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820:), the passive target spacecraft. The two craft remained mechanically docked for three and a half hours, although an electrical connection could not be made. The descent module of Kosmos 186 was successfully recovered in the Soviet Union on 31 October 1967, but the accidental firing of the self-destruct mechanism of Kosmos 188 during the descent prevented its recovery on 2 November 1967. Despite the anomalies, the automatic docking mission demonstrated a new capability for the Soviet Union that proved valuable to their future human space flight programs. Although the Soviet lunar landing programme was cancelled before an actual landing mission, automatic dockings were an integral component of their
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missions earlier that year it was decided to proceed with unmanned flights first. But because the Soviet Union had no ground stations outside its own territory, this meant the docking had to be fully automated. After the first attempt failed (a fly by at a distance of 900 metres (3,000 ft)), the
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and the planned mission could be carried out. Kosmos 188 was operated in a low Earth orbit, it had a perigee of 180 kilometres (110 mi), an apogee of 247 kilometres (153 mi), an inclination of 51.7°, and an orbital period of 89.0 minutes, and had a mass of 6,000 kilograms (13,000 lb).
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and the planned mission could be carried out. Kosmos 186 was operated in a low Earth orbit, it had a perigee of 172 kilometres (107 mi), an apogee of 212 kilometres (132 mi), an inclination of 51.7°, and an orbital period of 88.7 minutes, and had a mass of 6,000 kilograms (13,000 lb).
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on 30 October 1967. Mutual search, approach, mooring, and docking were automatically performed by the IGLA-system onboard Kosmos 186. After 3.5 hours of joint flight, the satellites parted on a command sent from the Earth and continued to orbit separately. Officially, both made a soft landing in a
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predetermined region of the Soviet Union — Kosmos 186 on 31 October 1967 and Kosmos 188 on 2 November 1967. But according to Boris
Chertok, "one of the vehicles was destroyed by the emergency destruction system". (See B.Chertok, Rockets and People, Vol.IV, Chapter 8, page 156)
816:) launched first on 27 October 1967 and underwent a meticulous on-orbit checkout, followed by Kosmos 188 three days later. With Kosmos 186 taking the active role in the docking, the two craft docked just 62 minutes after the launch of Kosmos 188 (
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second attempt succeeded over the South
Atlantic. However, this docking was not entirely successful either — the modules were mechanically docked, but not electrically. Also, the manoeuvre had cost more fuel than anticipated.
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This mission proved it possible to launch smaller parts and assemble them in space, thus eliminating the need for exceedingly large rockets for larger undertakings like a
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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space station programs and remain in practice today on the
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Radio observations of Kosmos-186/188, the first automatic docking, Sven Grahn
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NASA 50 Years Ago: The First
Automatic Docking in Space, 19 October 2017
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NASA 50 Years Ago: The First
Automatic Docking in Space, 18 April 2020
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3498:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
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descent module for landing scientific instruments and test objects.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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732:) were two uncrewed Soviet Union spacecraft that incorporated a
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The two Soviet spacecraft made the first fully automated
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27:
Uncrewed docking test of the Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft
3521:This article about one or more spacecraft of the
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3494:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
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1133:List of Russian human spaceflight missions
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744:Because of the lethal outcome of both the
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1128:List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
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772:On 30 October 1967 at 08:12:41 GMT, the
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792:The first automatic docking in space.
776:booster and Kosmos 188 were set up at
760:booster and Kosmos 186 were set up at
50:spacecraft with an active docking unit
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2524:; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".
