1354:, generally triggered by and related to volcanic activity. Seismic activity, as a result, is currently highest in the southern part of the chain. Both historical and modern earthquake databases have correlated higher magnitude earthquakes with flanks of active volcanoes, such as Mauna Loa and Kilauea. The combination of erosional forces, which cause slumping and landslides, with the pressure exerted by rising magma put a great amount of stress on the volcanic flanks. The stress is released when the slope fails, or slips, causing an earthquake. This type of seismicity is unique because the forces driving the system are not always consistent over time, since rates of volcanic activity fluctuate. Seismic hazard near active, seaward volcanic flanks is high, partially because of the especially unpredictable nature of the forces that trigger earthquakes, and partially because these events occur at relatively shallow depths. Flank earthquakes typically occur at depths ranging from 5 to 20 km, increasing the hazard to local infrastructure and communities. Earthquakes and landslides on the island chain have also been known to cause
1568:
1944:
1004:
1127:
1445:
1036:
1532:
996:
1916:
73:
1836:
1958:
1902:
3918:
1930:
57:
1237:
1888:
1733:, non native trees, plants, and animals were introduced. These included species such as rats and pigs, that have preyed on native birds and invertebrates that initially evolved in the absence of such predators. The growing population of humans, especially through European and American colonisation and development, has also led to
1651:, and Native Hawaiian emigration, mostly on whaling ships but also in high numbers as indentured servants and as forced labour, began almost immediately after Cook's arrival. Americans established plantations to grow crops for export. Their farming methods required substantial labor. Waves of permanent immigrants came from
1668:
Kingdom census of 1890, 39,504 in the sole census by the
Republic of Hawaii in 1896, and 37,656 in the first census conducted by the United States in 1900. Thereafter the Native Hawaiian population in Hawaii increased with every census, reaching 680,442 in 2020 (including people of mixed heritage).
1563:
is an active submarine volcano that is expected to become the newest
Hawaiian island when it rises above the ocean's surface in 10,000–100,000 years. Hazards from these volcanoes include lava flows that can destroy and bury the surrounding surface, volcanic gas emissions, earthquakes and tsunamis
1663:
to work in the cane and pineapple fields. The government of Japan organized and gave special protection to its people, who comprised about 25 percent of the
Hawaiian population by 1896. The Hawaiian monarchy encouraged this multi-ethnic society, initially establishing a constitutional monarchy in
2171:
A Voyage to the
Pacific Ocean: Undertaken, by the Command of His Majesty, for Making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere, to Determine the Position and Extent of the West Side of North America, Its Distance from Asia, and the Practicability of a Northern Passage to Europe: Performed Under the
1667:
The population of Native
Hawaiians declined precipitously from an unknown number prior to 1778 (estimated to be around 300,000). It fell to around 142,000 in the 1820s based on a census conducted by American missionaries, 82,203 in the 1850 Hawaiian Kingdom census, 40,622 in the final Hawaiian
1757:
1875:
During the summer months the average temperature is about 84 °F (29 °C), in the winter months it is approximately 79 °F (26 °C). As the temperature is relatively constant over the year the probability of dangerous thunderstorms is approximately low.
1509:
hit the islands on
February 27, 2010. It was relatively minor, but local emergency management officials utilized the latest technology and ordered evacuations in preparation for a possible major event. The Governor declared it a "good drill" for the next major event.
1745:. As a result, many species which depended on forest habitats and food became extinct—with many current species facing extinction. As humans cleared land for farming with the importation of industrialized farming practices through European and American encroachment,
1324:
because basaltic magma is relatively fluid compared with magmas typically involved in more explosive eruptions, such as the andesitic magmas that produce some of the spectacular and dangerous eruptions around the margins of the
Pacific basin.
1606:
using chronometric hygiene analysis, and taxonomic identification selection of samples, puts the initial such settlement of the
Hawaiian Islands sometime between 940-1250 C.E., originating from earlier settlements first established in the
1268:
at a rate of approximately 32 miles (51 km) per million years. Thus, the southeast island is volcanically active, whereas the islands on the northwest end of the archipelago are older and typically smaller, due to longer exposure to
2521:
1772:
had a more significant impact, with the promotion of large-scale single-species export agriculture and livestock grazing. This led to increased clearing of forests, and the development of towns, adding many more species to the
1015:(4,207.3 m or 13,803 ft high). The islands are the tops of massive volcanoes, the bulk of which lie below the sea surface. Ocean depths are colored from violet (5,750 m or 18,860 ft deep northeast of
3066:
1281:, is approximately 0.4 Ma (400,000 years). The only active volcanism in the last 200 years has been on the southeastern island, Hawaiʻi, and on the submerged but growing volcano to the extreme southeast,
1472:
somewhere in the
Pacific. The waves produced by the earthquakes travel at speeds of 400–500 miles per hour (600–800 km/h) and can affect coastal regions thousands of miles (kilometers) away.
1629:
in 1795. The kingdom became prosperous and important for its agriculture and strategic location in the
Pacific. Kamehameha was aided by European military technology that became available once an
1517:
hit the islands on March 11, 2011. It was relatively minor, but local officials ordered evacuations in preparation for a possible major event. The tsunami caused about $ 30.1 million in damages.
3036:
1864:
In general, the lowlands of Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April). Drier conditions generally prevail from May to September. The
2139:
2904:
4233:
1526:
3058:
2420:
2975:
3089:
2206:
1801:
of 1906. The Monument encompasses the northwestern Hawaiian Islands and surrounding waters, forming the largest marine wildlife reserve in the world. In August 2010,
1716:
1273:. The age of the archipelago has been estimated using potassium-argon dating methods. From this study and others, it is estimated that the northwesternmost island,
1406:. Minor to moderate damage was reported on most of the Big Island. Several major roadways became impassable from rock slides, and effects were felt as far away as
1535:
Lava erupting from Kīlauea, one of six active volcanoes in the Hawaiian islands. Kīlauea is the most active, erupting nearly continuously from 1983 to 2018.
1369:
and Sarah J. Lyman and her family. Between 1833 and 1896, approximately 4 or 5 earthquakes were reported per year. Today, earthquakes are monitored by the
3433:
1384:
3.5 or greater from 1974 to 2003, with a total 1533 earthquakes. Hawaii ranked as the state with the third most earthquakes over this time period, after
4226:
3028:
2836:
1336:
on the Earth. The measurement from sea level to summit is more than 2.5 miles (4 km), from sea level to sea floor about 3.1 miles (5 km).
2456:
2942:
1794:
1774:
945:
311:
4657:
2172:
Direction of Captains Cook, Clerke, and Gore, in His Majesty's Ships the Resolution and Discovery, in the Years 1776, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780
1567:
2580:
734:
3337:
876:
450:
4553:
4219:
1164:
805:
663:
2780:
592:
521:
2671:
2123:
4642:
4632:
3606:
2912:
2176:
3147:
1019:) and indigo to light gray (shallowest). Historical lava flows are shown in red, erupting from the summits and rift zones of Mauna Loa,
3358:
2705:
1414:. Power outages lasted for several hours to days. Several water mains ruptured. No deaths or life-threatening injuries were reported.
