SA80 - Knowledge

803:, and the L86A2 achieved 12,897 mean rounds between failures. Both weapons have higher reliability rates in cold/dry, temperate, and hot/wet conditions, but lower rates in hot/dry environments. The minimum expected life of A2 components is 10,000 rounds, meaning they might never suffer stoppages during their lifetimes. Mean rounds between failures was the measure of the average number of rounds that are fired between failures of a battlefield mission test. A battlefield mission was counted as a failure when there was more than one stoppage that the soldier could clear immediately on their own or there was a stoppage that required an armourer or a tool to clear. The Individual Weapon fired 165 battlefield missions, each comprising 150 rounds over 8 mins 40 secs. A total of 24,750 rounds were fired and suffered only 51 stoppages. Out of 165 battlefield missions, the A2 passed 156; the nine failures stoppages were easily cleared and not mission critical. The L85A2 achieved a 95% success rate, above the operational requirement of 90%, and its nearest rival of popular choice achieved only 47%. Originally slated for introduction in 2002, the first A2-style SA80 weapons were rushed into action in Afghanistan in December 2001, and all 200,000 were converted by February 2006. Three to four thousand weapons were converted per month. Despite the modifications, reports emerged that the L85A2 was still jamming; in reality, there were few jams and problems were much less serious than they were made out to be, since they stemmed from isolated cases of soldiers not cleaning their weapons correctly. The modified A2 variants are distinguished by the "HK A2" marking on the top of the weapon just forward of the buttplate and the distinctive comma-shaped cocking handle (shaped to aid the ejection of the empty round casing and prevent stoppages). 954:. The main advantage of this type of arrangement is the overall compactness of the weapon, which can be achieved without compromising the barrel length, hence the overall length of the L85 rifle is shorter than a carbine, but the barrel length is that of an assault rifle. While left-handed conversion kits were trialled, the weapon as finally issued must be used exclusively right-handed since the ejection port and cocking handle (which reciprocates during firing) are on the right side of the receiver, making aimed fire from the left shoulder difficult. This can also give rise to a tactical disadvantage when firing around the left side of cover, where the shooter must expose the majority of their body. However left shoulder firing can be achieved by tilting the right hand side of the rifle downwards, reducing the impediments of the cocking handle and the ejection port; the MOD also maintains that left-handed soldiers are capable of accurately firing the weapon from the right shoulder. 1130: 874:

a full-length rail system for optional add-ons such as a vertical foregrip, laser pointer and torch. It also includes a weight saving of 100 g and a new Flat Dark Earth coating offering improved durability and better camouflage across various environments. The Mid Life Improvement (MLI) project received an initial investment of £5.4 million to have 5,000 weapons upgraded initially, with plans for more weapons to be upgraded in the future. The MLI project should see the weapon in service with the British military beyond 2025. Only the L85 rifle was announced as being upgraded; the L86 LSW would be withdrawn from use. The A3 received further upgrades in late 2020 following feedback from soldiers. These upgrades mainly included improvements to the ergonomics of the handguard and a switch from Heckler & Koch's HKey accessory attachment system to

779:(MOD) commissioned the LANDSET Report, into the effectiveness of the L85A1 and L86A1. This report criticised the acceptance of the weapon into service. Neither weapon had managed to pass the sand trials and both frequently jammed. The mechanism of both weapons needed to be well-lubricated as the weapon became prone to seizure if fired "dry", yet in a sandy environment the lubricated weapon became unreliable due to the lubricant attracting sand into the moving parts. The LANDSET report identified in excess of 50 faults, most notably the magazine release catch, which could easily be caught on clothing and accidentally release the magazine; the plastic safety plunger which became brittle in cold climates; and firing pins that were not up to repeated use, and prone to fracture if used in automatic fire mode. 1083: 1189: 1271: 796:

the A2 variant. Changes focused primarily on improving reliability and include a redesigned cocking handle, modified bolt, extractor and a redesigned hammer assembly that produces a slight delay in the hammer's operation in continuous fire mode, improving reliability and stability. The rifle and the LSW underwent modifications, and the programme also saw the introduction of a carbine variant. The Ministry of Defence describes the A2 revision as "producing the most reliable weapons of their type in the world". Armed Forces trials indicated extremely good reliability over a range of climates for various operational scenarios, though with a decline in reliability in hot, and especially hot and dry conditions.

1403: 744:, individual performance was far from adequate. The L85A1 proved unreliable in semi-automatic mode, and slightly better in fully automatic mode, while the opposite was true of the L86A1. Specific complaints included: the poor quality plastic furniture fell apart and the gun was damaged easily; the magazine release catch was easily knocked accidentally and dropped the magazine; the catch on the top cover over the gas mechanism was too weak and constantly popped open, so it had to be taped down; only 26–28 rounds could be loaded in a magazine because the springs were weak, something that was also mentioned in training manuals, at least with regard to earlier 597: 44: 1823: 1254: 866: 521: 1788: 1411:

or handguard presented a risk of self-inflicted gunshot injuries if the firer's left hand was to slip forward. Two further prototypes appeared in 1989 and 1994. The former was slightly longer than the previous model at an overall length 556 mm (21.9 in) with a 289 mm (11.4 in) barrel and used the rear grip from the LSW as a foregrip, while the latter used a 17.4-inch barrel (442 mm) with an overall 709 mm (27.9 in) length and was fitted with the handguard from the LSW.

1721: 583: 1748: 896: 1106:; the main variant is for live ammunition, and the other is exclusively used for blank ammunition. The blank variant is identified by yellow stripes on the magazine, and is designed to prevent the unintentional loading of live rounds. This magazine has less internal length so that live rounds will not fit, while still fitting blank rounds, which are shorter. Blank rounds will fit into the live-round magazine, but the difference in length increases the chance of a stoppage. The 1734: 935: 550:

heated up and the rate of fire changed, resulting in a large ejection port. The conversion from 4.85mm to 5.56mm also caused a complication, as the rate of fire dropped but the pressure and time curve of the rounds were different. The 4.85mm round was based on the 5.56mm case in anticipation of the need to convert calibres. The barrel was changed easily, but the gas ports were much larger. Pressure problems had less of an effect on the LSW due to its longer barrel.

1643: 1693: 1809: 508:. Development of small-arms munitions have a long and continuous life and it was estimated by the trials specialists from Enfield that this weapon would ultimately be superior in the 4.85mm configuration. For the 4.85mm round, both propellant and projectile were at the beginning of their respective development curves. Weight for weight, more rounds of ammunition could be carried by an individual soldier – a considerable advantage on the battlefield. 1144: 1857: 1843: 1770: 1679: 1665: 1445: 1462: 1349: 569: 1707: 5191: 752:

reassemble, with the gas plug easily jamming in place and requiring an armorer to remove; the firing pin was too narrow and would snap; the back of the trigger surface was flat which with snow or dirt accumulating behind it would prevent the trigger from pulling back all the way and firing the gun; and ergonomic issues related to the safety catch, cocking lever, and the location and stiffness of the fire selector switch.

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RSAF Nottingham, that the quality of the production weapons began to improve. It will take some time for the poor reputation gained by the initial issue weapons to be overcome; the only consolation is that the same sort of thing has happened to other military rifles in the past, and they have managed to live down their early reputation and prove their innate reliability. It is to be hoped that the L85A1 will do as well.

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and is located above the trigger; the "safe" setting blocks the movement of the trigger. The magazine release button is placed above the magazine housing, on the left side of the receiver. When the last cartridge is fired from the magazine, the bolt and bolt carrier assembly lock to the rear. To release the bolt, the user has to press a black button on the left side of the rifle, near the fire selector.

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surplus L86 LSWs. More were built with the increased demand, bringing the total to around 2,000. The shortened barrel means that the carbine is less accurate than the rifle variant, especially at longer ranges. The official manual gives an effective range of 200 m while stating that the weapon's effectiveness beyond this is entirely dependent on the firer's skill.

