1781:
2365:, accelerate this closing process significantly because they partially decompose to form peat soils that fill the shallows. Conversely, peat soils in a marsh can naturally burn and reverse this process to recreate a shallow lake resulting in a dynamic equilibrium between marsh and lake. This is significant since wildfire has been largely suppressed in the developed world over the past century. This has artificially converted many shallow lakes into emergent marshes. Turbid lakes and lakes with many plant-eating fish tend to disappear more slowly. A "disappearing" lake (barely noticeable on a human timescale) typically has extensive plant mats at the water's edge. These become a new habitat for other plants, like
426:
2140:
63:
3175:
2309:
2492:
3231:
1248:
3189:
1999:
1754:
44:
2274:
2235:
2622:
2332:
1770:
536:, which is regarded as a landmark discussion and classification of all major lake types, their origin, morphometric characteristics, and distribution. Hutchinson presented in his publication a comprehensive analysis of the origin of lakes and proposed what is a widely accepted classification of lakes according to their origin. This classification recognizes 11 major lake types that are divided into 76 subtypes. The 11 major lake types are:
1701:
1232:
1075:
2637:
3217:
501:. Despite this uncertainty, a large number of studies agree that small ponds are much more abundant than large lakes. For example, one widely cited study estimated that Earth has 304 million lakes and ponds, and that 91% of these are 1 hectare (2.5 acres) or less in area. Despite the overwhelming abundance of ponds, almost all of Earth's lake water is found in fewer than 100 large lakes; this is because lake volume
650:
806:
736:
3203:
1900:
1938:. The amount of gas that can be dissolved in water is directly related to pressure. As deep water surfaces, the pressure drops and a vast amount of gas comes out of solution. Under these circumstances carbon dioxide is hazardous because it is heavier than air and displaces it, so it may flow down a river valley to human settlements and cause mass
761:
different types of glacial lakes and lakes influenced by other activities. The general types of glacial lakes that have been recognized are lakes in direct contact with ice, glacially carved rock basins and depressions, morainic and outwash lakes, and glacial drift basins. Glacial lakes are the most numerous lakes in the world. Most lakes in
1318:. This typical stratification sequence can vary widely, depending on the specific lake or the time of year, or a combination of both. The classification of lakes by thermal stratification presupposes lakes with sufficient depth to form a hypolimnion; accordingly, very shallow lakes are excluded from this classification system.
1968:
A paired (black and white) layer of the varved lake sediments correspond to a year. During winter, when organisms die, carbon is deposited down, resulting to a black layer. At the same year, during summer, only few organic materials are deposited, resulting to a white layer at the lake bed. These are
4284:
Stofan, Ellen R.; Elachi, C.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Lorenz, Ralph D.; Stiles, B.; Mitchell, K. L.; Ostro, S.; Soderblom, L.; Wood, C.; Zebker, Howard; Wall, S.; Janssen, M.; Kirk, R.; Lopes, R.; Paganelli, F.; Radebaugh, J.; Wye, L.; Anderson, Y.; Allison, M.; Boehmer, R.; Callahan, P.; Encrenaz, P.;
2459:
The presence of ground permafrost is important to the persistence of some lakes. Thawing permafrost may explain the shrinking or disappearance of hundreds of large Arctic lakes across western
Siberia. The idea here is that rising air and soil temperatures thaw permafrost, allowing the lakes to drain
1867:
lakes are bodies of water that have been excessively enriched with nutrients. These lakes typically have poor clarity and are subject to devastating algal blooms. Lakes typically reach this condition due to human activities, such as heavy use of fertilizers in the lake catchment area. Such lakes are
1831:
channels and aquifers, and artificial sources from outside the catchment area. Output sources are evaporation from the lake, surface and groundwater flows, and any extraction of lake water by humans. As climate conditions and human water requirements vary, these will create fluctuations in the lake
1027:
Shoreline lakes are generally lakes created by blockage of estuaries or by the uneven accretion of beach ridges by longshore and other currents. They include maritime coastal lakes, ordinarily in drowned estuaries; lakes enclosed by two tombolos or spits connecting an island to the mainland; lakes
5137:
Wennrich, Volker; Andreev, Andrei A.; Tarasov, Pavel E.; Fedorov, Grigory; Zhao, Wenwei; Gebhardt, Catalina A.; Meyer-Jacob, Carsten; Snyder, Jeffrey A.; Nowaczyk, Norbert R.; Schwamborn, Georg; Chapligin, Bernhard; Anderson, Patricia M.; Lozhkin, Anatoly V.; Minyuk, Pavel S.; Koeberl, Christian;
1276:
One important method of lake classification is on the basis of thermal stratification, which has a major influence on the animal and plant life inhabiting a lake, and the fate and distribution of dissolved and suspended material in the lake. For example, the thermal stratification, as well as the
823:
due to the distinctive curved shape. They can form in river valleys as a result of meandering. The slow-moving river forms a sinuous shape as the outer side of bends are eroded away more rapidly than the inner side. Eventually a horseshoe bend is formed and the river cuts through the narrow neck.