4543:
2747:
2398:
2242:
1720:
306:). Hawaii is the only U.S. state that is situated entirely on an archipelago, and the only state not geographically connected with
252:, the people native to the islands), the present name for the archipelago is derived from the name of its largest island, Hawaiʻi.
100:
1810:
1051:(even smaller islands) offshore of the major islands (listed above), and individual islets in each atoll. These are just a few:
357:
was one of his sponsors. This name was in use until the 1840s, when the local name "Hawaii" gradually began to take precedence.
2431:
1559:, all on the Big Island. The volcanoes on the remaining islands are extinct as they are no longer over the Hawaii hotspot. The
3177:
2965:
2545:"Petrography and K-Ar Ages of Dredged Volcanic Rocks from the Western Hawaiian Ridge and the Southern Emperor Seamount Chain"
2106:
2079:
3097:
2810:
1849:
but experience many different climates, depending on altitude and surroundings. The islands receive most rainfall from the
1514:
4563:
3601:
3244:
2199:
3954:
3453:
303:
260:
1308:, and so the Hawaiian volcanoes are composed almost entirely of this igneous rock. There is very little coarser-grained
1047:
The state of Hawaii counts 137 "islands" in the Hawaiian chain. This number includes all minor islands (small islands),
3438:
2739:
Trusdell, Frank A.; Chadderton, Amy; Hinchliffe, Graham; Hara, Andrew; Patenge, Brent; Weber, Tom (November 15, 2012).
2030:
1456:, Hawaiʻi, where the tsunami left 61 people dead and 282 seriously injured. The waves reached 35 feet (11 m) high.
360:
The Hawaiian Islands have a total land area of 6,423.4 square miles (16,636.5 km). Except for Midway, which is an
350:
4637:
4301:
3898:
3289:
3221:
3141:
2875:
2275:
1475:
Tsunamis may also originate from the Hawaiian Islands. Explosive volcanic activity can cause tsunamis. The island of
20:
4525:
3415:
3385:
3325:
1991:
1976:
1971:
1764:) and other endemic species have been heavily impacted by human activity, such as invasive species and habitat loss
1712:
4647:
4486:
3586:
2713:
2679:
2602:
2165:
1433:
1374:
1290:
3005:
1498:
on the Big Island has been most affected by tsunamis, where the in-rushing water is accentuated by the shape of
4662:
4242:
3510:
2517:
2133:
1100:
2865:
2568:
2071:
Oceanic Migration: Paths, Sequence, Timing and Range of Prehistoric Migration in the Pacific and Indian Oceans
4667:
4517:
4411:
3893:
3711:
3443:
2378:
2367:
2356:
2345:
2334:
2323:
2312:
2301:
1345:
1151:
295:
2280:
1625:, the ruler of the island of Hawaii, conquered and unified the islands for the first time, establishing the
1328:
Hawaiʻi island (the Big Island) is the biggest and youngest island in the chain, built from five volcanoes.
987:
The eight major islands of Hawaii (Windward Islands) are listed above. All except Kaho'olawe are inhabited.
3530:
2633:
1603:
1429:
1370:
1286:
1095:
310:. The Northwestern islands (sometimes called the Leeward Islands) and surrounding seas are protected as a
1560:
1282:
4596:
4586:
4576:
4533:
4451:
4416:
2238:
2034:
354:
2467:
1680:
4672:
4652:
4627:
4601:
4581:
4491:
4396:
4356:
3834:
3525:
3505:
3204:
2038:
1684:
1630:
1395:
3250:
2430:. State of Hawaii Dept. of Business, Economic Development & Tourism. December 2009. Archived from
4591:
4571:
4456:
4446:
4441:
4421:
3648:
3480:
3475:
1742:
1564:
listed above, submarine eruptions affecting the ocean, and the possibility of an explosive eruption.
24:
2544:
4606:
4548:
4371:
4286:
3771:
3571:
3540:
3341:
1996:
1854:
1806:
1634:
1449:
361:
275:. The islands are about 1,860 miles (3,000 km) from the nearest continent and are part of the
4406:
4401:
4276:
3947:
3847:
3243:
2772:
2683:
1981:
1769:
1381:
2741:"Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Tsunami Runup and Inundation Data for Sites Around the Island of Hawai'i"
2494:"Potassium-Argon Ages of Lavas from the Hawi and Pololu Volcanic Series, Kohala Volcano, Hawaii"
4496:
4461:
4366:
4341:
4119:
3852:
3761:
3751:
3623:
3428:
1986:
1418:
1200:
3485:
2169:
2069:
1402:
area. The initial earthquake was followed approximately five minutes later by a magnitude 5.7
4481:
4431:
4386:
4376:
4361:
4351:
4336:
4316:
4291:
4281:
4271:
3842:
3721:
3628:
3561:
3545:
3131:
2717:
2493:
2042:
1506:
1399:
1293:
documents recent volcanic activity and provides images and interpretations of the volcanism.
1231:
1170:
349:, visited the islands on January 18, 1778, and named them the "Sandwich Islands" in honor of
4051:
2096:
863:
4501:
4476:
4381:
4321:
4296:
4266:
4256:
3888:
3878:
3857:
3515:
3378:
2556:
2505:
1921:
1858:
1277:, is the oldest at approximately 28 million years (Ma); while the southeasternmost island,
1244:
left a trail of underwater mountains across the Pacific over millions of years, called the
1090:
1040:
339:
332:
The date of the first settlements of the Hawaiian Islands is a topic of continuing debate.
