870:
367:
Studies Center, state that the colonial officials and
Christian missionaries assumed the people of the newly conquered lands to be "savage and anarchic", then worsened the ethnic divisions within the Burundi society by assuming that "the peoples of the world could be neatly divided into distinct racial categories and subcategories" in order to competitively convert them to Christianity. The missionaries did not invent ethnic groups, states Longman, because they pre-existed. However, they did create racial significance when these didn't exist before, inadvertently creating ideological divisions and inequalities.
428:
64:
457:
493:
479:
445:
363:
the arrival of Free
Methodists and Anglican missionaries. These missions were closely involved with the colonial project. In post-colonial independent Burundi, Christianity has had a deep engagement with political leaders of Burundi, a country with nearly 11 million citizens and one of the most densely populated nations in Africa (over 1000 people per square mile).
371:
Burundi. The assumptions about the ethnic differences, states
Longman, led to discriminatory practices, questionable distribution of property. The resulting conflicts and retaliatory genocide among Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups, in Burundi - and Rwanda with which Burundi shares history and culture - have attracted widespread dismay and attention.
362:
Larger
Christian missions arrived in Burundi in the early 20th century, during its German colonial rule era, and followed by its Belgian colonial rule era. Catholic and Protestant missionaries arrived in the first two decades of the 20th century, while the 1920s saw the arrival of Baptists, the 1930s
366:
The religious institutions within
Burundi have both been called upon to help heal social divisions, help end civil chaos after political assassinations, and close wounds of mass violence, but they have also been criticized. Some, such as Timothy Longman - a professor and director of the African
370:
Initial conversions to
Catholicism in Burundi were almost exclusively among the Hutu people – the majority in Burundi but one who neither were the rulers nor were part of economic elite. In contrast, the Protestant missionaries gained early conversions in the elite but minority Tutsi people of
1406:
359:
The earliest
Christian missions arrived in 1879, but the missionaries were killed and the king of Burundi who ruled through 1908 had no interest in foreign theology or imported goods.
1065:
418:
In 2022, Freedom House rated
Burundi religious freedom as 3 out of 4, noting that relations between the government and the Catholic Church have worsened in recent years.
1393:
1386:
1374:
1127:
545:
844:
1272:
1112:
594:
1262:
799:
772:
745:
715:
688:
658:
620:
875:
789:
762:
735:
1351:
67:
516:
1362:
521:
413:
898:
1142:
1035:
983:
837:
400:
Islam arrived in
Burundi some 200 years before Christianity through Sunni Arab-Swahili traders active in the
1462:
869:
404:
region. However, Islam has been a minority religion with some presence in the trading towns near the Lake.
38:
427:
908:
1443:
1425:
1182:
893:
383:
382:'s seat. The traditional Catholic and Protestant community has been losing members to more emotional
1412:
1297:
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830:
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541:
506:
354:
1419:
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89:
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678:
648:
1232:
581:
456:
1430:
1337:
1312:
1157:
1152:
1132:
1102:
1087:
963:
8:
1380:
1346:
1322:
1292:
1277:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1202:
1197:
1147:
1072:
1028:
566:
1332:
1327:
1267:
1217:
1177:
1077:
1013:
988:
953:
923:
918:
853:
444:
160:, 23% follow traditional religions, and 10% are Muslims or adherents of other faiths.
1368:
1307:
1252:
1207:
1192:
1172:
1162:
1137:
1082:
1040:
1003:
978:
933:
795:
768:
741:
711:
684:
654:
616:
1317:
1222:
1117:
1008:
993:
883:
511:
395:
1050:
1018:
973:
968:
903:
610:
498:
401:
375:
1023:
998:
948:
943:
938:
484:
63:
1456:
888:
99:
294:
126:
81:
28:
1045:
130:
85:
379:
210:
157:
134:
822:
436:
433:
103:
71:
102:
and its constitution grants complete freedom of religious practice.
913:
492:
195:
958:
153:
95:
646:
608:
463:
138:
107:
322:
251:
142:
48:
120:
374:
In the post-colonial contemporary era, Mushasha in the
740:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 42–46, 62–63.
865:
474:
703:
676:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
1454:
729:
727:
787:
760:
733:
604:
602:
794:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 14–15.
767:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 46–48.
650:Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society
629:
838:
724:
707:Routledge Companion to Christianity in Africa
680:Routledge Companion to Christianity in Africa
672:
670:
599:
125:, about 94% of the population of Burundi is
845:
831:
647:Toyin Falola; Daniel Jean-Jacques (2015).
609:Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010).
576:
574:
667:
710:. Routledge. pp. 369–372, 550–551.
615:. Oxford University Press. p. 221.
588:
62:
571:
1455:
852:
407:
826:
145:), while 2.3% or 'other' or 'none'.
110:are recognised as national holidays.
876:Traditional African religions portal
548:from the original on 10 October 2022
21:Religion in Burundi (2020 estimate)
815:Freedom House, Retrieved 2023-04-25
791:Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda
764:Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda
737:Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda
13:
567:CIA Factbook, Retrieved 2023-04-25
68:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral
14:
1474:
1407:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1128:Democratic Republic of the Congo
868:
491:
477:
455:
443:
426:
152:in 2010, states that 67% of the
118:According to a 2017 estimate in
808:
781:
754:
683:. Routledge. pp. 365–367.
168:
697:
560:
534:
522:Freedom of religion in Burundi
414:Freedom of religion in Burundi
1:
1036:Traditional African religions
527:
704:Elias Kifon Bongmba (2015).
677:Elias Kifon Bongmba (2015).
7:
1188:Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
909:Traditional Berber religion
470:
113:
10:
1479:
1444:African diaspora religions
411:
393:
352:
163:
84:being the dominant faith.
1440:
1345:
1064:
894:Ancient Egyptian religion
860:
653:. ABC-CLIO. p. 121.
584:. CIA The World Factbook.
384:Evangelical Protestantism
378:of Burundi serves as its
344:
336:
331:
321:
316:
308:
303:
293:
288:
283:
273:
260:
250:
245:
237:
232:
224:
219:
209:
204:
194:
189:
184:
177:
57: Other / None (0.2%)
1113:Central African Republic
788:Timothy Longman (2010).
761:Timothy Longman (2010).
734:Timothy Longman (2010).
595:U.S. Department of State
582:"Africa :: Burundi"
389:
517:Bahá'í Faith in Burundi
507:Christianity in Burundi
355:Christianity in Burundi
612:Encyclopedia of Africa
277:Encyclopedia of Africa
150:Encyclopedia of Africa
90:Christian denomination
74:
1273:São Tomé and Príncipe
1263:Republic of the Congo
274:Religions of Burundi
178:Religions of Burundi
66:
1463:Religion in Burundi
1029:Serer creation myth
542:"National Profiles"
408:Freedom of Religion
180:CIA Factbook (2008)
148:An estimate by the
78:Religion in Burundi
1014:Malagasy mythology
924:Bushongo mythology
854:Religion in Africa
75:
39:Traditional faiths
1450:
1449:
1356:other territories
1143:Equatorial Guinea
1041:Tumbuka mythology
1004:Lugbara mythology
989:Khoe/San religion
934:Dahomean religion
801:978-0-521-19139-5
774:978-0-521-19139-5
747:978-0-521-19139-5
717:978-1-134-50577-7
690:978-1-134-50577-7
660:978-1-59884-666-9
622:978-0-19-533770-9
349:
348:
265:
264:
80:is diverse, with
1470:
1066:Sovereign states
1009:Maasai mythology
994:Lotuko mythology
884:Akamba mythology
878:
873:
872:
847:
840:
833:
824:
823:
817:
812:
806:
805:
785:
779:
778:
758:
752:
751:
731:
722:
721:
701:
695:
694:
674:
665:
664:
644:
627:
626:
606:
597:
592:
586:
585:
578:
569:
564:
558:
557:
555:
553:
538:
512:Islam in Burundi
501:
496:
495:
487:
482:
481:
480:
459:
447:
430:
396:Islam in Burundi
271:
270:
175:
174:
92:in the country.
