560:
614:
587:
596:
569:
650:
420:
produced in the same plant (or if meat and dairy products are both being produced), the two systems must remain completely separate, including the avoidance of heat transfer by boilers servicing the two production lines. If non-kosher food is being produced on the same machinery as kosher food, albeit in separate runs, all equipment and utensils must be intensively cleaned and then treated with boiling water before being used for the kosher run. The client must also agree to specific documentation and record-keeping systems in order to track raw ingredients coming in and processed foods going out, as well as production schedules.
605:
533:
847:
524:
725:
638:
777:
662:
467:
626:
833:
697:
551:
578:
819:
765:
791:
333:
682:
542:
386:
805:
737:
59:(rabbinic field representatives) to make periodic site visits and oversee the food-production or food-service process in order to verify ongoing compliance. Each agency has its own trademarked symbol that it allows manufacturers and food-service providers to display on their products or in-store certificates; use of this symbol can be revoked for non-compliance. Each agency typically has a "certifying rabbi" (
85:
487:, on its product packaging or on a certificate displayed in its food-service venue. Each agency has its own symbol, usually a registered trademark, that is the property of the agency and can be used only with permission. If certification is withdrawn for any reason, the client must destroy any packaging bearing the agency's symbol, as well as remove the symbol from its advertisements.
451:
878:, or rabbinic field representative, is the kosher certification agency's "eyes and ears" at the point of production or distribution. They must ensure that kosher and non-kosher production runs are kept completely separate. They must be familiar with all ingredients and the way they are produced to ensure kosher status. Most large certification agencies maintain a
408:
are required to approach individual certifying agencies and endure the application process multiple times, before settling on a suitable agency. To reduce time and effort, the company may wish to contact a Kosher certification broker who will aim to find the best Kosher certifying agency suited to the product and budget. A noted Kosher certification broker is
751:
927:
While critics contend that kosher certification raises the cost of the product to the consumer, the fees are absorbed into the client's regular operating costs. The client recoups the fee many times over due to the increased sales that result from kosher certification. However, the client may incur
897:
makes frequent and unannounced site visits during a production run to ensure compliance with the terms of the contract. If they see something suspicious or have any questions about the ingredients or production process, they immediately contacts one of the agency's rabbinic coordinators, who is the
415:
The next step is for the client to supply a list of all ingredients used in its food product and machinery (such as cleaning agents), which the certification agency will research and trace back to their sources and suppliers to verify their kosher status. If the client later deviates from this list
419:
Next, the agency's rabbinic representatives walk through the entire food production or food-service process with the client, noting equipment, production processes, packaging techniques, storage systems, and transportation arrangements that may compromise kosher status. If non-kosher food is being
407:
Large food manufacturers generally seek certification from larger, national and international agencies, while small, local businesses receive certification from rabbis serving that community, or from individual rabbis who have a good reputation in the industry. Clients seeking Kosher certification
613:
260:β further broadened the scope of kosher certification. A product produced in one country can contain ingredients and flavorings produced in other countries; these ingredients and flavorings must be tracked to their point of origin to verify their compliance with
559:
919:
and related administrative costs. If the agency is for-profit, it may levy an annual fee as well as request a percentage of gross annual sales. The agency may also require a one-time "set-up fee", a per-shift fee for special production runs, and a fee for
490:
Agencies are constantly on the lookout for fraudulent use of their symbol. Both agencies and consumer bulletins publicize the names of companies and products from which certification has been withdrawn. If a symbol is trademarked, unauthorized use is a
914:
Kosher certification agencies charge different fees based on the services they provide. There is generally an annual fee for the certification itself, which takes into account the number and frequency of on-site inspections by
511:
The letter "K" by itself cannot be trademarked, and therefore can be affixed to a product by anyone. It carries no legal or halakhic significance, and is therefore, with few exceptions, not a guarantee of kosher status.