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standard with 12 components different from E1 variants, including parts of the gas system, bolt, and magazine catch. Three series of variants were created for "Environmental User Trials". XL85E3 and XL86E3 variants were developed with 24 modified parts, most notably a plastic safety plunger. The E4's had 21 modified parts, no modification to the pistol grip, and an

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Both Cadet GP Rifle variants also have a drill purpose version designated as the L103, used for teaching cadets the basics of the weapon they are handling and for rifle drill; this SA80 variant has been modified so as to render it a deactivated weapon and make subsequent reactivation uneconomical. It

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in British service. It resembles the 1989 model, including the foregrip which is now a purpose-made component which can be adjusted by the end user, but is constructed to A2 standards and has a 318 mm (12.5 in) barrel and an overall length of 565 mm. Around 1,500 were manufactured from

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The SA80 family is hammer-fired and has a trigger mechanism with a fire-control selector that enables semi-automatic/repetition and fully automatic fire (the fire selector lever is located at the left side of the receiver, just aft of the magazine). A cross bolt type safety prevents accidental firing

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design that uses ignited powder gases bled through a port in the barrel to provide the weapon's automation. The rifle uses a short-stroke gas piston system located above the barrel, which is fed gas through a three-position adjustable gas regulator. The first gas setting is used for normal operation,

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It was regarded as probable at the time that the argument for the 5.56mm standard within NATO had more to do with the economics involved. Over the lifetime of a small-arms weapon type, far more money is spent on the munitions than the weapons themselves. If the 5.56mm supporters had lost the argument

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The length savings offered by the SA80's bullpup design meant that initially there were no plans for a carbine variant. By 1984, an extremely short prototype model was developed. The barrel terminated immediately in front of the pistol grip, which in combination with the lack of any sort of foregrip

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The SA80A3 was first unveiled in prototype form in September 2016 with working models on display in September 2017 at the Defence and Security Equipment International event and official adoption taking place in 2018. The changes from the SA80A2 design include a modification to the upper receiver and

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Continued testing of the L85A2 in adverse conditions demonstrates its reliability over contemporary rifles, including the M16. Although it is heavier than most conventional and more modern bullpup rifles, its full-length barrel gives higher muzzle velocities and better terminal performance than both

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As a result, a more extensive modification programme was executed. In 2000, a team from Heckler & Koch, led by Ernst Mauch, was contracted to upgrade the SA80 family of weapons. At that time Heckler & Koch were owned by BAE Systems. 200,000 SA80s were re-manufactured for £400 each, producing

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submachine gun that had relatively loose tolerances. The tighter tolerances required by the SA80 soon led to production delays and high wastage levels. There were also issues with regard to working practices and employee attitudes at the Enfield site which were exacerbated by its closure in 1988 and

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M193 cartridge. The newly redesigned 5.56mm version of the XL64E5 became known as the XL70E3. The left-handed XL68 was also re-chambered in 5.56×45mm as the XL78. The 5.56mm light support weapon variant, the XL73E3, developed from the XL65E4, was noted for the full-length receiver extension with the

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intermediate cartridge. While the experimental weapon family was very different from the EM-2 in internal design and construction methods, its bullpup configuration with an optical sight was a clear influence on the design of what was to become the SA80. The system was to be composed of two weapons:

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the first five years of this rifle's service have been disastrous. A number of manufacturing defects showed up in service conditions, and it was not until the closure of the RSAF at Enfield and the setting up of an entirely new production line, with new computer-controlled machine tools, at the new

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In British Armed Forces use, the L85 Rifle is issued with the socket-type L3A1 Bayonet, which has a hollow handle that fits onto the muzzle. The blade is offset to the side of the handle to allow the rifle to be fired while the bayonet is fitted. It is shaped to produce good penetration when thrust

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Soon after being adopted for service, problems began to surface during troop trials held between 1986 and 1987. Components were found to be insufficiently robust, the LSW's bipod lock often failed to hold the bipod legs in closed position, the plastic furniture was melted by insect repellent, metal

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After receiving feedback from users and incorporating the various design changes requested, including adapting the rifle for use with the heavier Belgian SS109 version of the 5.56×45mm round and improving reliability, the weapon system was accepted into service with the British Armed Forces in 1985

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Further development out of the initial so-called "Phase A" pre-production series led to the XL85 and XL86. While the XL85E1 and XL86E1 were ultimately adopted as the L85 and L86 respectively, a number of additional test models were produced. The XL85E2 and XL86E2 were designed to an alternate build

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polymer EMAG magazine was introduced from 2011, featuring a lower weight of 130 grams (4.6 oz) compared to the steel magazine's 249 grams (8.8 oz), a detachable dust cover, and a clear window in the magazine body that allows easy monitoring of how much ammunition remains in the magazine.

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The report concluded that "It is, however, quite clear that infantrymen did not have CONFIDENCE in their personal weapon. Most expected a stoppage in the first magazine fired. Some platoon commanders considered that casualties would have occurred due to weapon stoppages if the enemy had put up any

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and other intervention operations in Sierra Leone, it was discovered that the version of the safety plunger used for production weapons was made from cheap injection-moulded plastic that swelled when wet, potentially rendering weapons inoperative if they had been left on 'safe'. The SA80 initially

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While production at the Nottingham facility was supposed to result in better-quality weapons owing to the use of newer manufacturing methods, few of the staff working there had any experience of firearms manufacture. Only 15 to 20 components were actually produced in-house, compared to the Enfield

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that consist of a front blade and small rear aperture. Rifles used with other branches of the armed forces when not on operations are configured with fixed iron sights, consisting of a flip rear aperture housed inside the carrying handle and a forward post vertical blade foresight, installed on a

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In 1994, production was officially completed. More than 350,000 L85 rifles and L86 LSWs had been manufactured for the British Armed Forces, with the former variant comprising 95% of the total run, with over 21,700 L98A1 rifles were produced for cadet use. The production line was broken up shortly

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SA80 development was complicated from the start. One complication was at least three project staffing changes at the Royal Small Arms Factory, which resulted in repetitive testing. One problem with the design of the gun itself was that the cases would be ejected at constantly varying angles as it

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The increased barrel length, bipod and the optical performance of the SUSAT give the weapon excellent accuracy, increased muzzle velocity and greater effective range. From its inception, the L86 was a target of criticism on much the same basis as the L85. The LSW has the additional issue of its

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CWS (4×) and Maxi-Kite (6×) night vision scopes, and the introduction of the FIST Thermal Sight, following operational experience with the VIPIR-2+ thermal weapon sight in Afghanistan. All of the new FIST weapon sights have the capacity to accept Shield's Close Quarter Battlesight reflex sight.

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level. The weapon has a heavier, longer 646 millimetres (25.4 in) barrel than the rifle and features a shorter handguard with an integrated bipod protruding from the front. The stock has a shoulder strap to take the weapon's weight in the prone position and a rear vertical grip for better

1176:. On several occasions, fixed bayonets were used during the Afghanistan conflict. The bayonet cannot be fitted to the L22 Carbine or L86 Light Support Weapon. As a result, soldiers equipped with the latter sometimes swapped their weapons for vehicle crewmen's L85s when clearing trenches during 751:

The magazine was made from aluminium and would deform if grasped too tightly. During firing, this could choke the flow of rounds and result in a jam; the LSW had a small magazine capacity for its role and overheated after 120–150 rounds fired in bursts; the weapons were difficult to strip and

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in 1983, although small stocks of the L85 were also acquired for the purpose of familiarisation training as many of its personnel attend courses or attachments in Britain. The Regiment later acquired an additional 400 L85A2 rifles in 2015 to replace the Mini-14 as the standard-issue rifle.

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will only reliably fragment out to 50–100 metres, while the L85A2 and M16 allowed fragmentation out to 150–200 metres and the L86A2 has an even longer fragmentation range. Despite these modifications, the L86A2 was supplemented with a belt-fed machine gun. British troops were issued with

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The report was leaked to the press, at which point the Ministry of Defence claimed that it was fake; while it was later admitted that the report was a genuine document, the MOD continued to downplay its significance, and only seven of the 50 faults identified were addressed by subsequent

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The version that was finally accepted for service was introduced during the A2 upgrade programme - official documentation disagrees over whether to refer to the weapon as the L22A1 or L22A2. Initially issued to tank and armoured vehicle crews for emergency action out of vehicle

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site's total of 230, with the rest being outsourced to subcontractors. Since the plant kept low stocks of pre-produced components, significant delays were incurred if subcontracted components were late in arriving at the Nottingham site or did not meet required tolerances.