348:
have defined lakes as water bodies that are simply a larger version of a pond, which can have wave action on the shoreline or where wind-induced turbulence plays a major role in mixing the water column. None of these definitions completely excludes ponds and all are difficult to measure. For this
1036:
Organic lakes are lakes created by the actions of plants and animals. On the whole they are relatively rare in occurrence and quite small in size. In addition, they typically have ephemeral features relative to the other types of lakes. The basins in which organic lakes occur are associated with
1267:
of the water mass, relative seasonal permanence, degree of outflow, and so on. The names used by the lay public and in the scientific community for different types of lakes are often informally derived from the morphology of the lakes' physical characteristics or other factors. Also, different
760:
Glacial lakes are lakes created by the direct action of glaciers and continental ice sheets. A wide variety of glacial processes create enclosed basins. As a result, there are a wide variety of different types of glacial lakes and it is often difficult to define clear-cut distinctions between
1887:, layers of drastically varying temperature relative to depth. Fresh water is most dense at about 4 degrees Celsius (39.2 °F) at sea level. When the temperature of the water at the surface of a lake reaches the same temperature as deeper water, as it does during the cooler months in
945:
Most landslide lakes disappear in the first few months after formation, but a landslide dam can burst suddenly at a later stage and threaten the population downstream when the lake water drains out. In 1911, an earthquake triggered a landslide that blocked a deep valley in the
1891:
climates, the water in the lake can mix, bringing oxygen-starved water up from the depths and bringing oxygen down to decomposing sediments. Deep temperate lakes can maintain a reservoir of cold water year-round, which allows some cities to tap that reservoir for
2075:) and are responsible for the color of the water. Decaying plant matter, for instance, may account for a yellow or brown color, while algae may cause a greenish coloration. In very shallow water bodies, iron oxides make the water reddish brown. Bottom-dwelling
1363:
does not always result from a variation in density because of thermal gradients. Stratification can also result from a density variation caused by gradients in salinity. In this case, the hypolimnion and epilimnion are separated not by a thermocline but by a
1926:. Exceptional events, such as earthquakes or landslides, can cause mixing which rapidly brings the deep layers up to the surface and release a vast cloud of gas which lay trapped in solution in the colder water at the bottom of the lake. This is called a
1163:
contains an anthropogenic lake district consisting of more than 4,000 water bodies created by human activity. The diverse origins of these lakes include: reservoirs retained by dams, flooded mines, water bodies formed in subsidence basins and hollows,
1822:
Changes in the level of a lake are controlled by the difference between the input and output compared to the total volume of the lake. Significant input sources are precipitation onto the lake, runoff carried by streams and channels from the lake's
690:
and calderas, which fill up with precipitation more rapidly than they empty via either evaporation, groundwater discharge, or a combination of both. Sometimes the latter are called caldera lakes, although often no distinction is made. An example is
5182:
Desiage, Pierre-Arnaud; Lajeunesse, Patrick; St-Onge, Guillaume; Normandeau, Alexandre; Ledoux, Grégoire; Guyard, Hervé; Pienitz, Reinhard (2015). "Deglacial and postglacial evolution of the
Pingualuit Crater Lake basin, northern Québec (Canada)".
2451:
vanished in a matter of minutes. News sources reported that government officials theorized that this strange phenomenon may have been caused by a shift in the soil underneath the lake that allowed its water to drain through channels leading to the
865:
A solution lake is a lake occupying a basin formed by surface dissolution of bedrock. In areas underlain by soluble bedrock, its solution by precipitation and percolating water commonly produce cavities. These cavities frequently collapse to form
4285:
Flamini, Enrico; Francescetti, G.; Gim, Y.; Hamilton, G.; Hensley, S.; Johnson, W. T. K.; Kelleher, K.; Muhleman, D.; Paillou, Philippe; Picardi, Giovanni; Posa, F.; Roth, L.; Seu, R.; Shaffer, S.; Vetrella, S.; West, R. (January 2007).
