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Ktiv hasar niqqud

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784:
Despite the Academy's standardization of the rules for ktiv male, there is a substantial lack of unity in writing, partly because of a lack of grammatical knowledge, partly because of the historical layers of the language, and partly because of a number of linguistic categories in which the Academy's
793:
As is the norm for linguistic rules, the rules for spelling without niqqud are not entirely static. Changes occur from time to time, based on amassed experience. For example, originally the rules for spelling without niqqud dictated that
781:
published in Hebrew are written in ktiv male. Additionally, it is common for children's books or texts for those with special needs to contain niqqud, but ktiv haser without niqqud is rare.
638:
would be common; thus the proposed transcription could be representative of a literary reading of this text, not representative of everyday Israeli speech. Similarly, the consonantal
1597: 822:. The last substantial change to the rules for spelling without niqqud was made in 1993 updated in 1996. The following is the summary of the current rules: 736:, a book in which the text of the Torah appears in two side-by-side versions, one identical to the text which appears in the Torah, and one with niqqud and 717:, but when the niqqud is missing, the text is difficult to read, and the reader must make use of the context of each word to know the correct reading. 2417: 1658: 654:
is distinctly pronounced only dialectically or in festive or theatrical contexts and is otherwise not pronounced, resulting in the
2372: 1627: 773:
Ktiv haser became obsolete in Modern Hebrew, and ktiv male has already been dominant for decades in unvowelled texts: all of the
689:) is writing whose consonants match those generally used in voweled text, but without the actual niqqud. For example, the words 1619: 1594: 143:
are seldom used, except in specialized texts such as dictionaries, poetry, or texts for children or for new immigrants.
1696: 2328: 2323: 1691: 767: 749: 1651: 770:, which continued to revise them, and they were mostly accepted by the public, mainly for official writing. 2333: 152: 120: 658: 651: 647: 635: 619: 615: 576: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 448: 444: 440: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 379: 369: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 325: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 265: 261: 257: 2403: 1848: 2107: 785:
decisions are not popular. As a result, book publishers and newspaper editors make their own judgments.
134: 17: 1499:
When a reader is likely to err in the reading of a word, the use of partial vowelling is recommended:
643: 132: 118: 214:וִילוֹן שֶׁל מֶשִׁי אַרְגָּמָן, סָפֵק רִשְׁרוּשׁ, מָסָךְ מֻכְמָן, 2367: 2045: 1814: 1644: 1520:
While the rules above apply to the writing of native Hebrew words, they are not used for spelling
2439: 2410: 2389: 2352: 2240: 2040: 1822: 1789: 1705: 2262: 1774: 231:כֵּן עֻבְדָּה הִיא, שְׁעַת גְּלֹש, וּבְרוֹךְ יָדְךָ תַּקֹּשׁ, 156: 2050: 1701: 2117: 2275: 2035: 1889: 816:– "her husband"), but currently the exception has been removed, and now, the Academy prefers 1484:
These are the most basic rules. Each one has exceptions which is described in the handbook "
220:הָאֻשְׁפִּיז בְּשׁוֹט וָשֵׁבֶט, אֶת דַּלְתִּי הֵזִיז בִּמְנֹד, 2235: 2155: 1884: 655: 8: 2282: 2270: 2188: 1992: 737: 1624: 2356: 2297: 2292: 2170: 227:שַׁלְוַתִּי פַּרְשָׂה כְּנָפַיִם, הִסּוּסַי אָפְסוּ אַפַּיִם, 222:אֶת דַלְתִּי הֵזִיז הֵנִיעַ, קֶטֶב לִשְׁכַּתִּי יָשׁוֹד, 2348: 2245: 2178: 2092: 235:לִרְוָחָה דַּלְתִּי פָּרַשְׂתִּי, כִּי נוֹעַדְתִּי לִשְׂרֹד, 758:), which in reality dictates ktiv male. This system mostly involved the addition of 224:אַלְמוֹנִי הוּא הָאוֹרֵחַ, אַלְמוֹנִי הוּא וְלֹא עוֹד! 2396: 1801: 1764: 1731: 626:; sometimes however they are also pronounced in festive or theatrical contexts: in 1430:‎ is not doubled in the middle of a word where it appears before or after a 2343: 2307: 2213: 2149: 2127: 1904: 1806: 1796: 1769: 1743: 1738: 1726: 1686: 1681: 1667: 1631: 1601: 1572: 1431: 673: 598: 592: 97: 86: 75: 53: 48: 33: 1396:). The letter is not doubled at the beginning of a word or after affix letters: 766:‎ to mark the different vowels. Later on, these rules were adopted by the 2160: 1879: 1869: 1784: 1779: 627: 2433: 2012: 1748: 1376:‎ (the consonant /j/) is doubled in the middle of a word, for example: 733: 729: 218:פַּעֲמֵי לִבִּי מַקֶּבֶת, בִּמְאוֹץ וְגַם בְּשֶׁבֶת, 181:וילון של משי ארגמן, ספק רשרוש, מסך מוכמן, 2287: 2203: 2135: 1977: 1937: 1917: 1864: 826:
Every letter that appears in vowelled text also appears in unvowelled text.