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control of the weapon when firing bursts. The weapon is otherwise identical to the L85 version on which it is based, and the same magazines and sighting systems are used. In addition to British Armed Forces use, the LSW was adopted by MOD-sponsored cadet organisations.

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has been handed to the local governments of the territories, despite the regiments themselves coming under command of the national (British) government and being loosely integrated with the British Army, the SA80 was not automatically supplied to these units. The

1321:(HEDP), red phosphorus, white illuminating parachute, infra-red illuminating parachute, practice, and drill ammunition, with buckshot ammunition also being intended for adoption. The addition of the UGL adds another 1.12 kg to the L85A2's weight. 1381:

While the LSW was supposed to replace the L7A2 GPMG at the section level, the weapon's shortcomings meant that many units reverted to the GPMG, or held onto it if it had not already been replaced. The role of a LSW was ultimately filled by the

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resulting redundancies. One worker was recorded as saying that "Having been shafted by BAE and our own management, we thought why the hell should we care if worked or not. All we wanted to do was see the last of the bloody things and leave."

1386:, known in service as the L110A1-A3 light machine gun, a belt fed weapon with a quick-change barrel in the same way as the GPMG. Owing to its high level of accuracy in semi-automatic mode, the primary use of the L86 shifted to that of a 1529:

can be distinguished from live weapons by the use of a white cheek piece and handguard top cover, the bolt carrier assembly being painted red, and the letters 'DP' (Drill Purpose) being present towards the rear of the weapon.

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with the left hand to ensure the bolt is properly closed and locked; without this there is increased risk of a jam. A new cleaning kit was issued with major enhancements designed for simpler and more effective use while on

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resistance in the trench and bunker clearing operations. Even discounting the familiarisation period of desert conditions, when some may have still been using the incorrect lubrication drill, stoppages continued to occur."

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weapon, with a cocking handle extension piece mounted on the right side of the weapon for this purpose. It was also distinguishable by the absence of a flash eliminator and only being fitted with standard iron sights.

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light source (as of 2006 almost all British Army personnel deployed on operations have been issued SUSATs); this is also the standard sighting arrangement for the LSW variant. Mounted on the SUSAT's one-piece, pressure

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modifications, meaning that complaints over reliability in service continued. The MOD finally began to take the SA80 family's issues seriously in 1992, but procuring entirely new weapons was considered too expensive.

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With the introduction of the Light Machine Gun (LMG), the LSW will be used for longer range (600-800m), accurate, suppressive fire. It will become the sharpshooter system of the section to out-range any potential

705:(another 5.56×45mm bullpup rifle) which served until 2019 when the Defence Force adopted the L85A2 as part of a wider effort to align its weapons, training and procedures with those of the British Armed Forces. 512:

in favour of a British 4.85mm round, the economic impact would have been very large, and political pressure undoubtedly played a part in the final decision. In 1976, the prototypes were ready to undergo trials.

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was trialled in an attempt to improve the L86's limited ability to lay down sustained fire, but reliability problems with the magazine when loaded with British-issue ammunition meant that it was not adopted.

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The idea dates back to the late 1940s, when an ambitious programme to develop a new cartridge and new class of rifle was launched in the United Kingdom based on combat experience drawn from World War II. Two

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at Enfield due to the fact they could be used with stocks folded/without stocks which allowed the bullpup conversion and were later chambered in the experimental 4.85x49mm round. A bullpup conversion of the

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owing to that weapon's weight and recoil being deemed as too much for young cadets. The GP Rifle had no such problems, and its suitability for cadet use was emphasised in official documentation. In the

922:. The weapon uses a rotating cylindrical bolt that contains seven radially mounted locking splines, an extractor and casing ejector. The bolt's rotation is controlled by a cam stud that slides inside a 1541:

calibre based on the L85A2 was developed by Heckler & Koch in 2021. This rifle's operation is simple blow-back with both its mechanism and magazine similar to that of the L41A1 ‘Kit Conversion’.

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in its own right. The issued scabbard features a saw blade for use on wood, a sharpening stone to hone the bayonet, and a bottle opener. When combined with the bayonet, it also forms a wire cutter.

353:. The prototypes were created in 1976, with production of the A1 variant starting in 1985 and ending in 1994. The A2 variant came to be as the result of a significant upgrade in the early 2000s by 2573: 3447: 2496: 3950: 3150: 610:

as the SA80. The SA80 family originally consisted of the L85A1 Rifle, the L86A1 Light Support Weapon (LSW), and L98A1 Cadet GP Rifle. The first weapons were issued in October 1985.

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gained a poor reputation amongst British soldiers as being unreliable and fragile, a fact picked up by the UK media, entertainment industry, and members of the House of Lords.

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inability to deliver sustained automatic fire as it lacks a belt feed. This is common with any light support weapon derived from a rifle, for example the heavy-barrel FN FAL.

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afterwards, with the Nottingham facility closing in 2001. Upgrade programmes and requirements for spare and replacement parts have since been fulfilled by then British-owned

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The SA80 has been used in all conflicts in which the British Armed Forces have been involved since its introduction in the early 1980s. Deployments include the following:

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bracket above the gas block. The rear sight can be adjusted for windage, and the foresight—elevation. In place of the SUSAT, a passive night vision CWS scope can be used.

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and to part a person's ribs without embedding into bone, and a ribbed section for rope cutting. The bayonet handle is shaped so as to allow the bayonet to be used as a

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the second ("Excess") is for use in difficult environmental conditions, while the third setting ("Off") prevents any gas from reaching the piston and is used to launch

2963: 2999: 2138: 1782:): 400 L85A2 rifles donated by the UK Ministry of Defence to the Royal Bermuda Regiment in August 2015; small stocks held before then for familiarisation purposes. 5479: 504:) and by other forces. This was the expressed view of trials team members whilst demonstrating the XL64E5 prototype at the British Army School of Infantry at 5323: 768:

regarded the SA80s as being "poor-quality, unreliable weapons at the best of times, prone to stoppages, and it seemed pretty tough to have to rely on them".

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infantry enhancement project. In order to mount the new sight, the weapon has been provided with an adapter to convert the existing sight rail to the

1486:. The L98A2 is identical to the L85A2 rifle save for the absence of fully automatic capability and a plain foresight blade without a tritium insert. 1061:

SpecterOS 4× Lightweight Day Sights (LDS) in an effort to replace ageing SUSAT units across the British Armed Forces, forming the first stage of the

857:; initially introduced for use by selected units in 2007, the upgrade package was subsequently rolled out on a more general basis from 2009 onwards. 500:

Technically, in the mid-1970s, the 4.85×49mm round was seen as superior to the then existing version of 5.56mm M193 round in use by the US (for the

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The sheet metal construction and the design of the bolt, bolt carrier, guide rods and the weapon's disassembly showed strong similarities to the

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included the line: "The SA80 is a lethal weapon, especially for anyone trying to fire it", similar to a description of the Vietnam War era M16.

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When initially adopted for service, the L85's grenade-launching ability was fulfilled by then-conventional rifle grenades, namely the L74A1

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Infantry Training Volume II, Pamphlet No. 5 The SA80 A2 (5.56 mm) System (Rifle, Light Support Weapon and Carbine) and Associated Equipment

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Infantry Training Volume II, Pamphlet No. 5 The SA80 A2 (5.56 mm) System (Rifle, Light Support Weapon and Carbine) and Associated Equipment

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Infantry Training Volume II, Pamphlet No. 5 The SA80 A2 (5.56 mm) System (Rifle, Light Support Weapon and Carbine) and Associated Equipment

3141: 4047: 3302: 2347: 4830: 3175: 5676: 1029:(Sight Unit Small Arms, Trilux) optical sight, with a fixed 4× magnification and an illuminated aiming pointer powered by a variable 721:

parts were quick to rust in jungle environments, and the weapon's mechanism was highly susceptible to dusty and arctic environments.