2998:"World Heritage Committee inscribes a total of 21 new sites on UNESCO World Heritage List"
2740:
2390:
1320:
is exposed on the islands but is extremely rare. The majority of eruptions in Hawaiʻi are
8:
4436:
4391:
4331:
4306:
4261:
3971:
3903:
3862:
3794:
3269:
1814:
1696:
315:
2934:
2560:
2509:
2231:
4466:
4346:
4311:
4086:
3940:
3819:
3643:
3633:
3618:
3566:
3239:
3210:
2970:
2200:"From Cook to the 1840 Constitution: The Name Change from Sandwich to Hawaiian Islands"
2001:
1778:
1738:
1688:
1147:
1003:
4538:
4471:
4426:
4326:
4149:
4076:
4004:
3726:
3581:
3535:
3500:
3470:
3423:
3307:
3295:
3285:
3227:
3217:
3137:
2871:
2572:
2271:
2129:
2102:
2075:
2006:
1830:
1612:
1589:
1321:
1265:
1261:
1245:
1176:
1126:
1007:
3-D perspective view of the southeastern Hawaiian Islands, with the white summits of
327:
272:
268:
209:
39:
1444:
1138:. Click on the image for a larger view that shows the main islands and the extended
4511:
4139:
4041:
3989:
3883:
3741:
3613:
3495:
3311:
3277:
3169:
2641:
2564:
2513:
1963:
1949:
1893:
1846:
1626:
1480:
1194:
249:
1672:
1398:
with a magnitude of 6.7 off the northwest coast of the island of Hawaii, near the
1035:
294:
occupies the archipelago almost in its entirety (including the mostly uninhabited
4211:
4009:
3999:
3994:
3824:
3804:
3799:
3789:
3666:
3638:
3576:
3490:
3465:
3371:
3329:
3059:"Fact Sheet: President Obama to Create the World's Largest Marine Protected Area"
2802:
2224:
1798:
1608:
1488:
1278:
792:
420:
237:
221:
2838:
Invasive Ecologies: Science and Settler Colonialism in Twentieth-Century Hawai'i
2037:. Cook came across the islands by chance when crossing the Pacific Ocean on his
1483:
over a million years ago; this underwater landslide likely caused tsunamis. The
259:. The islands are exposed peaks of a great undersea mountain range known as the
4164:
4124:
4104:
4056:
4036:
2935:"21 sites added to Unesco World Heritage list – Wikinews, the free news source"
1907:
1865:
1790:
1576:
1539:
Only the two Hawaiian islands furthest to the southeast have active volcanoes:
1333:
1241:
1225:
995:
3299:
1664:
1840 that promised equal voting rights regardless of race, gender, or wealth.
1297:
had been erupting nearly continuously since 1983 when it stopped August 2018.
4621:
4129:
3984:
3922:
3814:
3809:
3231:
2576:
2457:"Tectonics, geochronology, and origin of the Hawaiian-Emperor Volcanic Chain"
2379:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kahoʻolawe Island
2302:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Island of Hawaiʻi
1935:
1839:
1821:
greatly expanded Papahānaumokuākea, quadrupling it from its original size.
1734:
1692:
1531:
1257:
961:
947:
892:
878:
821:
807:
750:
736:
679:
665:
608:
594:
537:
523:
466:
452:
369:
307:
256:
233:
115:
102:
88:
3591:
2464:
The Geology of North America, Volume N: The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii
1380:
Hawaii accounted for 7.3% of the United States' reported earthquakes with a
1115:
1060:
917:
4109:
4094:
3979:
3779:
2346:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Molokaʻi Island
1818:
1676:
1622:
1495:
1484:
1362:
1206:
1075:
299:
186:
72:
23:. For the list of individual islands belonging to the state of Hawaii, see
3460:
3281:
2368:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Niʻihau Island
1540:
508:
4195:
4174:
4026:
2357:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Lānaʻi Island
2335:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kauaʻi Island
1750:
1746:
1730:
1660:
1641:
reached the islands in 1778, the first sustained contact with Europeans.
1618:
1595:
1317:
1253:
1139:
1135:
1105:
333:
217:
3322:
2324:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Oʻahu Island
1857:. Coastal areas in general and especially the south and west flanks, or
1835:
1556:
1491:
is another potential place for a large landslide and resulting tsunami.
1080:
4200:
3731:
3596:
3262:
3258:
2645:
2610:
2313:
U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Maui Island
2161:
2026:
1850:
1648:
1638:
1572:
1469:
1403:
1389:
1366:
1351:
1274:
1212:
346:
342:
287:
241:
1552:
1422:
1294:
3963:
3746:
3671:
3259:
An integrated information website focused on the Hawaiian Archipelago
2997:
1901:
1869:
1644:
1571:
Death of the first European visitor to the Hawaiian Islands, Captain
1548:
1544:
1411:
1329:
1182:
1085:
1012:
1008:
650:
437:
409:
276:
146:
1070:
1055:
579:
4169:
4014:
3784:
3405:
2881:
1957:
1777:. As of 2009, many of the remaining endemic species are considered
1726:
1499:
1407:
1110:
1024:
364:
of the United States, these islands and islets are administered as
196:
56:
4154:
3363:
1853:
on their north and east flanks (the windward side) as a result of
1756:
4179:
4144:
4134:
4061:
3691:
3354:
3029:"Obama expands Papahanaumokuakea marine reserve; plans Oahu trip"
2863:
1476:
1461:
1355:
1313:
1270:
1236:
1020:
721:
704:
280:
264:
3090:"Hawaii Is Now Home to an Ocean Reserve Twice the Size of Texas"
2905:"Hawaii Is Now Home to an Ocean Reserve Twice the Size of Texas"
2738:
2649:
4159:
4071:
4046:
3736:
3696:
3395:
3338:"Hawaiian Volcanoes – Introduction – Department of Geosciences"
2732:
1802:
1700:
1599:
1385:
1309:
1305:
1188:
1028:
846:
365:
291:
176:
2543:
Clague, David A.; Dalrymple, G. Brent; Moberly, Ralph (1975).
4099:
4066:
3756:
3681:
3676:
3130:
Lau, Leung-Ku Stephen; Mink, John Francis (October 1, 2006).
1656:
1652:
1301:
1158:
1065:
1048:
775:
633:
229:
225:
3932:
336:
evidence seems to indicate a settlement as early as 124 AD.
4114:
4031:
3701:
3686:
1465:
1453:
1131:
1016:
562:
491:
2773:"Active Volcanoes of Hawaii | U.S. Geological Survey"
2518:
10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3731:PAOLFT]2.0.CO;2
1691:
governed for a short time until Hawaii was annexed by the
2569:
10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<991:PAKAOD>2.0.CO;2
2160:
1717:
List of animal species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
1468:
that strike the shore. Tsunamis are most often caused by
1146:
Partial islands, atolls, reefs—those west of Niʻihau are
236:, extending some 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) from the
1527:
List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
1332:, taking up over half of the Big Island, is the largest
3136:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 39, 43, 49, 53.
2504:(12). Geology Society of American Bulletin: 3731–3738.
2121:
2048:; he was later killed on the islands on a return visit.
19:"Sandwich Islands" redirects here. For other uses, see
2542:
2466:. The Geology Society of America. 1989. Archived from
2175:. Vol. 2. Nicol and Cadell, London. p. 222.
2074:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 167.
1361:
Most of the early earthquake monitoring took place in
2232:"Guide to State and Local Census Geography – Hawaii"
1883:
2555:(7). Geology Society of America Bulletin: 991–998.
2205:. University of Hawai'i at Manoa Hamilton Library.
4241:
3209:
3203:
2864:Craig R. Elevitch; Kim M. Wilkinson, eds. (2000).
2098:The Mainland Haole: The White Experience in Hawaii
3263:Pacific Region Integrated Data Enterprise (PRIDE)
1121:
4619:
2491:
1410:, Oahu, nearly 150 miles (240 km) from the
3254:. Vol. XI (9th ed.). p. 528-532.
2061:
1775:list of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands
2896:
2268:Kauai‘’s Geologic History: A Simplified Guide.
1502:. Coastal cities have tsunami warning sirens.
