:
4366:
4364:
4331:
4329:
4296:
4294:
4261:
4259:
4227:
4225:
4192:
4190:
4157:
4155:
4124:
4122:
4089:
4087:
4054:
4052:
4019:
4017:
3984:
3982:
3951:
3949:
3916:
3914:
3881:
3879:
3846:
3844:
3813:
3811:
3778:
3776:
3743:
3741:
3708:
3706:
3673:
3671:
3638:
3636:
3603:
3601:
3568:
3566:
3533:
3531:
3498:
3496:
3463:
3461:
3427:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3396:
3384:
3373:
3367:
3336:
3317:Yale University
3243:
3235:Western culture
3230:
3067:
3061:
2959:Roman Catholics
2957:counted 45,000
2913:
2899:) in 1993. The
2889:
2884:
2814:
2806:Caliph al-Sa'id
2796:'s insistence.
2763:Dominican Order
2753:
2743:Priests of the
2677:
2594:and subsequent
2491:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2272:Pope Gelasius I
2205:
2199:
2190:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2052:Solomon Islands
1997:
1987:
1986:
1867:
1857:
1856:
1760:North Macedonia
1610:
1600:
1599:
1502:
1482:
1481:
1310:
1300:
1299:
1025:
997:
945:Southern Africa
828:due to special
779:Aksumite empire
732:
669:
668:
639:Other religions
599:
591:
590:
379:
378:
358:
357:
278:
277:
257:
256:
190:
180:
179:
140:
139:
121:
120:
86:
85:
12:
11:
5:
13163:
13153:
13152:
13135:
13134:
13132:
13131:
13126:
13120:
13118:
13114:
13113:
13111:
13110:
13105:
13099:
13097:
13096:Pivotal events
13093:
13092:
13090:
13089:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13069:
13064:
13059:
13054:
13052:Mission Africa
13049:
13044:
13039:
13034:
13029:
13024:
13019:
13014:
13009:
13007:Bethel Mission
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12987:American Board
12983:
12981:
12975:
12974:
12972:
12971:
12969:Gottlieb Viehe
12966:
12964:William Taylor
12961:
12956:
12951:
12946:
12941:
12936:
12931:
12926:
12921:
12916:
12911:
12906:
12901:
12896:
12891:
12886:
12881:
12876:
12874:Joseph Merrick
12871:
12866:
12861:
12856:
12851:
12846:
12841:
12836:
12831:
12826:
12821:
12819:Carl Hugo Hahn
12816:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12784:Carl K. Becker
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12760:
12758:
12754:
12753:
12748:
12747:
12740:
12733:
12725:
12716:
12715:
12709:
12706:
12705:
12703:
12702:
12696:
12694:Western Sahara
12691:
12684:
12678:
12671:
12665:
12658:
12652:
12646:
12640:
12634:
12631:Canary Islands
12627:
12625:
12611:
12610:
12608:
12603:
12598:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12578:
12573:
12568:
12563:
12558:
12553:
12548:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12453:
12448:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12428:
12423:
12418:
12413:
12408:
12403:
12398:
12393:
12388:
12383:
12378:
12373:
12368:
12363:
12358:
12353:
12348:
12343:
12338:
12336:
12330:
12329:
12327:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12311:
12306:
12301:
12300:
12299:
12292:Serer religion
12289:
12284:
12279:
12274:
12269:
12267:Lozi mythology
12264:
12259:
12254:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12224:
12219:
12217:Efik mythology
12214:
12212:Dogon religion
12209:
12207:Dinka religion
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12182:Bono mythology
12179:
12174:
12169:
12164:
12159:
12154:
12148:
12147:
12132:
12130:
12126:
12125:
12118:
12117:
12110:
12103:
12095:
12086:
12085:
12082:
12081:
12079:Western Sahara
12076:
12059:
12046:
12037:
12023:Canary Islands
12019:
12018:
12016:
12011:
12008:
12007:
12005:
12004:
11999:
11993:
11991:
11986:
11983:
11982:
11980:
11979:
11974:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11894:
11889:
11884:
11879:
11874:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11708:
11706:
11702:
11701:
11694:
11693:
11686:
11679:
11671:
11665:
11664:
11659:
11654:
11649:
11642:
11641:External links
11639:
11638:
11637:
11630:
11623:
11613:
11606:
11594:
11591:
11590:
11589:
11579:
11565:
11555:
11542:
11518:
11500:
11493:
11487:
11472:
11462:
11452:
11445:
11435:
11425:
11413:
11410:
11407:
11406:
11392:
11381:on 21 May 2011
11366:
11340:
11329:on 21 May 2011
11314:
11303:on 21 May 2011
11288:
11277:on 21 May 2011
11262:
11232:
11201:
11188:
11168:
11156:
11121:
11101:
11089:
11076:
11056:
11049:
11021:
11010:on 21 May 2011
10995:
10984:on 21 May 2011
10969:
10958:on 21 May 2011
10943:
10928:. Recweb.org.
10917:
10891:
10880:on 21 May 2011
10865:
10839:
10813:
10802:on 21 May 2011
10787:
10750:
10739:on 21 May 2011
10724:
10698:
10687:on 21 May 2011
10672:
10646:
10635:on 21 May 2011
10620:
10609:on 21 May 2011
10594:
10572:
10546:
10535:on 21 May 2011
10520:
10494:
10468:
10442:
10416:
10402:
10391:on 21 May 2011
10376:
10365:on 21 May 2011
10350:
10324:
10313:on 21 May 2011
10298:
10287:on 21 May 2011
10272:
10255:
10225:
10195:
10165:
10132:
10102:
10072:
10042:
10016:
10013:. 19 May 2013.
10002:
9983:
9965:
9948:www.bwanet.org
9916:
9890:
9879:on 21 May 2011
9864:
9853:on 21 May 2011
9838:
9812:
9801:on 21 May 2011
9786:
9760:
9734:
9723:on 21 May 2011
9708:
9686:
9675:on 21 May 2011
9660:
9634:
9608:
9595:
9575:
9562:
9542:
9529:
9509:
9496:
9476:
9463:
9443:
9429:
9416:
9396:
9382:
9368:
9355:
9335:
9294:
9264:
9246:
9228:
9209:
9188:
9167:
9149:
9131:
9110:
9085:
9064:
9060:New York Times
9047:
9024:
9011:
8991:
8978:
8958:
8946:
8927:
8909:
8880:
8862:
8833:
8803:
8773:
8761:
8736:
8704:
8686:
8668:
8638:
8620:
8602:
8592:
8574:
8556:
8526:
8508:
8490:
8472:
8458:
8440:
8427:
8412:
8399:
8373:
8351:
8323:
8289:
8265:
8256:"Church Sizes"
8247:
8238:
8225:
8194:
8174:
8161:
8143:
8122:
8110:
8089:
8063:
8046:
8025:(2): 209β231.
8005:
7988:
7971:
7953:
7935:
7928:
7910:
7899:
7881:
7858:
7844:
7824:
7814:
7796:
7778:
7761:
7751:
7733:
7724:
7705:
7687:
7680:
7657:
7634:
7623:. academia.edu
7611:
7597:Sadek Lekdja,
7585:
7578:
7549:
7537:
7516:
7509:
7489:
7482:
7462:
7449:978-0812203066
7448:
7428:
7421:
7399:
7397:, page 103-104
7391:
7371:
7365:978-0812203066
7364:
7344:
7337:
7317:
7310:
7290:
7283:
7263:
7239:
7226:(4): 461β483.