2516:Uncrewed missions are designated as
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992:russianspaceweb.com, kosmos-186-188
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1076:yourtube Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188
967:"Cosmos 188: Trajectory 1967-107A"
899:"Cosmos 186: Trajectory 1967-105A"
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3596:Soviet Union spacecraft stubs
1181:Cosmonaut ranks and positions
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498:30 October 1967, 08:12:41 GMT
177:27 October 1967, 09:29:59 GMT
3529:. You can help Knowledge by
806:history of space exploration
651:Kosmos 186/188 stamp (1968)
7:
3581:Spacecraft launched in 1967
3576:Soyuz uncrewed test flights
830:International Space Station
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774:Soyuz 11A511 s/n N15000-07
758:Soyuz 11A511 s/n U15000-05
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3586:1967 in the Soviet Union
973:. NASA. 27 February 2020
934:. NASA. 27 February 2020
905:. NASA. 27 February 2020
866:. NASA. 27 February 2020
1123:List of Soyuz missions
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1149:Soyuz (rocket family)
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571:Reference system
438:Spacecraft properties
250:Reference system
117:Spacecraft properties
2576:Orbital launches in
1324:Zond lunar programme
1201:(by spacecraft type)
1159:Baikonur Cosmodrome
971:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
932:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
903:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
864:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
782:Baikonur Cosmodrome
766:Baikonur Cosmodrome
676:Kosmos (satellites)
384:Uncrewed spacecraft
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348:Kosmos (satellites)
63:Uncrewed spacecraft
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1638:(uncrewed landing)
1154:Soyuz (spacecraft)
1068:Spaceflight portal
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655:Soyuz (spacecraft)
566:Orbital parameters
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245:Orbital parameters
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1464:Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1
1439:Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1
1176:Soyuz abort modes
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814:Soyuz 7K-OK No.6
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592:Perigee altitude
490:Start of mission
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3333:Molniya-1 No.12
3298:Intelsat II F-4
3182:Lunar Orbiter 5
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1199:Past missions
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802:space docking
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691: →
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682:←
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3531:expanding it
3523:Soviet Union
3520:
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3362:
3352:
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3154:
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2763:
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2521:
2517:
1723:Apollo–Soyuz
1481:Soyuz 7K-OKS
1455:Soyuz 7K-LOK
1430:Soyuz 7K-L1E
1417:
1410:
1248:
1243:
1030:
1009:
998:
987:
975:. Retrieved
970:
936:. Retrieved
931:
907:. Retrieved
902:
868:. Retrieved
863:
834:
817:
813:
812:Kosmos 186 (
811:
799:
796:stamp, 1968.
794:Soviet Union
771:
755:
743:
729:
717:
713:
701:
700:
674:
662:
653:
626:89.0 minutes
550:Landing date
464:Manufacturer
381:Mission type
346:
339:
325:
305:88.7 minutes
229:Landing date
143:Manufacturer
60:Mission type
47:
29:
3414:7K-L1 No.5L
3292:7K-L1 No.4L
3234:Surveyor 5
3138:Explorer 35
3128:Surveyor 4
2999:Calsphere 4
2994:Calsphere 3
2947:Explorer 34
2845:San Marco 2
2828:Surveyor 3
2520:instead of
2317:Soyuz MS-01
2196:(2010–2016)
2194:Soyuz-TMA-M
2079:Soyuz TMA-1
2072:(2002–2012)
1884:(1986–2002)
1780:Kosmos 1001
1773:(1978–1986)
1742:(1974–1976)
1695:(1974–1976)
1693:Soyuz 7K-TM
1509:(1972–1981)
1457:(1971–1972)
1432:(1969–1970)
1320:(1967–1970)
1318:Soyuz 7K-L1
1211:(1966–1970)
1209:Soyuz 7K-OK
1142:Main topics
612:Inclination
514:Launch site
495:Launch date
474:Launch mass
457:Soyuz 7K-OK
425:3 days
291:Inclination
193:Launch site
174:Launch date
153:Launch mass
136:Soyuz 7K-OK
104:4 days
48:Soyuz 7K-OK
3570:Categories
3480:Kosmos 198
3475:Kosmos 197
3470:Kosmos 196
3465:Kosmos 195
3435:Kosmos 194
3425:Kosmos 193
3420:Kosmos 192
3408:Kosmos 191
3393:Surveyor 6
3383:Kosmos 190
3368:Kosmos 189
3363:Kosmos 188
3358:Kosmos 187
3353:Kosmos 186
3348:Kosmos 185
3338:Kosmos 184
3323:Kosmos 183
3318:Kosmos 182
3313:Kosmos 181
3279:Kosmos 180
3269:Kosmos 179
3259:Kosmos 178
3254:Kosmos 177
3244:Kosmos 176
3239:Kosmos 175
3217:Kosmos 174
3212:Kosmos 173
3197:Kosmos 172
3192:Kosmos 171
3177:Kosmos 170
3133:Kosmos 169
3123:Kosmos 168
3059:Kosmos 167
3044:Kosmos 166
3034:Kosmos 165
3024:Kosmos 164
3019:Kosmos 163
3009:Kosmos 162
2989:Timation 1
2984:NRL-PL 159
2979:NRL PL-154
2974:NRL PL-153
2969:NRL PL-152
2964:NRL PL-151
2932:Kosmos 161
2922:Kosmos 160
2917:Kosmos 159
2912:Kosmos 158
2907:Kosmos 157
2857:Kosmos 156
2811:Kosmos 155
2806:Kosmos 154
2791:Kosmos 153
2781:Kosmos 152
2776:Kosmos 151
2759:Kosmos 150
2754:Kosmos 149
2749:Kosmos 148
2744:Kosmos 147
2739:Kosmos 146
2729:Kosmos 145
2724:Kosmos 144
2719:Kosmos 143
2699:Kosmos 142
2694:Kosmos 141
2679:Kosmos 140
2652:Kosmos 139
2647:Kosmos 138
2387:(uncrewed)
1895:(uncrewed)
1891:Soyuz TM-1
1795:(uncrewed)
1749:Kosmos 670
1740:Soyuz 7K-S
1702:Kosmos 638
1577:(uncrewed)
1541:Kosmos 656
1531:Kosmos 613
1516:Kosmos 496
1507:Soyuz 7K-T
1445:Kosmos 382
1344:Zond 1967A
1333:Kosmos 146
1273:(uncrewed)
1244:Kosmos 186
1233:Kosmos 140
1228:(uncrewed)
1218:Kosmos 133
843:References
730:Cosmos 188
726:Космос-188
718:Kosmos 188
714:Cosmos 186
710:Космос-186
702:Kosmos 186
689:Kosmos 189
684:Kosmos 187
668:Kosmos 212
663:Kosmos 186
575:Geocentric
527:Contractor
443:Spacecraft
372:Kosmos 188
361:Kosmos 187
356:Kosmos 185
340:Kosmos 188
254:Geocentric
206:Contractor
122:Spacecraft
35:Kosmos 186
18:Kosmos 186
3492:underline
3455:Pioneer 8
3039:Mariner 5
2765:OGCh No.8
2704:Diadème 2
2689:Diadème 1
2070:Soyuz-TMA
1791:Soyuz T-1
1169:Site 31/6
762:Site 31/6
585:Low Earth
404:1967-107A
400:COSPAR ID
264:Low Earth
83:1967-105A
79:COSPAR ID
3450:OPS 1001
3445:OPS 5000
3398:Apollo 4
3378:OPS 1587
3373:OPS 0562
3343:OPS 4995
3308:OPS 1264
3274:OPS 4947
3264:OPS 4941
3249:OPS 5089
3207:OPS 7202
3202:OPS 4886
3187:OPS 4827
3150:OPS 1879
3108:IDCSP 19
3103:IDCSP 18
3098:IDCSP 17
3093:IDCSP 16
3071:OPS 4286
3054:OPS 1873
3049:OPS 3559
3029:Venera 4
3014:OPS 4360
3004:OPS 5712
2942:OPS 5557
2937:OPS 4321
2927:OPS 7218
2902:OPS 1967
2897:OPS 4696
2867:OPS 6679
2862:OPS 6638
2851:OPS 4243
2823:OPS 0100
2786:OPS 4779
2714:OPS 4204
2709:OPS 4750
2684:OPS 6073
2669:OPS 4399
2642:IDCSP 16
2637:IDCSP 15
2632:IDCSP 14
2627:IDCSP 13
2622:IDCSP 12
2617:IDCSP 11
2612:IDCSP 10
2602:OPS 1664
2308:Soyuz MS
1882:Soyuz-TM
1712:Soyuz 16
1546:Soyuz 14
1536:Soyuz 13
1526:Soyuz 12
1490:Soyuz 10