44:
4227:
3948:
3379:
2966:"Unesco Adds 21 Sites to World Heritage List"
2025:The old name came from British naval officer
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
2830:
2828:
2088:
2068:Pearce, Charles E.M.; Pearce, F. M. (2010).
2067:
1872:, tend to occur from July through November.
1396:On October 15, 2006, there was an earthquake
3308:Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii
3274:Volcanoes in the Sea: The Geology of Hawaii
428:4,028.0 sq mi (10,432.5 km)
4234:
4220:
3955:
3941:
3386:
3372:
3359:Oregon State University College of Science
2963:
2281:"Hawaiian Encyclopedia : The Islands"
1795:Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
1729:species. Since human settlement, first by
1621:arrived sometime between 940 and 1200 AD.
1011:(4,170 m or 13,680 ft high) and
71:
3112:
2825:
2094:
3276:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
3245:"The Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands"
2101:. Columbia University Press. p. 3.
1834:
1755:
1721:List of invasive plant species in Hawaii
1679:by businessmen (who included members of
1566:
1530:
1443:
1235:
1125:
1034:
1002:
994:
990:
641:552.3 sq mi (1,430.5 km)
570:596.7 sq mi (1,545.4 km)
499:727.2 sq mi (1,883.4 km)
3355:Volcano World |; Your World is Erupting
3238:
3129:
3087:
2902:
2867:Agroforestry Guides for Pacific Islands
2835:Shih, Ashanti Ke Ming (December 2019).
2803:"Hazards | U.S. Geological Survey"
2492:McDougall, IAN; Swanson, D. A. (1972).
1817:. On August 26, 2016, former President
1725:The islands are home to a multitude of
1675:was illegally deposed and placed under
4620:
2583:from the original on November 11, 2011
2549:Geological Society of America Bulletin
2498:Geological Society of America Bulletin
1793:issued a public proclamation creating
1421:in the zone of volcanic activity from
1304:of the hotspot has the composition of
783:140.5 sq mi (363.9 km)
712:260.0 sq mi (673.4 km)
4215:
3936:
3367:
3150:from the original on January 18, 2023
3069:from the original on January 20, 2017
3026:
3008:from the original on December 1, 2019
2753:from the original on February 8, 2017
2609:. USGS. February 2006. Archived from
2607:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory web site
2401:from the original on January 10, 2015
2179:from the original on January 18, 2023
2142:from the original on January 18, 2023
1611:around 1025 to 1120 C.E., and in the
925:44.6 sq mi (115.5 km)
854:69.5 sq mi (180.0 km)
3088:Barnett, Cynthia (August 26, 2016).
2978:from the original on October 1, 2019
2903:Barnett, Cynthia (August 26, 2016).
2834:
2631:
2248:from the original on October 6, 2016
1784:
1615:sometime between 1100 and 1200 C.E.
1594:There is no definitive date for the
1460:The Hawaiian Islands are subject to
321:
3393:
3340:. Corvallis, OR, US. Archived from
3180:from the original on August 7, 2020
3039:from the original on March 29, 2017
2945:from the original on March 29, 2017
2870:. Permanent Agriculture Resources.
2603:"Mauna Loa Earth's Largest Volcano"
2270:Kaua‘i: TEOK Investigations, 2004.
2241:. September 9, 2013. pp. 1–2.
2212:from the original on March 11, 2020
2197:
1134:of the Hawaiian Islands taken from
304:United States Minor Outlying Island
13:
4658:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts
4643:Archipelagoes of the United States
4633:Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean
3501:ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Language)
3195:
2964:Saltzstein, Dan (August 4, 2010).
2266:Blay, Chuck, and Siemers, Robert.
2122:Rayson, Ann; Bauer, Helen (1997).
1699:. In 1959, the islands became the
1260:slowly moved northwestward over a
62:
14:
4684:
3899:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
3333:– SOEST at University of Hawaiʻi.
3133:Hydrology of the Hawaiian Islands
3027:Cocke, Sophie (August 25, 2016).
2813:from the original on June 9, 2023
2783:from the original on June 8, 2023
2524:from the original on May 24, 2022
1428:Earthquakes are monitored by the
1130:A composite satellite image from
21:Sandwich Islands (disambiguation)
3916:
2391:"Hawaii : Image of the Day"
1992:List of mountain peaks of Hawaii
1977:Index of Hawaii-related articles
1972:Hawaii Inter-Island Cable System
1956:
1942:
1928:
1914:
1900:
1886:
1713:Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands
377:
55:
16:Archipelago in the Pacific Ocean
3162:
3081:
3051:
3020:
2990:
2957:
2927:
2857:
2795:
2765:
2714:United States Geological Survey
2698:
2680:United States Geological Survey
2664:
2625:
2595:
2536:
2485:
2449:
2413:
2383:
2372:
2361:
2350:
2339:
2328:
2317:
2306:
2029:, who chose it in honor of the
1809:added Papahānaumokuākea to its
1647:immigration, led by Protestant
1479:had a catastrophic collapse or
1350:The Hawaiian Islands have many
261:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
4243:Geography of the United States
3511:Pearl Harbor National Memorial
3170:"So ist das Wetter auf Hawaii"
2295:
2260:
2191:
2154:
2115:
2019:
1339:
1122:Partial islands, atolls, reefs
576:1,703.5/sq mi (657.7/km)
513:10,023 ft (3,055 m)
442:13,796 ft (4,205 m)
298:), with the sole exception of
1:
3962:
3894:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
3234:– via Internet Archive.
2421:"Hawai'i Facts & Figures"
2055:
1346:List of earthquakes in Hawaii
1152:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
1150:except Midway Atoll—form the
797:3,366 ft (1,026 m)
726:4,961 ft (1,512 m)
655:5,243 ft (1,598 m)
584:4,003 ft (1,220 m)
296:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
240:in the south to northernmost
151:13,796 ft (4,205 m)
3216:. Honolulu, HI: Bess Press.
3176:(in German). July 24, 2015.
1789:On June 15, 2006, President
1747:monocultural crop production
1604:radiocarbon dating in Hawaii
1520:
1513:A tsunami resulting from an
1505:A tsunami resulting from an
1430:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
1417:On May 4, 2018, there was a
1371:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
1287:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
999:Hawaiian Islands from space.
255:The archipelago sits on the
7:
3212:Hawai'i: A Unique Geography
2672:"Hawaii Earthquake History"
2095:Whittaker, Elvi W. (1986).
2035:First Lord of the Admiralty
1879:
1741:, treeless grasslands, and
1439:
937:1,483 ft (452 m)
868:1,250 ft (381 m)
647:132.7/sq mi (51.2/km)
505:225.8/sq mi (87.2/km)
355:First Lord of the Admiralty
10:
4689:
3323:The Ocean Atlas of Hawai‘i
3272:; Abbott, Agatin (2021) .
3202:Morgan, Joseph R. (1996).
2710:Earthquake Hazards Program
2676:Earthquake Hazards Program
2128:. Bess Press. p. 26.