198:
Before the advent of industrially-produced foods, Jewish families prepared their own meals at home and ensured the kashrut of raw ingredients themselves by taking chicken and meat to be slaughtered by a reliable
711:
236:
sought certification to expand their market. The proliferation of factory-produced foods following World War II saw a concomitant rise in kosher certification. In 1950, for example, the OU's staff of around 40
2162:
280:
to oversee the production of pre-processed ingredients and ensure their kosher status. Many certification agencies accept the use of pre-processed ingredients that have been approved by other agencies.
586:
213:. It was only in the 20th century, with the increased availability of industrially-produced food products aimed at the Jewish consumer, that independent kosher certification became a necessity.
595:
568:
1913:
41:
is prepared or served. This certification verifies that the ingredients, production process including all machinery, and/or food-service process complies with the standards of
368:β such as restaurants, nursing homes, university dining rooms, hospitals, stadiums, convention halls. Even though the hot dogs sold in a certain venue are certified kosher, a
166:
have deep international reach, there are kosher agencies on all six habitable continents. Particularly prominent among the various international kosher supervisors are the
179:
264:
laws. According to a 2013 estimate, the 135,000 food products then certified kosher contained more than one million food additives. Certification agencies regularly send
324:βkitniyos that has been "changed at the molecular level" (and therefore is no longer kitniyos)βand therefore the OU gives its hechsher to Diet Coke for use on Passover.
1614:
661:
649:
637:
976:
magazine. It also staffs an
Institute of Halacha, Kashrus Training Programs, a Kashrus Foodservice Training Seminar, and Telekosher Conference Series Webinars.
376:
must be present to ensure that non-kosher food items do not come in contact with them, and that non-kosher foods are not sold or distributed in kosher wrappers.
72:
A kosher certification agency's purview extends only to those areas mandated by Jewish law. Kosher certification is not a substitute for government or private
1117:
442:
The agency and client sign a one-year contract which is renewed automatically, unless either party notifies the other of its desire to end the relationship.
111:
on the part of the food producer. Non-Orthodox agencies accept leniences in certain aspects of food production and business operation (such as operating on
985:
2430:
1355:
95:
As of 2014, there are more than 1,100 kosher certification agencies. These include international, national, regional, Israeli, specialty, and non-
37:, "seal of approval") to ingredients, packaged foods, beverages, and certain materials, as well as food-service providers and facilities in which
409:
1032:
846:
1924:
1193:
1267:
2157:
928:
additional expense if it must make changes in its machinery or production process to accommodate the kosher certification.
2435:
1728:
724:
1902:
1830:
1807:
492:
190:. MK Kosher is a leading kosher certification agency providing kosher certication for over 75,000 products worldwide.
416:
and brings other ingredients into its facility, the agency has the right to demand changes or terminate the contract.
2068:
2323:
2273:
1121:
937:
424:
964:
In addition to kosher certification, the larger agencies engage in consumer education and industry advancement.
127:, known as the "Big Five", certify more than 80% of the kosher food sold in the US. These five agencies are the
1948:
1881:
1854:
1087:
832:
2298:
2235:
716:
357:β including meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, fruits and vegetables, grains, beverages, and food additives
241:(rabbinic field representatives) certified 184 products for 37 companies; by 1972, the OU had more than 750
2369:
2348:
2152:
2263:
2091:
776:
210:
1365:
1286:
2388:
2293:
2268:
1061:
882:
listing "hundreds of thousands of ingredients and formulas" to provide up-to-date information to their
852:
307:
144:
681:
498:
In addition to the symbol, many agencies indicate whether the product is dairy ("D"), meaty ("Meat"),
481:
Upon approval, the client receives permission to display the kosher certification agency's symbol, or
2121:
1242:
818:
171:
625:
710:
2313:
824:
796:
790:
604:
532:
229:
155:
132:
1873:
1360:
423:
A food-service venue must comply with additional halakhic requirements, such as respecting the
1936:
1818:
523:
2318:
2061:
1892:
941:
742:
454:
The circled U at the upper left corner indicates that this product is certified as kosher by
151:
1840:
1797:
764:
2374:
2126:
1959:
8:
2379:
1846:
390:
736:
1968:
1866:
1095:
898:
decision-maker for issues of compliance and certification. For a food-service event, a
696:
310:(COR) and therefore that agency does not give its hechsher to that product for use on
2384:
1944:
1898:
1877:
1850:
1826:
1803:
248:
In the late 20th century, the increasing use of pre-processed ingredients β such as
2425:
2353:
2278:
2054:
945:
466:
404:
The certification process begins with a request for certification from the client.
