Korean State Railway

888:, which had been initially electrified in 1948 but destroyed during the Korean War, was completed with Soviet assistance on 25 May 1956, but the large-scale electrification of North Korea's rail lines began only in 1958; by the end of the 1960s, nearly 900 km (560 mi) of lines had been electrified, and by 1973, when the electrification of the P'yŏngra Line was completed, over 1,300 km (810 mi) of lines had been electrified, realising the goal of electrifying all major trunk lines. Electrification of the lines was accompanied by the manufacture of electric locomotives. Domestic production of small electric locomotives for use in mines had begun in 1958, but production of mainline electric locomotives didn't start until a few years later. Although the USSR had promised to deliver Soviet-made electric locomotives to North Korea, this never took place, so to supplement the sixteen electric locomotives inherited from Sentetsu, in 1958 Kukch'ŏl ordered ten 857:; the efforts were both focussed on and aided by the railways. Development was also aided by the fact that, during the colonial era, most Japanese construction of heavy industry including machine manufacturing, as well as the bulk of railway development, took place in the north of the country; the DPRK was also blessed with an abundance of natural resources and a number of large hydroelectric power plants that had also been built by the Japanese. Much of the work done on the railways in this period was focussed on the electrification of trunk lines. Due to the increased importance placed on the railways, by 1965 Kukch'ŏl was transferred from the Ministry of Transport to a newly established Ministry of Railways (조선 민주주의 인민 공화국 철도성, 1689:

Railways in September of that year, announced that due to the critical state of electricity generation in the country, electricity could not be guaranteed for the operation of trains, and consequently the use of steam locomotives would be reinstated on some lines. Despite having reached the end of their service lives years before, Kukch'ŏl was nevertheless forced to rely once again on Japanese-built steam locomotives built before the Liberation of Korea. However, political reasons made it impossible to admit that the country, which only twenty years earlier had been self-sufficient in the production of rolling stock, was unable to supply much-needed new locomotives. Thus, the most decrepit of the

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By the turn of the millennium, Kukch'ŏl was having difficulties keeping electric trains running, and the fleet of K62s was insufficient to meet the transportation needs, even though demand had been reduced significantly due to ongoing economic difficulties. To alleviate this problem, more M62s from several European countries, along with a sizeable number of second-hand locomotives from China, were imported. At the same time, however, the economic crisis also made it difficult to obtain diesel fuel, and by the late 1990s rail traffic was barely plodding along.

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railway lines had been restored. The north's transportation network was so severely damaged that in many places, the horse was the only viable means of transport; consequently, much of the initial reconstruction efforts were focussed on rebuilding the railways - especially the lines connecting the DPRK to China and Russia, in order to ease the shipment of goods from those two countries. However, some new construction did take place, mostly to complete projects interrupted either by the end of Japanese rule or by the Korean War, such as the

521: 1435:, "Self-Reliance"), declared that everything - economy, scientific advance, and development of industrial technology - should be made entirely domestically. Though a considerable amount was achieved through domestic effort, a fair amount of the advances that were made came from foreign sources and were simply relabelled as North Korean. The 1970s and 1980s can be considered as having been North Korea's "golden age", and though it did not last long, considerable successes in the development of the railways were achieved. 1907:, revealing massive corruption, as a result of which Kim Yong-sam was removed from the position and handed over to the State Security Department. He was then replaced by the current Railways Minister, Chon Kil-su, in October 2008. The investigation revealed that railway workers had stripped nearly 100 locomotives held in strategic reserve for wartime use, selling them to China as scrap metal; as the minister responsible, Kim was held accountable and was removed from his post, and was reportedly executed in March 2009. 1875:, killing 54 and injuring 1,245 people in the blast itself and the subsequent fires, according to official casualty reports. A wide area was reported to have been affected, with some airborne debris reportedly falling across the border in China; the Red Cross reported that 1,850 houses and buildings had been destroyed and another 6,350 had been damaged. The basic restoration of the station was completed within a week, and DPRK–China international train service was reinstated on 28 April. 662: 3176: 2138: 1922:, where construction was planned for a new container terminal to handle freight traffic from Asia Pacific countries to Europe, which would cut down considerably on transit time when compared to shipping by sea. This project fits within the framework of a cooperation agreement made between Russia and North Korea in 2000, and is viewed as the first step in the reconstruction of a Trans-Korean mainline, which would allow the shipment of goods by rail all the way from 36: 45: 3037: 1896:, and footwear and clothing on the return trip to the South. This service, operated by Korail, has been interrupted several times as a result of political events between North and South that have caused the closure of the industrial district. The industrial district was most recently reopened on 16 September 2013 after a five-month shutdown. At the same time, passenger services were reopened on the eastern line to carry passengers to the 1590:, the Juche-class EMU was built for two-system operation - possibly with a view to future operation in South Korea, where AC electrification was used. Trials were carried out around P'yŏngyang, but no further sets were built, suggesting that the experiment was deemed a failure. The set remained in storage until 1998, when it was refurbished, repainted, and put into use on a daily commuter service for scientists between P'yŏngyang and 1973:. The project is to be a build-operate-transfer arrangement, in which the construction, scheduled to take five years, will be funded by the consortium, which will then operate the line for 30 years, after which the Railway Ministry will take over operations and complete ownership of the line. The rail line is to be a double-track line of about 400 km (250 mi) with an operating speed of over 200 km/h (120 mph). 5984: 3156: 1657:- even the most important lines, such as the P'yŏngŭi Line to China. Although work was said to have begun that year, none of the planned double tracking projects has been completed yet. Despite all the lofty plans, between 1990 and 1996 only 67 km (42 mi) of new line was completed; the situation was little better in the second half of the Nineties, with 102 km (63 mi) of new line finished. 454:, 2,879.3 km (1,789.1 mi) (2,466.1 km (1,532.4 mi) of standard gauge, and 413.2 km (256.8 mi) of 762 mm (30.0 in) narrow gauge) was Sentetsu owned, and 851.5 km (529.1 mi) (678.4 km (421.5 mi) of standard gauge and 173.1 km (107.6 mi) of narrow gauge) was privately owned. In September 1945 the rolling stock was 678 locomotives (124 842: 1927:

and construction of a quay, storage areas, industrial and office buildings. A single control centre will manage future operations on the line, which will be capable of handling up to 4 million tonnes of cargo per year from the port. Operation and management of the upgraded line, which cost over 5.5 billion rubles (excluding the cost of the port upgrades), will be handled by a joint venture of the

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semi-automatic signalisation infrastructure dates to the 1970s, and was imported from China and the Soviet Union. The poor state of the infrastructure severely restricts operational speeds - average train speeds are as low as 20 km/h (12 mph)–60 km/h (37 mph) (in South Korea 60 km/h (37 mph)–100 km/h (62 mph) on non-high speed lines): only on the

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the first diesel locomotives from Hungary and the Soviet Union. Once there, though, they have consistently shared the burden with electric and steam locomotives, taking over the latter's share of work on non-electrified lines gradually. Though still in sporadic use, steam had mostly left the North Korean mainlines by the end of the 1970s, and elsewhere by the end of the 1990s.

2986:. On 10 December 1947, Kukch'ŏl had 786 locomotives - 617 standard gauge (141 tank locomotives, 476 tender locomotives), 158 narrow gauge locomotives, eight electric locomotives (standard gauge), and three steam cranes; there were also, as of September 1945, 747 passenger cars, 6,928 freight cars and 29 powered railcars in the North - all of these had been inherited from the 1527:

eliminating steam power from the primary trunk lines had been achieved, with nearly 87.5% of all railway movements being hauled by electric locomotives by the start of the 1980s, the total length of electrified standard gauge rail lines in North Korea reaching 3,940 km (2,450 mi); additionally, trackage within many industrial complexes was also electrified.

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introduced, such as giving companies more independence, the establishment of joint ventures with foreign investors (mostly Chinese, but also some South Korean), bringing foreign exchange rates closer to reality, increasing wages, etc. However, it also included the raising of prices - a bus ticket that had cost 20 chŏn suddenly increased twentyfold to 1

865: 1700:, the first eleven of which were put into service on electrified trunk lines in 1998. For propaganda purposes, these were announced as being new domestically produced locomotives. This was not the only case in which refurbished equipment, or equipment bought second-hand from overseas, was reported as new domestic production: the 649:, and was destroyed; the track was also destroyed, after which the Kyŏngŭi Line remained severed for over 50 years. UN forces were quickly pushed back south of the 38th parallel, and by the end of the year the war had become a stalemate; little exchange of territory happened over the next two years of fighting until the 1848:; this applied to the railways, too: a ticket from P'yŏngyang to Ch'ŏngjin, which had cost 16 wŏn, went up 37 times, to 590 wŏn. Around the same time, some new locomotives were bought from China, and many second-hand locomotives and freight and passenger cars were bought, mostly from China, but also from Russia, 825:, which had been made mostly of wood and had been destroyed during the Korean War, was also rebuilt, with the grandiose stone station building in use today, with a total area of 13,000 m (140,000 sq ft) being opened in 1957. To train new generations of railway engineers and railway workers, the 3081:

has been placing special emphasis on the refurbishment and modernisation of the railways. Due to ongoing economic difficulties in North Korea, maintenance levels are poor; locomotive serviceability is estimated at 50%. However, recent imports of diesel locomotives from China and construction of newer

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Severe floods in the 1990s had taken their toll on North Korea's hydroelectric generation system, and even some mines had flooded - and due to electricity shortages caused by the silting of the dams, there was often little electricity available to run pumps needed to clear the water out of the mines.

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to Europe. The project included restoring 18 bridges, 12 culverts and three tunnels with a combined length of more than 4.5 km, as well as laying 54 km of four-rail dual gauge (1,435 mm and 1,520 mm) track. A transfer terminal at the port is nearing completion, along with dredging

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was completed on 15 April 1997. In 1993, a plan to double track a total of 337 km of lines was started. In the Japanese era, most trunk lines were double tracked; however, needing to rebuild quickly after the extensive destruction of the Korean War, these lines were rebuilt as single track lines

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was completed only in 1988, but further construction was suspended for over twenty years. Regardless, the Sŏhae Kammun and Pukpu Line projects were the largest railway construction projects that the DPRK undertook entirely on its own. As well as building new lines, several existing narrow gauge lines

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and Hasŏng were sufficient to merit construction of a shorter standard gauge line to replace the existing narrow gauge line; the work was completed quickly, and by September of that year the new, 41.7 km (25.9 mi) "Hwanghae Main Line" was opened. However, the rest of the line from Hasŏng to

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With ample coal supplies to fire steam locomotives, and electrification of the rail network being expanded rapidly after the Korean War, dieselisation was not the priority for Kukch'ŏl that it was for many other railways, not starting in earnest until the second half of the 1960s with the arrival of

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already in April 2004, but three subsequent attempts to run trains failed, until finally the military authorities on both sides adopted a security agreement on 11 May 2007, allowing the reopening of the lines on 17 May. The reopening consisted of two ceremonial trains, one over the western line from

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Despite the failure of the high-speed train project, development of electric locomotives continued. A particular problem was the lack of sufficient tractive power on heavy freight trains on mountainous lines, and to address this, an 8-axle articulated locomotive was designed. Based on the Red Flag 2

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visited the reconstruction works in June of that year. Conversion of the Hasŏng—Haeju—Haeju Port section to standard gauge took place in 1958. Work was carried out by youth "volunteer" teams, who finished the project on 12 August 1958 – 75 days after work began. In honour of the efforts of the youth

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had been completed by war's end; the project was revived after the Korean War and finished to P'arwŏn in 1954. Within three months of the armistice, 308 bridges with a total length of 15,000 m (49,000 ft) were either repaired or newly built by railway corps volunteers, and 37 stations were

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Another important aspect of the Ch'ŏllima Movement was the further industrialisation of North Korea. In terms of industry, the Japanese legacy was a fairly extensive network of railways connecting steel mills, chemical plants and other heavy industries with the many mines of the north - coal, iron,

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and Sinŭiju Ch'ŏngnyŏn stations. The train is generally composed of eight coaches and one dining car operating between P'yŏngyang and Sinŭiju, two North Korean sleeping cars between P'yŏngyang and Beijing, and three China Railways coaches and one Korean State Railway sleeping car between P'yŏngyang

