983:"Kompromat," says David Filipov, "means 'compromising material' that can be used down the road as leverage over somebody. "This was something former KGB officers were telling us here," adds Filipov, "they're not necessarily targeting you. You show up and they say, let's just see what this guy does. So they'll record you, they'll do surveillance, see what you're up to. Some stuff gets in a file and maybe they can use it, maybe they can't use it.
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differs from opposition research, in that such information is used to exert influence over people rather than to simply win elections. Nevertheless, compromising material uncovered by opposition research need not be used in only legal or ethical ways. It can be used to exert influence over
Western
1319:
In other recent cases, Russian operatives have been suspected or accused of placing child pornography on the personal computers of individuals they were attempting to discredit. Russian
Vladimir Bukovsky, 73, a longtime critic of Soviet and Russian leaders, now lives in Britain, where he faces
949:
Kompromat has become a part of the political culture in Russia. Nearly everyone within Russia's business and political elite has at one time or another collected and stored potentially compromising material on their political opponents for future use. Kompromat can be real or fabricated, and
198:). It refers to disparaging information that can be collected, stored, traded, or used strategically across all domains: political, electoral, legal, professional, judicial, media, and business. The origins of the term in Russian trace back to 1930s secret police jargon.
251:
does not necessarily target individuals or groups, but rather collects information that could be useful at a later time. Compromising videos are often produced long in advance of when leverage over people is needed.
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for "prohibited images" found on his computer; however, the case against
Bukovsky was put on hold as investigators tried to determine whether the pornographic images were planted. Bukovsky died in October 2019.
343:
were involved in a sex scandal with a woman claimed to have acted as a
Kremlin honey trap to discredit opposition figures. The video was released only two days before the wedding of Shenderovich's daughter.
245:
is part of the political culture in Russia, with many members of the business and political elite having collected and stored potentially compromising material on their political opponents.
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charges related to child pornography. But the case was delayed while investigators checked to see whether the images on
Bukovsky's computer were placed there by an outside party,
1224:
467:
believed that "General Flynn was compromised," and placed Flynn in "a situation where the national-security adviser essentially could be blackmailed by the
Russians."
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is conducted in the U.S. to find compromising material on political opponents so that such material may be released to weaken those opponents. Some contend that
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on the extent of those contacts placing him in a position vulnerable to blackmail. According to congressional testimony delivered by former Acting
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generally involves drugs, prostitutes, sexual escapades, sleazy business deals, illicit financial schemes, or embezzlement.
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is damaging information about a politician, a businessperson, or other public figure, which may be used to
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featured doctored photographs, planted drugs, grainy videos of liaisons with prostitutes hired by the
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Georgia from
National Awakening to Rose Revolution: Delayed Transition in the Former Soviet Union
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campaign to remove him from this position, has claimed that the
Russian government has acquired
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on the personal computers of individuals they were attempting to discredit. In 2015, the UK's
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How Russia Really Works: The
Informal Practices That Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business
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that stands the test of time is that the compromising information is often sexual in nature.
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during the early 21st century, Russian operatives have been suspected or accused of placing
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Choy, James P. (2020). "Kompromat: A theory of blackmail as a system of governance".
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leaders just as surely as it can be used to exert influence over
Russian leaders.
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328:. It was released after he began looking into charges of corruption by President
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Following a 2016 phone call between incoming-U.S. National Security Adviser
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were published in a newspaper. In 1999, a video aired with a man resembling
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in Britain at the time. During a 1957 visit to Moscow, American journalist
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Vladimir Bukovsky, Revered Soviet Dissident and Putin Critic, Dies at 76
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after photographs of him with prostitutes in a sauna controlled by the
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1455:"Senior British politicians 'targeted by Kremlin' for smear campaigns"
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1337:"Vladimir Bukovsky to be prosecuted over indecent images of children"
1286:
658:
611:
108:
104:
1225:"Amateur model known as 'Katya' revealed as Russian honey trap bait"
884:"Document Claims Russia Has Donald Trump 'Kompromat.' What Is That?"
1491:
430:
374:
1033:"Everything you need to know about the Russian art of 'kompromat'"
610:. BASEES/Routledge series on Russian and East European Studies.
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in bed with two women that later would lead to his dismissal as
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also fell victim to a gay honey trap operation conducted by the
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1427:
1234:
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1257:"Foes of Russia Say Child Pornography Is Planted to Ruin Them"
856:"Foes of Russia Say Child Pornography Is Planted to Ruin Them"
1103:"Settlements prompt review of New Mexico's settlement system"
1487:"Sally Yates: 'We believed that Gen. Flynn was compromised'"
165:
1158:"Sexual blackmail, Russia style: a history of 'kompromat'"
107:, often to exert influence rather than monetary gain, and
1193:"Trump Dossier Spotlights Russian History of 'Kompromat'"
1134:
651:
Mass Media and Political Communication in New Democracies
392:, U.S. intelligence agencies were investigating possibly
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213:
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653:. Routledge/ECPR studies in European political science.