175:
108:
96:
1989:
1454:
462:" indicates that this product contains neither milk- nor meat-derived ingredients.
2308:
2303:
167:
100:
30:
750:
2399:
2210:
2205:
2142:
1428:
1177:
428:
221:
206:
104:
49:
1736:
643:
Dairy, Kosher under the
Supervision of the Rabbinate of the holy city of Safed
232:, in 1935. Kosher certification expanded in the 1930s as major brands such as
2419:
2230:
1618:
1169:
1083:
956:
either as a standalone certification or in addition to kosher certification.
804:
284:
Certification agencies may differ on the kosher status of foods based on the
124:
2163:
Prohibition against slaughtering an animal and its offspring on the same day
1994:
550:
2404:
2394:
2338:
2283:
2197:
2177:
1576:
1268:""The consumer is the ultimate winner," MK Kosher says as it expands in SA"
906:
must be on hand at all times to ensure that kosher standards are enforced.
782:
688:
577:
398:
257:
2036:
990:
53:, the benchmark of religious Jewish law. The certification agency employs
2240:
2215:
277:
73:
38:
1972:
1057:
1033:"Kosher Certification: A Model for Improving Private Food Safety Audits"
2343:
2187:
436:
1999:
1596:
1594:
332:
2111:
1529:
865:
838:
672:
475:
455:
299:
295:
249:
233:
225:
217:
128:
55:
2333:
2147:
2101:
2016:
1591:
969:
879:
541:
515:
505:
483:
471:
432:
394:
311:
303:
273:
253:
25:
2041:
2011:
2220:
2182:
2106:
2077:
1842:
Is it Kosher? Encyclopedia of Kosher Foods: Facts & Fallacies
1512:
1510:
668:
385:
347:
341:
201:
112:
43:
2328:
2288:
2258:
2172:
2167:
2096:
2026:
965:
756:
702:
459:
163:
140:
88:
2021:
1507:
1426:
Taub, Rabbi Moshe. "Special for the Annual Ami Kosher Issue".
1143:
1088:"What Education Reformers Can Learn from Kosher Certification"
972:
84:
2225:
2116:
953:
810:
500:
316:
286:
269:
159:
136:
2031:
655:
OU-P Orthodox Union of
America (OU), Kosher for Passover (P)
1194:"Conservative heksher can expand kosher market, rabbis say"
450:
69:
standards to be applied and oversees their implementation.
2046:
1729:"Kashrut.com - Kosher Food Alerts and Mislabeled Products"
2005:
949:
350:(Jewish law), the following requires kosher supervision:
23:
is an organization or certifying authority that grants a
1711:
1709:
1632:
968:, for example, operates a Kosher Hotline and produces a
1694:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1380:
1823:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1615:"Understanding the Complexities of Kosher Ingredients"
1559:
1557:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1706:
1579:. Uniglobe Global Kosher Certification Services. 2008
1321:
327:
1934:
1774:
1675:
1600:
1577:"Frequently Asked Questions on Kosher Certification"
1542:
1495:
1392:
1333:
1309:
1297:
1223:
224:(OU) in 1923. Its director, Abraham Goldstein, left
1762:
1750:
1663:
1644:
1554:
1211:
1007:
216:The first independent kosher certification agency,
1935:Regenstein, Joe M.; Regenstein, Carrie E. (2000),
1865:
1170:"Understanding the Reliability of Kosher Agencies"
986:Products without kosher certification requirements
245:certifying over 2,500 products for 475 companies.
1613:Grocholl, Dr. Luke; Segal, Rabbi Gershon (2015).