824:
This new passage then forms the main passage for the river and the ends of the bend become silted up, thus forming a bow-shaped lake. Their crescent shape gives oxbow lakes a higher perimeter to area ratio than other lake types.
856:
basin creation. During high floods they are flushed with river water. There are four types: 1. Confluent floodplain lake, 2. Contrafluent-confluent floodplain lake, 3. Contrafluent floodplain lake, 4. Profundal floodplain lake.
5525:
Mastrogiuseppe, Marco; Poggiali, Valerio; Hayes, Alexander; Lorenz, Ralph; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Picardi, Giovanni; Seu, Roberto; Flamini, Enrico; Mitri, Giuseppe; Notarnicola, Claudia; Paillou, Philippe; Zebker, Howard (2014).
1965:, such as decaying plant or animal matter. The composition of the lake bed has a significant impact on the flora and fauna found within the lake's environs by contributing to the amounts and the types of nutrients available.
1658:
Paleolakes are of scientific and economic importance. For example, Quaternary paleolakes in semidesert basins are important for two reasons: they played an extremely significant, if transient, role in shaping the floors and
581:
Tectonic lakes are lakes formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of the Earth's crust. These movements include faulting, tilting, folding, and warping. Some of the largest lakes on Earth are
878:
lies near the grounds surface, a sinkhole will be filled water as a solution lake. If such a lake consists of a large area of standing water that occupies an extensive closed depression in limestone, it is also called a
373:
are, in quasi-technical fact, ponds. One textbook illustrates this point with the following: "In
Newfoundland, for example, almost every lake is called a pond, whereas in Wisconsin, almost every pond is called a lake."
2703:(23,600 cubic kilometres (5,700 cu mi), but much smaller than the Caspian Sea at 78,200 cubic kilometres (18,800 cu mi)), and the second longest (about 630 kilometres (390 mi) from tip to tip).
2160:: The zone that encompasses the small area above the normal water level (which is sometimes submerged when the lake's water level increases), reaching to the deepest part of the lake that still allows for submerged
1917:
lakes never reaches the temperature of maximum density, there is no process that makes the water mix. The deeper layer becomes oxygen starved and can become saturated with carbon dioxide, or other gases such as
1222:
lake in Quebec, Canada. As in the cases of El'gygytgyn and
Pingualuit, meteorite lakes can contain unique and scientifically valuable sedimentary deposits associated with long records of paleoclimatic changes.
471:, which maintain a lake's average level by allowing the drainage of excess water. Some lakes do not have a natural outflow and lose water solely by evaporation or underground seepage, or both. These are termed
1341:. In a holomictic lake, the uniformity of temperature and density allows the lake waters to completely mix. Based upon thermal stratification and frequency of turnover, holomictic lakes are divided into
1284:, also referred to as the "Father of limnology", was the first scientist to classify lakes according to their thermal stratification. His system of classification was later modified and improved upon by
2432:. This occurred in the spring of 2005, after unusually heavy rains. The lake did not last into the summer, and was quickly evaporated (see photos to right). A more commonly filled lake of this type is
5140:"Impact processes, permafrost dynamics, and climate and environmental variability in the terrestrial Arctic as inferred from the unique 3.6 Myr record of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russia â A review"
4787:
456:, has an estimated 31,752 lakes larger than 3 square kilometres (1.2 sq mi) in surface area. The total number of lakes in Canada is unknown but is estimated to be at least 2 million.
609:
that form elongate basins alternating with mountain ranges. Not only does this promote the creation of lakes by the disruption of preexisting drainage networks, it also creates within arid regions
2964:, Finland, forms the much larger Saimaa basin, which have more shorelines per unit of area than anywhere else in the world, with the total length being nearly 15,000 kilometres (9,300 mi).
1608:
that might be contained in these sediments. The paleoshorelines and sedimentary deposits of paleolakes provide evidence for prehistoric hydrological changes during the times that they existed.
962:
at the base of the valley has remained in place for more than 100 years but the terrain below the lake is in danger of a catastrophic flood if the dam were to fail during a future earthquake.
1410:
Playa lake is a typically shallow, intermittent lake that covers or occupies a playa either in wet seasons or in especially wet years but subsequently drying up in an arid or semiarid region.