56:
46:
36:
26:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1436:
1355:
1350:
1341:
1060:
1051:Yoruba religion
1019:Mbuti mythology
974:Isoko mythology
904:Bantu mythology
874:
867:
856:
851:
821:
820:
813:
809:
802:
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782:
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499:Religion portal
497:
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402:Lake Tanganyika
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376:Gitega Province
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329:
314:
301:
275:
267:
266:
258:
243:
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88:is the largest
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1426:Western Sahara
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1363:Canary Islands
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1024:Serer religion
1021:
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999:Lozi mythology
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991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
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949:Efik mythology
946:
944:Dogon religion
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939:Dinka religion
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914:Bono mythology
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485:Burundi portal
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191:
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182:
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173:
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167:
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156:'s people are
133:, 35.3% being
115:
112:
53:
43:
33:
23:
19:
18:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
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1189:
1186:
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1183:Guinea-Bissau
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
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1106:
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1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1056:Zulu religion
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
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1020:
1017:
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992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:Igbo religion
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
889:Akan religion
887:
885:
882:
881:
877:
871:
866:
863:
859:
855:
848:
843:
841:
836:
834:
829:
828:
825:
816:
811:
803:
797:
793:
792:
784:
776:
770:
766:
765:
757:
749:
743:
739:
738:
730:
728:
719:
713:
709:
708:
700:
692:
686:
682:
681:
673:
671:
662:
656:
652:
651:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
624:
618:
614:
613:
605:
603:
596:
591:
583:
577:
575:
568:
563:
547:
543:
537:
533:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
500:
494:
489:
486:
475:
465:
458:
453:
450:Gitega Church
446:
441:
438:
435:
429:
424:
423:
422:
419:
415:
405:
403:
397:
387:
385:
381:
377:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
339:
337:Unspecified
335:
326:
324:
320:
311:
307:
298:
296:
295:Christianity
292:
286:
282:
278:
272:
255:
253:
249:
240:
236:
227:
223:
214:
212:
208:
199:
197:
193:
187:
183:
176:
161:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:(58.6% being
128:
124:
122:
111:
109:
105:
101:
100:secular state
97:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
73:
69:
65:
50:
40:
30:
22:
16:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1347:Dependencies
1298:South Africa
1288:Sierra Leone
1097:
1093:Burkina Faso
929:Christianity
899:Baháʼí Faith
810:
790:
783:
763:
756:
736:
706:
699:
679:
649:
611:
590:
562:
550:. Retrieved
536:
420:
417:
399:
373:
369:
365:
361:
358:
309:Traditional
276:
225:Unspecified
169:Christianity
149:
147:
119:
117:
94:
82:Christianity
77:
76:
29:Christianity
20:
15:
1303:South Sudan
1046:Waaqeffanna
137:), 3.4% is
86:Catholicism
1442:See also:
1433:(Tanzania)
1420:Somaliland
1413:St. Helena
1377:(Portugal)
1352:autonomies
1283:Seychelles
1243:Mozambique
1228:Mauritania
1213:Madagascar
1168:The Gambia
1108:Cape Verde
964:Irreligion
552:10 October
528:References
462:Bujumbura
380:archbishop
211:Protestant
158:Christians
135:Protestant
1233:Mauritius
861:Religions
437:Cathedral
434:Bujumbura
284:Religions
196:Catholic
185:Religions
127:Christian
104:Christmas
72:Bujumbura
1457:Category
1431:Zanzibar
1402:(France)
1394:Puntland
1383:(France)
1338:Zimbabwe
1313:Tanzania
1158:Ethiopia
1153:Eswatini
1133:Djibouti
1103:Cameroon
1088:Botswana
954:Hinduism
919:Buddhism
546:Archived
471:See also
141:(mainly
131:Catholic
123:Factbook
114:Overview
1400:Réunion
1389:(Spain)
1387:Melilla
1381:Mayotte
1375:Madeira
1371:(Spain)
1365:(Spain)
1323:Tunisia
1293:Somalia
1278:Senegal
1258:Nigeria
1248:Namibia
1238:Morocco
1203:Liberia
1198:Lesotho
1148:Eritrea
1123:Comoros
1098:Burundi
1073:Algeria
984:Judaism
979:Jainism
341:
328:
313:
300:
289:percent
257:
242:
229:
216:
201:
190:percent
164:History
154:Burundi
96:Burundi
31:(93.4%)
1333:Zambia
1328:Uganda
1268:Rwanda
1218:Malawi
1178:Guinea
1078:Angola
798:
771:
744:
714:
687:
657:
619:
464:Mosque
279:(2010)
238:Other
139:Muslim
108:Easter
55:
51:(2.1%)
47:
45:
41:(4.3%)
37:
35:
27:
25:
1369:Ceuta
1354:, and
1308:Sudan
1253:Niger
1208:Libya
1193:Kenya
1173:Ghana
1163:Gabon
1138:Egypt
1083:Benin
969:Islam
390:Islam
323:Islam
252:Islam
220:23.9%
205:62.1%
143:Sunni
98:is a
49:Islam
1415:(UK)
1318:Togo
1223:Mali
1118:Chad
796:ISBN
769:ISBN
742:ISBN
712:ISBN
685:ISBN
655:ISBN
617:ISBN
554:2022
345:3.6%
261:2.5%
246:3.6%
233:7.9%
106:and
332:10%
317:23%
304:67%
121:CIA
70:in
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