1828:
1824:
1710:
1706:
1602:. However, high-precision
1587:
1583:
1524:
1343:
1252:This chain of islands, or
1229:
1223:
1219:
718:28.3/sq mi (10.9/km)
434:49.8/sq mi (19.2/km)
325:
18:
4562:
4524:
4510:
4249:
4188:
4085:
4077:Wallis and Futuna Islands
3970:
3912:
3871:
3833:
3770:
3710:
3657:
3607:Colleges and universities
3554:
3414:
3402:
2125:Hawaii: The Pacific State
1861:sides, tend to be drier.
1845:The Hawaiian Islands are
1743:environmental degradation
1561:Kamaʻehuakanaloa Seamount
1039:Aerial view of Lēʻahi or
789:24.0/sq mi (9.3/km)
192:
182:
172:
163:
158:
139:
131:
94:
84:
79:
70:
54:
43:
37:
25:List of islands of Hawaii
4638:Archipelagoes of Oceania
4544:Northern Mariana Islands
3439:Discovery and settlement
3033:Honolulu Star Advertiser
2012:
1997:List of Ultras of Hawaii
1855:orographic precipitation
1807:World Heritage Committee
860:1.2/sq mi (0.5/km)
362:unincorporated territory
351:The 4th Earl of Sandwich
183:Unincorporated territory
3315:(registration required)
3251:Encyclopædia Britannica
2706:"Top Earthquake States"
1982:List of birds of Hawaii
1322:Hawaiian-type eruptions
1285:(formerly Loʻihi). The
368:—the 50th state of the
228:, and numerous smaller
213:
45:
4648:Geography of Polynesia
3328:April 7, 2022, at the
3094:NationalGeographic.com
2746:. USGS. pp. 3–4.
2716:. 2003. Archived from
2682:. 1972. Archived from
1987:List of fish of Hawaii
1842:
1765:
1580:
1536:
1457:
1249:
1201:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
1143:
1044:
1032:
1000:
244:. Formerly called the
116:20.90000°N 156.60000°W
4663:Physical oceanography
4189:Polynesian-influenced
3872:Pre-statehood history
3722:French Frigate Shoals
3562:Hawaiian architecture
3282:10.1515/9780824885786
1838:
1759:
1751:multi-species systems
1570:
1534:
1447:
1239:
1232:List of Hawaii rivers
1171:French Frigate Shoals
1129:
1038:
1006:
998:
991:Minor islands, islets
248:by Europeans (not by
4668:Eastern Indo-Pacific
3889:Hawaiian Renaissance
3879:Bayonet Constitution
3270:Macdonald, Gordon A.
3205:"Volcanic Landforms"
2915:on November 16, 2018
2638:chooser.crossref.org
2613:on November 17, 2014
2397:. January 29, 2014.
2031:4th Earl of Sandwich
1922:United States portal
1815:World Heritage Sites
1685:of U.S. Army Marines
1579:on February 14, 1779
1450:1960 Chilean tsunami
931:0/sq mi (0/km)
567:The Gathering Place
121:20.90000; -156.60000
4554:U.S. Virgin Islands
4087:Polynesian outliers
3972:Polynesian triangle
3904:Territory of Hawaii
3772:Notable communities
3240:Johnson, James Yate
3065:. August 26, 2016.
2909:National Geographic
2884:on January 12, 2006
2561:1975GSAB...86..991C
2510:1972GSAB...83.3731M
2437:on October 22, 2008
1768:The arrival of the
1701:50th American state
1697:Territory of Hawaii
1515:earthquake in Japan
1507:earthquake in Chile
1256:, developed as the
1240:Eruptions from the
1154:(Leeward Islands):
957: /
888: /
851:The Forbidden Isle
817: /
780:The Pineapple Isle
746: /
675: /
604: /
533: /
462: /
316:World Heritage Site
234:North Pacific Ocean
112: /
89:North Pacific Ocean
34:
3100:on August 29, 2016
3004:. August 2, 2010.
2971:The New York Times
2941:. August 5, 2010.
2720:on August 31, 2009
2652:on August 26, 2023
2646:10.1785/0120000060
2239:U.S. Census Bureau
2237:. Washington, DC:
2198:Clement, Russell.
2041:in 1778, on board
2002:Maritime fur trade
1843:
1766:
1739:forest degradation
1689:Republic of Hawaii
1581:
1537:
1458:
1365:, by missionaries
1300:Almost all of the
1250:
1144:
1045:
1033:
1001:
962:20.550°N 156.600°W
893:21.900°N 160.167°W
822:20.833°N 156.933°W
751:21.133°N 157.033°W
709:The Friendly Isle
680:22.083°N 159.500°W
609:21.467°N 157.983°W
538:20.800°N 156.333°W
467:19.567°N 155.500°W
405:Maximum elevation
193:Largest settlement
140:Highest point
32:
4673:Marine ecoregions
4653:Geology of Hawaii
4628:Islands of Hawaii
4615:
4614:
4209:
4208:
4005:Marquesas Islands
3930:
3929:
3923:Hawaii portal
2686:on April 19, 2009
2108:978-0-231-05316-7
2081:978-90-481-3826-5
2007:Outline of Hawaii
1868:, and occasional
1831:Climate of Hawaii
1785:National Monument
1762:Drepanis coccinea
1683:) with help from
1627:Kingdom of Hawaii
1613:Marquesas Islands
1590:History of Hawaii
1489:island of Hawaiʻi
1448:Aftermath of the
1246:Emperor Seamounts
1177:Gardner Pinnacles
985:
984:
328:History of Hawaii
322:Islands and reefs
312:National Monument
265:volcanic activity
238:island of Hawaiʻi
202:
201:
4680:
4564:Outlying islands
4518:Washington, D.C.