7210:
7200:
7182:
7172:
7166:978-1926473123
7165:
7146:
7139:
7121:
7061:
6987:
6972:
6935:
6928:
6893:
6881:
6846:(4): 379β397.
6840:Church History
6823:
6816:
6789:
6777:
6765:
6732:
6725:
6705:
6692:
6673:(2): 169β170.
6667:Church History
6657:
6637:
6615:
6589:
6543:
6530:
6515:
6495:
6483:
6455:
6420:
6408:
6390:
6380:
6359:
6352:
6327:
6299:
6292:
6263:
6224:
6212:
6205:
6184:
6177:
6159:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6053:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6039:Restorationism
6034:
6033:Restorationism
6031:
6030:
6029:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6008:
6002:
5996:
5990:
5975:
5972:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5912:
5906:
5891:
5890:Pentecostalism
5888:
5887:
5886:
5880:
5874:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5850:
5844:
5838:
5832:
5826:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5802:
5796:
5790:
5784:
5778:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5720:
5717:
5711:
5708:
5702:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5670:
5664:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5609:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5584:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5560:
5554:
5548:
5542:
5536:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5450:β 20.1 million
5437:
5434:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5329:Main article:
5326:
5325:Roman Catholic
5323:
5321:
5318:
5302:Main article:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5182:Western Sahara
5170:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4922:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4889:
4870:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4241:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3979:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3930:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3429:
3428:
3387:
3385:
3378:
3369:Main article:
3366:
3363:
3335:
3332:
3242:
3241:Current status
3239:
3229:
3226:
3192:de-Arabization
3104:Simon Kimbangu
3088:Thomas C. Oden
3080:Jacob Jordaens
3060:
3057:
3046:French descent
2990:French Morocco
2912:
2909:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2813:
2810:
2752:
2749:
2676:
2673:
2548:late antiquity
2490:
2487:
2427:Donatus Magnus
2299:
2293:
2276:Pope Miltiades
2268:Church of Rome
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1830:United Kingdom
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1006:
1005:
996:
993:
969:Horn of Africa
863:Copts in Egypt
781:in modern-day
734:
733:
731:
730:
723:
716:
708:
705:
704:
703:
702:
690:
689:
684:
679:
671:
670:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
600:
598:Related topics
597:
596:
593:
592:
587:
586:
585:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
536:
535:
533:Restorationist
529:
528:
527:
526:
525:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
442:
435:
428:
421:
416:
411:
410:
409:
404:
389:
388:
380:
377:
376:
371:
365:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
308:Church Fathers
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
279:
276:
275:
270:
264:
263:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
218:
217:
212:
207:
197:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
141:
138:
137:
134:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
87:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:
58:
57:
51:
50:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13162:
13151:
13148:
13147:
13145:
13130:
13127:
13125:
13122:
13121:
13119:
13115:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13100:
13098:
13094:
13088:
13085:
13083:
13080:
13078:
13075:
13073:
13070:
13068:
13065:
13063:
13060:
13058:
13055:
13053:
13050:
13048:
13045:
13043:
13040:
13038:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13028:
13025:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12984:
12982:
12976:
12970:
12967:
12965:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12952:
12950:
12949:Charles Studd
12947:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12927:
12925:
12922:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12912:
12910:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12900:
12897:
12895:
12892:
12890:
12889:Andrew Murray
12887:
12885:
12884:Robert Moffat
12882:
12880:
12877:
12875:
12872:
12870:
12867:
12865:
12862:
12860:
12857:
12855:
12852:
12850:
12847:
12845:
12842:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12761:
12759:
12755:
12746:
12741:
12739:
12734:
12732:
12727:
12726:
12723:
12713:
12707:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12689:
12685:
12682:
12679:
12677:
12676:
12672:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12663:
12659:
12656:
12653:
12650:
12647:
12644:
12641:
12638:
12635:
12632:
12629:
12628:
12626:
12621:
12616:
12612:
12607:
12604:
12602:
12599:
12597:
12594:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12584:
12582:
12579:
12577:
12574:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12552:
12549:
12547:
12544:
12542:
12539:
12537:
12534:
12532:
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12451:Guinea-Bissau
12449:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12419:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12407:
12404:
12402:
12399:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12384:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12372:
12369:
12367:
12364:
12362:
12359:
12357:
12354:
12352:
12349:
12347:
12344:
12342:
12339:
12337:
12335:
12331:
12325:
12324:Zulu religion
12322:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12310:
12307:
12305:
12302:
12298:
12295:
12294:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12273:
12270:
12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12228:
12227:Igbo religion
12225:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12180:
12178:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12157:Akan religion
12155:
12153:
12150:
12149:
12145:
12139:
12134:
12131:
12127:
12123:
12116:
12111:
12109:
12104:
12102:
12097:
12096:
12093:
12080:
12077:
12071:
12067:
12063:
12060:
12054:
12050:
12047:
12041:
12038:
12032:
12028:
12024:
12021:
12020:
12017:
12009:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11994:
11992:
11984:
11978:
11975:
11973:
11970:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11883:
11880:
11878:
11875:
11873:
11870:
11868:
11865:
11863:
11860:
11858:
11855:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11827:Guinea-Bissau
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11709:
11707:
11703:
11699:
11692:
11687:
11685:
11680:
11678:
11673:
11672:
11669:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11644:
11635:
11631:
11628:
11624:
11622:
11618:
11614:
11611:
11607:
11605:
11601:
11597:
11596:
11588:
11584:
11580:
11578:
11577:online review
11574:
11570:
11566:
11564:
11560:
11556:
11554:
11550:
11546:
11543:
11541:
11540:online review
11529:
11528:
11523:
11519:
11516:
11515:online review
11512:
11508:
11504:
11501:
11498:
11494:
11490:
11484:
11480:
11479:
11473:
11471:
11467:
11463:
11461:
11457:
11453:
11450:
11446:
11444:
11440:
11436:
11434:
11430:
11426:
11424:
11420:
11416:
11415:
11402:
11396:
11380:
11376:
11370:
11354:
11350:
11344:
11328:
11324:
11318:
11302:
11298:
11292:
11276:
11272:
11266:
11250:
11246:
11242:
11236:
11220:
11216:
11212:
11205:
11191:
11185:
11181:
11180:
11172:
11165:
11160:
11152:
11146:
11131:
11125:
11118:
11114:
11111:
11105:
11098:
11093:
11079:
11073:
11069:
11068:
11060:
11052:
11046:
11042:
11038:
11034:
11033:
11025:
11009:
11005:
10999:
10983:
10979:
10973:
10957:
10953:
10947:
10931:
10927:
10921:
10905:
10901:
10895:
10879:
10875:
10869:
10853:
10849:
10843:
10827:
10823:
10817:
10801:
10797:
10791:
10783:
10777:
10761:
10754:
10738:
10734:
10728:
10712:
10708:
10702:
10686:
10682:
10676:
10660:
10656:
10650:
10634:
10630:
10624:
10608:
10604:
10598:
10590:
10586:
10582:
10576:
10569:
10565:
10562:
10558:
10557:
10550:
10534:
10530:
10524:
10508:
10504:
10498:
10482:
10478:
10472:
10456:
10452:
10446:
10430:
10426:
10420:
10412:
10406:
10390:
10386:
10380:
10364:
10360:
10354:
10338:
10334:
10328:
10312:
10308:
10302:
10286:
10282:
10276:
10268:
10262:
10260:
10243:
10239:
10235:
10229:
10213:
10209:
10205:
10199:
10183:
10179:
10175:
10169:
10153:
10149:
10145:
10139:
10137:
10120:
10116:
10112:
10106:
10090:
10086:
10082:
10076:
10060:
10056:
10052:
10046:
10030:
10026:
10020:
10012:
10006:
9998:
9994:
9987:
9980:
9976:
9969:
9953:
9949:
9945:
9939:
9937:
9935:
9933:
9931:
9929:
9927:
9925:
9923:
9921:
9904:
9900:
9894:
9878:
9874:
9868:
9852:
9848:
9842:
9826:
9822:
9816:
9800:
9796:
9790:
9774:
9770:
9764:
9748:
9744:
9738:
9722:
9718:
9712:
9704:
9700:
9696:
9690:
9674:
9670:
9664:
9648:
9644:
9638:
9622:
9618:
9612:
9598:
9592:
9588:
9587:
9579:
9565:
9559:
9555:
9554:
9546:
9532:
9526:
9522:
9521:
9513:
9499:
9493:
9489:
9488:
9480:
9466:
9460:
9456:
9455:
9447:
9439:
9433:
9419:
9413:
9409:
9408:
9400:
9392:
9386:
9378:
9372:
9358:
9352:
9348:
9347:
9339:
9331:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9313:
9309:
9305:
9298:
9282:
9278:
9274:
9268:
9260:
9256:
9250:
9242:
9238:
9232:
9224:
9220:
9213:
9206:
9202:
9198:
9192:
9185:
9181:
9177:
9171:
9163:
9159:
9153:
9145:
9141:
9135:
9128:
9124:
9120:
9114:
9103:
9096:
9089:
9082:
9078:
9074:
9068:
9061:
9057:
9051:
9044:
9040:
9036:
9033:
9028:
9014:
9008:
9004:
9003:
8995:
8981:
8975:
8971:
8970:
8962:
8955:
8950:
8943:
8939:
8936:
8931:
8925:
8921:
8918:
8913:
8898:
8894:
8887:
8885:
8876:
8872:
8866:
8852:on 2016-03-03
8851:
8847:
8843:
8837:
8821:
8817:
8813:
8807:
8791:
8787:
8783:
8777:
8771:
8765:
8751:on 2011-07-23
8750:
8746:
8740:
8721:
8714:
8708:
8700:
8696:
8690:
8682:
8678:
8672:
8656:
8655:Afrobarometer
8649:
8642:
8634:
8630:
8624:
8616:
8612:
8606:
8599:
8595:
8593:9781442271579
8589:
8585:
8578:
8570:
8566:
8560:
8544:
8540:
8536:
8530:
8522:
8518:
8512:
8504:
8500:
8494:
8486:
8482:
8476:
8468:
8462:
8454:
8450:
8444:
8437:
8431:
8423:
8416:
8409:
8403:
8388:
8384:
8377:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8352:9789004412927
8348:
8344:
8340:
8336:
8335:
8327:
8319:
8311:
8307:
8306:
8300:
8293:
8285:
8284:
8279:
8275:
8269:
8261:
8257:
8251:
8242:
8235:
8229:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8198:
8191:
8187:
8184:
8178:
8171:
8165:
8157:
8153:
8147:
8133:
8126:
8119:
8114:
8107:
8103:
8099:
8093:
8078:
8074:
8067:
8060:
8056:
8050:
8042:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8016:
8009:
8002:
7998:
7992:
7985:
7981:
7975:
7968:
7964:
7957:
7950:
7945:
7939:
7931:
7929:9781598843620
7925:
7921:
7914:
7907:
7902:
7900:9780786451333
7896:
7892:
7885:
7879:
7877:
7876:public domain
7871:
7867:
7862:
7847:
7841:
7837:
7836:
7828:
7821:
7817:
7815:9781475903423
7811:
7807:
7800:
7792:
7788:
7782:
7775:
7771:
7765:
7758:
7754:
7752:9781475903423
7748:
7744:
7737:
7728:
7722:
7718:
7715:
7709:
7701:
7697:
7691:
7683:
7681:9780810884939
7677:
7673:
7666:
7664:
7662:
7654:
7653:92-871-2611-9
7650:
7646:
7645:
7638:
7622:
7615:
7609:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7589:
7581:
7579:0-8153-4057-5
7575:
7571:
7566:
7565:
7556:
7554:
7546:
7541:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7520:
7512:
7510:9781137524812
7506:
7502:
7501:
7493:
7485:
7483:9781608331499
7479:
7475:
7474:
7466:
7460:, page 117-20
7451:
7445:
7441:
7440:
7432:
7424:
7418:
7414:
7413:
7406:
7404:
7394:
7392:9781843838098
7388:
7384:
7383:
7375:
7367:
7361:
7357:
7356:
7348:
7340:
7338:9789966150691
7334:
7330:
7329:
7321:
7313:
7307:
7303:
7302:
7294:
7286:
7284:9781351923057
7280:
7277:. Routledge.
7276:
7275:
7267:
7259:
7255:
7248:
7246:
7244:
7234:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7214:
7207:
7203:
7201:9789774160936
7197:
7193:
7186:
7176:
7168:
7162:
7158:
7150:
7142:
7140:9789774160936
7136:
7132:
7125:
7117:
7113:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7080:
7075:
7068:
7066:
7057:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7006:
7001:
6994:
6992:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6942:
6940:
6931:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6903:
6897:
6890:
6885:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6830:
6828:
6819:
6813:
6809:
6808:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6786:
6781:
6774:
6769:
6762:
6757:
6753:
6746:
6739:
6737:
6728:
6722:
6718:
6717:
6709:
6702:
6696:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6661:
6655:
6654:9780520066984
6651:
6647:
6641:
6634:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6604:
6600:
6593:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6534:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6516:0-86922-518-9
6512:
6508:
6507:
6499:
6492:
6487:
6468:
6462:
6460:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6412:
6404:
6400:
6394:
6387:
6383:
6381:9789774160936
6377:
6373:
6366:
6364:
6355:
6349:
6345:
6344:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6317:
6313:
6306:
6304:
6295:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6276:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6231:
6229:
6222:, p. 19.