127: 113: 61: 198:כן עובדה היא, שעת גלוש, וברוך ידך תקוש, 2362: 2208: 1932: 1874: 922: 883: 216:הִפְחִידֻנִּי, בִּעֲתֻנִי, חֲשָׁשוֹת אֵימָה וּסְלוֹד, 1490:" (spelling rules without niqqud) that the Academy publishes in Hebrew. 27:
Hebrew spelling without indicating vowels via diacritic marks (niqqudot)
2252: 1521: 774: 270:וילון של משי ארגמן, ספק רשרוש, מסך מ 1338:‎ is doubled when an affix letter is added except for the affix 233:מְדוֹרִי אֲזַי נַלֹּשׁ, עֵת הֵנַדְתָּ שָׁדֹד, 2227: 2198: 725: 109: 2397:
Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures
1304:). The letter is not doubled at the beginning or the end of a word: 384:אלמוני הוא האורח, אלמוני הוא ולא עוד! 187:האושפיז בשוט ושבט, את דלתי הזיז במנוד, 2302: 1894: 1710: 1248: 979: 191:אלמוני הוא האורח, אלמוני הוא ולא עוד! 1636: 229:אָדוֹן וּגְבֶרֶת, בְּכֵנוּת אָפְצִיר אֶסְגֹּד, 623: 374:את דלתי הזיז הניע, קטב לשכתי ישוד, 237:וְשּׁוּר! הַבֵּט! רַק שְׁחוֹר, לֹא עוֹד! 1284:‎ (the consonant /v/) is doubled in the middle of a word: 720:
A typical example of a Hebrew text written in ktiv haser is the
194:שלוותי פרשה כנפיים, היסוסיי אפסו אפיים, 189:את דלתי הזיז הניע, קטב לשכתי ישוד, 2193: 2102: 2097: 2082: 2077: 2027: 1982: 1967: 830: 714: 90: 360:שפיז בשוט ושבט, את דלתי הזיז במנ 2338: 2183: 2087: 2072: 2067: 2062: 1997: 1942: 1927: 1922: 1912: 1244: 1240: 1172: 1079: 778: 721: 202:לרווחה דלתי פרשתי, כי נועדתי לשרוד, 2112: 2057: 2007: 2002: 1987: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 748:
Because of the difficulty of reading unvowelled text, the
639: 631: 611: 607: 603: 587: 2017: 1972: 330:פעמי לבי מקבת, במאוץ וגם בשבת, 183:הפחידוני, ביעתוני, חששות אימה וסלוד, 85:, literally "full spelling"), are the rules for writing 630:, where a more distinct articulation than usual of the 185:פעמי לבי מקבת, במאוץ וגם בשבת, 752:
introduced the Rules for the Spelling-Without-Niqqud (
200:מדורי אזי נלוש, עת הנדת שדוד, 139:) are doubled in the middle of words. In general use, 1015:
Words whose base forms do not contain the vowel /i/:
975:‎ does not appear in the following situations: 581:ושור! הבט! רק שחור, לא עוד! 567:חה דלתי פרשתי, כי נועדתי לשר 788: 713:. In vowelled text, the niqqud indicate the correct 204:ושור! הבט! רק שחור, לא עוד! 196:אדון וגברת, בכנות אפציר אסגוד, 251:Added letters highlighted and respective phonemes 2431: 2418:Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament 453:אדון וגברת, בכנות אפציר אסג 1652: 1342:‎ (meaning "and-"). Thus from the word 326:paʕaˈmejliˈbimaˈkevet,bimˈʔotsveˈɡambeˈʃevet, 258:viˈlonʃelˈmeʃiʔarɡaˈman,saˈfekriʃˈruʃ,maˈsaχm 1545: 1539: 1533: 1509: 1500: 1485: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1441: 1435: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1383: 1377: 1361: 1352: 1343: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1291: 1285: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1226: 1220: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1145: 1139: 1133: 1127: 1112: 1103: 1089: 