4512:Federal district
4236:
4229:
4222:
4213:
4212:
4042:Pitcairn Islands
4022:Hawaiian Islands
3990:French Polynesia
3957:
3950:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3884:Hawaiian Kingdom
3762:Pearl and Hermes
3496:Native Hawaiians
3388:
3381:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3344:on March 5, 2012
3316:
3312:Internet Archive
3303:
3255:
3247:
3235:
3215:
3207:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3127:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3096:. Archived from
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2911:. Archived from
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2880:. Archived from
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2648:. Archived from
2629:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2473:on June 11, 2011
2472:
2461:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2425:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2387:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2236:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2065:
2049:
2023:
1966:
1964:Volcanoes portal
1961:
1960:
1952:
1950:Mountains portal
1947:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1894:Geography portal
1891:
1890:
1889:
1481:debris avalanche
1283:Kamaʻehuakanaloa
1195:Lisianski Island
981:
980:
978:
977:
976:
974:
969:
968:
967:20.550; -156.600
963:
958:
955:
954:
953:
950:
922:The Target Isle
912:
911:
909:
908:
907:
905:
900:
899:
898:21.900; -160.167
894:
889:
886:
885:
884:
881:
841:
840:
838:
837:
836:
834:
829:
828:
827:20.833; -156.933
823:
818:
815:
814:
813:
810:
770:
769:
767:
766:
765:
763:
758:
757:
756:21.133; -157.033
752:
747:
744:
743:
742:
739:
699:
698:
696:
695:
694:
692:
687:
686:
685:22.083; -159.500
681:
676:
673:
672:
671:
668:
638:The Garden Isle
628:
627:
625:
624:
623:
621:
616:
615:
614:21.467; -157.983
610:
605:
602:
601:
600:
597:
557:
556:
554:
553:
552:
550:
545:
544:
543:20.800; -156.333
539:
534:
531:
530:
529:
526:
496:The Valley Isle
486:
485:
483:
482:
481:
479:
474:
473:
472:19.567; -155.500
468:
463:
460:
459:
458:
455:
382:
381:
246:Sandwich Islands
222:volcanic islands
214:Mokupuni Hawaiʻi
206:Hawaiian Islands
127:
126:
124:
123:
122:
117:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
75:
63:Windward Islands
59:
48:
46:Mokupuni Hawaiʻi
35:
33:Hawaiian Islands
31:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4558:
4520:
4506:
4245:
4240:
4210:
4205:
4184:
4081:
4010:Society Islands
4000:Gambier Islands
3995:Austral Islands
3966:
3961:
3931:
3926:
3917:
3915:
3908:
3867:
3829:
3766:
3713:
3706:
3653:
3550:
3466:Hawaiianization
3410:
3398:
3392:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3330:Wayback Machine
3314:
3292:
3268:
3224:
3201:
3198:
3196:Further reading
3193:
3183:
3181:
3174:Hawaiiurlaub.de
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3144:
3128:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2878:
2862:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2833:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2784:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2614:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2541:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2296:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2136:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2024:
2020:
2015:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1866:tropical storms
1833:
1827:
1799:Antiquities Act
1787:
1723:
1709:
1695:in 1898 as the
1681:the Dole family
1661:the Philippines
1609:Society Islands
1592:
1586:
1529:
1523:
1442:
1348:
1342:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1124:
993:
972:
970:
966:
964:
960:
959:
956:
951:
948:
946:
944:
943:
934:Puʻu Moaulanui
903:
901:
897:
895:
891:
890:
887:
882:
879:
877:
875:
874:
832:
830:
826:
824:
820:
819:
816:
811:
808:
806:
804:
803:
761:
759:
755:
753:
749:
748:
745:
740:
737:
735:
733:
732:
690:
688:
684:
682:
678:
677:
674:
669:
666:
664:
662:
661:
619:
617:
613:
611:
607:
606:
603:
598:
595:
593:
591:
590:
548:
546:
542:
540:
536:
535:
532:
527:
524:
522:
520:
519:
477:
475:
471:
469:
465:
464:
461:
456:
453:
451:
449:
448:
425:The Big Island
395:
380:
330:
324:
220:of eight major
168:
154:
120:
118:
114:
111:
106:
103:
101:
99:
98:
66:
50:
49:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4686:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4597:Navassa Island
4594:
4589:
4587:Johnston Atoll
4584:
4579:
4577:Howland Island
4574:
4568:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4534:American Samoa
4530:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4452:South Carolina
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4417:North Carolina
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4125:Kapingamarangi
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4057:Samoan Islands
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4037:Norfolk Island
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3572:Climate change
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3541:Transportation
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3486:Kūʻē Petitions
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3334:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3306:1970 edition:
3290:
3266:
3256:
3236:
3222:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3161:
3142:
3111:
3080:
3063:whitehouse.gov
3050:
3019:
3002:whc.unesco.org
2989:
2956:
2926:
2895:
2876:
2856:
2824:
2794:
2764:
2731:
2697:
2663:
2624:
2594:
2535:
2484:
2448:
2428:state web site
2412:
2382:
2371:
2360:
2349:
2338:
2327:
2316:
2305:
2294:
2259:
2223:
2190:
2153:
2134:
2114:
2107:
2087:
2080:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1953:
1939:
1925:
1911:
1908:Oceania portal
1897:
1881:
1878:
1829:Main article:
1826:
1823:
1791:George W. Bush
1786:
1783:
1708:
1705:
1671:In 1893 Queen
1588:Main article:
1585:
1582:
1577:Kealakekua Bay
1525:Main article:
1522:
1519:
1441:
1438:
1419:6.9 earthquake
1344:Main article:
1341:
1338:
1334:shield volcano
1266:Earth's mantle
1242:Hawaii hotspot
1226:Hawaii hotspot
1224:Main article:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1173:(Kānemilohaʻi)
1168:
1167:(Mokumanamana)
1162:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
992:
989:
983:
982:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
914:
913:
872:
869:
866:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
843:
842:
801:
798:
795:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
772:
771:
730:
727:
724:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
701:
700:
659:
656:
653:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
630:
629:
588:
585:
582:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
559:
558:
517:
514:
511:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
488:
487:
446:
443:
440:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
417:
416:
413:
406:
403:
402:Highest point
400:
397:
392:
389:
386:
379:
376:
334:Archaeological
326:Main article:
323:
320:
273:Earth's mantle
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
161:
160:
159:Administration
156:
155:
153:
152:
149:
143:
141:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
77:
76:
68:
67:
60:
52:
51:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4685:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4602:Palmyra Atoll
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:Jarvis Island
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4492:West Virginia
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4397:New Hampshire
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4357:Massachusetts
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4225:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:Salas y Gómez
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3985:Easter Island
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3925:
3924:
3911:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3712:Northwestern
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:State symbols
3529:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3360:
3356:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3310: at the