1287:"Change on the plate one year after "Koshergate""
187:
123:The largest kosher certification agencies in the
2417:
1957:Rosen, Rebecca J. (Autumn 2010). "Food Police".
516:Symbols of various kosher certification agencies
183:
1912:Morris, Lisa; Hayes, Jim; York, Elaine (2005).
1911:
1868:Habeas Codfish: Reflections on Food and the Law
1516:
1937:"Religious Food Laws and the Seafood Industry"
1243:"How to Decipher Kosher Certification Symbols"
2062:
1612:
209:. In the kitchen, the housewife observed the
16:Organization certifying that items are kosher
1356:"The Rapidly Expanding World of Kosher Food"
1168:Fishbane, Rabbi Sholem (November 12, 2014).
931:
228:to establish a second certification agency,
2069:
2055:
1923:(3). Burns & McDonnell. Archived from
1191:
991:Directory of Kashkrus agencies and symbols
936:Some certification agencies, most notably
47:(Jewish dietary law) as stipulated in the
1872:. University of Wisconsin Press. p.
1115:
1058:"Directory of Kosher Certifying Agencies"
859:
2032:The Association of Kashrus Organizations
1863:
1700:
1409:
1407:
1350:
1348:
1284:
1265:
1167:
940:offer additional certifications such as
465:
449:
384:
380:
331:
83:
2431:Kosher food certification organizations
2027:Direct Kosher (DK) Kosher certification
1941:Marine and Freshwater Products Handbook
1838:
1802:(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
1688:
1548:
1501:
1327:
1082:
2418:
1890:
1816:
1715:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1398:
1386:
1339:
1315:
1229:
1217:
1163:
1161:
1018:
2050:
1956:
1795:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1669:
1657:
1638:
1563:
1404:
1345:
1303:
1024:
667:Certificates issued by the rabbinate
99:agencies. Specialty agencies endorse
91:symbol as found on certified products
1452:
1109:
1031:Lytton, Timothy D. (20 March 2013).
1821:, in Williams, Elizabeth M. (ed.),
1435:
1285:Feinberg, Tali (18 November 2021).
1266:Feinberg, Tali (11 November 2021).
1158:
959:
294:(rabbinic authority). For example,
34:
13:
493:federal crime in the United States
328:What requires kosher certification
211:strict separation of milk and meat
115:) that Orthodox agencies do not.
14:
2447:
2042:Orthodox Kosher Supervision India
1983:
1479:, November 12, 2014, pp. 102β104.
1432:, November 14, 2018, pp. 254β255.
1364:. 2 December 2010. Archived from
2324:Rabbinical Council of California
2294:Kashruth Council of Canada (COR)
2000:EarthKosher Kosher Certification
1914:"Obtaining Kosher Certification"
1601:Regenstein & Regenstein 2000
1492:, November 12, 2014, pp. 98β100.
938:EarthKosher Kosher Certification
845:
831:
817:
803:
789:
775:
763:
749:
735:
723:
709:
695:
680:
660:
648:
636:
624:
612:
603:
594:
585:
576:
567:
558:
549:
540:
531:
522:
314:. In contrast, the OU relies on
2037:KosherQuest.org: Kosher Symbols
1839:Eidlitz, Rabbi Eliezer (2004).
1817:Carter, Stephanie Jane (2011),
1721:
1606:
1569:
1522:
1482:
1469:
1420:
1417:, November 12, 2014, pp. 92β93.
1278:
1259:
1235:
671:for kosher noodles produced in
1185:
1136:
1076:
1050:
839:MK Kosher Certification Agency
470:Juice certified as kosher for
320:who rule that the additive is
205:and ensuring that milking was
188:Kosher Certification in Canada
1:
2299:Kosher Supervision of America
2251:Kosher certification agencies
1517:Morris, Hayes & York 2005
996:
717:Kosher Supervision of America
2370:Civil laws regarding kashrut
2349:Union of Orthodox Synagogues
1897:. Harvard University Press.
1488:Feinstein, Tziporah. "CRC".