1083: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1028: 1022: 1016: 995: 989: 983: 942: 936: 930: 897: 891: 850: 844: 838: 817: 808: 795: 753: 708: 702: 696: 690: 684: 370:ʔetdalˈtiheˈzizheˈniaʕ,ˈketevliʃkaˈtijaˈʃod, 80: 1659: 1645: 803:("woman") should be written without a yod 606:is (not ) if at all; i.e., often neither 667: 344:ʃˈpizbeˈʃotvaˈʃevet,ʔetdalˈtiheˈzizbimˈn 60:, literally "spelling lacking niqqud"), 14: 2432: 732:). For assistance readers often use a 1640: 1595:Principles of spelling without niqqud 1215:), but there are situations when yod 597: 591: 380:ʔalmoˈnihuhaʔoˈreaħ,ʔalmoˈnihuveloʕod 320:ני, חששות אימה וסלוד, 146: 74: 47: 1620:Academy of the Hebrew Language rules 441:ʔaˈdonuɡˈveret,beχeˈnutʔafˈtsirʔesˈɡ 1666: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1510: 1501: 1486: 1460: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1436: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1384: 1378: 1362: 1353: 1344: 1318: 1312: 1306: 1292: 1286: 1265: 1259: 1253: 1227: 1221: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1128: 1113: 1104: 1090: 1084: 1059: 1053: 1047: 1029: 1023: 1017: 996: 990: 984: 943: 937: 931: 898: 892: 851: 845: 839: 818: 809: 796: 754: 709: 703: 697: 691: 685: 585: 551:aˈħadalˈtipaˈrasti,kinoˈʕadetilisˈr 81: 57: 24: 1524:, which are frequently written in 586:Note: In Modern Hebrew the letter 25: 2451: 1625:The Ivrix Project – Spell Checker 1610: 789:Rules for spelling without niqqud 431:ם, היסוסי אפסו אפי 1045:), which are inflected forms of 833:(the vowel /u/), the letter waw 807:‎ (to distinguish it from 159:(translated by Eliyahu Tsifer): 2139: 1175:(the vowel /e/) the letter yod 1171:After a letter vowelled with a 925:(the vowel /i/) the letter yod 921:After a letter vowelled with a 886:(the vowel /o/) the letter waw 882:After a letter vowelled with a 829:After a letter vowelled with a 1585: 768:Academy of the Hebrew Language 614:is pronounced. The consonants 499:ש, וברוך ידך תק 495:בדה היא, שעת גל 157:"The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe 108:‎). To avoid confusion, 13: 1: 1578: 678: 743: 533:ש, עת הנדת שד 96:, often replacing them with 7: 1566: 577:veˈʃur,haˈbet,rakʃħor,loʕod 10: 2456: 1702:Transliteration to English 1426:). Still, consonantal yod 1247:because the presence of a 1102:), and also in the words: 701:written in ktiv haser are 671: 622:are pronounced daily only 161: 49:[ktivχaˈsaʁniˈkud] 31: 2381: 2316: 2261: 2226: 2169: 2126: 2026: 1903: 1857: 1841: 1834: 1757: 1719: 1674: 1427: 1373: 1339: 1335: 1281: 1216: 1176: 1123: 972: 926: 887: 834: 804: 763: 759: 388: 249: 213: 180: 126: 112: 105: 101: 2390:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar 1508:(to distinguish it from 1493: 1239:) and in words in which 1126:‎ (/ju/ or /jo/): 304:ni,ħaʃaˈʃotʔejˈmaʔuˈslod 1179:‎ generally does 590:is commonly pronounced 575: 541: 507: 461: 439: 393: 378: 368: 334: 324: 278: 256: 668:Historical examination 529:מדורי אזי נל 427:תי פרשה כנפי 