1333:, with layers of water of different temperature and density that do not intermix. The deepest layer of water in a meromictic lake does not contain any dissolved oxygen so there are no living
2467:
is described as being "murdered" by the diversion for irrigation of the rivers feeding it. Between 1990 and 2020, more than half of the world's large lakes decreased in size, in part due to
1976:
of living and nonliving elements that are relatively independent of their surrounding environments. Therefore, lake organisms can often be studied in isolation from the lake's surroundings.
2671:, which is hydrologically a single lake. Its surface area is 45,300 sq. mi./117,400 km. For those who consider Lake Michigan-Huron to be separate lakes, and Caspian Sea to be a
6024:
5099:
Maloof, A. C.; Stewart, S. T.; Weiss, B. P.; Soule, S. A.; Swanson-Hysell, N. L.; Louzada, K. L.; Garrick-Bethell, I.; Poussart, P. M. (2010). "Geology of Lonar Crater, India".
934:. Such lakes are most common in mountainous regions. Although landslide lakes may be large and quite deep, they are typically short-lived. An example of a landslide lake is
3029:, the northernmost settlement in the world. There are also several small lakes north of Upper Dumbell Lake, but they are all unnamed and only appear on very detailed maps.
460:
has 168,000 lakes of 500 square metres (5,400 sq ft) in area, or larger, of which 57,000 are large (10,000 square metres (110,000 sq ft) or larger).
1480:, is an inland body of water situated in an arid or semiarid region, with no outlet to the sea, containing a high concentration of dissolved neutral salts (principally
365:, which is a dry basin most of the time but may become filled under seasonal conditions of heavy rainfall. In common usage, many lakes bear names ending with the word
5362:
123:, which are also water-filled basins on land, although there are no official definitions or scientific criteria distinguishing the two. Lakes are also distinct from
5824:
1292:
of water varies with temperature, with a maximum at +4 degrees
Celsius, thermal stratification is an important physical characteristic of a lake that controls the
1501:, is a shallow saline feature that can be found in low-lying areas of arid regions and in groundwater discharge zones. These features are typically classified as
6208:
1509:, because they are periodically flooded by rain or flood events and then dry up during drier intervals, leaving accumulations of brines and evaporitic minerals.
1300:, sedimentation, chemistry, and other aspects of individual lakes. First, the colder, denser water typically forms a layer near the bottom, which is called the
5626:
Currey, Donald R. (1990). "Quaternary palaeolakes in the evolution of semidesert basins, with special emphasis on Lake
Bonneville and the Great Basin, U.S.A".
1429:
Lakes may be informally classified and named according to the general chemistry of their water mass. Using this classification method, the lake types include:
5039:
3581:
Moss, Brian; Johnes, Penny; Phillips, Geoffrey (1996). "The monitoring of ecological quality and the classification of standing waters in temperate regions".
1667:
information concerning past environments. In addition, the organic-rich deposits of pre-Quaternary paleolakes are important either for the thick deposits of
1173:
1048:
lakes are a form of organic lake. They form where a buildup of partly decomposed plant material in a wet environment leaves the vegetated surface below the
4794:
3981:
Downing, J.A.; Prairie, Y. T.; Cole, J.J.; Duarte, C.M.; Tranvik, L.J.; Striegl, R.G.; McDowell, W.H.; Kortelainen, P.; Caraco, N.F.; Melack, J.M. (2006).
3865:
598:, and other lakes from the Pontocaspian occupy basins that have been separated from the sea by the tectonic uplift of the sea floor above the ocean level.
392:
It has essentially the same water level in all parts (except for relatively short-lived variations caused by wind, varying ice cover, large inflows, etc.);
3839:
3649:; Miller, Richard S. (1954). "The Ecological Survey of Animal Communities: With a Practical System of Classifying Habitats by Structural Characters".
1441:
of less than 6.5. A lake is considered to be highly acidic if its pH drops below 5.5, leading to biological consequences. Such lakes include: acidic
4996:
Wang, Zhen-Ting; Tian-Yuan, Chen; Liu, Si-Wen; Lai, Zhong-Ping (March 2016). "Aeolian origin of interdune lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert, China".