1475:Krausz, Yossi. "OK Kosher".
7:
2264:Central Rabbinical Congress
2092:Milk and meat in Jewish law
2076:
1891:Lytton, Timothy D. (2013).
1864:Levenson, Barry M. (2001).
1796:Blech, Zushe Yosef (2009).
1291:South African Jewish Report
1272:South African Jewish Report
1198:Pittsburgh Jewish Chronicle
1144:"The Magen Tzedek Standard"
979:
290:(halakhic ruling) of their
118:
65:) who determines the exact
21:kosher certification agency
10:
2452:
2436:Religious consumer symbols
2269:Chicago Rabbinical Council
1995:Chicago Rabbinical Council
1789:
1062:Chicago Rabbinical Council
863:
853:Kashruth Council of Canada
339:
308:Kashruth Council of Canada
193:
180:Rabbi Mordechai Rottenberg
101:ethical business practices
2362:
2249:
2196:
2135:
2084:
1819:"Kosher and Halal Labels"
1192:Tabachnick, Toby (2013).
932:Additional certifications
687:Kosher label for Israeli
445:
172:Kashrus Council of Canada
76:testing and enforcement.
2022:Badatz Kosher (Spanish)
1453:Rich, Tracey R. (2011).
1413:Asher, Chany. "Star-K".
1116:Rotkovitz, Miri (2015).
1001:
924:equipment and utensils.
79:
2314:OK Kosher Certification
2158:Foreleg, cheeks and maw
1990:OU Kosher Certification
1530:"About β Direct Kosher"
1455:"Kashrut Certification"
909:
825:OK Kosher Certification
797:OK Kosher Certification
730:Menachem Mendel Stern's
109:environmental awareness
2006:https://ksakosher.org/
1799:Kosher Food Production
1361:Bloomberg Businessweek
860:Role of the mashgichim
619:Kashrut Europe, Vienna
478:
463:
401:
337:
302:, is considered to be
298:, a key ingredient in
92:
2319:Orthodox Union Kosher
2153:limb of a live animal
743:Orthodox Union Kosher
469:
453:
388:
381:Certification process
335:
322:kitniyos shenishtanah
250:artificial flavorings
220:, was founded by the
87:
2375:Criticism of kashrut
2127:Kosher by ingredient
1960:The Wilson Quarterly
1845:(Revised ed.).
1146:. Magen Tzedek. 2015
1118:"Kosher Symbols 101"
2380:Kosher airline meal
1847:Feldheim Publishers
1641:, pp. 172β173.
1368:on December 6, 2010
1124:on 31 December 2016
506:kosher for Passover
391:kosher airline meal
366:Food-service venues
336:Kosher oven cleaner
207:supervised by a Jew
1978:Jstor subscription
1096:Harvard University
1064:. 18 November 2014
479:
464:
402:
361:Production process
338:
93:
2413:
2412:
2385:Kosher restaurant
1979:
1389:, pp. 46β47.
393:certified by the
186:is the leader in
2443:
2354:Kosher Australia
2279:Edah HaChareidis
2071:
2064:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2012:Kashrus Magazine
1977:
1976:
1953:
1931:
1929:
1918:
1908:
1887:
1871:
1860:
1835:
1813:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1735:. Archived from
1725:
1719:
1713:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1573:
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1561:
1552:
1546:
1540:
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1537:
1536:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1450:
1433:
1424:
1418:
1411:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1120:. Archived from
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1086:(7 April 2014).
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1037:Food Safety News
1028:
1022:
1016:
974:Kashrus Kurrents
960:Other activities
849:
835:
821:
807:
793:
779:
767:
753:
739:
727:
713:
699:
684:
664:
652:
640:
628:
616:
607:
598:
589:
580:
571:
562:
553:
544:
535:
526:
437:Jewish fast days
268:to factories in
176:Kosher Australia
36:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2358:
2309:Montreal Kosher
2304:London Beth Din
2245:
2192:
2131:
2080:
2075:
1986:
1951:
1927:
1916:
1905:
1884:
1857:
1833:
1810:
1792:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1733:www.kashrut.com
1727:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1707:
1699:
1695:
1687:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1519:, pp. 1β5.