411:m,hisuˈsajʔafˈsuʔaˈpaj 1487:כללי הכתיב חסר הניקוד 1219:‎ does appear: 755:כללי הכתיב חסר הניקוד 672:Further information: 45:Hebrew pronunciation: 2411:Strong's Concordance 1697:Ancient inscriptions 2404:Brown–Driver–Briggs 728:(simply called the 479:ʃ,uveˈroχjadˈχataˈk 76:[ktivmaˈle] 2253:Law of attenuation 1758:Reading traditions 1630:2007-10-14 at the 1600:2010-11-15 at the 971:). The letter yod 602:), and the letter 517:ʃ,ʕetheˈnadetaˈʃad 153:Hebrew translation 147:Comparison example 2427: 2426: 2283:Verbal morphology 2222: 2221: 1735: 1082:letters, like in 929:‎ appears: 890:‎ appears: 837:‎ appears: 665: 664: 403:aˈtiparˈsaknaˈfaj 245: 244: 40:Ktiv hasar niqqud 16:(Redirected from 2447: 2373:Unicode and HTML 1839: 1838: 1827: 1819: 1811: 1792: 1732:northern dialect 1729: 1661: 1654: 1647: 1638: 1637: 1618: 1604: 1593: 1589: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1542: 1537: 1536: 1513: 1512: 1504: 1503: 1489: 1488: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1429: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1372:Consonantal yod 1365: 1364: 1356: 1355: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1321: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1308: 1295: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1280:Consonantal vav 1268: 1267: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1255: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1178: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1116: 1115: 1107: 1106: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1086: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1019: 999: 998: 993: 992: 987: 986: 974: 946: 945: 940: 939: 934: 933: 928: 901: 900: 895: 894: 889: 854: 853: 848: 847: 842: 841: 836: 821: 820: 812: 811: 806: 799: 798: 765: 761: 757: 756: 712: 711: 706: 705: 700: 699: 694: 693: 688: 687: 660: 653: 649: 637: 621: 617: 601: 595: 578: 570: 566: 560: 557: 556: 552: 549: 548: 544: 536: 532: 526: 523: 522: 518: 515: 514: 510: 509:medoˈriaˈzajnaˈl 502: 498: 494: 488: 485: 484: 480: 477: 476: 472: 469: 468: 464: 456: 450: 447: 446: 442: 434: 430: 426: 420: 417: 416: 412: 409: 408: 404: 401: 400: 396: 381: 371: 363: 359: 353: 350: 349: 345: 342: 341: 337: 327: 319: 315: 311: 305: 302: 301: 297: 294: 293: 289: 286: 285: 281: 273: 267: 264: 263: 259: 252: 247: 246: 238: 205: 162: 138: 130: 124: 116: 107: 103: 98:matres lectionis 84: 83: 78: 73: 59: 51: 46: 21: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2382:Reference works 2377: 2312: 2308:Vav-consecutive 2257: 2236:Biblical Hebrew 2218: 2165: 2150:Mater lectionis 2122: 2022: 1899: 1853: 1830: 1825: 1817: 1809: 1788: 1753: 1715: 1670: 1668:Hebrew language 1665: 1632:Wayback Machine 1616: 1613: 1608: 1607: 1602:Wayback Machine 1591: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1573:Hebrew alphabet 1569: 1496: 1432:mater lectionis 1334:). Initial vav 1075:), respectively 982:, for example: 791: 750:Va'ad ha-lashon 746: 681: 676: 674:Hebrew spelling 