3309:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3291:9780824885786
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3223:9781573060219
3219:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3149:
3145:
3143:9780824829483
3139:
3135:
3134:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2960:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2888:September 26,
2883:
2879:
2877:0-9702544-0-7
2873:
2869:
2868:
2860:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2829:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2452:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2298:
2282:
2277:
2276:9780974472300
2273:
2269:
2263:
2252:September 16,
2244:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1940:
1937:
1936:Hawaii portal
1926:
1923:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1840:Lanikai Beach
1837:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:deforestation
1732:
1728:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:United States
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:Liliʻuokalani
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1598:discovery of
1597:
1591:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:on Maui, and
1542:
1533:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:Pacific Plate
1255:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1203:(Holoikauaua)
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1027:volcanoes on
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
997:
988:
979:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
910:
873:
870:
867:
865:
864:Mount Pānīʻau
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
839:
802:
799:
796:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
768:
731:
728:
725:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
697:
660:
657:
654:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
626:
589:
586:
583:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
564:
561:
560:
555:
518:
515:
512:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
484:
447:
444:
441:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
414:
411:
407:
404:
401:
398:
396:(as of 2020)
393:
390:
387:
384:
383:
378:Major islands
375:
373:
371:
370:United States
367:
363:
358:
356:
353:, who as the
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
335:
329:
319:
317:
313:
309:
308:North America
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
279:subregion of
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Pacific Plate
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
175:
171:
167:
166:United States
162:
157:
150:
148:
145:
144:
142:
138:
134:
132:Total islands
130:
125:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
78:
74:
69:
64:
58:
53:
47:
41:
36:
30:
26:
22:
4592:Midway Atoll
4572:Baker Island
4549:Puerto Rico
4457:South Dakota
4447:Rhode Island
4442:Pennsylvania
4422:North Dakota
4110:Duff Islands
4021:
3980:Cook Islands
3914:
3659:Main islands
3658:
3624:Homelessness
3592:Demographics
3517:
3448:
3429:Constitution
3404:
3346:. Retrieved
3342:the original
3321:
3273:
3249:
3211:
3182:. Retrieved
3173:
3164:
3154:November 22,
3152:. Retrieved
3132:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:the original
3093:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3062:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3032:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3001:
2992:
2980:. Retrieved
2969:
2959:
2947:. Retrieved
2938:
2929:
2919:September 2,
2917:. Retrieved
2913:the original
2908:
2898:
2886:. Retrieved
2882:the original
2866:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2845:(PhD thesis)
2842:
2837:
2815:. Retrieved
2807:www.usgs.gov
2806:
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2777:www.usgs.gov
2776:
2767:
2755:. Retrieved
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2718:the original
2709:
2700:
2688:. Retrieved
2684:the original
2675:
2666:
2654:. Retrieved
2650:the original
2637:
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:the original
2606:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2552:
2548:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2501:
2497:
2487:
2475:. Retrieved
2468:the original
2463:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2432:the original
2427:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2394:
2385:
2374:
2363:
2352:
2341:
2330:
2319:
2308:
2297:
2284:. Retrieved
2278:. (Cited in
2267:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2226:
2214:. Retrieved
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2170:
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2124:
2117:
2097:
2090:
2070:
2063:
2044:
2039:Third Voyage
2021:
1874:
1863:
1844:
1819:Barack Obama
1788:
1767:
1761:
1724:
1677:house arrest
1670:
1666:
1649:missionaries
1643:
1623:Kamehameha I
1617:
1593:
1538:
1512:
1504:
1494:The city of
1493:
1485:Hilina Slump
1474:
1459:
1427:
1416:
1394:
1379:
1360:
1349:
1327:
1299:
1251:
1215:(Mokupāpapa)
1207:Midway Atoll
1197:(Papaʻāpoho)
1185:(Nalukākala)
1145:
1106:Mokuʻumeʻume
1076:Mōkōlea Rock
1046:
1041:Diamond Head
986:
580:Mount Kaʻala
374:
359:
338:
331:
300:Midway Atoll
285:
263:, formed by
254:
250:Kānaka Maoli
245:
205:
203:
187:Midway Atoll
165:
29:
4607:Wake Island
4526:Territories
4372:Mississippi
4287:Connecticut
4196:Lau Islands
4150:Ontong Java
4027:New Zealand
3795:Kailua-Kona
3629:LGBT rights
3546:Unification
3444:Earthquakes
3434:Delegations
2757:October 11,
2724:December 9,
2690:December 9,
2656:January 17,
2617:December 9,
2587:January 17,
2528:January 17,
2477:January 17,
2183:October 25,
2146:October 25,
2033:, the then
1851:trade winds
1731:Polynesians
1619:Polynesians
1470:earthquakes
1432:run by the
1373:run by the
1352:earthquakes
1340:Earthquakes
1318:Nephelinite
1254:archipelago
1148:uninhabited
1140:archipelago
1136:outer space
1096:Moku o Loʻe
965: /
896: /
825: /
754: /
683: /
612: /
541: /
470: /
218:archipelago
119: /
107:156°36′00″W
95:Coordinates
40:Native name
4622:Categories
4487:Washington
4407:New Mexico
4402:New Jersey
4277:California
4201:Madagascar
3820:Pearl City
3672:Kahoʻolawe
3476:Hurricanes
3461:Government
3300:1253313940
2632:crossref.
2166:James King
2162:James Cook
2135:1573060968
2056:References
2045:Resolution
2027:James Cook
1870:hurricanes
1797:under the
1779:endangered
1711:See also:
1639:James Cook
1631:expedition
1596:Polynesian
1573:James Cook
1404:aftershock
1390:California
1367:Titus Coan
1275:Kure Atoll
1230:See also:
1213:Kure Atoll
1209:(Pihemanu)
1179:(Pūhāhonu)
1161:(Mokumana)
1116:Nā Mokulua
1061:Kāohikaipu
971: (
918:Kahoʻolawe
902: (
831: (
793:Lānaʻihale
760: (
689: (
618: (
573:1,016,508
547: (
476: (
394:Population
343:James Cook
288:U.S. state
242:Kure Atoll
224:, several
104:20°54′00″N
4497:Wisconsin
4462:Tennessee
4367:Minnesota
4342:Louisiana
3964:Polynesia
3747:Maro Reef
3742:Lisianski
3602:Education
3449:Geography
3409:(capital)
3394:State of
3261:from the
3232:693187693
3104:March 28,
3073:March 28,
3043:March 28,
3012:March 28,
2982:March 28,
2949:March 28,
2634:"Chooser"
2577:0016-7606
1770:Europeans
1749:replaced
1637:explorer
1549:Mauna Kea
1545:Mauna Loa
1541:Haleakalā
1521:Volcanoes
1412:epicenter
1382:magnitude
1330:Mauna Loa
1183:Maro Reef
1086:Moku Manu
1013:Mauna Kea
1009:Mauna Loa
973:Kahoolawe
651:Kawaikini
509:Haleakalā
438:Mauna Kea
415:Location
388:Nickname
277:Polynesia
216:) are an
147:Mauna Kea
80:Geography
65:of Hawaii
4482:Virginia
4432:Oklahoma
4412:New York
4387:Nebraska
4377:Missouri
4362:Michigan
4352:Maryland
4337:Kentucky
4317:Illinois
4292:Delaware
4282:Colorado
4272:Arkansas
4170:Sikaiana
4140:Nukumanu
4015:Tuamotus
3848:Honolulu
3835:Counties
3800:Kāneʻohe
3785:Honolulu
3692:Molokaʻi
3644:Politics
3634:Folklore
3619:Gun laws
3567:Abortion
3454:Seamount
3406:Honolulu
3326:Archived
3242:(1880).
3184:June 24,
3178:Archived
3148:Archived
3067:Archived
3037:Archived
3006:Archived
2976:Archived
2943:Archived
2939:Wikinews
2843:ProQuest
2811:Archived
2781:Archived
2748:Archived
2581:Archived
2522:Archived
2399:Archived
2395:nasa.gov
2286:June 20,
2243:Archived
2216:June 17,
2207:Archived
2177:Archived
2168:(1784).