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North Korea's national transportation policy focusses on the railway as the primary means of transport for both passengers and freight. Passenger services include both long-distance trains, as well as commuter services for students and workers; freight transport focusses on industrial raw materials

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was bought from Czechoslovakia, including technology transfer, and a number were built to the original design to gain familiarity with the process, but most of the effort was placed on designing the larger, indigenous design. The prototype of the DPRK's first domestically produced mainline electric

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had been completely destroyed, to the extent that salvaging it was deemed uneconomical and was abandoned. Reconstruction, however, started already before the end of the war and, with the aid of the Chinese People's Volunteer Corps, by the time the ceasefire was signed 1,382 km (859 mi) of

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In 1983 the Korean State Railway began operation of P'yŏngyang–Beijing trains as well, using its own rolling stock, and since then Kukch'ŏl and China Railway each operate two weekly round trips between the two capitals. These trains, by far the most important international passenger service in the

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In January 2017, a Russian delegation visited Pyongyang to discuss the expansion of cooperation between Kukch'ŏl and the Russian Railways. This included agreements to allow students at the Pyongyang Railway University to enrol at the Far Eastern Federal University in Khabarovsk, and to allow other

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to Kaesŏng (27 km (17 mi)), and another over the eastern line from Kŭmgangsan to Jejin. The western train was operated from south to north by a Korail locomotive and five coaches, while the eastern train was pulled by a Korean State Railway locomotive and five coaches; each train carried

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Although the reconstruction work on the inter-Korean rail lines was nearly complete by March 2006, it wasn't until 17 May 2007, nearly seven years after negotiations on the subject began between North and South, that they were finally reopened. An agreement on cross-border operations had been made

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Through the 1990s, investment in rolling stock came to a standstill as well. Although a small number of newly built diesel locomotives were imported from Russia in the first half of the decade, the situation had become so dire that in 1998 Kim Yong-sam, who had replaced Pak Yŏng-sŏk as Minister of

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projects. But in the shadow of such lofty visions, North Korea's railways remained in critical condition; to counter this, the government announced the "7.1 Economic Management Improvement Measures" on 1 July 2002, under which a number of reforms like those China had implemented in the 1980s were

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was reached; this was, however, only a 3.7 km (2.3 mi) extension to complete a project begun by a private railway in the colonial era, with most of the line (almost 60 km (37 mi)) being opened in 1943. Some of the newly built lines were 762 mm (30.0 in) narrow gauge,

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of 37, 40, 50, 60 kg/m (75, 81, 101, 121 lb/yd) of domestic, Chinese and Russian manufacture. Riverine gravel and crushed stone ballast is used. Tunnels are of concrete construction; many are in poor condition, having been built during the colonial era. Communications equipment and the

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Although the USSR did not militarily intervene in the Korean War due to fear of criticism from the United Nations (UN), it played a major and active role in post-war reconstruction. Within the context of an economic and technical assistance agreement worth 1 billion rubles signed between the two

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restarted operation of passenger trains just days after the formal partition of Korea in 1945, it was only after the end of the Korean War that regularly scheduled international trains between the DPRK and China were resumed. An agreement on cross-border train service was signed between the two

1996:

as part of a 20-year development project that would modernise around 3,500 km (2,200 mi) of the North Korean rail network, and would include the construction of a north–south freight bypass around P'yŏngyang. The overall project cost is estimated to be around US$ 25 billion, and it is

1401:, opened on 10 June 1965 as a shortcut line leading to a significant reduction in travel time between Chongjin and Rajin, was actually just the completion of the Ch'ŏngra Line project started by Sentetsu in 1945, but whose construction was interrupted by the end of Japanese rule. Similarly, the 2020:

from December 8 to 17. The inspections could only proceed after the UN granted exemptions to sanctions at the end of November; American approval followed on December 21. A groundbreaking ceremony for the railroad and road project was held in Kaesŏng on December 26 with each country sending 100

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nationalised all railways in the Soviet occupation zone; everything related to railway operations came under the aegis of the People's Committee for Transportation. The railways were nearly paralysed by a lack of experienced staff as a result of the expulsion of ethnic Japanese - most railway

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policy only served to exacerbate the situation. Naturally, this seriously affected the railways as well, leading to severe deterioration of rolling stock and infrastructure, which significantly reduced operational capacity and efficiency, and made timetable operations practically impossible.

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and Ch'ŏngjin was energised in 1973. With the electrification of the P'yŏngŭi Line in 1964 and the completion of the P'yŏngra Line project, both of the main trunk lines connecting P'yŏngyang with China and the USSR respectively, became fully electrified. By the end of the 1970s, the goal of

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Narrow-gauge lines in North Korea are built to 762 mm (30.0 in) gauge. Some are electrified at 1500 V DC. While there are such lines all over the country, the most important ones are in the northern part of the country. The longest of the narrow-gauge lines in North Korea is the

1624:; in the same year, a "Railway Modernisation Plan" to further promote development of railway infrastructure was announced. Plans to continue the construction of the Pukpu Line were kept alive; the next stage of this project envisioned the conversion of the existing narrow gauge 578: 1788:

section of on 30 September 2001, and on the 3.7 km (2.3 mi) Imjingang–Torasan section on 12 February 2002. Groundbreaking ceremonies took place in September 2002 for the reconstruction of the Kaesŏng–Torasan section across the DMZ and the reconnection of the former

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Due to the ageing infrastructure, normal operation is made difficult by chronic power shortages and poor state of infrastructure maintenance. Sleepers, tunnels and bridges are in a critically poor state of repair. Tracks are laid on either wooden or concrete sleepers, using

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four times weekly (Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday). Customs and immigration checks take place at Sinŭiju. The trip takes 22 hours 51 minutes from P'yŏngyang to Beijing, and 23 hours 18 minutes from Beijing to P'yŏngyang. Stops made in the DPRK are at P'yŏngyang,

821:) were rebuilt and expanded with Polish assistance. The locomotive factory was reopened on 29 August 1959, while the 4 June Works, manufacturing freight cars as well as repairing steam locomotives and busses, became operational on 15 June 1957. The station building of 608:

and steam locomotives built in Japan after the end of the war and delivered to South Korea as reparations, were taken to North Korea. At the same time, war aid in the form of locomotives and freight cars arrived from friendly socialist countries such as the USSR,

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plundered a great deal of industrial equipment from northern Korea - factory machines, components for hydroelectric dams, and a large number of locomotives and rolling stock. Passengers resorted to riding on the infrequent freight trains, and even on locomotives.

1327:, which were used both for shunting and to pull local trains on branchlines. After this positive initial experience with diesel power, an order was placed for larger, more powerful locomotives suitable for use on heavy mainline trains. Made in the USSR to meet a 832:

Thus, by the end of the 1950s, North Korea's rail network had been restored to what it had been during the period of Japanese rule, with 3,167 km (1,968 mi) of standard gauge and 599 km (372 mi) of narrow-gauge lines once again operational.

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and military traffic, as well as import-export traffic. By putting heavy emphasis on rail transport of goods, by 1983 the amount of traffic transported by rail over an eleven-day period equalled that hauled in the entire year of 1946. Traffic control is by

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engineers and mechanics assisted in North Korea with the repair of damaged steam locomotives and rolling stock. With extensive Soviet and Chinese assistance, the railways were rebuilt and further expanded. A replacement railway bridge was opened over the

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On 5 February 1954, an agreement signed between China and the DPRK on cross-border train service, and a Beijing-Pyongyang through-train service began on 3 June of that year, using China Railways rolling stock. The connection with the USSR across the

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In recent years, extensive work has begun on refurbishing the rail network and power generation capabilities in the country, but diesels continue to play their significant role in hauling passenger and freight trains on the various mainlines, and

1554:, and these were used by Kukch'ŏl until the line was destroyed during the Korean War, and no further electric railcars were used after that for many years. However, the opening of the P'yŏngyang Metro, along with worldwide attention on high-speed 2327:

In recent years, emphasis has been placed on moving away from railway to road transport for movements of 150 km (93 mi)–200 km (120 mi) or less, due to the greater cost effectiveness of road transport over short distances.

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was unveiled in 1981, production began in 1986 and it was put into service in 1987. In technical terms, they were essentially just two permanently-coupled Red Flag 2-class locomotives, representing little innovation over the original design.

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In the 1970s, North Korea aimed to further develop the railways through the promotion of science and technology. In the "Six-Year Plan for People's Economic Development" that started in 1971, Kim Il Sung, under the slogan "자력 갱생"

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Thus, though at a slow pace, development of North Korea's railways continued. Entering the 1990s, Kukch'ŏl continued with its plans for electrification of the entire network. After the electrification of part of the narrow gauge

1852:, Poland, Germany, and even Switzerland, were brought in to help ameliorate the situation on North Korea's railways. Money was also invested in the reconstruction of railway stations - a completely new station was built at 2076:, also subordinate to the Ministry, also takes part in design work and design review), and product inspection; inspection of the products of the factories is also undertaken by the national quality inspection board. 916:

visited the plant for the occasion and chose the locomotive's name personally. Serial production started in 1962, with twenty built that year, followed by another thirty in 1963; eventually, over 150 were built.

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in 1973; though most of the trolleybusses were built in North Korea to Czechoslovak and Soviet designs, the metro - despite claims of being entirely of domestic production - used mostly equipment supplied from

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North Korea has an extensive network of standard and narrow gauge rail lines, roughly forming an H-shape, with an east–west mainline connecting the two north–south mainlines on the eastern and western coasts.

2016:. Inter-Korean teams inspected North Korean railroads from November 30 to December 17; the railroads were found to be in poor condition. The Gyeongui Line was inspected from November 30 to December 5, and the 707:

class electric locomotives to North Korea. China provided 800 million RMB worth of assistance, along with considerable aid from socialist countries in Eastern Europe, especially Poland: between 1954 and 1956,

532:) was created as a department of the Ministry of Transportation in 1948 after the founding of North Korea. Initially, Kukch'ŏl had 3,767 km (2,341 mi) of functional railway, including the restored 5235: 2071:

There are four research institutes subordinate to the Railway Ministry for scientific research, design review, and the exploration of new technologies for the design and production of rolling stock (the

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services were inaugurated in Ch'ŏngjin (1970), Hamhŭng (1973), Sinŭiju (1978), and Kowŏn (1979), Nampo (1982), P'yŏngsŏng (1983), Haeju (1986), Anju (1987), and others, along with the opening of the

5693: 504:) to the south. In May 1946 crossing the 38th parallel without a permit became illegal, and on 9 August 1946 identification cards became necessary for rail travel in the northern part of Korea. 5395: 2065: 6625: 6499: 749:

was first established during the Korean War in the form of a wooden railway bridge opened in 1952; by the mid-1950s this bridge had become insufficient for the traffic on the line, and the

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in 1974, led the Railway Ministry to direct efforts towards the development of a high-speed train for North Korea, resulting in the unveiling of North Korea's first electric trainset, the

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Haeju remained narrow gauge. The Hwanghae Main Line was, like most other lines, extensively damaged in the Korean War; refurbishment of the Hwanghae Main Line was completed in 1956, and

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North Korea had inherited a fairly extensive network of 762 mm (30.0 in) narrow-gauge rail lines from both Sentetsu and formerly privately owned railways. One of these was the

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and many other metal and non-metal resources; all of these were further expanded during the 1950s. In 1945, a rolling stock repair facility in P'yŏngyang, eventually becoming today's

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which was to have been a new east–west transversal trunk line in the very north of the country, but were only partially completed: though work started in 1981, the first stage, from

1405:, opened by Kukch'ŏl on 6 October 1960, was simply an implementation of an unrealised Sentetsu project of the 1940s to extend a line that had been completed as early as 1929, or the 1393:

opened in 1962 as a fully electrified line, were the initial phases of planned new trunk lines. However, many others, though publicised as being entirely at the instigation of the

2640:, China, in the form of a single passenger car attached to the daily cross-border freight train. This train is not open to use by foreigners other than ethnic Koreans from China. 5352: 3033:

placed a special emphasis on the electrification of the railways. As a result of this emphasis, many hundreds of kilometres of railway were electrified by the end of the 1950s.