670: 628:poetry readings 568: 564: 553: 545: 534: 530: 519: 511: 500: 496: 492: 481: 473: 465: 454: 443: 432: 428: 424: 413: 405: 397: 361: 357: 346: 338: 317: 313: 309: 298: 290: 282: 271: 260: 250: 241: 236: 234: 232: 230: 228: 226: 225: 223: 221: 219: 217: 215: 208: 203: 201: 199: 197: 195: 193: 192: 190: 188: 186: 184: 182: 149: 71: 44: 36: 34:Hebrew spelling 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2453: 2443: 2442: 2440:Hebrew grammar 2425: 2424: 2422: 2421: 2414: 2407: 2400: 2393: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2357:modern Israeli 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2267: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2246:Philippi's law 2243: 2238: 2232: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2175: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2161:Plene 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539: 538: 527: 505: 504: 489: 459: 458: 451: 437: 436: 421: 391: 390: 386: 385: 382: 376: 375: 372: 366: 365: 354: 332: 331: 328: 322: 321: 306: 276: 275: 268: 254: 253: 243: 242: 211: 209: 178: 175: 174: 168: 148: 145: 58:כתיב חסר ניקוד 32:Main article: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2452: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2288:Semitic roots 2286: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2241:Modern Hebrew 2239: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2156:Abbreviations 2154: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2093:Kubutz/shuruk 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1824: 1821: 1816: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1615: 1614: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1507: 1498: 1497: 1491: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1433: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1395: 1391: 1371: 1368: 1359: 1350: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1303: 1299: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1214: 1210: 1182: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1121: 1119: 1110: 1101: 1097: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1003: 981: 977: 976: 970: 968: 962: 960: 954: 952: 924: 920: 917: 915: 909: 907: 885: 881: 878: 876: 870: 868: 862: 860: 832: 828: 825: 824: 823: 815: 802: 786: 782: 780: 776: 771: 769: 751: 741: 739: 735: 731: 730:Torah reading 727: 723: 718: 716: 675: 657: 645: 641: 633: 629: 625: 613: 609: 605: 600: 594: 589: 584: 580: 574: 562: 540: 528: 506: 490: 471:vˈdahi,ʃʕatɡl 460: 452: 438: 422: 392: 387: 383: 377: 373: 367: 355: 333: 329: 323: 307: 277: 269: 255: 248: 240: 210: 207: 177: 176: 173: 169: 167: 164: 163: 160: 158: 154: 144: 142: 136: 129: 122: 115: 111: 99: 95: 92: 88: 77: 69: 68: 63: 55: 50: 42: 41: 35: 30: 19: 2416: 2409: 2402: 2395: 2388: 2204:Inverted nun 2189:Cantillation 2148: 2143: 2118:Sin/Shin dot 1890:Paleo-Hebrew 1706:from English 1587: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1529: 1528:rather than 