389:
31:
298:
421:("Sahak" of the Georgian sources) executed. The Georgian nobles who sided with the emir were also punished in a series of reprisal raids commanded by Bugha and his lieutenant Zirak. Many captives were taken; some of them killed. The 9th-10th-century Armenian historian Tovma Artsruni, while recounting the same events in his
416:
239, Bugha burnt the city of
Tbilisi and captured the Emir Sahak and killed him. And also in August, on the 26th, on Saturday, Zirak took Kakha and his son Tarkhuji prisoner." The events described in this inscription were part of Bugha's Caucasian expedition, in the course of which he sacked Tbilisi
369:
The transient warmth of the sun's orb did not seem sweet to him, he looked with indignation at the rising sun, its light was like a storm-cloud looming and for the love of Christ he spat out all of life's pleasures like the blood of teeth in the great desire of his heart and the wisdom of his
202:, the full title of which is "the Life and Passion of the Holy Martyr Kostanti the Georgian, who was Martyred by Jafar, King of Babylonians" (แชแฎแแ แแแแฒ แแ แฌแแแแแแฒ แฌแแแแแกแ แแแฌแแแแกแ แแแกแขแแแขแ แฅแแ แแแแแแกแแฒ, แ แแแแแ แแฌแแแ แแแแแแแแแแแ แแแคแแกแ แฏแแคแแ แแก แแแแ ,
358:, visited Kostanti in prison, first to persuade him and a second time to behead him; in both cases they failed. Then the caliph sent his own servant who put the defiant prisoner to death.
317:. Kostanti amassed a considerable wealth and publicly professed Christianity at the time when the Abbasid political hegemony was strongly felt in the Georgian lands and an
425:, mentions the martyrdom of Kakhay, "of the upper land", and his companion Sevordi at the hands of the Muslims. Another Armenian historian of the early 10th century,
229:
reflects the rise of
Byzantine cultural and political influence and of Georgian nationalism. The text incorporates many other narratives and contains several
248:
620), a text otherwise unknown in
Georgian until 968. It also echoes several passages from the earlier pieces of Georgian hagiography โ the anonymous
699:
206:). Its anonymous author, apparently a monk, identifies himself as a contemporary of Kostanti, saying that the martyr "lived during our time", when
344:. The seasoned captive rejected both offers of wealth in return of apostasy to Islam and threats of torture, remaining steadfast. Two noblemen (
684:
181:
648:
694:
679:
499:
674:
477:
531:
689:
604:
544:
234:
204:
cxorebaj da c'amebaj c'midisa moc'amisa k'ost'ant'isi kartvelisaj, romeli ic'ama babiloelta mepisa dzaparis mier
207:
325:, the erstwhile capital of Kartli. He was respected for his generosity and pilgrimage and donations to
426:
154:
623:
393:
75:
594:
251:
569:
Abashidze, Medea & Rapp, Stephen H. Jr. (2004), "The Life and
Passion of Kostanti-Kaxay".
218:, reigned as a "servant of God". In the same passage, the author also mentions Theodora's son
79:
418:
329:. He was 85, when he was seized, as "a leader and the most noble man in all of Kartli", by
8:
669:
664:
629:
Old
Georgian hagiographical and homiletic texts: Part No. 21. Accessed November 23, 2011.
333:, the Turkic commander of the Abbasid army in the Caucasus, and sent to the court of the
401:
388:
177:
161:
90:
83:
556:
Peeters, P. (1925), "De S. Costantino
Martyre in Babilonia (commentarius, praevius)".
600:
588:
540:
473:
430:
318:
211:
130:
109:
494:
526:
469:
413:
286:
282:
626:
503:
376:
274:
240:
141:. He was subsequently put to death, at the age of 85, for refusing to convert to
36:
330:
278:
173:
134:
30:
658:
490:
405:
400:
Kostanti's patristic biography is corroborated by a stone inscription in the
337:
258:
119:
571:
466:
Christian-Muslim
Relations. a Bibliographical History. Volume 1 (600-900)
219:
146:
636:
198:
Much of
Kostanti-Kakhay's biography is known from the hagiographic work
591:, "Tiflis", in: M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel (1913-36; reprint 1993),
215:
160:
Kakhay's capture is also documented in a
Georgian inscription from the
536:
326:
185:
122:
297:
351:
346:
138:
341:
322:
314:
169:
61:
334:
310:
165:
126:
49:
313:
in 768. "Kakhay" is the sobriquet, indicating his origin from
233:
allusions. Its opening phrases are a literal translation from
355:
230:
150:
142:
65:
392:
Ateni Sioni church inscription of 853, mentioning Kakhay (
191:
429:, refers to seven men martyred under Bugha in 302 of the
637:แแแแกแขแแแขแ แแแฎแ/แแแแกแขแแแขแแแ แฅแแ แแแแแแ แแแแแแ แ (+ 853 แฌ.)
145:. This made Kostanti a subject of the contemporaneous
641:
Konstanti Kakhi/Constantine, Prince of the
Georgians
433:, which corresponds to the year of Kostanti's death.