6221:
6216:
6208:
6206:9780191081378
6202:
6198:
6191:
6189:
6180:
6174:
6170:
6163:
6155:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6122:
6120:
6115:
6098:
6094:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6013:β 3.6 million
6012:
6009:
6006:
6003:
6001:β 5.5 million
6000:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5971:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5928:
5926:β 1.2 million
5925:
5922:
5920:- 3.6 million
5919:
5916:
5913:
5911:β 4.5 million
5910:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5831:β 1.1 million
5830:
5827:
5825:β 2.5 million
5824:
5821:
5819:β 3.0 million
5818:
5815:
5813:β 3.5 million
5812:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5783:β 1.0 million
5782:
5779:
5777:β 1.3 million
5776:
5773:
5771:β 1.8 million
5770:
5767:
5765:β 2.5 million
5764:
5761:
5759:β 3.4 million
5758:
5755:
5753:β 3.8 million
5752:
5749:
5747:β 4.0 million
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5707:β 1.7 million
5706:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5687:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5645:β 2.2 million
5644:
5641:
5639:β 3.0 million
5638:
5635:
5633:β 6.5 million
5632:
5629:
5627:β 8.3 million
5626:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5561:
5559:β 1.1 million
5558:
5555:
5553:β 2.0 million
5552:
5549:
5547:β 2.1 million
5546:
5543:
5541:β 2.5 million
5540:
5537:
5535:β 5.0 million
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5486:β 1.0 million
5485:
5482:
5480:β 2.0 million
5479:
5476:
5474:β 2.3 million
5473:
5470:
5468:β 4.5 million
5467:
5464:
5462:β 5.0 million
5461:
5458:
5456:β 8.1 million
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5406:Protestantism
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5332:
5317:
5310:
5305:
5298:Denominations
5290:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5240:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5019:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4974:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4905:
4904:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4883:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4749:
4745:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4575:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4234:Guinea-Bissau
4224:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3425:
3422:
3414:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3388:This section
3386:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3238:
3236:
3225:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3121:Old Testament
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3086:According to
3081:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2953:In 2009, the
2949:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:Algerian Jews
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2872:Saadi dynasty
2869:
2868:Juan de Prado
2865:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:Abd al-Mu'min
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2609:onwards, the
2608:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:Pope Victor I
2277:
2273:
2270:and provided
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:South America
2076:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1982:United States
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:North America
1861:
1860:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1720:Liechtenstein
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
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1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:Guinea-Bissau
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
710:
709:
707:
706:
701:
696:
692:
691:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
672:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
595:
594:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
538:
537:
534:
531:
530:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
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495:
493:
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463:
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455:
453:
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449:
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403:
400:
399:
398:
397:
393:
392:
391:
390:
387:
384:
383:
375:
372:
370:
369:Denominations
367:
366:
362:
361:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
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176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
150:New Testament
148:
146:
145:Old Testament
143:
142:
135:
133:
130:
129:
125:
124:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
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59:
56:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
37:
33:
29:
25:
20:
16:
13123:
12954:Hulda Stumpf
12934:Mary Slessor
12919:Alfred Saker
12799:Daniel Coker
12794:Joseph Booth
12764:Roland Allen
12686:
12673:
12660:
12615:Dependencies
12566:South Africa
12556:Sierra Leone
12361:Burkina Faso
12197:Christianity
12196:
12167:BahΓ‘ΚΌΓ Faith
12062:Saint Helena
12033:
11937:South Africa
11927:Sierra Leone
11732:Burkina Faso
11697:
11633:
11626:
11616:
11609:
11599:
11582:
11568:
11558:
11548:
11531:. Retrieved
11526:
11506:
11496:
11477:
11465:
11455:
11448:
11438:
11428:
11418:
11395:
11383:. Retrieved
11379:the original
11369:
11357:. Retrieved
11353:the original
11343:
11331:. Retrieved
11327:the original
11317:
11305:. Retrieved
11301:the original
11291:
11279:. Retrieved
11275:the original
11265:
11253:. Retrieved
11245:First Things
11244:
11235:
11223:. Retrieved
11214:
11204:
11193:. Retrieved
11178:
11171:
11163:
11159:
11134:. Retrieved
11124:
11104:
11092:
11081:. Retrieved
11066:
11059:
11031:
11024:
11012:. Retrieved
11008:the original
10998:
10986:. Retrieved
10982:the original
10972:
10960:. Retrieved
10956:the original
10946:
10934:. Retrieved
10920:
10908:. Retrieved
10894:
10882:. Retrieved
10878:the original
10868:
10856:. Retrieved
10852:the original
10842:
10830:. Retrieved
10826:the original
10816:
10804:. Retrieved
10800:the original
10790:
10764:. Retrieved
10753:
10741:. Retrieved
10737:the original
10727:
10715:. Retrieved
10711:the original
10701:
10689:. Retrieved
10685:the original
10675:
10663:. Retrieved
10659:the original
10649:
10637:. Retrieved
10633:the original
10623:
10611:. Retrieved
10607:the original
10597:
10589:the original
10584:
10575:
10554:
10549:
10537:. Retrieved
10533:the original
10523:
10511:. Retrieved
10507:the original
10497:
10485:. Retrieved
10481:the original
10471:
10459:. Retrieved
10445:
10433:. Retrieved
10429:the original
10419:
10405:
10393:. Retrieved
10389:the original
10379:
10367:. Retrieved
10363:the original
10353:
10341:. Retrieved
10337:the original
10327:
10315:. Retrieved
10311:the original
10301:
10289:. Retrieved
10285:the original
10275:
10246:. Retrieved
10237:
10228:
10216:. Retrieved
10207:
10198:
10186:. Retrieved
10177:
10168:
10156:. Retrieved
10147:
10123:. Retrieved
10114:
10105:
10093:. Retrieved
10084:
10075:
10063:. Retrieved
10054:
10045:
10033:. Retrieved
10019:
10005:
9996:
9992:
9986:
9978:
9974:
9968:
9956:. Retrieved
9947:
9907:. Retrieved
9893:
9881:. Retrieved
9877:the original
9867:
9855:. Retrieved
9851:the original
9841:
9829:. Retrieved
9825:the original
9815:
9803:. Retrieved
9799:the original
9789:
9777:. Retrieved
9773:the original
9763:
9751:. Retrieved
9747:the original
9737:
9725:. Retrieved
9721:the original
9711:
9703:the original
9698:
9689:
9677:. Retrieved
9673:the original
9663:
9651:. Retrieved
9647:the original
9637:
9625:. Retrieved
9621:the original
9611:
9600:. Retrieved
9585:
9578:
9567:. Retrieved
9552:
9545:
9534:. Retrieved
9519:
9512:
9501:. Retrieved
9486:
9479:
9468:. Retrieved
9453:
9446:
9432:
9421:. Retrieved
9406:
9399:
9385:
9371:
9360:. Retrieved
9345:
9338:
9311:
9307:
9297:
9285:. Retrieved
9276:
9267:
9258:
9249:
9240:
9231:
9222:
9212:
9204:
9200:
9191:
9183:
9179:
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9126:
9122:
9113:
9102:the original
9088:
9080:
9076:
9067:
9059:
9050:
9027:
9016:. Retrieved
9001:
8994:
8983:. Retrieved
8968:
8961:
8949:
8930:
8912:
8900:. Retrieved
8896:
8874:
8865:
8854:. Retrieved
8850:the original
8845:
8836:
8824:. Retrieved
8820:the original
8815:
8806:
8794:. Retrieved
8790:the original
8785:
8776:
8764:
8753:. Retrieved
8749:the original
8739:
8727:. Retrieved
8720:the original
8707:
8698:
8689:
8680:
8671:
8661:13 September
8659:. Retrieved
8657:. p. 62
8654:
8641:
8632:
8623:
8614:
8605:
8597:
8583:
8577:
8568:
8559:
8547:. Retrieved
8543:the original
8538:
8529:
8520:
8511:
8502:
8493:
8484:
8475:
8461:
8452:
8443:
8435:
8430:
8415:
8402:
8390:. Retrieved
8386:
8376:
8364:. Retrieved
8333:
8326:
8303:
8299:"megachurch"
8292:
8281:
8274:Baird, Julia
8268:
8259:
8250:
8241:
8233:
8228:
8216:. Retrieved
8211:
8207:
8197:
8177:
8169:
8164:
8155:
8146:
8135:. Retrieved
8125:
8113:
8097:
8092:
8080:. Retrieved
8076:
8066:
8049:
8022:
8018:
8008:
7991:
7974:
7956:
7947:
7938:
7919:
7913:
7904:
7890:
7884:
7873:
7861:
7849:. Retrieved
7834:
7827:
7819:
7805:
7799:
7791:the original
7781:
7773:
7764:
7756:
7742:
7736:
7727:
7708:
7699:
7690:
7671:
7642:
7637:
7625:. Retrieved
7614:
7598:
7588:
7563:
7540:
7524:
7519:
7499:
7492:
7472:
7465:
7453:. Retrieved
7438:
7431:
7411:
7381:
7374:
7354:
7347:
7327:
7320:
7300:
7293:
7273:
7266:
7257:
7223:
7213:
7205:
7191:
7185:
7175:
7156:
7149:
7130:
7124:
7083:
7077:
7073:
7013:
7009:
7003:
6951:
6909:
6896:
6888:
6884:
6843:
6839:
6806:
6780:
6768:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6715:
6708:
6700:
6695:
6670:
6666:
6660:
6645:
6640:
6626:
6618:
6608:24 September
6606:. Retrieved
6602:
6592:
6582:24 September
6580:. Retrieved
6563:(1): 20β28.