1525: 1514: 1505: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1393: 1389: 1366: 1357: 1348: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1301: 1297: 1274: 1270: 1236: 1232: 1212: 1208: 1180: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1117: 1108: 1099: 1095: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1009: 1005: 1001: 966: 964: 958: 956: 950: 948: 913: 911: 905: 903: 874: 872: 866: 864: 858: 856: 813: 800: 792: 783: 772: 762:‎ and 747: 738:cantillation 719: 683:Ktiv haser ( 682: 212: 179: 171: 165: 150: 140: 104:‎ and 93: 91:vowel points 66: 65: 62:colloquially 39: 38: 37: 29: 2209:Shekel sign 2171:Punctuation 2136:with Niqqud 2046:Palestinian 1835:Orthography 1815:Palestinian 1617:(in Hebrew) 1592:(in Hebrew) 1522:given names 1039:itkha/itakh 923:hirik haser 884:holam haser 648:/knaˈfajim/ 624:dialectally 599:[ħ] 593:[χ] 110:consonantal 2359:literature 2179:Diacritics 2041:Babylonian 1823:Babylonian 1579:References 1526:ktiv haser 775:newspapers 726:synagogues 724:, read in 679:Ktiv haser 652:/ʔaˈpajim/ 650:and אפיים 644:dual forms 312:ני, ב 67:ktiv maleh 18:Ktiv haser 2228:Phonology 2199:Gershayim 2051:Samaritan 1826:(extinct) 1818:(extinct) 1810:(extinct) 1802:Samaritan 1775:Romaniote 1765:Ashkenazi 1675:Overviews 1530:ktiv male 1243:replaces 978:Before a 744:Ktiv male 491:כן ע 166:Ktiv male 131:‎ ( 117:‎ ( 64:known as 2434:Category 2368:Surnames 2344:Keyboard 2317:Academic 2303:Segolate 2298:Suffixes 2293:Prefixes 2271:Biblical 2214:Numerals 2128:Spelling 2036:Tiberian 1905:Alphabet 1895:Solitreo 1885:Crowning 1849:Biblical 1807:Tiberian 1797:Yemenite 1770:Sephardi 1744:Medieval 1739:Mishnaic 1727:Biblical 1711:Gematria 1687:Alphabet 1682:Language 1628:Archived 1598:Archived 1567:See also 1424:ha-yeled 1358:ha-varod 1351:one has 1251:letter ( 1249:guttural 1183:appear: 980:shva nah 692:שֻׁלְחָן 686:כתיב חסר 239:‎ 206:‎ 94:(niqqud) 89:without 82:כתיב מלא 2353:ancient 2329:Academy 2324:Revival 2263:Grammar 2140:missing 1880:Cursive 1870:Braille 1858:Scripts 1785:Mizrahi 1780:Italian 1692:History 1556:Ya'akov 1515:menahel 1470:mesuyam 1466:proyekt 1367:u-varod 1271:te'avon 1164:netiyot 1122:Before 1096:mi-beto 1002:hirgish 698:דִּבֵּר 646:כנפיים 642:in the 389:  280:hifħiˈd 151:From a 2349:Hebrew 2276:Modern 2194:Geresh 2103:Mappiq 2098:Dagesh 2083:Kamatz 2028:Niqqud 1983:Samech 1875:Ashuri 1790:Syrian 1749:Modern 1552:Shlomo 1506:minhal 1478:be'aya 1474:re'aya 1437:פרויקט 1390:binyan 1354:הוורוד 1275:teaved 1260:תיאבון 1254:אהחע"ר 1204:אֵזוֹר 1160:briyot 1100:mi-yad 1078:After 1010:dimyon 1006:minhag 944:תעשייה 831:kubuts 734:Tikkun 715:vowels 659:/ˈa.i/ 656:hiatus 172:niqqud 141:niqqud 125:) and 87:Hebrew 54:Hebrew 2363:Names 2339:Ulpan 2334:Study 2184:Meteg 2108:Maqaf 2088:Holam 2078:Pataḥ 2073:Segol 2068:Tzere 2063:Hiriq 1998:Tsadi 1968:Lamed 1943:Zayin 1928:Dalet 1923:Gimel 1865:Rashi 1560:Kohen 1511:מנַהל 1502:מִנהל 1494:Notes 1455:הפניה 1443:מסוים 1420:yatza 1416:yeled 1394:hayta 1385:הייתה 