1515:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1436:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1283:
1279:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1247:The Spruce Eats
1241:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1190:
1186:
1172:
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504:("Pareve"), or
448:
425:laws of Shabbat
383:
344:
330:
230:OK Laboratories
196:
168:London Beit Din
121:
82:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2400:Kosher tourism
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2143:Kosher animals
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2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1984:External links
1982:
1981:
1980:
1967:(4): 109β110.
1954:
1949:
1932:
1930:on 2014-10-19.
1909:
1904:978-0674075238
1903:
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1832:978-0313364488
1831:
1814:
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1808:
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1783:, p. 176.
1773:
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1705:
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1693:
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1092:Education Next
1084:Bedrick, Jason
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340:Main article:
329:
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292:rav hamakhshir
222:Orthodox Union
195:
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105:animal welfare
81:
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62:Rav Hamachshir
50:Shulchan Arukh
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1782:
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1771:, p. 17.
1770:
1765:
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1758:
1753:
1739:on 2022-09-20
1738:
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1724:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1702:
1701:Levenson 2001
1697:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1672:, p. 14.
1671:
1666:
1660:, p. 16.
1659:
1654:
1652:
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1648:
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1635:
1620:
1619:Sigma-Aldrich
1616:
1609:
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1597:
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1578:
1572:
1566:, p. 13.
1565:
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1457:. Judaism 101
1456:
1449:
1447:
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1443:
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1431:
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1416:
1410:
1408:
1401:, p. 59.
1400:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1367:
1363:
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1357:
1351:
1349:
1342:, p. 45.
1341:
1336:
1330:, p. 32.
1329:
1324:
1318:, p. 44.
1317:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1292:
1288:
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1273:
1269:
1262:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1232:, p. 72.
1231:
1226:
1220:, p. 74.
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1021:, p. 62.
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770:Tirosh kosher
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631:Direct Kosher
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410:Direct Kosher
405:
400:
396:
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387:
375:
371:
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364:
362:
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351:
349:
346:According to
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309:
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258:preservatives
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125:United States
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63:
58:
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51:
46:
45:
40:
32:
28:
27:
22:
2405:Magen Tzedek
2395:Kosher style
2339:Tav HaYosher
2284:Kosher Check
2250:
2198:Kosher foods
2178:Gid hanasheh
2004:
1964:
1958:
1940:
1925:the original
1920:
1893:
1867:
1841:
1825:, ABC-CLIO,
1822:
1798:
1776:
1764:
1752:
1741:. Retrieved
1737:the original
1732:
1723:
1696:
1691:, p. 3.
1689:Eidlitz 2004
1665:
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1608:
1581:. Retrieved
1571:
1551:, p. 2.
1549:Eidlitz 2004
1544:
1533:. Retrieved
1524:
1504:, p. 1.