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Underslung Grenade Launcher (UGL) should be adopted; this is issued on a scale of one per fireteam, and is used with fragmentation,

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safety plunger, unlike the E3 variants. Lastly, the E5 variants had 9 modified parts in addition to those from the E3/E4 variants.

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The remainder of the SA80 family comprises the L86 Light Support Weapon, the short-barrelled L22 Carbine and the L98 Cadet rifle.

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use), the L22's compact size has led it to being used by the Royal Marines Fleet Protection Group as well as helicopter pilots,

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After NATO's decision to standardise ammunition among its members, Enfield engineers re-chambered the rifles to the American

2954: 2873: 4435: 3744: 3471: 3430: 3309: 3048: 3006: 1205: 1062: 776: 482: 2803: 1212:. On operations with ground close combat units (Infantry, Royal Marines, RAF Regiment), the rifle is often fitted with an 4975: 4450: 4243: 3510: 3010: 2914: 2145: 5050: 3067: 4695: 2309: 1656: 1593: 5620: 4860: 4150: 4030: 3711: 3672: 1899: 662: 3727: 2376: 1756:: L85, L86, and L22 variants standard issue to the British Armed Forces. L98 and L86 variants standard issue to the 4470: 1878: 1054: 1050:

and soldiers with a dismounted close combat role in operations in Afghanistan have had the SUSAT replaced with the

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These problems were not helped by the production process. The SA80 series was produced from metal stampings. While

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had previous experience in manufacturing stamped-metal firearms, this was only in relation to weapons such as the

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and a proprietary "Enfield Close Assault Weapon" developed by Royal Ordnance. It was eventually decided that the

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In 1969, the Enfield factory began work on a brand new family of weapons, chambered in a newly designed British

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previously used. It was similar to the L85A1 but lacked the gas components, instead being a manually operated,

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British soldier providing instruction on the L86 to a Polish serviceman during the 2008 Kozacki Step exercises

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L103A2 Drill Purpose version of the L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle. This particular example lacks the front sight post.

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and remains in service as of 2024. The A3 variant was first issued in 2018 with several new improvements.

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standard, in keeping with the updated handguard. The FIST project has also seen upgrades to the existing

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Cadet Training, The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle (5.56 mm), L86A2 Light Support Weapon and Associated Equipment

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Cadet Training, The L98A2 Cadet GP Rifle (5.56 mm), L86A2 Light Support Weapon and Associated Equipment

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in Iraq on 14 May 2004, it was the first time fixed bayonets had been used by British troops since the

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SA80 development from wooden mockups, XL60, XL70, XL85 & XL86 prototypes, to most recent versions

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Infantry Training Volume II, Pamphlet No. 6 The SA 80 Rifle and Light Support Weapon (LSW) (All Arms)

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The L98A1 rifle began a phased decommission in early 2009 in favour of the updated L98A2 version;

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rifle (also called the "Enfield Individual Weapon") and a light support weapon known as the XL65E4

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was previously considered but the buffer tube in stock prevented the idea from reaching fruition.

401:. The latter was brought into service briefly as "Rifle, Automatic, Calibre .280, Number 9". When 5666: 5240: 3476:

Army Code No. 71882, Infantry Tactical Doctrine Volume 1, Pamphlet No. 3 Infantry Platoon Tactics

2874:"The Story of the SA80 assault rifle - and a reflection on British military procurement disaster" 1514: 1510: 1501: 1493: 1424: 973: 638: 418: 350: 2769: 2228: 697:, which is more closely integrated with the British Army, adopted the SA80 from the outset. The 661:

were to change over by 1987, remaining regular army units by 1990, remaining RAF units by 1991,

5554: 5386: 4662: 2891: 1886: 1757: 1583: 1483: 1366: 1311: 1098:

magazines which were not particularly robust, leading to a steel replacement being produced by

914: 900: 682: 646: 441: 256: 3728:"Historic small-bore Enfield rifles, training rifles and BSA rifles; plus league competitions" 2547: 5328: 4935: 4672: 4593: 4588: 709: 4465: 3949: 3183: 3121: 1414:

The fourth attempt (2003–2004) is the only one to officially be adopted, being known as the

961:

The SA80 barrel features a flash eliminator which serves as a mounting base for attaching a

849:(RIS) handguard for the L85 rifle (with optional Grip Pod downgrip), and a new vortex style 596: 43: 5615: 5444: 5217: 5100: 4875: 4466: 4380: 1761: 1479: 1197: 962: 421: 346: 239: 64: 4792: 1086:

A close-up of an L85A2 with the polymer Magpul EMAG. Note the clear round counting window.

8: 5411: 5376: 5105: 4616: 2406: 2074:

officially entitled "Equipment Performance (SA80) During Operation Granby (The Gulf War)"

1169: 865: 761: 17: 1253: 5544: 5381: 5070: 1506: 398: 748:-produced magazines, and it had to be kept very clean and the lips checked for dents. 520: 5625: 5589: 5175: 5085: 4965: 4787: 4733: 4218: 4146: 4127: 4123: 4104: 4096: 4072: 4026: 3919: 3707: 3703: 3567: 2838: 2709: 2675: 2314: 2278: 2250: 2204: 1828: 1605: 1597: 1209: 1107: 1103: 875: 812: 670: 626: 494: 456: 354: 251: 4777: 4767: 3142:"New British Army rifle is among world's 'most lethal' weapons, military chiefs say" 529: 488:

During the development of the SA80, a bullpup conversion was made of an AR-18 and a

406: 334: 244: 5396: 5333: 5055: 4797: 4682: 4654: 4235: 2063: 1875: 1793: 1726: 1601: 1567: 1557: 1303: 1177: 1099: 1070: 1021:

infantry soldiers (and other soldiers with a dismounted close combat role) and the

903: 850: 210:

4.98 kilograms (11.0 lb) (L85A2 with SUSAT sight and loaded 30-round magazine)

4230:"SA80 (Small Arms for the 1980s): The Sorry Saga of the British Bulldog's Bullpup" 3323: 2407:"SA80 (Small Arms for the 1980s): The Sorry Saga of the British Bulldog's Bullpup" 1673:: Sold as part of British military aid; used by special military and police units. 828:

The weapon drills were changed with the upgrade to A2, including a requirement to

676:

As responsibility for the funding and supply of the home defence regiments of the

5474: 5401: 5366: 5361: 5316: 5079: 4890: 4885: 4772: 4751: 4743: 4723: 4388: 4334: 4313: 4066: 3490:"Leading system supplier of 40mm weapons, ammunition and fire control technology" 3390: 1619: 1609: 1091: 364: 277: 1216:

Laser Light Module and deployable bipod mounted within an optional front grip.

650: 5559: 5539: 5496: 5260: 5160: 4940: 4580: 4486: 4367: 4308: 4287: 4266: 2985: 1952: 1891: 1753: 1538: 1201: 1158: 1066: 911: 846: 842: 829: 634: 622: 150: 80: 5293: 5288: 5250: 4223: 3514: 2918: 2336:

The World's Assault Rifles by Gary Paul Johnston, Thomas B. Nelson, Chapter 67

1390:

following the introduction of the L110A1. It was replaced in this role by the

1094:, usually with a 30-round capacity. Initially issued magazines were aluminium 5650: 5584: 5491: 5439: 5434: 5273: 5207: 4955: 4496: 4354: 4300: 3207:"Handy Additions: Soldiers' input leads to rapid improvemenst of the SA80 A3" 1573: 1173: 1014: 919: 686: 654: 410: 342: 260: 60: 5569: 3965: 1817:(British Overseas Territory): Standard issue to the Royal Gibraltar Regiment 1276:

L85A2 with Elcan LDS and L123 UGL, including Rapid Acquisition Aiming Module

582: 5371: 5348: 5338: 5165: 5060: 4920: 4865: 4547: 4418: 4318: 4279: 3591: 3179: 2896: 1739: 1553: 1490: 1046:

More recently, weapons used by some Royal Marines, Infantry, RAF Regiment,

1022: 1018: 895: 658: 618: 414: 390: 372: 338: 267: 2608: 447: 5599: 5564: 5429: 5424: 5227: 5180: 4985: 4980: 4970: 4960: 4644: 4631: 4570: 2574:"Special Forces (Land) (Falkland Islands), Amphibious and special forces" 2384: 1648: 1518: 1035: 976: 951: 934: 630: 5245: 3916:

The Politics of Destroying Surplus Small Arms: Inconspicuous Disarmament

2348:"SA80 History: XL70 Series Final Prototypes (Individual Weapon and LSW)" 950:

layout (the action is behind the trigger group), with a forward-mounted

558: 5449: 5155: 5030: 5025: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4728: 4621: 4537: 4405: 1698: 1112: 1039: 816: 808: 765: 505: 363:

The SA80 was the last in a long line of British weapons (including the

321: 223: 4598: 1192:

L85A2 carrying upgraded Laser Light Module Mk 3 with 800 m range.