1379:בניין 1363:וורוד 1349:varod 1328:vatik 1324:varod 1302:zavit 1298:tikva 1293:זווית 1287:תקווה 1266:תיאבד 1245:hirik 1241:tsere 1237:heseg 1209:memad 1192:מֵמַד 1173:tsere 1156:kiyum 1152:diyun 1147:נטיות 1141:בריות 1085:מביתו 1080:affix 1030:עיתים 997:דמיון 985:הרגיש 965:ta'as 938:יישוב 932:דיבור 912:yishm 899:ישמור 840:קופסה 814:ishah 779:books 722:Torah 596:(not 308:הפחיד 274:כמן, 266:χˈman 170:With 137:] 133:[ 123:] 119:[ 2144:full 2113:Rafe 2058:Shva 2013:Shin 2008:Resh 1988:Ayin 1913:Alef 1842:Eras 1720:Eras 1541:יעקב 1535:שלמה 1461:בעיה 1449:ראיה 1411:הילד 1360:but 1345:ורוד 1332:tzav 1313:ותיק 1307:ורוד 1233:teva 1228:הישג 1222:תיבה 1213:ezor 1198:אזור 1135:קיום 1129:דיון 1118:hine 1043:itim 1035:livi 1024:איתך 1018:ליבי 991:מנהג 961:shuv 893:בוקר 852:כולם 846:הופל 819:אישה 810:אישה 801:isha 777:and 707:and 704:שלחן 695:and 618:and 610:nor 463:kenʕ 296:ʕaˈt 288:ni,b 72:IPA: 2018:Tav 2003:Kuf 1993:Pei 1978:Nun 1973:Mem 1963:Kaf 1958:Yud 1953:Tet 1948:Ḥet 1938:Vav 1933:Hei 1918:Bet 1547:כהן 1405:יצא 1399:ילד 1257:): 1207:) ( 1195:), 1186:ממד 1181:not 1114:הנה 1091:מיד 1065:lev 1063:; ( 953:bur 908:ker 877:lam 869:pal 861:fsa 797:אשה 710:דבר 636:/ʔ/ 634:as 620:/ʕ/ 616:/ħ/ 571:ד, 563:לרו 543:lir 537:ד, 503:ש, 457:ד, 435:ם, 423:שלו 395:ʃal 364:ד, 336:haʔ 155:of 2436:: 2355:/ 2351:/ 2142:/ 2138:/ 1704:/ 1562:). 1558:, 1554:, 1544:, 1538:, 1532:: 1517:). 1480:). 1476:, 1472:, 1468:, 1458:, 1452:, 1446:, 1440:, 1434:: 1422:, 1418:, 1408:, 1402:, 1392:, 1382:, 1340:ו- 1330:, 1326:, 1319:צו 1316:, 1310:, 1300:, 1290:, 1277:). 1273:, 1263:, 1235:, 1225:, 1211:, 1201:(= 1189:(= 1166:). 1162:, 1158:, 1154:, 1144:, 1138:, 1132:, 1124:יו 1111:, 1109:im 1105:עם 1098:, 1088:, 1073:et 1071:, 1069:et 1067:, 1060:עת 1057:, 1054:את 1051:, 1048:לב 1041:, 1037:, 1027:, 1021:, 1012:); 1008:, 1004:, 994:, 988:, 969:ya 963:, 955:, 941:, 935:, 918:). 910:, 896:, 879:). 871:, 863:, 849:, 843:, 740:. 661:. 559:d, 525:d, 487:ʃ, 449:d, 419:m, 356:הא 352:d, 316:עת 79:; 56:: 52:; 1793:) 1787:( 1734:) 1730:( 1660:e 1653:t 1646:v 1550:( 1464:( 1428:י 1414:( 1388:( 1374:י 1369:. 1336:ו 1322:( 1296:( 1282:ו 1269:( 1231:( 1217:י 1177:י 1150:( 1094:( 1033:( 1000:( 973:י 967:i 959:i 957:y 951:i 949:d 947:( 927:י 916:r 914:o 906:o 904:b 902:( 888:ו 875:u 873:k 867:u 865:h 859:u 857:k 855:( 835:ו 805:י 764:י 760:ו 640:י 632:א 612:ע 608:א 604:ע 588:ח 569:ו 565:ו 555:o 547:v 535:ו 531:ו 521:o 513:o 501:ו 497:ו 493:ו 483:o 475:o 467:u 455:ו 445:o 433:י 429:י 425:ו 415:i 407:i 399:v 362:ו 358:ו 348:o 340:u 318:ו 314:י 310:ו 300:u 292:i 284:u 272:ו 262:u 135:j 128:י 121:v 114:ו 106:י 102:ו 100:( 70:( 43:( 20:)

Index

Ktiv haser
Hebrew spelling
[ktivχaˈsaʁniˈkud]
Hebrew
colloquially
[ktivmaˈle]
Hebrew
vowel points
matres lectionis
consonantal
ו
v
י
j
Hebrew translation
"The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe
ח
[χ]
[ħ]
ע
א
ע
dialectally
poetry readings
א
י
dual forms
hiatus
Hebrew spelling
vowels

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