6560:
6556:
6546:
6533:
6505:
6498:
6486:
6474:. Retrieved
6433:
6429:
6423:
6411:
6402:
6393:
6385:
6371:
6342:
6319:. Retrieved
6315:
6282:
6249:
6245:
6220:Isichei 1995
6215:
6196:
6168:
6162:
6138:(1). AOSIS.
6135:
6131:
6102:Protestants.
6097:
5995:β 10 million
5989:β 15 million
5977:
5969:
5893:
5689:
5616:
5608:β 16 million
5421:South Africa
5409:
5376:β 10 million
5370:β 37 million
5345:Latin Church
5334:
5315:
5279:526,016,926
4949:South Africa
4882:Sierra Leone
3610:Burkina Faso
3447:% Christian
3434:
3417:
3411:January 2023
3408:
3397:Please help
3392:verification
3389:
3339:Megachurches
3337:
3325:
3321:Lamin Sanneh
3314:
3290:South Africa
3278:syncretistic
3266:Charismatics
3262:Pentecostals
3259:
3255:
3231:
3217:
3185:
3174:
3134:
3125:Dona Beatriz
3085:
3073:
3050:
3027:
2983:
2952:
2932:
2914:
2890:
2882:20th century
2861:
2854:family from
2842:
2833:Shona people
2822:
2815:
2794:Fernando III
2779:
2756:
2754:
2727:
2693:Arab Muslims
2678:
2649:Tripolitania
2646:
2604:
2561:
2544:
2537:
2534:Islamization
2523:
2483:Neoplatonism
2467:Vetus Latina
2368:
2338:
2307:
2284:Saint Monica
2257:
2206:
1576:Saudi Arabia
1467:Turkmenistan
1255:South Africa
1245:Sierra Leone
1050:Burkina Faso
1022:
989:Europe third
975:, while the
950:
921:Sierra Leone
894:
890:missionaries
854:Islamization
822:North Africa
815:
809:and several
797:kingdoms of
791:Christianity
738:
737:
604:Civilization
444:
437:
430:
423:
414:Old Catholic
394:
252:Universalism
175:New Covenant
111:Resurrection
55:Christianity
15:
12904:John Philip
12879:Mary Moffat
12789:Samuel Bill
12779:John Arthur
12571:South Sudan
12314:Waaqeffanna
11989:recognition
11942:South Sudan
11832:Ivory Coast
11573:online book
11255:15 February
10035:10 February
9958:28 November
8875:www.cia.gov
8826:14 February
8796:14 February
8699:www.cia.gov
8681:www.cia.gov
8633:www.cia.gov
8615:www.cia.gov
8569:www.cia.gov
8521:www.cia.gov
8503:www.cia.gov
8485:www.cia.gov
8218:20 November
8172:, July 2007
7594:(in French)
7094:: 581β582.
7076:(review)".
7024:: 137β164.
6703:, IVP 2007.
6436:(1): 1β22.
6252:: 196β216.
6007:β 5 million
5961:β 5 million
5914:β 1 million
5905:β 9 million
5701:β 2 million
5618:Lutheranism
5613:Lutheranism
5442:Anglicanism
5436:Anglicanism
5382:β 2 million
5320:Catholicism
5259:12,500,000
5224:12,939,000
5156:29,943,000
5059:31,342,000
4984:South Sudan
4958:43,090,000
4649:13,121,000
4484:12,538,000
4312:34,774,000
4268:Ivory Coast
4173:19,300,000
4070:52,580,000
3967:10,000,000
3897:63,150,000
3689:13,390,000
3514:17,094,000
3450:% Catholic
3444:Christians
3351:Pentecostal
3343:Sub-Saharan
3298:evangelical
3100:Kimbanguist
2963:Protestants
2933:pieds-noirs
2929:French rule
2911:The Maghreb
2818:Reconquista
2798:Innocent IV
2782:Ibn Abi Zar
2734:Innocent IV
2702:Ibn Khaldun
2663:in central
2499:Old Dongola
2479:monasticism
2457:(after the
2451:Manichaeism
2447:Pelagianism
2314:persecution
2223:was mainly
2032:New Zealand
1967:Saint Lucia
1917:El Salvador
1820:Switzerland
1755:Netherlands
1495:Middle East
1437:Philippines
1385:South Korea
1380:North Korea
1315:Afghanistan
1260:South Sudan
1150:Ivory Coast
973:West Africa
933:Catholicism
903:, first in
901:West Africa
867:Middle Ages
813:kingdoms.
741:arrived in
492:Pentecostal
374:(full list)
348:Reformation
313:Constantine
232:Christology
222:Apologetics
215:Holy Spirit
136:Foundations
106:Crucifixion
12978:Missionary
12710:See also:
12701:(Tanzania)
12688:Somaliland
12681:St. Helena
12645:(Portugal)
12620:autonomies
12551:Seychelles
12511:Mozambique
12496:Mauritania
12481:Madagascar
12436:The Gambia
12376:Cape Verde
12232:Irreligion
12044:(Portugal)
12002:Somaliland
11922:Seychelles
11887:Mozambique
11872:Mauritania
11857:Madagascar
11812:The Gambia
11747:Cape Verde
11575:also see.
11225:26 October
11195:2024-03-30
11136:2020-01-03
11097:"About us"
11083:2023-08-08
10766:26 October
10461:26 October
10248:14 October
10218:14 October
10188:14 October
10158:14 October
10125:14 October
10095:14 October
10065:14 October
9999:(1): 1β18.
9909:26 October
9602:2023-08-19
9569:2023-08-19
9536:2023-08-19
9503:2023-08-19
9470:2023-08-19
9423:2024-03-30
9362:2024-03-30
9018:2024-03-30
8985:2023-08-19
8902:16 January
8856:2016-01-26
8755:2009-10-22
8392:5 February
8387:Cherrydeck
8366:5 February
8320:required.)