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North Korea was left devastated after the war, with damage being even more extensive than in the south. Factories, houses, bridges, roads, and railways were destroyed in heavy

2073: 826: 3109:-class electrics designed to provide greater performance with lower power consumption, along with a program to modernise the K62 diesels with new engines and other upgrades. 1381:

were entirely new projects, initially built to aid with the construction of various large-scale industrial and power-generation projects, and some, like the first section of

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At the present time the Korean State Railway operates primarily using electric and diesel power, with a wide array of locomotive types. Most numerous and important are the

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The 1960s were a breakthrough decade for North Korea. With the reconstruction of damage caused by the Korean War nearly complete, great advances were being made under the

6630: 5642: 5202: 2061: 1640:. Although survey work for the new section was begun, the DPRK's financial crisis of the 1990s led to the project being suspended until 2007. The electrification of the 1351:. A total of 64 were delivered to North Korea between 1967 and 1974, quickly becoming mainstays on non-electrified lines due to their high performance and ease of use. 2103:

belongs to the Railway Ministry, which fields teams in the country's top-level basketball, volleyball, and football leagues; in football, the top men's club, based in

2057: 1539: 903:. This was just a temporary measure, however, as the main goal was the development of a domestically produced electric locomotive. To this end, a licence to build the 633:. Throughout the Korean War, much of the railway infrastructure and many of the locomotives were destroyed. On 31 December 1950, a train, consisting of the locomotive 1860:

underwent a major renovation in 2005, which included the restoration of walls, the installation of new waiting room doors, and the installation of a large neon sign.

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are used, located 15 km (9.3 mi), 30 km (19 mi) or 60 km (37 mi) apart (50 km (31 mi)–60 km (37 mi) apart on the

6304: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6269: 566:

On 10 December 1947, the assets of the Chosen Government Railway were formally divided between North and South, leaving Kukch'ŏl with 617 steam locomotives (141

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diesels, and the various types imported recently from China. Efforts to modernise the motive power stock are also underway, with the continuing construction of

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Commercial freight operations were finally restarted on 11 December 2007, with the first train carrying construction materials from Munsan in the South to the

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workers, especially the skilled labourers, the locomotive crews, mechanics, engineers, and administrators, were Japanese; to make the situation worse, the

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in eastern Europe and the dissolution of the USSR, as well as major flooding and other natural disasters, led to a period of economic crisis known as the

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in 1964 before series production and deliveries to Hungary began in 1965; by the time Kukch'ŏl received their first deliveries of the type - designated

3127:'s instruction to improve the image of the DPRK's railways, Kukch'ŏl's uniformly green passenger cars are being repainted into more colourful schemes. 881: 629:

quickly turned the tide of the war, however; by 19 October of the same year had captured P'yŏngyang, and a week later, South Korean troops reached the

544: 5420: 6430: 1985: 1390: 687: 5399: 1965:

On 8 December 2013, an agreement was reached between North Korea and a consortium of Chinese companies to construct a high-speed railway connecting

1938:

The second decade of the 21st century has continued the trends of the first, as further new lines have been or are being built, such as a line from

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died, leading to a national mourning period of several years. This, together with the loss of aid money from former allies after the collapse of

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Along with the electrification of the trunk lines, construction of new routes was also started in this period. Many of these lines, such as the

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The Korean State Railway is the operating arm of the North Korean Ministry of Railways. It is divided into five Regional Bureaus: P'yŏngyang,

5842: 5278: 4016: 1474:

Expansion and electrification of the national railway system continued as well. New trunk lines were opened, such as the completion of the

4844: 845:

The Japanese-made electric locomotives inherited from Sentetsu played a key early role in reviving and implementing electrification plans.

6690: 6680: 5778: 5569: 4546: 3050: 2617:

The other major international service is a through train (specifically, a sleeping car) that operates fortnightly between P'yŏngyang and

2049: 1950:

in Tongchang. The second stage of the new northern east–west trunk line originally planned in 1980, which was to have run from Hyesan to

1835:

connections attracted attention from the world, especially from China and Russia, as it would enable the realisation of the long-desired

869: 798: 3582: 5593:"Korea DPR - Sinŭiju Locomotive Sports Club (Kigwancha SC) - Results, fixtures, squad, statistics, photos, videos and news - Soccerway" 4432: 5349: 4219: 3117: 5990: 5079: 4046: 2942: 574:), 8 electric locomotives, and 1,280 passenger cars and 9,154 freight cars (747 and 6,928 respectively according to other sources). 6013: 5020: 3120:

entered service on the P'yŏngyang–Hyesan express train, becoming the first Western-made passenger cars to be operated by Kukch'ŏl.

2132: 5818: 1958:

from Hyesan to Samjiyŏn and Motka was finally finished. The plans to continue extension of that line to Musan and eventually to

1830: 1732:" were implemented, and slowly the situation in North Korea began to improve - especially as a result of South Korean President 6660: 5210: 2120: 1376: 1315:

to begin replacing steam power on these lines. The first step towards dieselisation came in 1964, with the arrival of fourteen

5650: 5941: 4974: 4532: 4494: 3647: 810: 2709:

This list shows only the main trunk lines. For secondary standard-gauge lines and narrow-gauge lines, see the main article.

1347:

world: in addition to Hungary, in 1965 and 1966 the type was put in service in large numbers in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and

524:

Ceremony commemorating the completion of the electrification of the Yangdŏk–Sinch'ang section of the P'yŏngwŏn Line in 1948.

6635: 6344: 6319: 2145:

The Korean State Railway operates over 5,248 km (3,261 mi) of railway, of which 4,725 km (2,936 mi) is

5147: 4905: 912:, was completed at the Kim Chŏng-t'ae Works (then called the P'yŏngyang Electric Locomotive Works) on 30 August 1961, and 6359: 2982:, and this motive power moved the majority of trains between the time of the partition of Korea and the beginning of the 1820:

One of the many locomotives bought second-hand from China in the early 2000s, on a passenger train at P'yŏngyang Station.

1740:

of rapprochement with the North. In July 2000, talks began between the two Koreas to discuss the reopening of the former

1397:, were simply completions of projects initiated by Japanese interests before 1945. The much celebrated completion of the 602: 6218: 6093: 5973: 5617: 1546:

As electrification had become a national-level policy, Kukch'ŏl set out to develop new electric motive power. Electric

1713: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6133: 6098: 6083: 6078: 6053: 5918: 4328: 4167: 3747: 3569: 3530: 3331: 2648: 1947: 730: 582: 4294: 4247: 790:

volunteer teams, the Sariwŏn—Haeju line was given its current name, Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line – Hwanghae Youth Line.

6349: 6299: 6198: 6143: 6138: 6128: 6123: 6073: 6048: 6043: 6028: 5064: 3106: 2951: 2644: 1935:, which has formally leased the line for 49 years. The upgrade work was officially completed on 22 September 2013. 750: 6243: 6118: 6068: 6063: 6038: 6023: 6018: 1780:

to Seoul. Work in the South began almost immediately, and service was restarted on the 6.1 km (3.8 mi)

634: 156: 5053: 4411: 4100: 1696:

were converted to electric locomotives by replacing their diesel engines with electric motors, resulting in the

6329: 6309: 5301: 3102: 2748: 2210: 2013: 758: 533: 320: 253: 5112: 6440: 6369: 5175: 4446: 3827: 3197: 3180: 3094: 2209:

Of the total, about 80% is in regular use. 3,893.5 km (2,419.3 mi) of the standard gauge lines are

1697: 1518:

The electrification of the P'yŏngra Line was finally completed in the 1970s; the project had been started at

780:'s narrow-gauge lines in the Hwanghae region in April 1944, Sentetsu had decided that traffic levels between 704: 4507: 4315:朝鮮総督府官報(The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 5059, 13 December 1943 (in Japanese) 4272:朝鮮総督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa No. 5394, 31 January 1945 (in Japanese) 6685: 6528: 4281: 3208: 2979: 2784: 2700: 1897: 1806: 1729: 1708:

in 2002 was announced as using domestically built tram cars (they were in fact bought second-hand from the

5951: 5592: 5537: 4356: 97: 6339: 6334: 6324: 6175: 4306:朝鮮総督部官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor–General of Korea), Shōwa No. 4854, 9 April 1943 (in Japanese) 3090: 3086: 3054: 2974:

passenger trains. Kukch'ŏl's motive power has been obtained from various sources. Much, mostly steam and

2213:

at 3 kV DC and 295.5 km (183.6 mi) of the narrow gauge at 1.5 kV DC. Manual and semi-automatic

1904: 1599: 1551: 1535: 1522:

in 1948 and completed in stages over the years following the Korean War, until the final section between

909: 765: 683: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6560: 6435: 6314: 5373: 4385: 1482:, and the opening of shorter lines intended to serve new mines, power plants and factories, such as the 6410: 3232: 2724: 2652: 2621:, which has operated since 1987. This train is generally not open to foreigners other than citizens of 2079:

The Railway Ministry also operates a network of sports clubs throughout the country, in sports such as

2053: 1579: 818: 650: 6405: 4755: 488:. However, as early as 26 August, the Soviet army began operating trains on the Kyŏngŭi Line north of 5516: 5125: 2987: 2775: 2680: 2602: 2597: 2017: 1893: 1794: 1769: 1653: 1443: 961: 781: 598: 427: 423: 6609: 1900:, although that service was discontinued in July 2008 after the shooting of a South Korean tourist. 6395: 6148: 3564:[Stokesbury, James L (1990). A Short History of the Korean War. p. 90, New York: Harper Perennial. 3250: 3160: 2860: 2824: 2815: 1511: 1328: 709: 145: 5884: 3228: 2668: 6450: 6400: 6385: 6354: 5839: 3143: 2820: 2676: 2672: 2119:, or "P'yŏngch'ŏl" for short, is one of the most successful clubs in the country, having won the 1507: 594: 435: 184: 92: 5323: 4024: 3716:朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 5286, 15 September 1944 1962:

have not been abandoned, but it does not appear that it is being actively pursued at this time.

1502:

on 24 June 1986, and numerous other such lines. Some major projects were initiated, such as the

6170: 5966: 4850: 4468: 2971: 1555: 626: 20: 4798:"They Think They're Normal: Enduring Questions and New Research on North Korea—A Review Essay" 4192: 3805: 1628:

to standard gauge, construction of new trackage from Motka, terminus of the Samjiyŏn Line, to

377: Ministry of Railways of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea), commonly called the 5785: 3600: 2864: 2735:–Rajin dual gauge with standard and Russian 1,520 mm (5 ft 0 in) broad gauge); 2100: 1479: 679: 665:

The ruins of steam locomotive Matei 10, destroyed during the Korean War, at Changdan in 1976.

392: 364: 334: 269: 3707:朝鮮總督府官報 (The Public Journal of the Governor-General of Korea), Shōwa Nr. 5143, 29 March 1944 3659: 1515:

were converted to standard gauge, and by 1983, 927 km (576 mi) had been regauged.

6425: 6420: 6415: 3098: 2080: 1836: 1720:

in the same year were reported as having been built by factory workers in their free time.