2140:Archived
1880:See also
1847:tropical
1760:'I'iwi (
1645:American
1557:Hualalai
1500:Hilo Bay
1477:Molokaʻi
1464:, great
1462:tsunamis
1440:Tsunamis
1408:Honolulu
1356:tsunamis
1111:Molokini
1101:Moku Ola
1091:Mokuauia
1081:Mokoliʻi
1043:, Oʻahu
1025:Hualalai
952:156°36′W
883:160°10′W
812:156°56′W
741:157°02′W
729:1.9–1.8
705:Molokaʻi
670:159°30′W
599:157°59′W
587:3.7–2.6
528:156°20′W
516:1.3–0.8
502:164,221
457:155°30′W
431:200,629
399:Density
210:Hawaiian
197:Honolulu
85:Location
4502:Wyoming
4477:Vermont
4382:Montana
4322:Indiana
4302:Georgia
4297:Florida
4267:Arizona
4257:Alabama
4180:Tikopia
4165:Rennell
4145:Nukuoro
4135:Nuguria
4105:Bellona
4062:Tokelau
3853:Kalawao
3843:Hawaiʻi
3825:Waipahu
3805:Kapolei
3790:Kahului
3727:Gardner
3714:Islands
3697:Niʻihau
3667:Hawaiʻi
3597:Economy
3587:Culture
3582:Cuisine
3555:Society
3536:Tourism
3518:Arizona
3481:Islands
3471:History
3424:Outline
3348:May 12,
2817:June 9,
2787:June 9,
2557:Bibcode
2506:Bibcode
2441:May 23,
2405:June 4,
1859:leeward
1825:Climate
1727:endemic
1707:Ecology
1635:British
1633:led by
1584:History
1553:Kilauea
1487:on the
1423:Kīlauea
1314:diabase
1295:Kīlauea
1289:of the
1279:Hawaiʻi
1271:erosion
1264:in the
1262:hotspot
1220:Geology
1029:Hawaiʻi
1021:Kilauea
949:20°33′N
880:21°54′N
847:Niʻihau
809:20°50′N
762:Molokai
738:21°08′N
722:Kamakou
667:22°05′N
644:73,298
596:21°28′N
525:20°48′N
454:19°34′N
421:Hawaiʻi
385:Island
340:Captain
281:Oceania
271:in the
269:hotspot
267:over a
232:in the
4437:Oregon
4392:Nevada
4332:Kansas
4307:Hawaii
4262:Alaska
4250:States
4160:Pileni
4120:Futuna
4072:Tuvalu
4047:Rotuma
3858:Kauaʻi
3815:Līhuʻe
3752:Necker
3737:Laysan
3682:Lānaʻi
3677:Kauaʻi
3649:Sports
3614:Energy
3526:People
3416:Topics
3396:Hawaii
3298:
3288:
3230:
3220:
3140:
2874:
2849:May 8,
2575:
2274:
2132:
2105:
2078:
1803:UNESCO
1719:, and
1687:. The
1659:, and
1600:Hawaii
1555:, and
1386:Alaska
1310:gabbro
1306:basalt
1191:(Kauō)
1189:Laysan
1165:Necker
1071:Mānana
1056:Kaʻula
1049:islets
1023:, and
904:Niihau
786:3,367
776:Lānaʻi
715:7,345
634:Kauaʻi
478:Hawaii
366:Hawaii
292:Hawaii
230:islets
226:atolls
177:Hawaii
4467:Texas
4347:Maine
4312:Idaho
4175:Takuu
4155:Ouvéa
4100:Anuta
4095:Aniwa
4067:Tonga
3810:Kihei
3757:Nihoa
3702:Oʻahu
3639:Media
3577:Crime
3506:Parks
3491:Music
2751:(PDF)
2744:(PDF)
2471:(PDF)
2460:(PDF)
2435:(PDF)
2424:(PDF)
2246:(PDF)
2235:(PDF)
2210:(PDF)
2203:(PDF)
2013:Notes
1657:China
1653:Japan
1575:, at
1466:waves
1302:magma
1159:Nihoa
1066:Lehua
833:Lanai
691:Kauai
563:Oʻahu
408:Age (
391:Area
173:State
4539:Guam
4472:Utah
4427:Ohio
4327:Iowa
4130:Mele
4115:Emae
4032:Niue
3863:Maui
3780:Hilo
3732:Kure
3687:Maui
3516:USS
3350:2012
3296:OCLC
3286:ISBN
3228:OCLC
3218:ISBN
3186:2020
3156:2015
3138:ISBN
3106:2017
3075:2017
3045:2017
3014:2017
2984:2017
2951:2017
2921:2016
2890:2005
2872:ISBN
2851:2024
2819:2023
2789:2023
2759:2016
2726:2009
2692:2009
2658:2024
2619:2009
2589:2011
2573:ISSN
2530:2011
2479:2011
2443:2010
2407:2015
2288:2012
2272:ISBN
2254:2016
2218:2012
2185:2020
2164:and
2148:2020
2130:ISBN
2103:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2043:HMS
1811:list
1496:Hilo
1454:Hilo
1434:USGS
1400:Kona
1388:and
1375:USGS
1363:Hilo
1312:and
1291:USGS
1132:NASA
1017:Maui
940:1.0
871:4.9
800:1.3
658:5.1
620:Oahu
549:Maui
492:Maui
445:0.4
314:and
286:The
204:The
61:The
3278:doi
2642:doi
2565:doi
2514:doi
1813:of
1805:'s
1753:.
1452:in
857:84
302:(a
290:of
135:137
4624::
3357:–
3294:.
3284:.
3248:.
3226:.
3208:.
3172:.
3146:.
3114:^
3092:.
3061:.
3035:.
3031:.
3000:.
2974:.
2968:.
2937:.
2907:.
2841:.
2827:^
2809:.
2805:.
2779:.
2775:.
2712:.
2708:.
2678:.
2674:.
2640:.
2636:.
2605:.
2579:.
2571:.
2563:.
2553:86
2551:.
2547:.
2520:.
2512:.
2502:83
2500:.
2496:.
2462:.
2426:.
2393:.
2138:.
1781:.
1737:,
1715:,
1703:.
1655:,
1551:,
1547:,
1436:.
1425:.
1392:.
1377:.
1358:.
1316:.
928:0
412:)
410:Ma
372:.
347:RN
345:,
318:.
283:.
212::
42::
4235:e
4228:t
4221:v
3956:e
3949:t
3942:v
3387:e
3380:t
3373:v
3352:.
3302:.
3280::
3265:.
3188:.
3158:.
3108:.
3077:.
3047:.
3016:.
2986:.
2953:.
2923:.
2892:.
2853:.
2821:.
2791:.
2761:.
2728:.
2694:.
2660:.
2644::
2621:.
2591:.
2567::
2559::
2532:.
2516::
2508::
2481:.
2445:.
2409:.
2292:)
2290:.
2256:.
2220:.
2187:.
2150:.
2111:.
2084:.
1248:.
1142:.
1031:.
975:)
906:)
835:)
764:)
693:)
622:)
551:)
480:)
208:(
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