8137:2021-06-01
7851:26 January
7455:2020-07-19
7422:9004097910
7311:0852550936
6982:2017956010
6726:0521337674
6321:2020-06-15
6110:References
6037:See also:
5940:Mennonites
5938:See also:
5934:Mennonites
5737:See also:
5684:See also:
5598:See also:
5525:See also:
5440:See also:
5391:See also:
5360:See also:
5092:1,966,000
4993:6,010,000
4894:10%-20.9%
4847:Seychelles
4788:9,619,000
4684:1,991,000
4640:Mozambique
4541:Mauritania
4451:8,260,000
4442:Madagascar
4382:1,391,000
4347:1,876,000
4277:7,075,000
4208:1,032,000
4105:1,081,000
4035:2,871,000
3862:3,409,000
3794:4,150,000
3759:2,302,000
3715:Cape Verde
3654:7,662,000
3619:3,746,000
3584:1,416,000
3549:3,943,000
3319:historian
3117:vernacular
3063:See also:
3011:Casablanca
2979:Tizi Ouzou
2685:Almoravids
2615:persecuted
2524:After the
2455:university
2443:Marcionism
2431:Gnosticism
2415:Valentinus
2407:Athanasius
2383:Tertullian
2375:Lactantius
2360:Frumentius
2341:Diocletian
2221:Alexandria
2201:See also:
2022:Micronesia
1897:Costa Rica
1790:San Marino
1750:Montenegro
1730:Luxembourg
1511:Azerbaijan
1472:Uzbekistan
1457:Tajikistan
1392:Kyrgyzstan
1370:Kazakhstan
1345:East Timor
1320:Bangladesh
1240:Seychelles
1205:Mozambique
1190:Mauritania
1175:Madagascar
1065:Cape Verde
961:syncretism
909:Mauritania
897:Portuguese
771:Athanasius
747:Tertullian
552:Irvingians
517:Waldensian
457:Anabaptist
446:Protestant
12501:Mauritius
12129:Religions
11877:Mauritius
11385:13 August
11359:13 August
11333:13 August
11307:13 August
11281:13 August
11014:13 August
10988:13 August
10962:13 August
10936:13 August
10884:13 August
10858:13 August
10832:13 August
10806:13 August
10743:13 August
10717:13 August
10691:13 August
10665:13 August
10639:13 August
10613:13 August
10539:13 August
10513:13 August
10487:13 August
10435:13 August
10395:13 August
10369:13 August
10343:13 August
10317:13 August
10291:13 August
9883:13 August
9857:13 August
9831:13 August
9805:13 August
9779:13 August
9753:13 August
9727:13 August
9679:13 August
9653:13 August
9627:13 August
9287:6 October
8361:213645909
7442:. BRILL.
7358:. BRILL.
7116:170001371
7108:1086-3184
7056:161217907
7040:1528-4212
6916:Cambridge
6904:(1987) .
6876:162471443
6860:0009-6407
6577:165905763
6450:143976274
6154:2074-7705
6047:β 600,000
6028:β 500,000
5948:β 470,000
5885:β 500,000
5879:β 900,000
5873:β 200,000
5867:β 200,000
5861:β 200,000
5855:β 300,000
5849:β 300,000
5843:β 300,000
5837:β 500,000
5807:β 300,000
5801:β 500,000
5795:β 600,000
5789:β 700,000
5739:Calvinism
5725:β 350,000
5716:β 800,000
5686:Methodism
5680:Methodism
5675:β 300,000
5669:β 300,000
5663:β 400,000
5657:β 600,000
5651:β 700,000
5589:β 200,000
5583:β 300,000
5577:β 300,000
5571:β 300,000
5565:β 600,000
5510:β 300,000
5504:β 500,000
5498:β 800,000
5492:β 900,000
5401:β 500 000
5351:Orthodoxy
4762:30β43,5%
4759:10β14,5%
4756:40%- 58%
4574:Mauritius
3453:% Others
3282:messianic
3200:Ahmadiyya
3138:Khama III
3082:, c. 1650
3034:Europeans
3023:Moroccans
2986:Europeans
2927:). Under
2790:Marrakech
2638:Patriarch
2605:From the
2584:martyrdom
2439:Montanism
2391:Pachomius
2379:Augustine
2345:Ethiopian
2343:. In the
2142:Venezuela
2087:Argentina
2002:Australia
1952:Nicaragua
1927:Guatemala
1725:Lithuania
1566:Palestine
1447:Sri Lanka
1442:Singapore
1360:Indonesia
1350:Hong Kong
1195:Mauritius
879:Christian
865:. In the
659:Symbolism
619:Ecumenism
609:Criticism
487:Moravian
482:Methodist
452:Adventist
323:Augustine
273:Tradition
247:Salvation
116:Ascension
36:rock-hewn
13144:Category
13117:See also
12980:agencies
12699:Zanzibar
12670:(France)
12662:Puntland
12651:(France)
12606:Zimbabwe
12581:Tanzania
12426:Ethiopia
12421:Eswatini
12401:Djibouti
12371:Cameroon
12356:Botswana
12222:Hinduism
12187:Buddhism
12068: /
12064: /
12057:(France)
12051: /
12029: /
12025: /
11977:Zimbabwe
11952:Tanzania
11802:Ethiopia
11797:Eswatini
11777:Djibouti
11742:Cameroon
11727:Botswana
11524:(1944).
11249:Archived
11219:Archived
11145:cite web
11113:Archived
10930:Archived
10910:14 March
10904:Archived
10776:cite web
10564:Archived
10455:Archived
10242:Archived
10212:Archived
10182:Archived
10152:Archived
10119:Archived
10089:Archived
10059:Archived
10029:Archived
9952:Archived
9903:Archived
9330:27822349
9281:Archived
9035:Archived
8938:Archived
8920:Archived
8549:July 22,
8186:Archived
8059:20696840
8041:26778582
7717:Archived
7627:27 March
7604:Archived
7048:25659647
6633:Claudius
6525:25808325
6316:Refworld
6052:See also
5527:Baptists
5521:Baptists
5516:β 90,000
5250:Zimbabwe
5050:Tanzania
5027:525,000
4930:0.0002%
4823:570,000
4616:336,000
4583:418,000
4517:348,000
4416:170,000
4243:165,000
4061:Ethiopia
4000:683,000
3923:Djibouti
3724:487,000
3680:Cameroon
3575:Botswana
3479:380,000
3441:Country
3347:Tanzania
3292:and the
3204:Muhammed
3113:polygamy
2921:Catholic
2901:P'ent'ay
2895:and the
2730:Mozarabs
2718:Nefzaoua
2706:Nefzaoua
2689:Kairouan
2681:Almohads
2641:Mark III
2624:al-Hakim
2556:Donatist
2503:Makurian
2471:exegesis
2435:Arianism
2419:Plotinus
2399:Ticonius
2349:Eritrean
2264:Carthage
2132:Suriname
2122:Paraguay
2107:Colombia
2012:Kiribati
1937:Honduras
1907:Dominica
1882:Barbados
1845:Scotland
1805:Slovenia
1800:Slovakia
1775:Portugal
1645:Bulgaria
1462:Thailand
1432:Pakistan
1417:Mongolia
1412:Maldives
1407:Malaysia
1335:Cambodia
1295:Zimbabwe
1270:Tanzania
1120:Ethiopia
1115:Eswatini
1095:Djibouti
1060:Cameroon
1045:Botswana
887:European
859:al-Hakim
783:Ethiopia
755:Felicity
751:Perpetua
677:Glossary
624:Glossary
507:Reformed
477:Lutheran
462:Anglican
396:Catholic
338:Crusades
328:Ignatius
318:Councils
283:Apostles
188:Theology
101:Ministry
91:Nativity
47:a series
45:Part of
32:Ethiopia
28:Lalibela
12668:RΓ©union
12657:(Spain)
12655:Melilla
12649:Mayotte
12643:Madeira
12639:(Spain)
12633:(Spain)
12591:Tunisia
12561:Somalia
12546:Senegal
12526:Nigeria
12516:Namibia
12506:Morocco
12471:Liberia
12466:Lesotho
12416:Eritrea
12391:Comoros
12366:Burundi
12341:Algeria
12252:Judaism
12247:Jainism
12053:RΓ©union
12049:Mayotte
12040:Madeira
12035:(Spain)
12031:Melilla
11962:Tunisia
11932:Somalia
11917:Senegal
11902:Nigeria
11892:Namibia
11882:Morocco
11847:Liberia
11842:Lesotho
11792:Eritrea
11762:Comoros
11737:Burundi
11712:Algeria
11585:(1975)
11551:(1962)
11458:(1967)
11441:(1991)
11431:(1989)
9321:5096425
8846:cia.gov
8106:1464277
8082:15 June
8001:3557421
7984:1464277
6868:3161925
6758:: 198.