1690: 1475: 1382: 1367: 1340: 703:

countries a railway co-operation agreement was signed, which included a promise to deliver

493: 4054: 3053:, which has manufactured almost all of North Korea's electric locomotives since the first 1816: 904: 8: 6163: 6113: 5859: 3981: 3064: 3057:, North Korea's first domestically produced electric locomotive, was rolled out in 1961. 2959: 2214: 2068:. Of these, the Kim Chong-t'ae Works and the 4 June Works are by far the most important. 1840: 1530: 1483: 794: 605: 477: 5565:"Two Koreas hold groundbreaking ceremony for joint railway and road project in N. Korea" 5480: 5449: 5028: 2993:

The Korean War destroyed much of the North's railway infrastructure, but with extensive

836: 6455: 6103: 6088: 6058: 6033: 4825: 4700: 4629: 4574: 3913: 3026: 2731:, 331.1 km (205.7 mi), 1,435 mm (4 ft 8.5 in) standard gauge ( 1998: 1864: 1809:

to the DMZ, and the southern section of the former Tonghae Pupkpu line from the DMZ to

1790: 1343:

by the factory - in 1967, the M62 had become the backbone of diesel power all over the

854: 741:, China, which had been severely damaged during the war, was rebuilt before war's end. 674: 646: 6364: 5757: 5097: 3959: 3938: 3503: 3485: 3435: 1980:("Victory") project to modernise the P'yŏngnam Line from Namp'o to P'yŏngyang and the 889: 476:

The official division of Korea into Soviet and American zones of occupation along the

6248: 5959: 5937: 5914: 4970: 4817: 4528: 4490: 4426: 3996: 3643: 3565: 3526: 3022: 2967: 2963: 2840: 2768: 2744: 2606: 2012:

The Koreas agreed to reconnect and modernize their road and railroad networks at the

2002: 1911: 1872: 1857: 1785: 1693: 1591: 1495: 1487: 1312: 1311:

Meanwhile, in order to modernise on non-electrified lines, Kukch'ŏl started ordering

850: 822: 754: 726: 571: 520: 462: 4829: 6390: 6274: 5779:"Journal of Soviet Ambassador to the DPRK A. M. Puzanov (25 March - 11 April 1960)" 5485: 5454: 4809: 3164: 2108: 2009:

North Korean railway experts to receive further education at Russian universities.

1993: 1959: 1928: 1845: 1684:

A Soviet-built diesel locomotive in service after conversion to electric operation.

1645: 1499: 1386: 864: 548: 540: 455: 6153: 2929:, connecting the standard-gauge Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line with the standard-gauge 1954:, was finally partially completed in 2017, when the regauging of the narrow gauge 6509: 5846: 5356: 5328: 5180: 3596: 3041: 2848: 2844: 2804: 2688: 2684: 2637: 2576:

The railway provides the primary form of long-distance transport in North Korea.

2048:

Also subordinate to the Railway Ministry are five major industrial concerns: the

1939: 1853: 1777: 1737: 1649: 1586:

of the day; internally, despite all of North Korea's electrification being 3000V

1571: 1567: 1519: 1451: 1336: 877: 567: 536: 497: 458: 382: 354: 5727: 4654: 717:

in P'yŏngyang on 17 June 1954, and three months later, on 25 September 1954 the

422:

The first railways in the future territory of North Korea were built during the

6253: 3168: 3010: 2922: 2780: 2732: 2660: 2168: 1885: 1798: 1781: 1709: 1587: 1583: 1410: 1332: 900: 777: 642: 622: 481: 443: 120: 5564: 3892: 2954:

electric locomotive 전기하3, of the first class of electric locomotives in Korea.

896: 6654: 5747:

Jefferies, "North Korea: A Guide to Economic and Political Developments", p50

5542: 4821: 3147: 2926: 2871: 2855: 2764: 2728: 2687:- Sariwŏn - P'yŏngyang - Ch'ŏngjin (858 km (533 mi)) and Sinŭiju - 2664: 2656: 2633: 2626: 2589: 2321: 1992:, is intended to form the first stage of a larger-scale cooperation with the 1981: 1955: 1951: 1741: 1669: 1637: 1625: 1523: 1464: 1439: 773: 722: 714: 699:

rebuilt as the railway network was gradually restored to its pre-war status.

638: 485: 466: 4142: 496:

took control of the railways and restarted service on the Kyŏngŭi Line from

5981: 5618:"Summary - AFC Cup - Asia - Results, fixtures, tables and news - Soccerway" 4870: 3002: 2994: 2918: 2891: 2883: 2835: 2759: 2403: 2398: 2218: 2206: 2112: 1943: 1802: 1761: 1757: 1733: 1633: 1617: 1613: 1491: 1419: 1402: 1398: 1348: 885: 718: 670: 661: 3683: 3335: 2643:

Other important long-distances trains include amongst others P'yŏngyang -

1594:, taking one hour to cover the 38 km (24 mi) distance each way. 6494: 6489: 5130: 4813: 3175: 3124: 3113: 3078: 3030: 2792: 2739: 2719: 2580: 2194: 2137: 1923: 1717: 1661: 1641: 1621: 1574:, in 1976. Externally, the four-car set was similar in appearance to the 1467:

system, its opening was proclaimed to be proof of the superiority of the

1415: 1406: 1394: 1355: 913: 802: 786: 746: 513: 451: 402: 115: 1813:. The reconstruction work on these two lines was begun on 14 June 2003. 597:

was dominant, occupying most of the Korean Peninsula apart from a small

465:, 99 narrow gauge steam, and 8 electric locomotives), one steam-powered 5933: 5697: 5481:"[Newsmaker] Koreas in consultations for joint road inspection" 5002: 4075: 3982:"민족21 모바일 사이트, 철도, 자동차, 전차, 항공 등 북 교통수단의 역사와 경제상황 담겨 전 세계 우표수집가들로부터 각광" 3979: 2983: 2930: 2828: 2799: 2096: 2088: 2084: 1606: 1575: 1559: 1503: 1447: 1418:

opened in 1963 (this was converted to standard gauge in 1971), and the

1359: 1320: 1316: 630: 590: 560: 417: 44: 4797: 325: 258: 35: 3097:

electrics, which were converted from diesels; also important are the

3036: 2588:–P'yŏngyang through trains began four months later, on 3 June, using 1868: 1753: 1665: 1468: 837:

The 1960s: Electrification and the advances of the Ch'ŏllima Movement

813:, who was executed by the South Korean government that year.) and at 593:

which broke out on 25 June 1950 interrupted progress. Initially, the

406: 63: 2655:- Tumangang (1,011 km (628 mi)), P'yŏngyang - Ch'ŏngjin - 5983: 4762: 3082:

electric locomotive types are helping to ameliorate the situation.

2038: 1910:

Also in 2008, work began on the reconstruction of the line between

1849: 1728:

From 1998, measures to improve economic management and to build a "

1705: 2887:: P'yŏngyang - Rajin, 819.0 km (508.9 mi) standard gauge 2005:

from the DPRK to Russia will provide the funding for the project.

3828:"Hochschule für Eisenbahnwesen Pyongyang - Nordkorea-Information" 3587: 3018: 3006: 2900: 2896: 2611: 2585: 2104: 2042: 2034: 2030: 1970: 1966: 1765: 1749: 1547: 1344: 1324: 738: 734: 618: 501: 489: 470: 1793:

on the east coast, which is presently split between the North's

4284:(1937), 鉄道停車場一覧. 昭和12年10月1日現在(The List of the Stations), p. 501 3592: 3202: 3184: 3155: 3014: 2978:-made electric locomotives, was left over after the end of the 2752: 2622: 2618: 2331:

Railways carry a very large portion of traffic in North Korea:

2107:, won five national championships between 1996 and 2000 in the 2092: 1989: 1915: 1880: 1773: 1673: 1672:; the attempt to overcome this through the introduction of the 814: 614: 288: 219: 5717:

Jeon Il-su, Lee Jae-hoon, 『북한의 수송수요 추정과 남북한 수송수요 특성의 비교』, 1996

1903:

In 2008, an inspection of the railways was carried out by the

841: 5509:"Koreas survey North's railways in hopes of joining networks" 4547:"In North Korea, Dam Reflects 'Great Leader's' State of Mind" 4252: 3138: 2998: 2975: 2904: 2876: 2808: 1932: 1919: 1745: 1563: 1460: 1456: 872:

at work on designing the Red Flag 1-class locomotive in 1960.

610: 577: 304: 235: 2990:

and the various privately owned railways in colonial Korea.

2947: 1680: 6180: 2683:- P'yŏngyang - Kilju - Hyesan (855 km (531 mi)), 1701: 1422:, opened in 1964 to serve iron ore mines and a small port. 5538:"US approves inter-Korean railway groundbreaking ceremony" 3021:, North Korea's railways were rapidly rebuilt. During the 2225:

Comparison of the Railway Networks in the two Koreas (km)

6504: 5450:"N. Korea railway not in good condition: inspection team" 5113:"North and South Korea reopen Kaesong Industrial Complex" 589:

Other new construction took place prior to 1950, but the

339: 274: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4143:"Тепловозы семейства М62: некоторые факты и размышления" 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3130: 3093:

articulated electrics for heavy freight trains, and the

1760:

in the north running from Sinŭiju to P'yŏngyang and the

1425: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4779: 4777: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4125: 4123: 4121: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3520: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 2584:

countries on 5 February 1954, and regular operation of

1723: 480:

in August 1945 disrupted train service on the (former)

401:), is the operating arm of the Ministry of Railways of 5236:"North Korean cross-border route upgrading progresses" 5080:"North Korea Appeals for Help After Railway Explosion" 4967:

North Korea in the 21st century: an interpretive guide

3788: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3269: 3267: 2632:

There is also an international passenger service from

409:. The current Minister of Railways is Chang Jun-song. 4983: 4920: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3719: 1976:

On 21 October 2014 a groundbreaking ceremony for the

656: 5758:"デロイを探せ！（その22）北朝鮮のデロイ資料2（交通新聞1956年）｜ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記）" 5674:

Korea Transport Institute, 『국가기간교통망계획 수정계획 연구』, 2007

5421:"Russia, North Korea to expand railroad cooperation" 4941: 4774: 4727: 4681: 4599: 4580: 4118: 3854: 3615: 3539: 3413: 3301: 3105:-class heavy electrics and the latest addition, the 2958:

The Korean State Railway operates a wide variety of

2867:

lines), 192.3 km (119.5 mi) standard gauge

2851:, ROK), 187.3 km (116.4 mi) standard gauge 2406:

are speeds of 100 km/h (62 mph) possible.

1607:

The 1990s: Planning modernisation, realising decline

418:

1945–1953: Liberation, partition, and the Korean War

396: 368: 3382: 3350: 3264: 1867:in North Korea when an explosion at the station in 1636:, and regauging of the Paengmu Line from Hŭngam to 601:; during this time, many railway vehicles, such as 5148:"Former DPRK railway minister reportedly executed" 4842: 3765: 1358:opened in 1959 to assist with construction of the 694:, but of which only 12.3 km (7.6 mi) to 4964: 4242: 4240: 4220:"Profiles of the cities of DPR Korea - Pyongyang" 3908: 3906: 3430: 3428: 3289: 3116:-made passenger cars bought second-hand from the 1889:150 invited guests from the South and the North. 1620:was electrified in 1992, as was a section of the 1438:A great deal of attention was paid to developing 801:; it received its present name in 1969 to honour 179:) (dual-gauge Tumanggang to Rajin) 6652: 4382:"Trolleybus city: Pyongyang [Nordkorea]" 4351: 4349: 3851:Oh, "North Korea Through the Looking Glass", p50 3068:A North Korean M62 diesel at P'yŏngyang Station. 2921:, which runs 191.7 km (119.1 mi) from 2126: 1362:, the Pinallon Line opened in 1961 to serve the 682:, which had been started by the privately owned 5750: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5230: 5228: 5142: 5140: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4508:"통합 검색 결과 : 북창화력발전연합기업소 (전체 82건) - 북한정보포털" 4217: 4044: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3436:"デロイを探せ！（その49） 1948年の「北」におけるデロイ｜ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記）" 3005:- mostly in the form of steam locomotives from 2907:), 225.1 km (139.9 mi) standard gauge 2572:List of passenger train services in North Korea 1409:, whose completion was announced in 1962, when 261:Joseon Minjuju-ui Inmin Gonghwaguk Cheoldoseong 5741: 5557: 5396:"North Korea launches Victory railway upgrade" 5170: 5168: 4237: 3952: 3931: 3903: 3478: 3425: 3247:"Delegation of Ministry of Railways Back Home" 2831:), 141.7 km (88.0 mi) standard gauge 2811:, 299.9 km (186.3 mi) standard gauge 2335:Comparison of transport in the two Koreas (%) 2115:. The Railway Ministry's top ice hockey club, 509:Provisional People’s Committee for North Korea 473:, 747 passenger cars, and 6,928 freight cars. 5967: 4346: 3980:안병민 한국교통연구원 북한교통정보센터장 minjog21@minjog21.com. 3373: 2795:, 101.0 km (62.8 mi) standard gauge 2771:, 145.8 km (90.6 mi) standard gauge 1871:destroyed buildings in a large swathe around 1776:'s Kyŏngŭi Line, which runs from the DMZ via 1331:requirement, the first two prototypes of the 859:Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk Ch'ŏldosŏng 585:locomotive in the DPRK during the Korean War. 370:Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk Ch'ŏldosŏng 276:Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk Ch'ŏldosŏng 199:4,725 km (2,936 mi) (1,435 mm) 6671:Transport organizations based in North Korea 5474: 5472: 5258: 5225: 5137: 5077: 5048: 5046: 4881: 4843:Nicholas Eberstadt (October–November 2006), 4521: 4211: 3960:"デロイを探せ！（その31）戦後のデロイ（1964年）｜ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記）" 3449: 2879:, 55.2 km (34.3 mi) standard gauge 1644:was finished in 1995 with the wiring of the 386: 358: 310: 294: 241: 225: 5720: 5670: 5668: 5570:Korea International Broadcasting Foundation 5478: 5447: 5302:"North Korea completes second missile site" 5195: 5165: 5090: 4500: 4001:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2410:Average Speeds on the Korean State Railway 1712:), and the used passenger cars bought from 374: 5974: 5960: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5506: 5316: 5126:ROK woman tourist shot dead at DPRK resort 4701:"『デロイを探せ！（その34） 1965年以降の朝鮮画報にデロイ発見出来ず前篇』" 4564: 4447:"China Releases Details on Aid to N.Korea" 4293:The traffic and geography in North Korea: 4287: 4101:"MÁV M62 "Szergej" dízel-villamos mozdony" 3845: 3701: 2663:(570 km (350 mi)), P'yŏngyang - 2659:(813 km (505 mi)), P'yŏngyang - 1652:section, while the electrification of the 1478:on 10 October 1972, the completion of the 5817:. DVV Media International. Archived from 5469: 5443: 5441: 5277:. DVV Media International. Archived from 5242:. DVV Media International. Archived from 5209:. DVV Media International. Archived from 5176:"N.Korea's Ex-Railways Minister Executed" 5110: 5043: 4904:. DVV Media International. Archived from 4678:《기차시간표》(1950년 4월 1일 개정), 북한 교통성 운수국 렬차부 편 4323: 4321: 4309: 4300: 4266: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4045:Rudnicki, Michał; Eychler, Jacek (2003). 3939:"デロイを探せ！（その8）デロイ就役の経緯（年表）｜ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記）" 3376:Bipolar Orders: The Two Koreas since 1989 3001:aid, along with aid from the rest of the 2943:Rolling stock of the Korean State Railway 2755:), 9.5 km (5.9 mi), dual gauge; 2651:(721 km (448 mi), P'yŏngyang - 1442:in this period. After the success of the 853:, the North Korean equivalent of China's 5852: 5771: 5665: 5393: 5299: 4483: 3973: 3885: 3636: 3514: 3063: 3051:Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works 3035: 2946: 2136: 2050:Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works 1815: 1698:Kanghaenggun-class (강행군, "Forced March") 1679: 1529: 1414:such as the 53.7 km (33.4 mi) 921:Electrification of Railways in the DPRK 870:Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works 863: 840: 799:Kim Chong-t'ae Electric Locomotive Works 660: 576: 519: 203:134 km (83 mi) (1,520 mm) 6676:Government agencies established in 1946 5833: 5677: 5293: 4544: 3664: 2133:List of railway stations in North Korea 645:was ordered to stop at Changdan by the 201:523 km (325 mi) (762 mm) 6653: 5927: 5438: 5003:"Список подвижного состава М62С, ДМ62" 4995: 4989: 4952: 4935: 4783: 4742: 4687: 4616: 4593: 4431:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4318: 4153: 4135: 4129: 3879: 3792: 3734: 3630: 3552: 3407: 3361: 3318: 3283: 3205:, South Korea's national rail operator 3025:, North Korea's equivalent to China's 6666:Railway companies established in 1946 5955: 5372:. Ifes.kyungnam.ac.kr. Archived from 5300:Laurence, Jeremy (17 February 2011). 4863: 4038: 3740: 3671:Communist Logistics in the Korean War 3131:Railway links with adjacent countries 2911: 2679:(492 km (306 mi)), Haeju - 1756:; this line is now split between the 1426:The 1970s and 1980s: The golden years 1370:opened in the same year to serve the 811:Revolutionary Party for Reunification 5908: 5203:"Trans-Korean reconstruction begins" 4795: 4545:Kristof, Nicholas D. (5 July 1989). 4009: 3419: 3295: 2565: 2141:Kukch'ŏl railway worker's cap badge. 2066:Pyongyang Rolling Stock Repair Works 1988:was held. The project, supported by 1858:P'yŏngyang's central railway station 1724:The 21st century: Reconnecting Korea 1550:had been used before the war by the 761:, USSR was opened on 9 August 1959. 442:) and private companies such as the 5013: 4965:Hoare, James; Pares, Susan (2005). 4849:, The Policy Review, archived from 4770:from the original on 29 April 2011. 3334:. 17 September 2005. Archived from 3211:, South Korea's national rail owner 3187:) - not in regular use - same gauge 2197:, and 523 km (325 mi) is 13: 6691:Government-owned railway companies 6681:1946 establishments in North Korea 5515:. Associated Press. Archived from 5098:"New theory on N Korea rail blast" 5054:"M62 - Taiga Drums in North Korea" 4789: 3521:Ziel, Ron; Huxtable, Nils (1995). 3472:Foreign Languages Publishing House 2123:at least eleven times since 1997. 1616:was completed in August 1991, the 1598:class, the first prototype of the 793:In 1956, the railway factories at 657:1953–1959: Rebuilding from nothing 14: 6702: 5398:. Railway Gazette. Archived from 5271:"North Korea rail link completed" 1948:Sŏhae Satellite Launching Station 1562:put into service in 1964 and the 5982: 5877: 5803: 5711: 5635: 5610: 5585: 5530: 5500: 5448:Ock Hyun-ju (17 December 2018). 4969:. Global Oriental. p. 145. 3583:"Korean War Armistice Agreement" 3174: 3154: 3137: 2936: 1856:with South Korean money, whilst 1459:. However, as at that time even 751:Korean-Russian Friendship Bridge 686:in the early 1940s, to run from 49:Map of rail lines in North Korea 43: 34: 5930:将軍様の鉄道 (Shōgun-sama no Tetsudō) 5885:"Pyongyang Times, 25 July 2015" 5811:"Let the cosmos flowers bloom!" 5479:Ock Hyun-ju (5 December 2018). 5413: 5387: 5362: 5343: 5119: 5111:K.J. Kwon (16 September 2013). 5104: 5078:James Brooke (April 24, 2004). 5071: 4958: 4898:"Korean border crossed at last" 4836: 4748: 4718: 4693: 4672: 4647: 4630:"『デロイを探せ！（その31）戦後のデロイ（1964年）』" 4622: 4538: 4527:Choe, Un-sik, 한국의 전통 사회 운송 기구, 4489:Choe, Un-sik, 한국의 전통 사회 운송 기구, 4461: 4439: 4400: 4374: 4275: 4193:"'2.8 비날론 연합기업소'는 무엇인가? - 통일뉴스" 4185: 4149:(in Russian). October 12, 2007. 4093: 4068: 3820: 3798: 3710: 3676: 3653: 3642:Choe, Un-sik, 한국의 전통 사회 운송 기구, 3575: 3558: 3496: 3492:(in Japanese). 8 November 2011. 2024: 1997:expected that exports of coal, 964:; Destroyed during Korean War. 16:National railway of North Korea 6034:Migaha (ex-Mantetsu)→6000+6100 4873:[Export Locomotives]. 3806:"北김종태전기기관차공장 창립 60돌 행사 - 통일뉴스" 3599:. 27 July 1953. Archived from 3525:. Amerion House. p. 192. 3367: 3324: 3221: 2712: 2171:, 156 km (97 mi) of 2014:April 2018 inter-Korean summit 829:was opened in September 1959. 387: 359: 311: 295: 242: 226: 1: 6661:Rail transport in North Korea 5991:locomotives and rolling stock 4796:Kang, David C. (2012-01-01). 3660:丹東 압록강철교는 북한의 생명길 (in Korean) 3249:. 9 June 2015. Archived from 3215: 3198:Rail transport in South Korea 2691:(413 km (257 mi)). 2671:(370 km (230 mi)), 2127:Operations and infrastructure 2074:P'yŏngyang Railway University 1372:Pyongyang Thermal Power Plant 827:P'yŏngyang Railway University 4766:(in Korean). 15 April 2008. 4449:. Choson Ilbo. 28 April 2011 3914:"『デロイを探せ！（その20）北朝鮮のデロイ資料1』" 3684:"Железнодорожные переговоры" 3510:(in Japanese). 12 July 2013. 3244:and its English translation 3209:Korea Rail Network Authority 3040:Red Flag 1 class 붉은기5136 in 2701:Railway lines in North Korea 1898:Mount Kŭmgang Tourist Region 1730:Strong and Prosperous Nation 1444:P'yŏngyang trolleybus system 1003:Destroyed during Korean War 984:Destroyed during Korean War 653:was signed on 27 July 1953. 551:, and the newly electrified 494:US Army Transportation Corps 405:and has its headquarters at 7: 3504:"デロイを探せ！（その46）デロニの動画発見（改）" 3191: 3055:Red Flag 1-class locomotive 1905:National Defence Commission 1552:Kŭmgangsan Electric Railway 1536:Kŭmgangsan Electric Railway 1534:An electric railcar of the 684:West Chosen Central Railway 397: 369: 340: 326: 275: 259: 10: 6707: 5911:The Making of Modern Korea 5901: 5152:North Korean Economy Watch 4846:Persistence of North Korea 4757:김일성, 쿠바의 ‘혁명영웅’ 체게바라를 만난 날 3523:Steam Beneath the Red Star 3470:. Pyongyang, Korea (DPR): 3233:Korean Central News Agency 2970:, along with a variety of 2940: 2776:Kŭmgangsan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line 2698: 2569: 2130: 2054:4 June Rolling Stock Works 1795:Kŭmgangsan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line 1654:Kŭmgangsan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line 1580:Japanese National Railways 1364:February 8 Vinylon Complex 876:Re-electrification of the 819:4 June Rolling Stock Works 776:. After nationalising the 651:Korean Armistice Agreement 528:The Korean State Railway ( 412: 18: 6618: 6602: 6550: 6541: 6521: 6477: 6468: 6378: 6262: 6214:Purŏsŏ (ex-Mantetsu)→1300 6209:Purŏsŏ (ex-Sentetsu)→1300 6189: 6039:Migaha (ex-Sentetsu)→6100 6004: 5997: 4832:– via Project MUSE. 2988:Chosen Government Railway 2816:Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line 2743:: Hongŭi (Hambuk line) - 2694: 2062:7.6 Vehicle Parts Factory 2058:Ch'ŏngjin Railway Factory 2018:Kumgangsan Chongnyon Line 1894:Kaesŏng Industrial Region 1863:2004 saw the worst known 1824:The idea of reopening of 1770:Korean Demilitarized Zone 1540:P'yŏngyang Railway Museum 428:Chosen Government Railway 333: 319: 303: 287: 282: 268: 252: 234: 218: 211: 195: 183: 114: 109: 98:Chōsen Government Railway 85: 77: 69: 59: 54: 42: 33: 4756: 4469:"中国第一笔援助是对朝鲜提供平壤地铁系我援建" 4218:Dormels, Rainer (2014). 