100:
80:
166:
20:
301:
237:
was the flag representing
Brittany on nautical charts of the 16th century. After annexation of 1532, there was never any treaty of union, the admiralty of Brittany kept using the black cross flag for Breton ships (with a modified design).
207:
in the 15th century. Belligerent armies then identified themselves with flags inherited from the
Crusades: red cross on white for the English, white cross on blue or red for the French, black cross on white for the Bretons.
218:
Some miniatures of the 15th century depict events of the previous century (at the beginning of the
Hundred Years' War) by representing Breton knights with the black cross, but it is not really known if the
378:
316:, sometimes known as Saint Piran's Flag. The connections between Cornwall and Brittany are well documented but the historical links between the two flags, if any exist, are unknown.
346:
Guide des drapeaux bretons et celtes (English: Guide of Breton and Celtic flags) by Divi
Kervella and Mikael Bodlore-Penlaez, published by Yoran Embanner (in French), (2008)
365:
336:
Les drapeaux bretons de 1188 à nos jours (English: The Breton flags, from 1188 until now) by
Philippe Rault, published by Coop Breizh (in French), (1998)
397:
284:), but it is now more and more popular. On the basis of medieval miniatures, a version of the flag was adopted as the emblem of the town of
271:
during the 20th century. The latter is used by moderate nationalists and the general public, including the regional administration.
203:
The black cross standard became widely used as the emblem of the Breton soldiers and as the flag for the ships from the end of the
351:
366:"Chapitre III, partie III, pages originales de 50 à 52 (Moins de 4 minutes de lecture) :: Bretagne-culture-histoire"
341:
280:
has been revived since the late 1990s and was briefly regarded as an emblem of right-wing Breton nationalists (like
426:
421:
401:
150:
99:
416:
112:
There is uncertainty about the chronology of its origins. It clearly evolved from the flags of the
178:
309:
124:(adopted early in the 14th century and also used as a standard called the plain ermine flag).
313:
204:
132:
88:
8:
320:
347:
337:
324:
257:
212:
192:
121:
117:
260:, but some Catholic groups and scouts used it again at the end of the 19th century.
266:
92:
154:
56:
40:
79:
410:
289:
250:
220:
140:
128:
84:
116:
and some evidence shows that the black and white colors were taken from the
52:
285:
165:
135:). Banners with crosses of distinct colors by nation were first used by
246:
211:
It was often combined with the ducal coat of arms, hence a flag with
182:
19:
402:
http://www.nationalflaggen.de/flags-of-the-world/flags/fr-bz-du.html
396:, the vexillological and heraldic Society of Brittany (in English)
300:
113:
48:
136:
242:
281:
139:
from about 1188. However, very few Breton barons joined that
51:, used as an emblem of the independent duchy in the late
199:
is adorned with shields bearing the ducal coat of arms.
131:
used the emblem of the red cross (later known as the
288:
in 1999. It was also used to create the new flag of
169:A contemporary illustration of the Breton warship
408:
256:The black cross was largely forgotten after the
223:fought under this emblem during that century.
295:
275:
264:
241:It also remained the basis for the flags of
232:
186:
144:
127:It is widely known that the warriors of the
104:
66:
60:
33:
23:
263:This flag has been largely replaced by the
143:, so it is more probable that the earliest
299:
164:
98:
78:
18:
323:flag is similar in appearance but is a
409:
160:
381:Drapeaux de Saint-Nazaire (in French)
327:, rather than an equilateral cross.
120:that formed the coat of arms of the
181:on 10 August 1512. Both are flying
13:
14:
438:
387:
372:
358:
1:
330:
245:and temporarily for those of
226:
7:
10:
443:
103:A medieval version of the
87:and French Knights at the
74:
304:Cornish flag of St. Piran
296:Similarity to other flags
151:Peter I, Duke of Brittany
173:and the English warship
308:This flag is an exact
305:
276:
265:
233:
200:
187:
145:
109:
105:
96:
67:
61:
44:
34:
28:
24:
303:
168:
102:
83:Banner attributed to
82:
22:
179:Battle of St Mathieu
91:in 1351, during the
89:Combat of the Thirty
321:United Baltic Duchy
161:Late Medieval usage
427:Flags with crosses
306:
215:in each quarter.
205:Hundred Years' War
201:
195:. The side of the
110:
97:
29:
422:Medieval Brittany
352:978-2-916579-12-2
258:French Revolution
193:flag of St George
157:in 1236 or 1237.
133:St George's Cross
122:dukes of Brittany
434:
394:Bannieloù Breizh
382:
379:emblemes.free.fr
376:
370:
369:
362:
314:flag of Cornwall
279:
270:
236:
191:and the English
190:
148:
108:
93:Breton civil war
70:
65:means cross and
64:
37:
27:
16:Flag of Brittany
442:
441:
437:
436:
435:
433:
432:
431:
417:Flags of France
407:
406:
390:
385:
377:
373:
364:
363:
359:
333:
298:
229:
163:
155:Pope Gregory IX
77:
57:Breton language
47:) is a flag of
17:
12:
11:
5:
440:
430:
429:
424:
419:
405:
404:
399:
389:
388:External links
386:
384:
383:
371:
356:
355:
354:
344:
332:
329:
297:
294:
228:
225:
177:ablaze at the
162:
159:
76:
73:
39:(Black Cross,
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
439:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
412:
403:
400:
398:
395:
392:
391:
380:
375:
367:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
343:
342:2-84346-034-4
339:
335:
334:
328:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
302:
293:
291:
290:Saint-Nazaire
287:
283:
278:
272:
269:
268:
261:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
239:
235:
224:
222:
216:
214:
209:
206:
198:
194:
189:
185:: the Breton
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
158:
156:
152:
149:was given to
147:
142:
141:Third Crusade
138:
134:
130:
129:First Crusade
125:
123:
119:
115:
107:
101:
94:
90:
86:
81:
72:
71:means black.
69:
63:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
36:
26:
21:
393:
374:
360:
325:Nordic Cross
318:
307:
273:
262:
255:
240:
230:
217:
213:ermine spots
210:
202:
196:
174:
170:
126:
118:ermine spots
111:
32:
30:
267:Gwenn ha du
53:Middle Ages
45:Croix Noire
411:Categories
331:References
247:Saint-Malo
197:Cordelière
183:banderoles
171:Cordelière
292:in 2008.
227:Later use
137:Crusaders
114:Crusaders
55:. In the
310:negative
286:Guérande
277:Kroaz du
234:Kroaz du
188:Kroaz Du
146:Kroaz Du
106:Kroaz Du
49:Brittany
35:Kroaz Du
25:Kroaz Du
312:of the
221:Bretons
75:Origins
350:
340:
243:Nantes
175:Regent
85:Breton
41:French
282:Adsav
251:Brest
62:kroaz
348:ISBN
338:ISBN
319:The
274:The
249:and
231:The
31:The
153:by
413::
253:.
68:du
59:,
43::
368:.
95:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg){kind=small}