6687:3160527
5413:Nigeria
5276:Africa
5254:details
5219:details
5186:details
5151:details
5125:30,000
5120:details
5116:Tunisia
5087:details
5054:details
5022:details
4988:details
4970:11,440
4953:details
4919:details
4915:Somalia
4886:details
4868:27,008
4856:80,000
4851:details
4818:details
4814:Senegal
4783:details
4748:details
4744:Nigeria
4719:85,000
4714:details
4679:details
4675:Namibia
4644:details
4611:details
4607:Morocco
4593:15,649
4578:details
4550:10,000
4545:details
4512:details
4479:details
4446:details
4428:17,665
4411:details
4377:details
4373:Liberia
4342:details
4338:Lesotho
4307:details
4272:details
4238:details
4203:details
4168:details
4140:79,000
4135:details
4117:16,086
4100:details
4065:details
4030:details
4026:Eritrea
4012:30,233
3995:details
3962:details
3932:53,000
3927:details
3892:details
3857:details
3829:15,000
3824:details
3820:Comoros
3789:details
3754:details
3719:details
3684:details
3649:details
3645:Burundi
3614:details
3596:16,986
3579:details
3544:details
3509:details
3474:details
3470:Algeria
3359:Nigeria
3294:Aladura
3274:Nigeria
3221:Aladura
3213:Mahdist
3188:Nigeria
3177:Aladura
3150:Cotonou
3053:Berbers
3042:Italian
3038:Tunisia
3030:Tunisia
3015:Tangier
3006:Tangier
2998:Tangier
2971:Kabylie
2967:Algeria
2856:Kabylia
2665:Algeria
2657:Morocco
2619:Fatimid
2519:Algiers
2505:kingdom
2463:Trinity
2403:Cyprian
2354:, King
2334:Ireland
2322:hermits
2260:Maghreb
2245:Makuria
2241:Nobatia
2229:liturgy
2215:of the
2137:Uruguay
2112:Ecuador
2092:Bolivia
2067:Vanuatu
1995:Oceania
1942:Jamaica
1922:Grenada
1877:Bahamas
1835:England
1825:Ukraine
1780:Romania
1740:Moldova
1700:Ireland
1695:Iceland
1690:Hungary
1680:Germany
1670:Finland
1665:Estonia
1660:Denmark
1655:Czechia
1650:Croatia
1635:Belgium
1630:Belarus
1625:Austria
1620:Andorra
1615:Albania
1556:Lebanon
1526:Georgia
1516:Bahrain
1506:Armenia
1477:Vietnam
1422:Myanmar
1280:Tunisia
1250:Somalia
1235:Senegal
1220:Nigeria
1210:Namibia
1200:Morocco
1165:Liberia
1160:Lesotho
1110:Eritrea
1080:Comoros
1055:Burundi
1030:Algeria
995:History
957:Muslims
941:Central
925:Nigeria
923:, then
803:Makuria
799:Nobatia
787:Eritrea
767:Cyprian
687:Outline
664:Worship
644:Outline
634:Liturgy
614:Culture
467:Baptist
407:Eastern
343:Aquinas
268:History
242:Mission
227:Baptism
200:Trinity
96:Baptism
12757:People
12601:Zambia
12596:Uganda
12536:Rwanda
12486:Malawi
12446:Guinea
12346:Angola
12072:
12055:
12042:
11972:Zambia
11967:Uganda
11907:Rwanda
11862:Malawi
11822:Guinea
11717:Angola
11621:online
11604:online
11587:online
11563:online
11553:online
11485:
11470:online
11460:online
11443:online
11433:online
11423:online
11186:
11074:
11047:
10561:p. 419
9593:
9560:
9527:
9494:
9461:
9414:
9353:
9328:
9318:
9009:
8976:
8729:12 May
8590:
8359:
8349:
8104:
8057:
8039:
7999:
7982:
7965:
7926:
7906:faith.
7897:
7842:
7812:
7749:
7678:
7651:
7576:
7531:
7507:
7480:
7446:
7419:
7389:
7362:
7335:
7308:
7281:
7198:
7163:
7137:
7114:
7106:
7054:
7046:
7038:
6980:
6970:
6926:
6874:
6866:
6858:
6814:
6723:
6685:
6652:
6575:
6541:(1994)
6523:
6513:
6476:17 Aug
6448:
6378:
6350:
6290:
6203:
6175:
6152:
5288:41.7%
5285:21.0%
5282:62.7%
5262:87.0%
5247:
5233:72.3%
5230:20.2%
5227:95.5%
5215:Zambia
5212:
5197:0.04%
5194:0.04%
5179:
5168:1,352
5165:46.7%
5162:41.9%
5159:88.6%
5147:Uganda
5144:
5113:
5102:1,051
5095:29.0%
5080:
5069:1,601
5062:61.4%
5047:
5015:
4996:60.5%
4981:
4961:79.8%
4946:
4933:0.01%
4927:0.01%
4924:1,000
4912:
4901:1,359
4879:
4865:15.2%
4859:94.7%
4844:
4833:1,944
4811:
4800:1,354
4794:56.9%
4791:93.6%
4779:Rwanda
4776:
4765:6,204
4741:
4707:
4696:7,488
4693:76.3%
4690:13.7%
4687:90.0%
4672:
4661:1,024
4658:27.7%
4655:28.4%
4652:56.1%
4637:
4626:5,193
4604:
4586:32.2%
4571:
4560:2,603
4553:0.14%
4538:
4527:1,214
4505:
4487:79.9%
4475:Malawi
4472:
4454:41.0%
4439:
4404:
4390:85.5%
4385:85.5%
4370:
4359:1,963
4350:90.0%
4335:
4324:1,761
4321:61.7%
4318:23.4%
4315:85.1%
4300:
4289:2,039
4283:28.9%
4280:32.8%
4265:
4254:1,192
4249:10.0%
4246:10.0%
4231:
4220:1,069
4199:Guinea
4196:
4185:2,048
4182:58.1%
4179:13.1%
4176:71.2%
4161:
4150:1,948
4131:Gambia
4128:
4114:46.1%
4111:41.9%
4108:88.0%
4093:
4082:1,139
4079:63.4%
4058:
4023:
4006:80.7%
4003:88.7%
3988:
3977:6,723
3955:
3944:2,784
3920:
3885:
3874:4,426
3865:90.7%
3850:
3839:1,230
3817:
3806:1,493
3797:35.0%
3782:
3747:
3736:4,430
3733:10.4%
3730:78.7%
3727:89.1%