115:, or outright forged, and then publicized by use of a
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1291:"A Russian Word Americans Need To Know: 'Kompromat'"
1128:
Jones, Bryony; Mackintosh, Eliza (12 January 2017).
1522:"Michael Flynn's Questionable Conduct, and Trump's"
1514:
1156:Higgins, Andrew; Kramer, Andrew (12 January 2017).
142:has been one of the characteristic features of the
1308:A Russian Word Americans Need To Know: 'Kompromat'
1385:Nelson, Eliot; Young, Jeffrey (10 January 2017).
746:"How kompromat on a close Macron ally went viral"
644:"Politics and the Media in Post-Communist Russia"
572:The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia
1560:
1453:Townsend, Mark; Smith, David (14 January 2017).
1418:"Trump says Russian 'kompromat' claims are fake"
1324:reported last month, citing other similar cases.
1191:Hodge, Nathan; Grove, Thomas (11 January 2017).
964:"Moscow's long history of gathering 'kompromat'"
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394:compromising personal and financial information
178:, which is short for "compromising material" (
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136:"compromising material"). Widespread use of
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1375:, 28 October 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2020
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916:"What is 'kompromat' and how does it work?"
16:Russian phrase for compromising information
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111:. Kompromat may be acquired from various
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962:Woolf, Christopher (11 January 2017).
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290:which could be used against him since
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882:Waxman, Olivia B. (12 January 2017).
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754:An example of the use of "kompromat"
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1255:Higgins, Andrew (9 December 2016).
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955:
854:Higgins, Andrew (9 December 2016).
13:
1594:Political controversies in Ukraine
1387:"Kompromat? More Like KomproMAGA!"
1030:Tucker, Joshua (12 January 2017).
914:Maher, Richard (12 January 2017).
907:
844:
361:announced that it would prosecute
14:
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1579:Political controversies in Russia
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744:Braun, Elisa (14 February 2020).
371:2016 Russian legislative election
1223:Osborn, Andrew (28 April 2010).
998:Ioffe, Julia (11 January 2017).
766:Journal of Development Economics
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1343:. 27 April 2015. Archived from
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1068:Davidson, Adam (19 July 2018).
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1000:"How Blackmail Works in Russia"
390:2016 U.S. presidential election
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737:
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690:
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607:News Media and Power in Russia
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559:
452:, Flynn allegedly lied to the
164:is a borrowing of the Russian
1:
1485:Wright, Austin (8 May 2017).
1070:"A Theory of Trump Kompromat"
778:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102535
552:
201:
126:comes from Russian (Russian:
649:. In Voltmer, Katrin (ed.).
326:Prosecutor General of Russia
195:komprometiruyushchy material
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697:Wheatley, Jonathan (2005).
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311:Russian Minister of Justice
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61:
10:
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972:Public Radio International
604:Koltsova, Olessia (2006).
335:In April 2010, politician
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1584:Russian words and phrases
1341:Crown Prosecution Service
359:Crown Prosecution Service
292:homosexuality was illegal
184:ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»
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133:ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»
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101:create negative publicity
82:
68:
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47:
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821:Cornell University Press
728:Operation Smear Campaign
1198:The Wall Street Journal
487:Character assassination
448:and Russian ambassador
19:For the 2022 film, see
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284:operation, producing
280:was a victim of a gay
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146:, as well as of other
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1304:National Public Radio
1296:All Things Considered
813:(30 September 2013).
465:Department of Justice
458:U.S. Attorney General
275:British civil servant
86:compromising material
1599:Election campaigning
1501:Capitol News Company
1130:"What is Kompromat?"
707:. pp. 104β105.
661:. pp. 225β226.
527:Negative campaigning
332:and his associates.
315:Solntsevskaya Bratva
222:appear as a form of
76:[kΙmprΙΛmat]
1589:Politics of Ukraine
1392:The Huffington Post
1347:on 18 November 2016
1289:(11 January 2017).
1039:The Washington Post
734:(10 September 2013)
547:Christopher A. Wray
532:Opposition research
502:Discrediting tactic
425:MPs. This includes
396:on President-elect
341:Victor Shenderovich
309:was removed as the
256:Opposition research
206:In the early days,
1574:Politics of Russia
1365:Higgins, Andrew. "
1322:The New York Times
1262:The New York Times
861:The New York Times
811:Ledeneva, Alena V.
732:The Ukrainian Week
705:Ashgate Publishing
655:Abingdon-on-Thames
423:Conservative Party
318:crime organization
148:post-Soviet states
144:politics of Russia
1555:(English website)
1434:. 11 January 2017
678:on 19 August 2006
363:Vladimir Bukovsky
355:child pornography
307:Valentin Kovalyov
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113:security services
103:, as well as for
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671:. Archived from
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421:on high-profile
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823:. p. 288.
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583:. p. 272.
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477:Active measures
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507:False evidence
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1609:Surveillance
1553:ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ.Ru
1532:. Retrieved
1530:. 9 May 2017
1525:
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1504:. Retrieved
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1470:16 September
1468:. Retrieved
1460:The Guardian
1458:
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1436:. Retrieved
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