3378:. Zed Books. p. 20. 2203:2 ft 6 in 1566:class introduced by the 1335:locomotives appeared on 637:and 25 cars, going from 152:2 ft 6 in 102:various private railways 19:Not to be confused with 5928:Kokubu, Hayato (2007). 3486:"デロイを探せ！（その４）発注数量と実生産数" 2111:, and took part in the 1918:border and the port of 1480:Ch'ŏngnyŏn P'arwŏn Line 1319:-type locomotives from 868:The design team at the 805:revolutionary activist 675:Pyongyang's tram system 436:South Manchuria Railway 424:period of Japanese rule 93:South Manchuria Railway 5324:"북, '혜산-삼지연'간 철도공사 완공" 5100:. BBC. April 23, 2004. 4871:"Экспортные тепловозы" 4802:International Security 3374:Hyung Gu Lynn (2007). 3069: 3045: 2972:electric multiple unit 2955: 2516:P'yŏngyang-P'yŏnggang 2142: 1821: 1744:that once ran between 1685: 1584:Kodama limited express 1578:trainsets used by the 1543: 1476:Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn Line 1383:Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn Line 873: 846: 666: 586: 525: 507:On 10 August 1946 the 21:Korea National Railway 5913:. London: Routledge. 5909:Buzo, Adrian (2002). 5864:www.kolomnadiesel.com 5065:registration required 3832:www.nordkorea-info.de 3150:) - open - same gauge 3067: 3039: 2950: 2785:Kŭmgangsan Ch'ŏngnyŏn 2570:Further information: 2434:P'yŏngyang-Tumangang 2140: 2131:Further information: 2121:national championship 2101:Kigwancha Sports Club 1879:between Kukch'ŏl and 1819: 1683: 1558:such as the Japanese 1533: 1368:P'yŏngyanghwajŏn Line 895:locomotives from the 867: 844: 721:was reopened between 664: 627:United Nations forces 580: 523: 450:). At the end of the 6636:Ch'ŏngnyŏnjŏl Kinyŏm 6089:Pasisŏ (ex-Mantetsu) 6084:Pasisŏ (ex-Sentetsu) 5988:Korean State Railway 5791:on 10 September 2021 5359:, 《뉴시스》, 2015.05.29. 4814:10.1162/isec_a_00068 4659:www.2427junction.com 4471:. 中国网. 26 April 2011 4282:Ministry of Railways 4248:"북한지리정보: 운수지리 청년이천선" 4076:"Грузовые тепловозы" 4051:www.transport.rar.pl 3474:. 1983. p. 205. 3338:on 17 September 2005 2725:Ch'ŏngjin Ch'ŏngnyŏn 2548:P'yŏngyang-Hŭich'ŏn 1837:Eurasian Land Bridge 1826:inter-Korean railway 1764:from P'yŏngyang via 1300:Hwanghae Ch'ŏngnyŏn 606:electric locomotives 595:Korean People's Army 351:Korean State Railway 321:Revised Romanization 254:Revised Romanization 213:Korean State Railway 191:1500 V DC (762,4 mm) 189:3000 V DC (1,435 mm) 27:Korean State Railway 6686:Railways ministries 6325:5000-5100-5200-5300 5860:"Коломенский Завод" 5840:우리 나라에서 최첨단교류기관차 개발 5653:on 15 February 2018 5350:北, 백두산 관광철도 공사 재개한듯 4105:kozlekedes.micom.hu 3595:and United States: 3253:on 24 November 2019 2603:Ch'ŏngju Ch'ŏngnyŏn 2450:P'yŏngyang-Sinŭiju 2411: 2336: 2226: 2052:in P'yŏngyang, the 1984:from P'yŏngyang to 1841:Trans-Asian Railway 1484:Musan Kwangsan Line 922: 599:pocket around Pusan 583:Purŏp'a (부러파) class 492:; in the south the 30: 6626:Charyŏk Kaengsaeng 5845:2016-09-17 at the 5730:. 2427junction.com 5643:"Hockeyarenas.net" 5573:. 26 December 2018 5355:2018-01-05 at the 5031:on 9 February 2019 4575:Kyunghyang Shinmun 4551:The New York Times 4388:on 21 January 2018 4225:. Universität Wien 4197:www.tongilnews.com 4147:perecheek.narod.ru 3808:. 22 November 2005 3332:"USATCFE Overview" 3229:"몽골에 갔던 철도성대표단 귀국" 3118:BLS Lötschbergbahn 3095:Kanghaenggun-class 3070: 3046: 3027:Great Leap Forward 3023:Ch'ŏllima Movement 2956: 2912:Narrow-gauge lines 2865:Ch'ŏngnyŏn P'arwŏn 2823:(P'yŏngra Line) - 2807:(P'yŏngra Line) - 2767:(P'yŏngra Line) - 2596:DPRK, operate via 2499:P'yŏngyang-Hyesan 2482:P'yŏngyang-Hyesan 2409: 2334: 2224: 2143: 2117:P'yŏngyang Ch'ŏldo 2003:non-ferrous metals 1969:, P'yŏngyang, and 1873:the city's station 1822: 1791:Tonghae Pukpu Line 1714:BLS Lötschbergbahn 1694:diesel locomotives 1686: 1556:electric trainsets 1544: 1488:Ch'ŏnghwaryŏk Line 1433:Charyŏk Kaengsaeng 1313:diesel locomotives 1186:Ch'ŏngnyŏn Ich'ŏn 920: 874: 855:Great Leap Forward 851:Ch'ŏllima Movement 847: 823:P'yŏngyang Station 809:, a member of the 667: 587: 526: 81:1946–present 78:Dates of operation 26: 6648: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6537: 6536: 6514:unknown 6 car EMU 6464: 6463: 5943:978-4-10-303731-6 4976:978-1-901903-96-6 4533:978-89-7300-728-8 4495:978-89-7300-728-8 3648:978-89-7300-728-8 3422:, pp. 60–61. 2968:steam locomotives 2861:Kujang Ch'ŏngnyŏn 2825:Hyesan Ch'ŏngnyŏn 2783:(Kangwŏn Line) - 2566:Passenger service 2563: 2562: 2532:P'yŏngyang-Musan 2494:via Pyongra Line 2394: 2393: 2362:Passenger - Road 2351:Passenger - Rail 2317: 2316: 1912:Tumangang Station 1704:system opened in 1538:preserved at the 1496:Sŏhae Kammun Line 1309: 1308: 731:Yalu River Bridge 581:A Japanese-built 347: 346: 335:McCune–Reischauer 270:McCune–Reischauer 207: 206: 6698: 6548: 6547: 6475: 6474: 6167: 6002: 6001: 5986: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5924: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5870: 5856: 5850: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5821:on 24 April 2019 5807: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5790: 5784:. Archived from 5783: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5705: 5694:"북한 대중교통수단 및 철도" 5690: 5675: 5672: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5649:. Archived from 5647:hockeyarenas.net 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5622:us.soccerway.com 5614: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5597:us.soccerway.com 5589: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5561: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5513:The News Tribune 5507:Kim Tong-Hyung. 5504: 5498: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5486:The Korea Herald 5476: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5455:The Korea Herald 5445: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5407: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5366: 5360: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5281:on 24 April 2019 5267: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5246:on 25 April 2019 5232: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5172: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5144: 5135: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5061: 5050: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5027:. Archived from 5017: 5011: 5010: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4939: 4933: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4908:on 24 April 2019 4894: 4879: 4878: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4859: 4858: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4772: 4771: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4725: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4697: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4670: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4597: 4591: 4578: 4577:, 10 August 1988 4568: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4542: 4536: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4504: 4498: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4430: 4422: 4420: 4419: 4410:. Archived from 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4384:. Archived from 4378: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4353: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4325: 4316: 4313: 4307: 4304: 4298: 4291: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4244: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4224: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4164: 4151: 4150: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4053:. Archived from 4042: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4023:. Archived from 4013: 4007: 4006: 4000: 3992: 3990: 3989: 3984:. M.minjog21.com 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3956: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3946: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3852: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3717: 3714: 3708: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3657: 3651: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3579: 3573: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3537: 3536: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3464: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3443: 3432: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3380: 3379: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3243: 3242: 3240: 3225: 3179: 3178: 3165:Russian Railways 3159: 3158: 3142: 3141: 3091:Red Flag 6-class 3087:Red Flag 1-class 2821:Kilju Ch'ŏngnyŏn 2511:via Manp'o Line 2466:Changyŏn-Manp'o 2412: 2408: 2337: 2333: 2252:Electrification 2227: 2223: 2204: 2200: 2192: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2174: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2148: 2109:DPR Korea League 1994:Russian Railways 1931:and the Port of 1929:Russian Railways 1865:railway disaster 1834: 1660:On 8 July 1994, 1600:Red Flag 6-class 1500:West Sea Barrage 1452:P'yŏngyang Metro 1446:opened in 1962, 1380: 1253:10 October 1970 1234:1 November 1968 923: 919: 908:locomotive, the 400: 390: 389: 376: 372: 362: 361: 343: 329: 314: 313: 298: 297: 278: 264: 262: 247: 246: 245: 229: 228: 209: 208: 178: 176: 175: 171: 168: 159: 153: 148: 142: 140: 139: 135: 132: 123: 47: 38: 31: 25: 6706: 6705: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6695: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6640: 6614: 6598: 6543: 6533: 6517: 6470: 6460: 6374: 6258: 6191: 6185: 6161: 6006: 5993: 5980: 5950: 5944: 5932:(in Japanese). 5921: 5904: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5868: 5866: 5858: 5857: 5853: 5847:Wayback Machine 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5815:Railway Gazette 5809: 5808: 5804: 5794: 5792: 5788: 5781: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5763: 5761: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5746: 5742: 5733: 5731: 5726: 5725: 5721: 5716: 5712: 5703: 5701: 5692: 5691: 5678: 5673: 5666: 5656: 5654: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5626: 5624: 5616: 5615: 5611: 5601: 5599: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5576: 5574: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5548: 5546: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5522: 5520: 5505: 5501: 5491: 5489: 5477: 5470: 5460: 5458: 5446: 5439: 5429: 5427: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5405: 5403: 5392: 5388: 5379: 5377: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5357:Wayback Machine 5348: 5344: 5334: 5332: 5329:Radio Free Asia 5322: 5321: 5317: 5307: 5305: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5275:Railway Gazette 5269: 5268: 5259: 5249: 5247: 5240:Railway Gazette 5234: 5233: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5207:Railway Gazette 5201: 5200: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5181:The Chosun Ilbo 5174: 5173: 5166: 5156: 5154: 5146: 5145: 5138: 5134:. July 12, 2008 5124: 5120: 5109: 5105: 5096: 5095: 5091: 5076: 5072: 5062: 5052: 5051: 5044: 5034: 5032: 5019: 5018: 5014: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4963: 4959: 4951: 4942: 4934: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4902:Railway Gazette 4896: 4895: 4882: 4869: 4868: 4864: 4856: 4854: 4841: 4837: 4794: 4790: 4782: 4775: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4741: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4615: 4600: 4592: 4581: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4553: 4543: 4539: 4526: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4488: 4484: 4474: 4472: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4452: 4450: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4424: 4423: 4417: 4415: 4408:"Archived copy" 4406: 4405: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4361:www.farrail.net 4355: 4354: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4333:terms.naver.com 4327: 4326: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4292: 4288: 4280: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4258: 4256: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4199:. 