1502:Eidlitz 2004
1497:
1489:
1484:
1476:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1427:
1422:
1414:
1394:
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1366:the original
1359:
1335:
1328:Eidlitz 2004
1323:
1311:
1299:
1290:
1280:
1271:
1261:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:
1187:
1176:
1148:. Retrieved
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:the original
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1091:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:
1026:
973:
963:
935:
926:
921:
916:
913:
903:
899:
894:
890:
888:
883:
875:
871:
869:
783:Kosher Check
510:
499:
497:
489:
482:
480:
458:. The word "
441:
422:
418:
414:
406:
403:
399:Johannesburg
373:
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360:
354:
345:
321:
315:
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283:
265:
261:
247:
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197:
149:
122:
94:
71:
66:
61:
60:
54:
48:
42:
24:
20:
18:
2274:EarthKosher
2241:Kosher wine
2236:Kosher fish
2216:Pas Yisroel
2136:Kosher meat
2017:Kashrut.com
1716:Carter 2011
1583:19 February
1399:Lytton 2013
1387:Lytton 2013
1340:Lytton 2013
1316:Lytton 2013
1230:Lytton 2013
1218:Lytton 2013
1101:19 February
1019:Lytton 2013
278:Philippines
254:emulsifiers
74:food safety
39:kosher food
2420:Categories
2344:Triangle K
2188:Ben pekuah
2085:Principles
1950:1566768896
1921:TechBriefs
1883:0299175103
1856:1583306161
1781:Blech 2009
1769:Blech 2009
1757:Blech 2009
1743:2022-09-20
1670:Blech 2009
1658:Blech 2009
1639:Blech 2009
1624:17 January
1564:Blech 2009
1535:2021-02-22
1461:10 January
1304:Rosen 2010
1252:2021-02-19
1203:10 January
1150:17 January
1128:10 January
1068:10 January
997:References
917:mashgichim
884:mashgichim
276:, and the
266:mashgichim
243:mashgichim
239:mashgichim
150:While the
56:mashgichim
2112:Mashgiach
1372:8 January
1042:8 January
952:, and/or
922:kashering
904:mashgicha
900:mashgiach
895:mashgicha
891:mashgiach
876:mashgicha
872:mashgiach
866:Mashgiach
673:Uffenheim
476:OU Kosher
456:OU Kosher
374:mashgicha
370:mashgiach
300:Diet Coke
296:aspartame
234:Coca-Cola
226:OU Kosher
218:OU Kosher
184:MK Kosher
2334:Tablet-K
2148:Shechita
2122:Kil'ayim
2102:Hechsher
1973:41001166
1181:: 82β85.
980:See also
970:Passover
880:database
484:hechsher
472:Passover
433:Passover
395:Beth Din
312:Passover
304:kitniyot
274:Thailand
119:Agencies
97:Orthodox
26:hechsher
2426:Kashrut
2363:Related
2221:Chadash
2183:Terefah
2107:Kashrut
2078:Kashrut
1790:Sources
942:Organic
669:Ansbach
508:("P").
429:Yom Tov
389:Sealed
348:halakha
342:Kashrut
306:by the
262:kashrut
202:shochet
194:History
113:Shabbat
67:kashrut
44:kashrut
2329:Star-K
2289:Seal-K
2259:Badatz
2173:Nikkur
2168:Chelev
2097:Pareve
1971:
1947:
1901:
1894:Kosher
1880:
1853:
1829:
1806:
966:Star-K
948:, non-
757:Star-K
703:Seal-K
501:pareve
460:Pareve
446:Symbol
317:poskim
256:, and
178:, and
170:, the
164:Star-K
162:, and
143:, and
141:Star-K
107:, and
89:Star-K
31:Hebrew
2226:Orlah
2117:Bitul
1969:JSTOR
1928:(PDF)
1917:(PDF)
1173:(PDF)
1002:Notes
954:Halal
946:Paleo
811:Kof-K
689:dates
355:Foods
287:p'sak
270:China
160:Kof-K
137:KOF-K
80:Scope
2389:list
1945:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1851:ISBN
1827:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1626:2015
1585:2015
1463:2015
1374:2015
1205:2015
1152:2015
1130:2015
1103:2015
1070:2015
1044:2015
910:Fees
889:The
870:The
35:ΧΧΧ©Χ¨
1874:190
1490:Ami
1477:Ami
1429:Ami
1415:Ami
1178:Ami
950:GMO
474:by
397:of
145:CRC
2422::
1965:34
1963:.
1939:,
1919:.
1876:.
1849:.
1731:.
1708:^
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1060:.
1035:.
1009:^
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495:.
439:.
431:,
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272:,
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182:.
174:,
158:,
156:OK
154:,
152:OU
147:.
139:,
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133:OK
131:,
129:OU
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1907:.
1886:.
1859:.
1812:.
1746:.
1628:.
1587:.
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1274:.
1255:.
1207:.
1154:.
1132:.
1105:.
1072:.
1046:.
902:/
893:/
874:/
675:.
372:/
29:(
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