1389:Zond-M 1
1164:Site 1/5
977:19 April
938:19 April
909:19 April
870:19 April
778:Site 1/5
750:Apollo 1
748:and the
728:meaning
712:meaning
518:Baikonur
389:Operator
197:Baikonur
68:Operator
3496:italics
3285:Unnamed
3167:OV1-86
3083:SECOR-9
3077:Unnamed
2958:ESRO-2A
2892:Ariel 3
2839:Soyuz 1
2817:Unnamed
2801:RPM-481
2607:IDCSP 9
2528:Italics
2298:TMA-20M
2293:TMA-19M
2288:TMA-18M
2283:TMA-17M
2278:TMA-16M
2273:TMA-15M
2268:TMA-14M
2263:TMA-13M
2258:TMA-12M
2253:TMA-11M
2248:TMA-10M
2243:TMA-09M
2238:TMA-08M
2233:TMA-07M
2228:TMA-06M
2223:TMA-05M
2218:TMA-04M
2213:TMA-03M
2208:TMA-02M
1771:Soyuz-T
1269:Soyuz 2
1238:Soyuz 1
804:in the
746:Soyuz 1
740:Mission
722:Russian
706:Russian
477:6000 kg
410:SATCAT
335:Soyuz 1
156:6000 kg
89:SATCAT
3460:ERS-30
3430:WRESAT
3403:ESSA-6
3162:OV1-12
3156:OV1-11
3088:Aurora
2882:ERS-27
2877:ERS-20
2872:ERS-18
2833:ESSA-5
2657:ESSA-4
2585:1968 →
2570:← 1966
2518:Kosmos
2438:
2429:
2385:
2184:TMA-22
2179:TMA-21
2174:TMA-20
2169:TMA-19
2164:TMA-18
2159:TMA-17
2154:TMA-16
2149:TMA-15
2144:TMA-14
2139:TMA-13
2134:TMA-12
2129:TMA-11
2124:TMA-10
1893:
1793:
1719:
1651:
1636:
1575:
1483:(1971)
1401:Zond 7
1356:Zond 4
1271:
822:Salyut
716:) and
622:Period
606:247 km
596:180 km
581:Regime
509:11A511
503:Rocket
301:Period
285:212 km
275:172 km
260:Regime
188:11A511
182:Rocket
3525:is a
3440:OV3-6
3388:ATS-3
3328:OSO 4
3172:OGO-4
3118:DODGE
3113:LES-5
2796:ATS-2
2734:OSO 3
2663:OV3-5
2522:Soyuz
2504:MS-29
2500:2026
2494:MS-28
2489:MS-27
2485:2025
2470:MS-26
2465:MS-25
2445:MS-24
2436:MS-23
2427:MS-22
2422:MS-21
2417:MS-20
2412:MS-19
2407:MS-18
2402:MS-17
2397:MS-16
2392:MS-15
2383:MS-14
2378:MS-13
2373:MS-12
2368:MS-11
2362:MS-10
2357:MS-09
2352:MS-08
2347:MS-07
2342:MS-06
2337:MS-05
2332:MS-04
2327:MS-03
2322:MS-02
2119:TMA-9
2114:TMA-8
2109:TMA-7
2104:TMA-6
2099:TMA-5
2094:TMA-4
2089:TMA-3
2084:TMA-2
2060:TM-34
2055:TM-33
2050:TM-32
2045:TM-31
2040:TM-30
2035:TM-29
2030:TM-28
2025:TM-27
2020:TM-26
2015:TM-25
2010:TM-24
2005:TM-23
2000:TM-22
1995:TM-21
1990:TM-20
1985:TM-19
1980:TM-18
1975:TM-17
1970:TM-16
1965:TM-15
1960:TM-14
1955:TM-13
1950:TM-12
1945:TM-11
1940:TM-10
1841:T-10a
1383:1969A
1367:1968B
1361:1968A
1350:1967B
632:Epoch
616:51.7°
531:OKB-1
507:Soyuz
468:OKB-1
447:Soyuz
393:OKB-1
311:Epoch
295:51.7°
210:OKB-1
186:Soyuz
147:OKB-1
126:Soyuz
72:OKB-1
3527:stub
2578:1967
1935:TM-9
1930:TM-8
1925:TM-7
1920:TM-6
1915:TM-5
1910:TM-4
1905:TM-3
1900:TM-2
1872:T-15
1867:T-14
1862:T-13
1857:T-12
1852:T-11
1847:T-10
1786:1074
1470:No.2
979:2020
940:2020
911:2020
872:2020
824:and
417:3020
200:31/6
96:3014
1836:T-9
1830:T-8
1825:T-7
1820:T-6
1815:T-5
1810:T-4
1805:T-3
1800:T-2
1760:869
1754:772
1707:672
1562:18a
1521:573
1395:M 2
1338:154
1264:238
1259:213
1254:212
1249:188
826:Mir
780:of
764:of
521:1/5
459:# 5
412:no.
138:# 6
91:no.
3572::
1730:22
1717:19
1683:40
1678:39
1673:38
1668:37
1663:36
1658:35
1649:34
1643:33
1634:32
1629:31
1624:30
1619:29
1614:28
1609:27
1604:26
1598:25
1593:24
1587:23
1582:21
1573:20
1568:18
1557:17
1551:15
1496:11
1419:10
1226:†
969:.
958:^
930:.
919:^
901:.
890:^
862:.
851:^
839:.
832:.
724::
708::
46:A
3558:e
3551:t
3544:v
3533:.
2561:e
2554:t
2547:v
2364:†
1843:†
1832:†
1782:†
1762:†
1756:†
1725:)
1721:(
1645:†
1600:†
1589:†
1564:†
1553:†
1498:†
1492:†
1472:†
1466:†
1441:†
1412:9
1406:8
1397:†
1391:†
1385:†
1378:6
1373:5
1369:†
1363:†
1352:†
1346:†
1340:†
1326:)
1322:(
1308:9
1303:8
1298:7
1293:6
1288:5
1283:4
1278:3
1240:†
1220:†
1104:e
1097:t
1090:v
1046:.
1025:.
981:.
953:.
942:.
913:.
885:.
874:.
720:(
704:(
20:)
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