15 March 2010 4191: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4172:terms.naver.com 4166: 4165: 4154: 4141: 4140: 4136: 4128: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4060: 4058: 4043: 4039: 4030: 4028: 4015: 4014: 4010: 3994: 3993: 3987: 3985: 3978: 3974: 3965: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3944: 3942: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3912: 3911: 3904: 3897:Atlas Lokomotiv 3893:"140 | E 499.0" 3891: 3890: 3886: 3878: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3766: 3756: 3754: 3752:terms.naver.com 3746: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3720: 3715: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3654: 3641: 3637: 3629: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3603:on 5 March 2014 3597:Thomson Reuters 3581: 3580: 3576: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3540: 3533: 3519: 3515: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3466: 3465: 3450: 3441: 3439: 3434: 3433: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3406: 3383: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3282: 3265: 3256: 3254: 3245: 3238: 3236: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3194: 3173: 3153: 3136: 3133: 3107:Sŏngun Red Flag 3089:electrics, the 2945: 2939: 2914: 2895:: P'yŏngyang - 2875:: P'yŏngyang - 2859:: P'yŏngyang - 2715: 2703: 2697: 2592:rolling stock. 2574: 2568: 2425: 2384:Freight - Road 2373:Freight - Rail 2285:Standard gauge 2202: 2198: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2177:4 ft 2176: 2172: 2161: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2151:4 ft 2150: 2146: 2135: 2129: 2056:in Wŏnsan, the 2027: 1828: 1738:Sunshine Policy 1726: 1609: 1572:Juche-class EMU 1568:Soviet Railways 1428: 1374: 1337:Soviet Railways 893: 884:section of the 839: 795:West P'yŏngyang 673:bombing raids; 659: 625:. American-led 559:section of the 547:section of the 420: 415: 360:조선민주주의인민공화국 철도성 315: 299: 260: 248: 244:朝鮮民主主義人民共和國鐵道省 243: 230: 227:조선민주주의인민공화국 철도성 202: 200: 190: 185:Electrification 173: 169: 166: 164: 163:4 ft 162: 157: 155: 151: 146: 144: 137: 133: 130: 128: 127:4 ft 126: 121: 105: 50: 29:조선민주주의인민공화국 철도성 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6704: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6646: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6612: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6554: 6552: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6515: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6481: 6479: 6472: 6469:Railcars & 6466: 6465: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6382: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6010: 6008: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5979: 5978: 5971: 5964: 5956: 5949: 5948: 5942: 5925: 5919: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5876: 5851: 5832: 5802: 5770: 5749: 5740: 5719: 5710: 5676: 5664: 5634: 5609: 5584: 5556: 5529: 5499: 5468: 5437: 5412: 5394:DVV Media UK. 5386: 5361: 5342: 5315: 5292: 5257: 5224: 5213:on 1 July 2017 5194: 5164: 5136: 5118: 5103: 5089: 5084:New York Times 5070: 5042: 5012: 4994: 4992:, p. 103. 4982: 4975: 4957: 4940: 4938:, p. 129. 4919: 4880: 4875:scado.narod.ru 4862: 4835: 4808:(3): 142–171. 4788: 4773: 4747: 4726: 4724:조선향토대백과, 2008. 4717: 4705:ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） 4692: 4680: 4671: 4646: 4634:ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） 4621: 4598: 4579: 4563: 4537: 4520: 4499: 4482: 4460: 4438: 4399: 4373: 4345: 4317: 4308: 4299: 4286: 4274: 4265: 4236: 4210: 4184: 4152: 4134: 4117: 4092: 4080:scado.narod.ru 4067: 4037: 4008: 3972: 3951: 3930: 3918:ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） 3902: 3884: 3853: 3844: 3819: 3797: 3764: 3739: 3737:, p. 130. 3718: 3709: 3700: 3675: 3663: 3652: 3635: 3614: 3574: 3557: 3538: 3531: 3513: 3508:ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） 3495: 3490:ゴンブロ！（ゴンの徒然日記） 3477: 3448: 3424: 3412: 3381: 3366: 3349: 3323: 3321:, p. 131. 3300: 3288: 3263: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3213: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3188: 3171: 3169:break-of-gauge 3151: 3132: 3129: 3011:Czechoslovakia 2952:Chŏngiha-class 2941:Main article: 2938: 2935: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2888: 2880: 2872:P'yŏngnam Line 2868: 2856:P'yŏngdŏk Line 2852: 2832: 2812: 2796: 2772: 2756: 2736: 2714: 2711: 2699:Main article: 2696: 2693: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2422: 2419: 2418:Distance (km) 2416: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2169:standard gauge 2128: 2125: 2026: 2023: 1982:P'yŏngdŏk Line 1725: 1722: 1710:Czech Republic 1608: 1605: 1588:direct current 1427: 1424: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1103:31 March 1960 1100: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1005: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 993: 990: 986: 985: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 966: 965: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 943: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 905:Škoda Type 30E 901:Czechoslovakia 891: 838: 835: 807:Kim Chong-t'ae 778:Chosen Railway 710:Polish Railway 658: 655: 623:Czechoslovakia 549:P'yŏngwŏn Line 444:Chosen Railway 419: 416: 414: 411: 345: 344: 337: 331: 330: 323: 317: 316: 309: 307: 301: 300: 293: 291: 285: 284: 280: 279: 272: 266: 265: 256: 250: 249: 240: 238: 232: 231: 224: 222: 216: 215: 205: 204: 197: 193: 192: 187: 181: 180: 118: 112: 111: 107: 106: 104: 103: 100: 95: 89: 87: 83: 82: 79: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 61: 57: 56: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6703: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6546: 6540: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6520: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6473: 6467: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6234:Purŏch'i→1700 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6188: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6165: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6003: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5989: 5985: 5977: 5972: 5970: 5965: 5963: 5958: 5957: 5954: 5945: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5926: 5922: 5920:0-415-23749-1 5916: 5912: 5907: 5906: 5886: 5880: 5865: 5861: 5855: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5836: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5787: 5780: 5774: 5759: 5753: 5744: 5729: 5723: 5714: 5699: 5695: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5623: 5619: 5613: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5560: 5545: 5544: 5543:The Hankyoreh 5539: 5533: 5519:on 2018-11-30 5518: 5514: 5510: 5503: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5475: 5473: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5444: 5442: 5426: 5422: 5416: 5402:on 2016-02-23 5401: 5397: 5390: 5376:on 2015-04-23 5375: 5371: 5365: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5346: 5331: 5330: 5325: 5319: 5303: 5296: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5231: 5229: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5183: 5182: 5177: 5171: 5169: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5141: 5133: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5114: 5107: 5099: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5074: 5066: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5047: 5030: 5026: 5025:spz.logout.cz 5022: 5016: 5009:(in Russian). 5008: 5004: 4998: 4991: 4986: 4978: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4955:, p. 81. 4954: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4937: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4877:(in Russian). 4876: 4872: 4866: 4853:on 2007-07-07 4852: 4848: 4847: 4839: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4786:, p. 79. 4785: 4780: 4778: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4751: 4745:, p. 80. 4744: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4721: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4690:, p. 95. 4689: 4684: 4675: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4619:, p. 77. 4618: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4596:, p. 78. 4595: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4567: 4552: 4548: 4541: 4535:, pp. 114-115 4534: 4530: 4524: 4509: 4503: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4470: 4464: 4448: 4442: 4434: 4428: 4414:on 2018-01-21 4413: 4409: 4403: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4350: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4322: 4312: 4303: 4296: 4290: 4283: 4278: 4269: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4241: 4221: 4214: 4198: 4194: 4188: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4132:, p. 99. 4131: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4081: 4077: 4071: 4057:on 2007-09-30 4056: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4027:on 2015-10-08 4026: 4022: 4018: 4017:"Locomotives" 4012: 4004: 3998: 3983: 3976: 3961: 3955: 3940: 3934: 3919: 3915: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3882:, p. 76. 3881: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3848: 3833: 3829: 3823: 3807: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3713: 3704: 3689: 3685: 3679: 3672: 3667: 3661: 3656: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3633:, p. 74. 3632: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3584: 3578: 3571: 3570:0-688-09513-5 3567: 3561: 3555:, p. 73. 3554: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3534: 3532:0-8488-0929-7 3528: 3524: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3468:Korean Review 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3437: 3431: 3429: 3421: 3416: 3410:, p. 75. 3409: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3377: 3370: 3364:, p. 72. 3363: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3298:, p. 53. 3297: 3292: 3286:, p. 71. 3285: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3252: 3248: 3235:. 