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After hundreds of thousands of years of dormancy, Koʻolau volcano began to erupt again. Some thirty eruptions over the past 500,000 years or so have created many of the landmarks around eastern Oʻahu, such as
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and continued to grow in elevation until about 1.7 million years ago, when the volcano became dormant. The volcano remained dormant for hundreds of thousands of years, during which time
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is what remains of the ancient volcano's summit caldera after the slide. The modern Koʻolau mountain forms Oʻahu's windward coast and rises behind the leeward coast city of
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mountain; and the entire mass subsided considerably. The highest elevation perhaps exceeded 3,000 meters (9,800 ft); today, the summit of the tallest peak, Puʻu
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The Ko‘olau Range is the erosion of remnants of a massive shield volcano, but estimates show evidence that it erupted approximately 2.5 million years ago.
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There are three roads that tunnel through the southern part of the Koʻolau Range, connecting
Honolulu to the Windward Coast. From leeward to windward:
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367:. Remains of this ancient volcano lie as massive fragments strewn nearly 100 miles (160 km) over the ocean floor to the northeast of Oʻahu.
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The volcano is thought to have first erupted on the ocean floor more than 2.5 million years ago. It eventually reached
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It is not a mountain range in the normal sense, because it was formed as a single mountain called Koʻolau
Volcano (
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is visible in the center of the photo, located on the narrow coastal plain paralleling the range.
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View of Koʻolau Range from the top of the ridge, facing northwest. The large town of
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Though during the ancient period, the Ko‘olau Range became a sacred area for the
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is a name given to the dormant fragmented remnant of the eastern or windward
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on the range within part of the Nu‘uanu Pali
Lookout, under the command of
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A non-regular jagged mountain range in Oahu, Honolulu County, Hawaii, US
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635:"Xenoliths in the Honolulu Volcanic Series, Hawaii"
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667:"A geologic tour of the Hawaiian Islands: O'ahu"
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398:ate away at the initially smooth slopes of the
482:The Ko‘olau Range was designated in 1972 as a
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557:is visible on the right side of the image.
471:resulting in the triumphant conquest of
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673:. US Geological Survey. 14 January 2016
1297:Extinct volcanoes of the United States
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363:—slid cataclysmically into the
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1307:National Natural Landmarks in Hawaii
406:is only 945 meters (3,100 ft).
33:View of Koʻolau Range from offshore
13:
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553:, a section of the Koʻolau Range.
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641:. 3 February 1970. Archived from
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1115:1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption
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1211:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
1206:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
1196:Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
241:Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain
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587:
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283:U.S. National Natural Landmark
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1322:Pleistocene shield volcanoes
1312:Polygenetic shield volcanoes
1221:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
671:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
464:. In 1795, the newly-formed
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613:"National Natural Landmark"
530:View of Koʻolau Range with
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1135:2022 eruption of Mauna Loa
1125:1984 eruption of Mauna Loa
1120:1975 eruption of Mauna Loa
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73:2,303 ft (702 m)
63:3,150 ft (960 m)
1317:Pliocene shield volcanoes
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926:North Arch volcanic field