740:

When the L85A1 and L86A1 were first sent into major combat during the

5635: 5630: 5469: 5464: 5356: 5135: 5115: 5110: 5045: 4950: 4185: 2000: 1916: 1814: 1801: 1383: 1143: 990: 821: 702: 543: 501: 489: 5574: 3743: 3470: 3429: 2295:

Johnston, Gary Paul; Nelson, Thomas B., "Chapter 29 Great Britain",

5506: 5130: 4925: 4870: 4808: 4667: 3944: 3764:"H&K develops smaller-calibre SA-80 assault rifle for training" 1928: 1862: 1615: 1563: 1497: 1444: 1370: 1051: 772: 741: 637:. It was envisaged that the family would replace the L1A1 SLR, the 474: 463: 5190: 1461: 1348: 568: 5521: 5303: 5278: 5199: 5145: 5140: 5125: 5120: 4990: 4945: 4930: 4910: 4839: 4782: 4710: 4690: 4608: 4500: 2808: 2036: 1988: 1851:: Used by Ukrainian forces in joint British and Ukraine training. 1848: 1775: 1684: 1670: 1030: 983: 966: 947: 394: 300:

30-round detachable polymer Magpul EMAG, 60-round casket magazine

69: 57: 1489:

The initial L98A1 version was introduced in 1987 to replace the

1394:

Sharpshooter Rifle. The L86 was withdrawn from service in 2019.

5391: 5283: 5268: 5095: 5075: 5035: 4995: 4639: 4522: 4478: 4329: 2024: 2012: 1940: 1391: 1224:

There are four main variants that make up the SA80 family: the

1168:

went into battle with fixed bayonets on their SA80s during the

452: 437: 425: 413:, further development of these rifles was discontinued and the 4145:. Canada: Cobourg: Collector Grade Publications Incorporated. 3049:"Why won't you die? L85A3 prototype photos released to public" 469:

which was manufactured under licence from 1975 to 1983 by the

5511: 5501: 5065: 4915: 4847: 4565: 4339: 4270: 3972:. The Royal Hong Kong Regiment (The Volunteers) Association. 1964: 1712: 1631: 1213: 1026: 997:

were used to fabricate the furniture and the safety plunger.

994: 987: 979: 923: 879: 515: 478: 466: 431: 317: 309: 3838:

Arms trafficking, arms trade, and weapons ID docs- Wordpress

1500:

in the Army Cadet Force, which had not been replaced by the

1334: 5170: 5040: 4880: 4855: 4718: 3700:

The British Army in Afghanistan 2006–14: Task Force Helmand

3464: 3360:"Troops in Afghanistan get new lightweight rifle magazines" 1307: 729: 402: 383: 371:, the national arms development and production facility at 3107:"British Army's rifle set for multi-million-pound upgrade" 2377:"The 5.56 X 45mm: 1974–1985 – A Chronology of Development" 4700: 3918:. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge Books. pp. 168–169. 1005: 799:

The L85A2 achieved an average reliability rate of 25,200

4101:

Thorneycroft to SA80: British Bullpup Firearms 1901–2020

1262:

captain aiming an L85A2 with SUSAT and polymer handguard

824:

machine guns to add suppressive fire out to 300 metres.

3749:

Army Code No. 71462, The Cadet Training Manual Volume I

2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2310:"SA80 History: The First Mockups (Sterling and Stoner)" 1204:

training ammunition with a special conversion kit. The

1057:(ACOG). In 2011, the Ministry of Defence began issuing 3781: 3655: 3653: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3342: 3340: 2856: 2854: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 1431:

crews and dog handlers of all three service branches.

1406:

Royal Marines boarding team member with an L22 Carbine

1291:, is the standard rifle for the British Armed Forces. 910:

With the exception of the L98A2, the SA80 system is a

375:, before its weapons factory was closed down in 1988. 5010: 3831:""Operation Cortes Bank 11" (Lvl 1) Cache Storyboard" 3435:

Army Code No. 70166 (Revised 1990) , The Drill Manual

2370: 2368: 899:

A Royal Marine aims an L85A2 equipped with an L123A2

559:

Accepted into service: 5.56×45mm, L85A1, L86A1, L98A1

524:

Pictured left to right are the L85-A2, XL 60 and EM-2

4265: 3623:"Taking Back The Infantry Half-km: Britain's L129A1" 3109:(Press release). Ministry of Defence. 11 April 2018. 2460: 2458: 2424: 1200:, and cleaning kit. The rifle can be adapted to use 965:; it also allows for the use of rifle grenades or a 341:. The L85 Rifle variant has been the standard issue 3673:"SA80 History: L22A2 and Experimental L85 Carbines" 3650: 3633: 3543: 3452: 3408: 3370: 3337: 3283: 3271: 3139:Nicholls, Dominic; Dias, Duarte (2 November 2018). 3028: 2933: 2851: 2749: 2648: 2623: 2542: 2540: 2470: 2041: 2029: 2017: 2005: 1993: 1981: 1969: 1957: 1945: 1933: 1921: 533:bipod under the muzzle now indicative of the type. 3140: 3068:"DSEI17 – H&K Unveil Upgrades to British SA80" 2953: 2518:"Photos Of Bermuda Regiment Weapons Demonstration" 2365: 2106: 333:(Small Arms for the 1980s) is a British family of 4199: 3267:. Ministry of Defence. 2011. Army Code No. 71807. 2455: 2180: 1369:originally intended to provide fire support at a 613:The SA80 family was designed and produced by the 5648: 4048:"Why death of King Rat is dark and dirty riddle" 3801:"Bullpup Rifles of the Afghan Commandos and NDS" 2537: 1302:was adopted in their place. Various underbarrel 665:units by 1991–1993, and the Royal Navy by 1993. 2986:"Supply of Handguards and Downgrips for SA80A2" 2277:, ArmaLite Inc., 4 January 2010, archived from 1532: 942:operating the cocking handle of an L85A1, 2000. 536: 4103:. Nashville, Tennessee: Headstamp Publishing. 3566:. London: Arms and Armour Press. p. 293. 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2674:. London: Arms and Armour Press. p. 158. 2374: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 1434: 926:camming guide machined into the bolt carrier. 5621:Springfield Special Purpose Individual Weapon 5212: 4824: 4451: 4251: 3170: 3168: 3094:(Source: British Army; issued April 10, 2018) 1796:(British Overseas Territory): Adopted by the 1208:can be used on the L85 when in training with 837:A further upgrade including the provision of 4178:"SA80: Mistake Or Maligned – And What Next?" 3940:"Falkland Islands Defence Force on Facebook" 3138: 2706:The Last Enfield – SA80: The Reluctant Rifle 2489: 1513:which had been adopted and had replaced the 673:, which later reopened the Nottingham site. 653:as used at section level. Regular infantry, 3958: 3246: 3225: 2885: 2883: 2692: 2222: 2220: 2118: 1453:firing the now-retired L98A1 Cadet GP Rifle 993:steel inserts. Synthetic materials such as 48:L85A2 with ELCAN LDS and 2009 upgrade suite 4831: 4817: 4458: 4444: 4258: 4244: 4143:The Last Enfield SA80: The Reluctant Rifle 3914:Alpers, Philip (2010). Karp, Aaron (ed.). 3739: 3737: 3588:"The Infantry - Small Arms in the Section" 3425: 3423: 3165: 3122:"L85A3: The rifle that refuses to give up" 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2665: 2663: 2294: 516:1970s – 1980s: 5.56×45mm, XL70, XL73, XL78 432:1960s – 1970s: 4.85×49mm, XL64, XL65, XL68 5682:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1985 4023:The Report of the Patrick Finucane Review 3561: 3448:Equipment. Small arms and support weapons 2909: 2907: 2761: 2708:. Cobourg: Collector Grade Publications. 2669: 2548:"Rifles worth $ 1.4m donated to Regiment" 2244: 424:, a licence-built version of the Belgian 4469:individual weapons and cartridges, with 4203:British Enfield SA80 Part 3: XL70 series 4175: 4095: 4020: 3529: 2889: 2880: 2449: 2345: 2217: 1630: 1401: 1187: 1081: 1004: 933: 894: 864: 519: 384:Post-war intermediate weapon development 282:930–940 m/s (3,100–3,100 ft/s) 4734:Lightweight Multirole Missile (Martlet) 4171:. Ministry of Defence. 2014. AC71807-C. 4045: 3842:International Security Assistance Force 3734: 3697: 3564:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 3539:. Ministry of Defence. 2014. AC71807-C. 3420: 3119: 2951: 2722: 2672:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 2660: 2247:Military Small Arms of the 20th Century 2198: 1894:, Sierra Leone: Weapons taken from the 1865:: Sold as part of British military aid. 1742:: Sold as part of British military aid. 1715:: Sold as part of British military aid. 1701:: Sold as part of British military aid. 1324: 860: 790: 14: 5672:Cold War weapons of the United Kingdom 5649: 4594:L91A1 (MP5 A2/A3), L92A1 (MP5 SD2/SD3) 4021:de Silva, Desmond (12 December 2012). 3932: 3913: 3503: 3204: 3078: 2955:"Rifles up-dated in time for invasion" 2904: 890: 602:Field-stripped L85A2 (post-2009 model) 229:518 millimetres (20.4 in) (L85A2) 218:785 millimetres (30.9 in) (L85A2) 27:Current British assault rifle, bullpup 4812: 4439: 4239: 4163:. Ministry of Defence. 2011. AC71807. 4117: 4064: 3997:"Ukrainian Troops with British SA80s" 3787: 3761: 3659: 3644: 3620: 3549: 3482: 3458: 3414: 3388: 3376: 3346: 3289: 3277: 3242:. Ministry of Defence. 2004. AC71807. 3046: 3034: 2939: 2860: 2755: 2745:. Ministry of Defence. 1988. AC71374. 2654: 2642: 2483: 2464: 2186: 2139:"British Army Vehicles and Equipment" 2112: 5662:Assault rifles of the United Kingdom 5176:W+F C42 (Stgw 90 "kurz Version C 2") 4838: 3994: 3745:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) 3472:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) 3431:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) 3391:"Remembering the Battle of Al Amara" 3310:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) 3153:from the original on 12 January 2022 3065: 3007:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) 2966:from the original on 12 January 2022 2830: 2767: 2578:Jane's Amphibious and Special Forces 2226: 1478:is used for weapons training by the 1476:L98 Cadet General Purpose (GP) Rifle 1306:models were trialled, including the 1206:Small Arms Weapons Effects Simulator 1135:A bayonet attached to an L85A2 rifle 1038:aluminium body are a set of back-up 633:), the site was previously known as 298:30-round detachable STANAG magazine, 4176:Williams, Anthony G. (April 2013), 4140: 3099: 3066:Moss, Matthew (20 September 2017). 2952:Harding, Thomas (16 October 2001). 2837:. London: Arrow Books. p. 55. 2703: 2602: 2203:. Osprey Publishing. p. 6-15. 2092:485 rounds fired for every stoppage 1196:The SA80 is supplied with a sling, 972:The weapon's receiver is made from 481:, and which had been tested by the 24: 3120:Steward, Oliver (5 January 2018). 2596: 2580:. 25 November 2010. Archived from 2245:Hogg, Ian V.; Weeks, John (1981), 1869: 1166:Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment 25: 5693: 4861:Advanced Individual Combat Weapon 4200:Jonathan Ferguson (13 May 2017), 4193: 3976:from the original on 16 June 2021 3871:"Bolivian Police armed with SA80" 3389:Wyatt, Caroline (28 April 2009). 3366:(Press release). 19 January 2011. 1287:, referred to on occasion as the 885: 839:Advanced Combat Optical Gunsights 5677:Infantry weapons of the Cold War 5189: 4517: 2163:"SMALL ARMS AND SUPPORT WEAPONS" 1855: 1841: 1821: 1807: 1786: 1768: 1746: 1732: 1719: 1705: 1691: 1677: 1663: 1641: 1460: 1443: 1347: 1333: 1269: 1252: 1142: 1128: 1055:Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight 651:L7A2 General Purpose Machine Gun 595: 581: 567: 409:as the standard calibre for its 287:Effective firing range 42: 4058: 4039: 4014: 3995:Moss, Matthew (9 August 2022). 3988: 3907: 3885: 3863: 3844:. 18 April 2011. Archived from 3823: 3793: 3755: 3720: 3691: 3665: 3614: 3580: 3562:Hogg, Ian; Weeks, John (1991). 3555: 3441: 3382: 3352: 3316: 3295: 3198: 3132: 3113: 3059: 3040: 2992: 2978: 2945: 2866: 2824: 2809:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2796: 2779: 2768:Meek, James (10 October 2002), 2670:Hogg, Ian; Weeks, John (1991). 2566: 2552:The Royal Gazette: Bermuda News 2510: 2399: 2339: 2330: 2302: 2271:A Historical Review of Armalite 2227:Meek, James (10 October 2002), 2086: 2077: 2068: 2056: 715: 5000: 4645:L2A1 (M2HB), L111A1 (M2HB-QCB) 4217:playlist of YouTube videos by 4182:Military Guns & Ammunition 3807:. 2 April 2018. Archived from 3762:Jones, Richard (18 May 2021). 2890:Hastings, Max (31 July 2004). 2288: 2262: 2238: 2192: 2155: 1798:Falkland Islands Defence Force 1363:L86 Light Support Weapon (LSW) 1260:Royal Netherlands Marine Corps 1183: 1013:Initially, rifles used by the 855:Urgent Operational Requirement 699:Falkland Islands Defence Force 639:L2A3 (Sterling) submachine gun 397:configuration, designated the 378: 176: 118: 13: 1: 5657:5.56×45mm NATO assault rifles 4589:L80A1 (MP5K), L90A1 (MP5K A1) 4224:SA80 A2 L85 Individual Weapon 4089: 4046:Opinion (14 September 2010). 3513:. Army.mod.uk. Archived from 3303:"Desider magazine – Issue 36" 3205:Muncey, Steve (August 2020). 3009:. Winter 2007. Archived from 2917:. Army.mod.uk. Archived from 2791:Between Iraq and a Hard Place 2789:satirical comedy documentary 2346:McCollum, Ian (13 May 2017). 