9 June 2015 3234: 3230: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3149: 3148:China Railway 3145: 3140: 3135: 3134: 3128: 3126: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3103:Red Flag 5400 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3038: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2937:Rolling stock 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2892:P'yŏngŭi Line 2889: 2886: 2885: 2884:P'yŏngra Line 2881: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2836:P'yŏngbu Line 2833: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2710: 2707: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2593: 2591: 2590:China Railway 2587: 2582: 2579:Although the 2577: 2573: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2426:speed (km/h) 2423: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2407: 2405: 2404:P'yŏngbu Line 2400: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2332: 2329: 2325: 2323: 2322:track warrant 2312: 2309: 2307:Narrow gauge 2306: 2305: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2276: 2274:Single-track 2273: 2272: 2268: 2265: 2263:Double-track 2262: 2261: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2241:Route length 2240: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2196: 2173:1,520 mm 2170: 2147:1,435 mm 2139: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2022: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1956:Samjiyŏn Line 1953: 1949: 1945: 1944:P'yŏngui Line 1941: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1887: 1882: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1827: 1818: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1762:P'yŏngbu Line 1759: 1758:P'yŏngŭi Line 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1670:Arduous March 1667: 1663: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1626:Samjiyŏn Line 1623: 1619: 1615: 1604: 1601: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1494:in 1976, the 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1440:urban transit 1436: 1434: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1399:P'yŏngra Line 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1202:Tanch'ŏn Ch. 1201: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1161:Tanch'ŏn Ch. 1160: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1090:Sinsŏngch'ŏn 1089: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1002: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 988: 987: 983: 980: 977: 974: 971: 968: 967: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 944: 940: 937: 934: 931: 928: 925: 924: 918: 915: 911: 906: 902: 898: 894: 887: 886:P'yŏngra Line 883: 879: 871: 866: 862: 860: 856: 852: 843: 834: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 791: 788: 783: 779: 775: 771: 768:running from 767: 766:Hwanghae Line 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 715:Taedong River 711: 706: 700: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 676: 672: 663: 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 607: 604: 600: 596: 592: 584: 579: 575: 573: 569: 564: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 535: 531: 522: 518: 515: 510: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 486:Kyŏngŭi Lines 483: 479: 478:38th parallel 474: 472: 469:, 29 powered 468: 467:railway crane 464: 460: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 410: 408: 404: 399: 394: 384: 380: 371: 366: 356: 352: 342: 338: 336: 332: 328: 324: 322: 318: 308: 306: 302: 292: 290: 286: 281: 277: 273: 271: 267: 263: 257: 255: 251: 239: 237: 233: 223: 221: 217: 214: 210: 198: 194: 188: 186: 182: 160: 158:1,520 mm 149: 124: 122:1,435 mm 119: 117: 113: 108: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 90: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 65: 62: 58: 53: 46: 41: 37: 32: 22: 6542:Narrow-gauge 6370:Kanghaenggun 6239:Purŏp'a→1800 5987: 5929: 5910: 5888:. Retrieved 5879: 5867:. Retrieved 5863: 5854: 5835: 5823:. Retrieved 5819:the original 5814: 5805: 5793:. Retrieved 5786:the original 5773: 5762:. Retrieved 5752: 5743: 5732:. Retrieved 5728:"平壌〜北京間国際列車" 5722: 5713: 5702:. Retrieved 5700:. 2007-10-19 5655:. Retrieved 5651:the original 5646: 5637: 5625:. Retrieved 5621: 5612: 5600:. Retrieved 5596: 5587: 5575:. Retrieved 5568: 5559: 5547:. Retrieved 5541: 5532: 5521:. Retrieved 5517:the original 5512: 5502: 5490:. Retrieved 5484: 5459:. Retrieved 5453: 5428:. Retrieved 5424: 5415: 5404:. Retrieved 5400:the original 5389: 5378:. Retrieved 5374:the original 5364: 5345: 5333:. Retrieved 5327: 5318: 5306:. Retrieved 5295: 5283:. Retrieved 5279:the original 5274: 5248:. Retrieved 5244:the original 5239: 5215:. Retrieved 5211:the original 5206: 5197: 5185:. Retrieved 5179: 5155:. Retrieved 5151: 5129: 5121: 5106: 5092: 5083: 5073: 5057: 5033:. Retrieved 5029:the original 5024: 5015: 5006: 4997: 4985: 4966: 4960: 4910:. Retrieved 4906:the original 4901: 4874: 4865: 4855:, retrieved 4851:the original 4845: 4838: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4761: 4750: 4720: 4708:. Retrieved 4704: 4695: 4683: 4674: 4662:. Retrieved 4658: 4649: 4637:. Retrieved 4633: 4624: 4571:북부철길 1단계공사완료 4566: 4554:. Retrieved 4550: 4540: 4523: 4511:. Retrieved 4502: 4485: 4473:. Retrieved 4463: 4451:. Retrieved 4441: 4416:. Retrieved 4412:the original 4402: 4390:. Retrieved 4386:the original 4376: 4364:. Retrieved 4360: 4336:. Retrieved 4332: 4311: 4302: 4295:Kŭmgol Line 4289: 4277: 4268: 4257:. Retrieved 4251: 4227:. Retrieved 4213: 4201:. Retrieved 4196: 4187: 4175:. Retrieved 4171: 4146: 4137: 4108:. Retrieved 4104: 4095: 4083:. Retrieved 4079: 4070: 4059:. Retrieved 4055:the original 4050: 4040: 4029:. Retrieved 4025:the original 4020: 4011: 3986:. Retrieved 3975: 3964:. Retrieved 3954: 3943:. Retrieved 3933: 3921:. Retrieved 3917: 3896: 3887: 3847: 3835:. Retrieved 3831: 3822: 3810:. Retrieved 3800: 3755:. Retrieved 3751: 3742: 3712: 3703: 3691:. Retrieved 3688:logistics.ru 3687: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3655: 3638: 3605:. Retrieved 3601:the original 3586: 3577: 3560: 3522: 3516: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3480: 3467: 3440:. Retrieved 3415: 3375: 3369: 3340:. Retrieved 3336:the original 3326: 3291: 3255:. Retrieved 3251:the original 3237:. Retrieved 3223: 3122: 3111: 3084: 3075: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3003:Eastern Bloc 2992: 2980:colonial era 2957: 2919:Paengmu Line 2915: 2890: 2882: 2870: 2863:(Manp'o and 2854: 2834: 2814: 2798: 2774: 2760:Kangwŏn Line 2758: 2738: 2718: 2708: 2704: 2642: 2631: 2616: 2594: 2578: 2575: 2421:Travel time 2395: 2330: 2326: 2318: 2296:Broad gauge 2219:Kangwŏn Line 2207:narrow gauge 2144: 2113:2017 AFC Cup 2078: 2070: 2047: 2028: 2025:Organisation 2011: 2007: 1977: 1975: 1964: 1937: 1914:on the DPRK- 1909: 1902: 1891: 1877: 1862: 1823: 1803:Kangwŏn Line 1742:Kyŏngŭi Line 1734:Kim Dae-jung 1727: 1687: 1659: 1634:Paengmu Line 1618:Sinhŭng Line 1614:Paengmu Line 1610: 1596: 1560:Bullet Train 1545: 1517: 1492:Namhŭng Line 1486:(1971), the 1473: 1437: 1432: 1429: 1420:Sŏhaeri Line 1403:Tŏksŏng Line 1395:Great Leader 1353: 1349:East Germany 1310: 1008:25 May 1956 875: 858: 848: 831: 803:South Korean 792: 763: 743: 719:Kangwŏn Line 701: 680:Tŏkp'al Line 671:US Air Force 668: 588: 565: 529: 527: 506: 475: 447: 439: 431: 421: 378: 350: 348: 212: 60:Headquarters 6544:locomotives 6229:Purŏyu→1600 6219:Purŏnŏ→1400 6204:Purŏdu→1200 6199:Purŏha→1100 6162: [ 6059:Migayu→6600 6054:Miganŏ→6400 6049:Migasŏ→6300 6044:Migadu→6200 6029:Madŏdu→7200 6024:Madŏha→7100 6014:Degaha→8100 5998:Locomotives 5849:(in Korean) 5760:. Ameblo.jp 5370:"NK Briefs" 5131:China Daily 5021:"News, SPŽ" 4990:Kokubu 2007 4953:Kokubu 2007 4936:Kokubu 2007 4784:Kokubu 2007 4743:Kokubu 2007 4688:Kokubu 2007 4617:Kokubu 2007 4594:Kokubu 2007 4475:14 February 4453:14 February 4297:(in Korean) 4229:17 December 4130:Kokubu 2007 4021:GanzData.hu 3962:. Ameblo.jp 3941:. Ameblo.jp 3880:Kokubu 2007 3793:Kokubu 2007 3735:Kokubu 2007 3631:Kokubu 2007 3553:Kokubu 2007 3438:. Ameblo.jp 3408:Kokubu 2007 3362:Kokubu 2007 3319:Kokubu 2007 3284:Kokubu 2007 3181:South Korea 3167:) - open - 3125:Kim Jong Un 3079:Kim Jong Un 3031:Kim Il Sung 2800:Manp'o Line 2740:Hongŭi Line 2720:Hambuk Line 2713:Trunk lines 2581:Soviet Army 2215:substations 2211:electrified 2199:762 mm 2195:broad gauge 2021:attendees. 1924:South Korea 1829: [ 1718:Switzerland 1662:Kim Il Sung 1642:Hambuk Line 1622:Ongjin Line 1416:Ŭnnyul Line 1407:Kŭmgol Line 1375: [ 1356:Unbong Line 1256:Myŏngch'ŏn 1218:P'yŏngyang 1106:Myŏngch'ŏn 914:Kim Il Sung 897:Škoda Works 787:Kim Il Sung 747:Tumen River 696:Changsangri 603:DeRoI-class 561:Manp'o Line 534:electrified 514:Soviet Army 452:Pacific War 403:North Korea 395:: 385:: 367:: 357:: 147:762 mm 116:Track gauge 86:Predecessor 73:North Korea 6655:Categories 6224:Purŏo→1500 5934:Shinchosha 5764:2016-03-12 5734:2016-03-12 5704:2016-03-12 5698:Naver Blog 5523:2018-12-16 5406:2016-03-12 5380:2016-03-12 5308:31 January 4857:2007-05-11 4655:"鉄道省革命事績館" 4418:2018-01-20 4259:2017-08-16 4168:"북부 철길 건설" 4061:2018-01-20 4031:2012-02-05 3988:2016-03-12 3966:2016-03-12 3945:2016-03-12 3442:2016-03-12 3216:References 3123:Following 2984:Korean War 2931:Musan Line 2841:P'yŏngyang 2829:Pukpu Line 2769:P'yŏnggang 2669:P'yŏnggang 2625:as far as 2607:Ch'ŏnggang 2097:ice hockey 2089:volleyball 2085:basketball 1999:rare-earth 1869:Ryongch'ŏn 1807:Kŭmgangsan 1754:P'yŏngyang 1576:181 series 1504:Pukpu Line 1448:trolleybus 1360:Unbong Dam 1321:Ganz-MÁVAG 1278:Ch'ŏngjin 1259:Ch'ŏngjin 1183:P'yŏngsan 1145:Kilju Ch. 1123:Kilju Ch. 1068:Ch'ŏnsŏng 1014:Ch'ŏnsŏng 975:Ch'ŏnsŏng 910:Red Flag 1 727:P'yŏnggang 631:Yalu River 591:Korean War 500:(north of 407:P'yŏngyang 379:State Rail 289:Chosŏn'gŭl 283:Short name 220:Chosŏn'gŭl 64:P'yŏngyang 6471:trainsets 5304:. Reuters 4822:1531-4804 4357:"Sign in" 3812:7 January 3607:7 January 3420:Buzo 2002 3296:Buzo 2002 3257:9 October 3239:9 October 3112:In 2002, 3099:K62-class 2745:Tumangang 2653:Ch'ŏngjin 2614:, China. 2230:Category 2039:Ch'ŏngjin 1786:Imjingang 1706:Ch'ŏngjin 1691:K62-class 1666:Communism 1592:Paesanjŏm 1498:over the 1469:socialist 1387:P'yŏngsan 1341:K62-class 1329:Hungarian 1281:P'yŏngra 1262:P'yŏngra 1243:P'yŏngra 1224:P'yŏngŭi 1205:P'yŏngra 1180:Chiha-ri 1167:P'yŏngra 1164:Kimchaek 1148:P'yŏngra 1142:Kimchaek 1129:P'yŏngra 1126:Ryongban 1112:P'yŏngra 1093:P'yŏngra 1074:P'yŏngra 1036:P'yŏngbu 1017:P'yŏngra 978:P'yŏngra 955:Kyŏngwŏn 938:Distance 882:Ch'ŏnsŏng 797:(today's 755:Tumangang 545:Ch'ŏnsŏng 541:Sinch'ang 110:Technical 6631:Chŏnginŏ 6619:Electric 6478:Electric 6451:CSE26-21 6446:Red Flag 6360:Chŏngisŏ 6355:Chŏngidu 6350:Chŏngiha 6263:Electric 6007:(Tender) 5890:24 April 5869:24 April 5843:Archived 5825:24 April 5795:24 April 5657:24 April 5627:24 April 5602:24 April 5577:24 April 5549:24 April 5492:24 April 5461:24 April 5430:24 April 5353:Archived 5335:24 April 5285:24 April 5250:24 April 5217:24 April 5187:24 April 5157:24 April 5035:24 April 5007:TrainPix 4912:24 April 4830:57564589 4768:Archived 4763:Daily NK 4710:24 April 4664:24 April 4639:24 April 4556:24 April 4513:24 April 4497:, p. 115 4427:cite web 4392:24 April 4366:24 April 4338:24 April 4203:24 April 4177:24 April 4110:24 April 4085:24 April 3997:cite web 3923:24 April 3837:24 April 3757:24 April 3693:24 April 3650:, p. 112 3342:24 April 3192:See also 2976:Japanese 2960:electric 2805:Sunch'ŏn 2685:Sinch'ŏn 2415:Section 2191: in 2165: in 2081:football 2064:and the 2031:Kaech'ŏn 1960:Hoeryŏng 1850:Slovakia 1646:Hoeryŏng 1548:railcars 1490:and the 1471:system. 1366:and the 1333:M62-type 1240:Hongwŏn 1221:Sinŭiju 1199:Hongwŏn 1087:Yangdŏk 1052:Komusan 1046:1957-62 1033:Ryŏkp'o 1027:1957-62 1011:Yangdŏk 972:Yangdŏk 962:Sentetsu 941:Remarks 890:Type 22E 753:between 733:between 688:Tŏkch'ŏn 635:Matei 10 530:Kukch'ŏl 482:Kyŏngwŏn 471:railcars 448:Chōtetsu 440:Mantetsu 432:Sentetsu 398:Kukch'ŏl 341:Kukch'ŏl 327:Gukcheol 177: in 141: in 55:Overview 6365:Chŏngi5 5902:Sources 5058:FarRail 3748:"황해청년선" 3588:FindLaw 3042:Sinanju 3019:Romania 3007:Hungary 2999:Chinese 2901:Dandong 2899:(-> 2897:Sinŭiju 2849:Torasan 2847:(-> 2845:Kaesŏng 2787:(-> 2747:(-> 2689:Kaesŏng 2681:Sariwŏn 2612:Dandong 2598:Sinŭiju 2586:Beijing 2424:Average 2186:⁄ 2160:⁄ 2105:Sinŭiju 2043:Sariwŏn 2035:Hamhŭng 1986:Chedong 1971:Sinŭiju 1967:Kaesŏng 1946:to the 1942:on the 1940:Tongrim 1916:Russian 1854:Kaesŏng 1801:on the 1778:Torasan 1768:to the 1766:Kaesŏng 1750:Sinŭiju 1650:Namyang 1632:on the 1582:on the 1520:Yangdŏk 1463:had no 1391:Chihari 1345:Comecon 1325:Hungary 1297:Hasŏng 1109:Rodong 1055:Hambuk 1049:Susŏng 1030:Miryŏk 998:Manp'o 949:Pokkye 878:Yangdŏk 782:Sariwŏn 739:Dandong 735:Sinŭiju 692:P'arwŏn 647:US Army 619:Hungary 537:Yangdŏk 502:Kaesŏng 490:Sariwŏn 434:), the 426:by the 413:History 172:⁄ 136:⁄ 6603:Diesel 6522:Petrol 6379:Diesel 6244:Sadaha 6192:(Tank) 6114:Soriyu 6109:Sigŭha 6104:Pasiyu 6094:Pasinŏ 6079:Pasidu 6074:Pasiha 6069:Paruha 6064:Mogaha 6019:Koroha 5940: 5917: 5115:. 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The 2095:, and 2093:tennis 2060:, the 2041:, and 1990:Russia 1978:Sŭngri 1886:Munsan 1881:Korail 1811:Chejin 1799:Anbyŏn 1782:Munsan 1774:Korail 1772:, and 1674:Sŏngun 1630:Hŭngam 1512:Hyesan 1508:Manp'o 1465:subway 1411:Kŭmgol 1294:Haeju 1275:Rajin 1265:116.1 1246:144.5 1237:Kowŏn 1227:225.1 1208:127.0 1071:Kowŏn 992:Kaegu 952:Kosan 815:Wŏnsan 770:Hasŏng 759:Khasan 729:. 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