273:
dates to the early 18th century. First published by
464:Thomas, David & Roggema, Barbara (ed., 2009),
408:, which relates that "on August 5, a Saturday, in
656:
309:, Kostanti-Kakhay was born of a noble family of
383:
113:
522:
520:
518:
516:
29:
483:
387:
296:
285:(N. Vachnadze and K. Kutsia, 1978), and
700:Christian saints from Georgia (country)
649:Georgian National Center of Manuscripts
582:
513:
491:"Great-Martyr Constantine-Kakhi (โ 852)"
489:Machitadze, Archpriest Zakaria (2006),
307:the Life and Passion of Kostanti-Kakhay
271:the Life and Passion of Kostanti-Kakhay
227:the Life and Passion of Kostanti-Kakhay
200:The Life and Passion of Kostanti-Kakhay
193:The Life and Passion of Kostanti-Kakhay
657:
423:History of the House of the Artsrunik'
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
277:in 1882, it has been translated into
168:is mentioned by the 9th-10th century
532:The Literature of Georgia: A History
289:(M. Abashidze and S.H. Rapp, 2004).
417:and had its rebellious Muslim emir
363:Life and Passion of Kostanti-Kakhay
137:during his 853 expedition into the
13:
685:Christian saints killed by Muslims
443:
269:The earliest extant manuscript of
14:
711:
643:). แฅแแ แแแแแ แแกแขแแ แแฃแแ แแแฆแแแฌแแแ (
614:
118:) (768 โ November 10, 853) was a
496:The Lives of the Georgian Saints
129:, who was seized captive by the
354:, who had agreed to convert to
115:แแแแกแขแแแขแ แแแฎแแฒ; แแแแกแขแแแขแ แแแฎแ
563:
550:
255:(570s) and Ioane Sabanisdze's
1:
695:Nobility of Georgia (country)
680:9th-century Christian martyrs
651:. Accessed November 23, 2011.
436:
263:
245:
59:November 10, 853 (aged 84-85)
675:9th-century Christian saints
560:, Novembris, t. IV: 541-554.
292:
7:
645:Georgian Historical Figures
624:Martyrium Constantii Cachae
384:Further historical evidence
10:
716:
510:. Retrieved on 2011-11-23.
599:, vol. 8, p. 754. BRILL,
427:Hovhannes Draskhanakertsi
114:
89:
71:
55:
43:
35:Saint Kostanti Kakhay by
28:
21:
690:Eastern Orthodox martyrs
155:Georgian Orthodox Church
635:Tseradze, Tina (2010).
76:Eastern Orthodox Church
595:Encyclopaedia of Islam
397:
381:
370:repudiation of deceit.
365:ends with moralizing:
302:
301:The Ateni Sioni church
252:Eustathius of Mtskheta
176:. The Georgian church
391:
367:
300:
80:Roman Catholic Church
593:E. J. Brill's First
281:(P. Peeters, 1925),
235:George of Alexandria
164:and his death as a
589:Minorsky, Vladimir
502:2008-06-14 at the
402:Ateni Sioni church
398:
303:
162:Ateni Sioni church
84:Anglican Communion
478:978-90-04-16975-3
419:Ishaq ibn Isma'il
212:Byzantine empress
99:
98:
72:Venerated in
16:Georgian nobleman
707:
634:
622:
608:
586:
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527:Rayfield, Donald
524:
511:
487:
481:
462:
404:in Kartli, near
379:
265:
247:
117:
116:
102:Konstanti Kakhay
33:
23:Konstanti Kakhay
19:
18:
715:
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632:
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504:Wayback Machine
488:
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295:
275:Mikhail Sabinin
257:the Passion of
241:John Chrysostom
196:
106:Konstanti Kakhi
82:
78:
60:
48:
39:
37:Mikhail Sabinin
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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615:External links
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558:Acta Sanctorum
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512:
508:pravoslavie.ru
482:
441:
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375:Translated by
372:
294:
291:
259:Abo of Tbilisi
239:Life of Saint
195:
190:
174:Tovma Artsruni
135:Bugha al-Kabir
125:nobleman from
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73:
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633:(in Georgian)
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621:(in Georgian)
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605:90-04-09794-5
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468:, pp. 852-6.
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305:According to
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222:(r. 842-67).
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535:, pp. 47-8.
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507:
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431:Armenian era
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414:Islamic year
409:
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368:
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270:
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226:
225:In general,
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214:who opposed
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199:
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178:commemorates
159:
105:
101:
100:
597:, 1913-1936
377:D. Rayfield
250:Passion of
220:Michael III
182:November 10
172:chronicler
147:hagiography
95:November 10
670:853 deaths
665:768 births
659:Categories
579:: 137-173.
437:References
216:iconoclasm
572:Le Musรฉon
537:Routledge
410:koronikon
327:Jerusalem
319:Arab emir
293:Biography
120:Christian
529:(2000),
500:Archived
412:73, the
373:โ
352:Somkhiti
347:eristavi
231:biblical
208:Theodora
170:Armenian
139:Caucasus
133:general
123:Georgian
110:Georgian
350:) from
342:Samarra
323:Tbilisi
321:sat at
315:Kakheti
287:English
283:Russian
180:him on
153:of the
131:Abbasid
62:Samarra
603:
543:
476:
335:caliph
311:Kartli
266:790).
210:, the
166:martyr
149:and a
127:Kartli
112::
50:Kartli
647:) by
627:TITUS
493:, in
470:BRILL
394:แฉแ แพแ แ
356:Islam
331:Bugha
279:Latin
151:saint
143:Islam
91:Feast
601:ISBN
575:17,
541:ISBN
474:ISBN
406:Gori
361:The
186:O.S.
66:Iraq
56:Died
44:Born
577:1-2
340:in
237:'s
188:).
104:or
47:768
661::
539:,
515:^
506:.
472:,
445:^
264:c.
246:c.
157:.
64:,
639:(
607:.
547:.
480:.
396:)
262:(
244:(
184:(
108:(
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