2062:the British activities named 1655:NDS and Commandos during the 1635:A map with SA80 users in blue 1009:A view through a SUSAT sight. 553: 194: 5595:Standard Manufacturing DP-12 5005: 3086:"SA80 Rifle Gets An Upgrade" 2804:"The Defence Estimates 1990" 2605:"The 5.56 X 45mm: 1990–1994" 2381:Daniel Watters, The Gun Zone 2099: 1911:Other bullpup assault rifles 1544: 1533:L402A1 0.22 Small Bore Rifle 1435:Cadet General Purpose Rifle 1090:SA80 weapons are fed from a 1077: 678:British Overseas Territories 537:1980s, 5.56×45mm, XL85, XL86 337:service weapons used by the 7: 3047:Miles (12 September 2016). 2534:Photographs 27 and 28 of 52 2249:(4th ed.), DBI Books, 1905: 1319:high-explosive dual-purpose 1219: 929: 801:mean rounds between failure 708:The L85 is in use with the 483:British Ministry of Defence 393:prototypes were built in a 10: 5698: 5550:Heckler & Koch HK CAWS 4505:Designated marksman rifles 3966:"RHKR Equipment - Weapons" 2988:. European Defence Agency. 2297:The World's Assault Rifles 2083:over 31,500 MRBF for L85A2 1883:Ulster Defence Association 1780:British Overseas Territory 1397: 1289:L85 Individual Weapon (IW) 1119: 1048:Ministry of Defence Police 471:Sterling Armaments Company 435: 349:since 1987, replacing the 290:400 metres (1,300 ft) 182:Approx. 350,000 (L85, L86) 105: 5608: 5520: 5445:DSR-Precision GmbH DSR-50 5410: 5347: 5302: 5259: 5226: 5198: 5187: 4846: 4760: 4742: 4709: 4681: 4653: 4630: 4607: 4579: 4546: 4495: 4477: 4417: 4379: 4353: 4299: 4278: 3090:www.defense-aerospace.com 2787:Bremner, Bird and Fortune 1659:. Captured by the Taliban 1429:armoured fighting vehicle 1000: 946:The family is built in a 417:adopted the 7.62 mm 367:family) to come from the 304: 294: 286: 276: 266: 250: 238: 233: 222: 214: 206: 201: 188: 175: 167: 159: 138: 130: 125: 112: 99: 91: 86: 77:Place of origin 76: 53: 41: 34: 5580:Mossberg 500/590 Bullpup 5377:DSR-Precision GmbH DSR-1 3092:. Giovanni de Briganti. 2915:"SA80 individual weapon" 2049: 1833:Royal Hong Kong Regiment 1626: 1296:high-explosive anti-tank 1243: 1230:L86 Light Support Weapon 969:with the rifle variant. 695:Royal Gibraltar Regiment 615:Royal Small Arms Factory 369:Royal Small Arms Factory 146:Royal Small Arms Factory 4571:L82A1 (Barrett .50 Cal) 4071:. London: Arrow Books. 4068:Operation Certain Death 3698:Neville, Leigh (2015). 2201:The FN FAL Battle Rifle 1879:Loyalist paramilitaries 1800:in 2019 to replace the 1515:Lee–Enfield No 4 rifles 1494:Lee–Enfield No 4 rifles 1425:personal defense weapon 1164:When soldiers from the 963:blank firing attachment 901:Heckler & Koch AG36 419:L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle 351:L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle 5555:High Standard Model 10 4936:Heckler & Koch G11 4761:Modern cartridges used 4065:Lewis, Damien (2005). 3627:Defense Industry Daily 3511:"Light support weapon" 1977:Fusil Automático Doble 1887:Ulster Volunteer Force 1758:Community Cadet Forces 1636: 1584:Sierra Leone Civil War 1484:Community Cadet Forces 1407: 1367:squad automatic weapon 1193: 1087: 1010: 943: 907: 870: 771:Immediately after the 629:, Royal Ordnance; now 525: 442:intermediate cartridge 407:7.62mm rifle cartridge 268:Rate of fire 202:Specifications (L85A2) 5329:Bushmaster Arm Pistol 4617:L74A1 (Remington 870) 4556:Arctic Warfare Covert 4528:L129A2 (Sharpshooter) 4381:Semi-automatic rifles 4097:Ferguson, Jonathan S. 3621:staff (8 June 2010). 3074:. Carbon Media Group. 3055:. Carbon Media Group. 2834:The One That Got Away 2199:Cashner, Bob (2013). 2144:. MoD. Archived from 1634: 1405: 1191: 1085: 1008: 937: 898: 868: 853:was introduced as an 791:A2 upgrade programme 710:Jamaica Defence Force 523: 436:Further information: 320:LDS scopes, aperture 5616:ADS amphibious rifle 5412:Anti-materiel rifles 5294:Steyr AUG A3 Para XS 4876:ADS amphibious rifle 4467:British Armed Forces 4372:K&M Arms M17S556 4118:Grant, Neil (2016). 3851:on 27 September 2021 3677:forgottenweapons.com 3499:. 13 September 2011. 2831:Ryan, Chris (2011). 2497:"FOI2015_03633 Memo" 2411:www.historyofwar.org 2375:Wetters-Chronology. 2352:forgottenweapons.com 2151:on 19 November 2010. 1896:Royal Irish Regiment 1762:Combined Cadet Force 1480:Combined Cadet Force 1325:Light Support Weapon 1198:blank-firing adaptor 1025:are equipped with a 861:A3 upgrade programme 643:L4 Light Machine Gun 588:L85A1 field-stripped 422:semi-automatic rifle 405:standardised on the 347:British Armed Forces 278:Muzzle velocity 184:Approx. 21,700 (L98) 65:Light support weapon 5480:Panzerbüchse M.SS41 5324:Bond Arms BullPup 9 5106:Springfield Hellion 4622:L128A1 (Benelli M4) 4599:Special Forces UCIW 4533:L119A1 (C8 Carbine) 4232:at historyofwar.org 4188:on 23 November 2022 4141:Raw, Steve (2003). 4120:SA80 Assault Rifles 3598:on 27 December 2005 3517:on 10 December 2015 3497:Rheinmetall Defence 2921:on 10 December 2015 2892:"Don't Buy British" 2704:Raw, Steve (2003). 2504:Ministry of Defence 1898:patrol captured on 891:Operating mechanism 777:Ministry of Defence 762:Special Air Service 5626:S&T Daewoo K11 5086:S&T Daewoo XK8 5071:Pindad SS2 Bullpup 3895:. 31 December 2012 3213:. The British Army 3176:"Soldier Magazine" 3126:UK Defence Journal 1710: 1687:: Used since 1992. 1657:War in Afghanistan 1637: 1594:War in Afghanistan 1588:Operation Palliser 1507:Air Training Corps 1408: 1388:sharpshooter rifle 1365:is a magazine-fed 1194: 1170:Battle of Al Amara 1104:Heckler & Koch 1088: 1011: 982:, reinforced with 944: 908: 871: 757:Operation Palliser 671:Heckler & Koch 526: 485:in 1966 and 1969. 355:Heckler & Koch 126:Production history 5644: 5643: 5590:Pancor Jackhammer 4966:Interdynamics MKR 4806: 4805: 4793:9×19mm Parabellum 4752:L16A2 81mm mortar 4701:L142A1 (AT4CS HP) 4655:Grenade launchers 4487:L131A1 (Glock 17) 4433: 4432: 4292:K&M Arms .308 4219:Forgotten Weapons 4133:978-1-4728-1104-2 4124:Osprey Publishing 4110:978-1-7334246-2-2 4078:978-0-099-46642-0 4052:Belfast Telegraph 3954:on 30 April 2022. 3925:978-0-415-49461-8 3893:"SA80 in Bolivia" 3790:, pp. 26–39. 3704:Osprey Publishing 3573:978-1-854-09034-8 3186:on 11 August 2018 3016:on 1 October 2008 2844:978-0-099-55667-1 2715:978-0-889-35303-9 2681:978-1-854-09034-8 2611:on 4 January 2010 2603:Watters, Daniel. 2584:on 15 August 2011 2524:. 14 January 2013 2315:Forgotten Weapons 2256:978-0-910676-28-1 2210:978-1-78096-904-6 1829:British Hong Kong 1578:Operation Grapple 1108:Magpul Industries 815:. Rounds from an 813:M16 assault rifle 627:British Aerospace 457:light machine gun 327: 326: 16:(Redirected from 5689: 5545:Franchi mod .410 5488: 5334:Remington XP-100 5320: 5236:Pecheneg Bullpup 5193: 5056:Norinco Type 86S 4840:Bullpup firearms 4833: 4826: 4819: 4810: 4809: 4683:Rocket launchers 4460: 4453: 4446: 4437: 4436: 4393:Rudd Arms AR-180 4260: 4253: 4246: 4237: 4236: 4211: 4206:, archived from 4189: 4184:, archived from 4172: 4164: 4156: 4137: 4114: 4083: 4082: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4001:the Firearm Blog 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3948:. 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Archived from 3172: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3144: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3072:The Firearm Blog 3063: 3057: 3056: 3053:The Firearm Blog 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3015: 3004: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2957: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2911: 2902: 2901: 2887: 2878: 2877: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2849: 2848: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2800: 2794: 2785:for example the 2783: 2777: 2776: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2739: 2720: 2719: 2701: 2690: 2689: 2667: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2640: 2621: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2607:. Archived from 2600: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2544: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2506:. 28 April 2015. 