774:South Arch volcanic field
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484:National Natural Landmark
324:National Natural Landmark
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1130:2018 lower Puna eruption
702:Global Volcanism Program
322:. It was designated a
1266:Puna Geothermal Venture
1201:Haleakalā National Park
707:Smithsonian Institution
639:Oxford University Press
615:. National Park Service
1007:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
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101:21.45000°N 157.90000°W
962:French Frigate Shoals
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536:Maunalua (Hawaii Kai)
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894:East Molokai Volcano
889:West Molokai Volcano
645:on 25 September 2014
477:Kamehameha the Great
106:21.45000; -157.90000
1332:Pleistocene Oceania
1302:Mountains of Hawaii
1241:Mauna Loa eruptions
1140:Keanakakoi eruption
97: /
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751:Hawaiian volcanism
507:(Likelike Highway)
469:conducted a battle
416:Honolulu Volcanics
410:Honolulu Volcanics
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43:Highest point
1292:Volcanoes of Oahu
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1226:Kīlauea eruptions
1216:Hawaiian eruption
1145:ʻAilāʻau eruption
1106:Notable eruptions
967:Gardner Pinnacles
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982:Lisianski Island
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462:Native Hawaiians
439:Punchbowl Crater
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252:32,000 - 10,000
180:Hawaiian Islands
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577:"Koolau Range"
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414:Main article:
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312:shield volcano
308:Koʻolau Range
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267:Easiest route
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248:Last eruption
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218:Mountain type
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194:Kilohana (HI)
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142:Koʻolau Range
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22:Koʻolau Range
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1261:Pele's tears
1251:Pele (deity)
1150:Halemaʻumaʻu
992:Midway Atoll
920:
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884:Penguin Bank
856:
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710:. Retrieved
700:
675:. Retrieved
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647:. Retrieved
643:the original
629:
617:. Retrieved
607:
598:
595:"Konahuanui"
589:
580:
571:
551:Nuʻuanu Pali
493:
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459:
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423:Diamond Head
419:
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369:Kāneʻohe Bay
354:
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307:
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174:Parent range
1256:Pele's hair
1236:Limu o Pele
1191:ʻAʻā (lava)
1160:Kīlauea Iki
798:Kīlauea Iki
619:12 December
532:Koko Crater
447:Āliapaʻakai
435:Koko Crater
431:Hanauma Bay
205:Age of rock
104: /
79:Coordinates
1286:Categories
972:Kure Atoll
837:Kahoʻolawe
712:2021-06-28
677:23 October
649:2014-09-25
599:Peakbagger
581:Peakbagger
563:References
404:Kōnāhuanui
318:island of
290:Designated
166:Hawaii, US
92:157°54′0″W
69:Prominence
52:Kōnāhuanui
1175:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
1165:Mauna Ulu
1108:and vents
1037:Daikakuji
1019:Seamounts
987:Maro Reef
874:West Maui
869:Haleakalā
826:Mauna Kea
816:Mauna Loa
810:Mauna Ulu
806:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
427:Koko Head
392:sea level
326:in 1972.
230:Volcanic
117:Geography
89:21°27′0″N
59:Elevation
931:Waiʻanae
911:Honolulu
879:Molokaʻi
821:Hualālai
784:Māhukona
764:Windward
753:topics (
697:"Koolau"
538:visible.
443:Tantalus
384:Kāneʻohe
373:Honolulu
344:Hawaiian
340:windward
316:Hawaiian
260:Climbing
222:Dormant
187:Topo map
158:Location
1097:Yuryaku
1077:Nintoku
1047:Hancock
1042:Detroit
1032:Colahan
1017:Emperor
952:Leeward
921:Koʻolau
900:Niʻihau
794:Kīlauea
789:Hawaiʻi
555:Olomana
517:Gallery
453:History
396:erosion
361:caldera
356:Tokelau
352:toponym
350:of the
348:cognate
338:means "
336:koʻolau
330:Geology
314:of the
199:Geology
35:Lanikai
1184:Topics
1062:Kimmei
1027:Abbott
977:Laysan
916:Kaʻena
858:Lānaʻi
851:Kaʻula
844:Kauaʻi
831:Kohala
445:, and
1092:Yomei
1087:Suiko
1072:Meiji
1057:Kammu
1052:Jingū
1002:Nihoa
954:Isles
906:Oʻahu
766:Isles
473:O'ahu
342:" in
320:Oʻahu
272:trail
1082:Ojin
1067:Koko
864:Maui
755:list
679:2019
621:2012
534:and
293:1972
236:belt
209:1.7
192:USGS
162:Oahu
48:Peak
433:),
232:arc
1288::
808:,
804:,
800:,
705:.
699:.
669:.
658:^
637:.
597:.
579:.
486:.
441:,
437:,
425:,
346:,
254:BP
211:Ma
164:,
812:)
796:(
757:)
743:e
736:t
729:v
715:.
681:.
652:.
623:.
601:.
583:.
429:(
234:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