3712:
3701:2,324
3698:26.3%
3695:38.4%
3692:65.0%
3677:
3657:75.0%
3642:
3631:1,513
3622:22.0%
3607:
3587:71.6%
3572:
3561:1,583
3552:42.8%
3537:
3526:6,105
3505:Angola
3502:
3491:8,515
3467:
3181:Psalms
3130:martyr
3096:Berber
3092:Coptic
2975:wilaya
2937:France
2876:mellah
2723:Tozeur
2714:Berber
2710:Tozeur
2598:, and
2582:, and
2371:Origen
2330:France
2318:Decius
2301:
2295:
2249:Alodia
2237:Nubian
2213:bishop
2117:Guyana
2097:Brazil
2062:Tuvalu
1957:Panama
1947:Mexico
1892:Canada
1887:Belize
1815:Sweden
1795:Serbia
1785:Russia
1770:Poland
1765:Norway
1745:Monaco
1715:Latvia
1710:Kosovo
1685:Greece
1675:France
1608:Europe
1586:Turkey
1551:Kuwait
1546:Jordan
1541:Israel
1521:Cyprus
1452:Taiwan
1330:Brunei
1325:Bhutan
1290:Zambia
1285:Uganda
1225:Rwanda
1180:Malawi
1140:Guinea
1130:Gambia
1035:Angola
1023:Africa
953:Africa
919:, and
913:Gambia
911:, the
905:Guinea
875:Africa
869:, the
836:. The
807:Alodia
795:Nubian
743:Africa
698:
654:Sermon
649:Prayer
502:Quaker
386:Nicene
353:Luther
205:Father
165:Church
155:Gospel
81:Christ
12637:Ceuta
12622:, and
12576:Sudan
12521:Niger
12476:Libya
12461:Kenya
12441:Ghana
12431:Gabon
12406:Egypt
12351:Benin
12237:Islam
12027:Ceuta
11947:Sudan
11897:Niger
11852:Libya
11837:Kenya
11817:Ghana
11807:Gabon
11782:Egypt
11722:Benin
11533:8 May
11513:also
9105:(PDF)
9098:(PDF)
8723:(PDF)
8716:(PDF)
8651:(PDF)
8357:S2CID
8314:
8102:JSTOR
8055:JSTOR
8037:JSTOR
7997:JSTOR
7980:JSTOR
7963:JSTOR
7529:JSTOR
7112:S2CID
7086:(4).
7052:S2CID
7044:JSTOR
6872:S2CID
6864:JSTOR
6748:(PDF)
6683:JSTOR
6573:S2CID
6470:(PDF)
6446:S2CID
6242:(PDF)
6089:Notes
5417:Kenya
5236:1712
5030:1.5%
5018:Sudan
4826:4.2%
4722:0.5%
4710:Niger
4520:2.4%
4425:1.5%
4422:0.5%
4419:2.7%
4407:Libya
4303:Kenya
4286:3.9%
4211:8.9%
4164:Ghana
4143:4.2%
4096:Gabon
4076:0.7%
4009:8.0%
3958:Egypt
3935:6.0%
3832:2.1%
3540:Benin
3355:Abuja
3208:Sunni
3154:Benin
3108:Jesus
3019:Rabat
2948:Rabat
2802:Bugia
2669:Tunis
2661:Qal'a
2653:Libya
2613:were
2539:jizya
2530:Islam
2423:Arius
2411:Cyril
2356:Ezana
2253:Egypt
2233:Sudan
2225:Greek
2102:Chile
2057:Tonga
2047:Samoa
2037:Palau
2027:Nauru
1932:Haiti
1850:Wales
1810:Spain
1735:Malta
1705:Italy
1596:Yemen
1581:Syria
1571:Qatar
1427:Nepal
1402:Macau
1375:Korea
1365:Japan
1355:India
1340:China
1265:Sudan
1215:Niger
1170:Libya
1155:Kenya
1135:Ghana
1125:Gabon
1100:Egypt
1040:Benin
917:Ghana
883:Bible
826:Islam
820:into
682:Index
629:Index
402:Latin
288:Peter
170:Creed
160:Canon
132:Bible
76:Jesus
13077:USPG
12683:(UK)
12586:Togo
12491:Mali
12386:Chad
11957:Togo
11867:Mali
11757:Chad
11535:2024
11483:ISBN
11387:2011
11361:2011
11335:2011
11309:2011
11283:2011
11257:2018
11227:2014
11184:ISBN
11151:link
11072:ISBN
11045:ISBN
11016:2011
10990:2011
10964:2011
10938:2011
10912:2018
10886:2011
10860:2011
10834:2011
10808:2011
10782:link
10768:2014
10745:2011
10719:2011
10693:2011
10667:2011
10641:2011
10615:2011
10541:2011
10515:2011
10489:2011
10463:2014
10437:2011
10397:2011
10371:2011
10345:2011
10319:2011
10293:2011
10250:2016
10220:2016
10190:2016
10160:2016
10127:2016
10097:2016
10067:2016
10037:2017
9960:2016
9911:2014
9885:2011
9859:2011
9833:2011
9807:2011
9781:2011
9755:2011
9729:2011
9681:2011
9655:2011
9629:2011
9591:ISBN
9558:ISBN
9525:ISBN
9492:ISBN
9459:ISBN
9412:ISBN
9351:ISBN
9326:PMID
9289:2019
9007:ISBN
8974:ISBN
8904:2023
8828:2015
8798:2015
8731:2015
8663:2015
8588:ISBN
8551:2011
8394:2022
8368:2022
8347:ISBN
8220:2015
8214:: 14
8208:IJRR
8084:2020
7924:ISBN
7895:ISBN
7853:2013
7840:ISBN
7810:ISBN
7747:ISBN
7676:ISBN
7649:ISBN
7629:2016
7574:ISBN
7505:ISBN
7478:ISBN
7444:ISBN
7417:ISBN
7387:ISBN
7360:ISBN
7333:ISBN
7306:ISBN
7279:ISBN
7196:ISBN
7161:ISBN
7135:ISBN
7104:ISSN
7036:ISSN
7012:(2:
6978:LCCN
6968:ISBN
6958:and
6924:ISBN
6856:ISSN
6812:ISBN
6721:ISBN
6650:ISBN
6610:2019
6584:2019
6521:OCLC
6511:ISBN
6478:2024
6376:ISBN
6348:ISBN
6288:ISBN
6201:ISBN
6173:ISBN
6150:ISSN
5271:559
5268:63%
5265:17%
5191:200
5083:Togo
5002:30%
4999:30%
4967:75%
4862:82%
4797:26%
4730:665
4508:Mali
4494:902
4461:978
4393:655
4356:45%
4353:45%
4073:64%
4047:566
4044:54%
4038:63%
3970:10%
3909:422
3906:42%
3903:50%
3900:92%
3871:40%
3868:50%
3803:15%
3800:20%
3785:Chad
3771:857
3768:51%
3765:29%
3762:80%
3666:560
3663:15%
3660:60%
3625:18%
3593:66%
3558:15%
3555:27%
3523:25%
3520:50%
3517:75%
3308:and
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