2501: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2468: 2462: 2453: 2447: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2383:. Archived from 2372: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2343: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2276: 2266: 2260: 2259: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2224: 2215: 2214: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2143: 2135: 2116: 2110: 2093: 2090: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2066: 2064:Operation Granby 2060: 2045: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2021: 2019: 2009: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1985: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1961: 1959: 1949: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1925: 1923: 1881:, including the 1876:Northern Ireland 1861: 1859: 1858: 1847: 1845: 1844: 1827: 1825: 1824: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1794:Falkland Islands 1792: 1790: 1789: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1738: 1736: 1735: 1727:Papua New Guinea 1725: 1723: 1722: 1711: 1709: 1708: 1697: 1695: 1694: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1669: 1667: 1666: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1568:Operation Granby 1558:Operation Banner 1509:it replaced the 1464: 1447: 1351: 1337: 1304:grenade launcher 1300:L85A1 HE grenade 1273: 1256: 1210:blank ammunition 1178:Operation Granby 1146: 1132: 1100:ROF Radway Green 904:grenade launcher 851:flash eliminator 834: 683:Bermuda Regiment 663:Territorial Army 599: 585: 574:L85A1 with SUSAT 571: 295:Feed system 178: 46: 37: 32: 31: 21: 5697: 5696: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5686: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5604: 5516: 5482: 5475:MICOR Leader 50 5406: 5402:Walther WA 2000 5367:Desert Tech HTI 5362:Desert Tech SRS 5343: 5314: 5298: 5261:Submachine guns 5255: 5222: 5194: 5185: 5080:DI MA-1 Mk. III 4891:Desert Tech MDR 4886:Bushmaster M17S 4842: 4837: 4807: 4802: 4773:6.5mm Creedmoor 4756: 4738: 4705: 4677: 4649: 4626: 4603: 4581:Submachine guns 4575: 4542: 4503: 4499: 4491: 4473: 4464: 4434: 4429: 4413: 4389:ArmaLite AR-180 4375: 4349: 4335:Sterling SAR-87 4326:Selrahc Model 7 4314:ArmaLite AR-100 4295: 4274: 4264: 4196: 4167: 4159: 4153: 4134: 4111: 4092: 4087: 4086: 4079: 4063: 4059: 4044: 4040: 4033: 4025:. London: TSO. 4019: 4015: 4005: 4003: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3876: 3874: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3760: 3756: 3742: 3735: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3651: 3643: 3634: 3619: 3615: 3601: 3599: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3442: 3428: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3345: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3263: 3262: 3247: 3238: 3237: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3203: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3174: 3173: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3137: 3133: 3118: 3114: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3064: 3060: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2969: 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1785: 1769: 1767: 1747: 1745: 1733: 1731: 1720: 1718: 1706: 1704: 1692: 1690: 1678: 1676: 1664: 1662: 1642: 1640: 1629: 1620:Operation Telic 1547: 1535: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1448: 1437: 1400: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1343: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1327: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1257: 1246: 1238:L98 Cadet rifle 1222: 1186: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1122: 1092:STANAG magazine 1080: 1003: 932: 893: 888: 863: 827: 793: 718: 657:units, and the 607: 606: 605: 604: 603: 600: 591: 590: 589: 586: 577: 576: 575: 572: 561: 556: 539: 518: 444: 434: 386: 381: 299: 234: 183: 155: 92:In service 87:Service history 68: 63: 49: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5695: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5667:Bullpup rifles 5664: 5659: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5560:IWI Tavor TS12 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5540:ENARM Pentagun 5537: 5532: 5526: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5497:Steyr IWS 2000 5494: 5489: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5416: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5353: 5351: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5308: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5289:Steyr AUG Para 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5265: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5254: 5253: 5251:Steyr AUG HBAR 5248: 5243: 5238: 5232: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5204: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5161:VB Berapi LP06 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4941:HS Produkt VHS 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4836: 4835: 4828: 4821: 4813: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4783:12.7×99mm NATO 4780: 4778:7.62×51mm NATO 4775: 4770: 4768:5.56×45mm NATO 4764: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4748: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4696:Carl Gustaf M4 4693: 4687: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4663:L17A1/A2 (UGL) 4659: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4636: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4624: 4619: 4613: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4585: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4561:L115A3, L115A4 4558: 4552: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4509: 4507: 4497:Assault rifles 4493: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4463: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4403: 4402:Serbu Diabolus 4400: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4385: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4368:Bushmaster M17 4365: 4359: 4357: 4355:Bullpup rifles 4351: 4350: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4309:ArmaLite AR-18 4305: 4303: 4301:Assault rifles 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4290: 4288:ArmaLite AR-16 4284: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4267:Armalite AR-16 4263: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4227: 4226:at Army.mod.uk 4221: 4212: 4210:on 22 May 2023 4195: 4194:External links 4192: 4191: 4190: 4173: 4165: 4157: 4151: 4138: 4132: 4115: 4109: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4077: 4057: 4038: 4031: 4013: 3987: 3957: 3931: 3924: 3906: 3884: 3862: 3822: 3792: 3780: 3754: 3733: 3719: 3712: 3706:. p. 10. 3690: 3664: 3649: 3632: 3613: 3579: 3572: 3554: 3542: 3528: 3502: 3481: 3463: 3451: 3440: 3419: 3407: 3381: 3369: 3351: 3336: 3315: 3294: 3282: 3270: 3245: 3224: 3197: 3164: 3131: 3112: 3098: 3077: 3058: 3039: 3027: 3000:"Kit Magazine" 2991: 2977: 2944: 2932: 2903: 2879: 2865: 2850: 2843: 2823: 2812:. 17 July 1990 2795: 2778: 2760: 2748: 2721: 2714: 2691: 2680: 2659: 2647: 2622: 2595: 2565: 2536: 2509: 2488: 2469: 2454: 2423: 2398: 2364: 2338: 2329: 2301: 2287: 2261: 2255: 2237: 2216: 2209: 2191: 2179: 2154: 2117: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2085: 2076: 2067: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2034: 2022: 2010: 1998: 1986: 1974: 1962: 1953:HS Produkt VHS 1950: 1938: 1926: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1900:25 August 2000 1892:West Side Boys 1889: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1852: 1838: 1837: 1836: 1831:: Used by the 1818: 1804: 1783: 1754:United Kingdom 1743: 1729: 1716: 1702: 1688: 1674: 1660: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1613: 1591: 1581: 1571: 1561: 1546: 1543: 1534: 1531: 1498:.303 Bren guns 1466: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1449: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1399: 1396: 1353: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1275: 1268: 1267: 1266: 1258: 1251: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1221: 1218: 1202:.22 Long Rifle 1185: 1182: 1159:fighting knife 1149:Bayonet detail 1148: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1079: 1076: 1002: 999: 931: 928: 920:rifle grenades 912:selective fire 892: 889: 887: 886:Design details 884: 862: 859: 847:Picatinny rail 843:Daniel Defense 830:forward assist 792: 789: 717: 714: 645:(a modernised 635:ROF Nottingham 623:Royal Ordnance 601: 594: 593: 592: 587: 580: 579: 578: 573: 566: 565: 564: 563: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 538: 535: 530:5.56×45mm NATO 517: 514: 433: 430: 411:service rifles 385: 382: 380: 377: 335:5.56×45mm NATO 325: 324: 306: 302: 301: 296: 292: 291: 288: 284: 283: 280: 274: 273: 270: 264: 263: 254: 248: 247: 245:5.56×45mm NATO 242: 236: 235: 231: 230: 227: 220: 219: 216: 212: 211: 208: 204: 203: 199: 198: 190: 186: 185: 180: 173: 172: 169: 165: 164: 161: 160:Unit cost 157: 156: 154: 153: 151:Royal Ordnance 148: 142: 140: 136: 135: 132: 128: 127: 123: 122: 114: 110: 109: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 84: 83: 81:United Kingdom 78: 74: 73: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5694: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5652: 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