765:
and North
America have been either influenced or created by the latest, but not last, glaciation, to have covered the region. Glacial lakes include
4208:
5842:
2763:
The highest large (greater than 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi)) lake in the world is the 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi)
2749:
It is also the third largest by volume, the second oldest, and the second deepest (1,470 metres (4,820 ft)) in the world, after Lake Baikal.
4160:"The regional abundance and size distribution of lakes and reservoirs in the United States and implications for estimates of global lake extent"
6272:
1019:
is a unique landscape of megadunes and elongated interdunal aeolian lakes, particularly concentrated in the southeastern margin of the desert.
3158:, which is also the highest navigable body of water on Earth at 3,812 metres (12,507 ft) above sea level. (The much larger â and older â
6055:
2860:
in the world: about 5,250 kilometres (3,260 mi), excluding the coastline of its many inner islands. Even if it is considered two lakes,
1337:. Consequently, the layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed, which allows for the development of
2569:
mission appear to show lakes of liquid sulfur in volcanic caldera, though these are more analogous to lakes of lava than of water on Earth.
2660:, which is despite its name considered as a lake from the point of view of geography. Its surface area is 143,000 sq. mi./371,000 km.
453:
5899:
1386:
Lakes are informally classified and named according to the seasonal variation in their lake level and volume. Some of the names include:
3525:
6032:
2576:
has only one confirmed lake which is underground and near the south pole. Although the surface of Mars is too cold and has too little
2108:, a measure of transparency. The Secchi disk is commonly used to test for eutrophication. For a detailed look at these processes, see
1780:
406:
suspended in the water is captured by the basins (for this to happen they need to have a sufficiently small inflow-to-volume ratio);
5943:
4684:
HĂ„kanson, Lars (2012). "Lakes on Earth, Different Types". In
Bengtsson, Lars; Herschy, Reginald W.; Fairbridge, Rhodes W. (eds.).
344:, and neither term has an internationally accepted definition across scientific disciplines or political boundaries. For example,
1765:
has inspired romantic poets throughout the ages, and has been an important influence on garden designs in China, Japan and Korea.
516:. The shape of lakes on Titan is very similar to those on Earth. Lakes were formerly present on the surface of Mars, but are now
1518:
is a small shallow natural depression in which water accumulates and evaporates, leaving a salt deposit, or the shallow lake of
1642:
is a paleolake that still exists but has considerably decreased in size over geological time. An example of a shrunken lake is
1052:
for a sustained period of time. They are often low in nutrients and mildly acidic, with bottom waters low in dissolved oxygen.
6163:
5610:
5584:
5350:
4980:
4830:
4726:
4701:
4643:
4583:
4447:
3730:
3703:
3508:
1407:
Perennial lake is a lake that has water in its basin throughout the year and is not subject to extreme fluctuations in level.
1259:
In addition to the mode of origin, lakes have been named and classified according to various other important factors such as
5793:
1390:
Ephemeral lake is a short-lived lake or pond. If it fills with water and dries up (disappears) seasonally it is known as an
883:. Smaller solution lakes that consist of a body of standing water in a closed depression within a karst region are known as
5366:
4465:"Valley network-fed, open-basin lakes on Mars: Distribution and implications for Noachian surface and subsurface hydrology"
3357:. However, the Caspian's large size means that for some purposes it is better modeled as a sea. Geologically, the Caspian,
2448:
353:
range in minimum sizes for a body of water from 2 hectares (5 acres) to 8 hectares (20 acres). Pioneering animal ecologist
3851:
813:
in Alaska. Two oxbow lakes â a short one at the bottom of the picture and a longer, more curved one at the middle-right.
6265:
3284:
1683:. Although of significantly less economic importance, strata deposited along the shore of paleolakes sometimes contain
1593:
lacustrine landforms, such as relict lake plains and coastal landforms that form recognizable relict shorelines called
5064:
RzÄtaĆa, Mariusz; Jagus, Andrzej (May 2011). "New lake district in Europe: Origin and hydrochemical characteristics".
4907:
Myers, W. Bradley; Hamilton, Warren (1964). "Deformation
Accompanying the Hebgen Lake Earthquake of August 17, 1959".
2890:, with an area of 5,542 square kilometres (2,140 sq mi) and a maximum length of 123 kilometres (76 mi).
2221:: Algae present in the littoral zone, not in a state of suspension nor attached to a substratum (such as a macrophyte)
1404:
is a popular name for an ephemeral lake that contains water only intermediately at irregular and infrequent intervals.
497:
The number of lakes on Earth is undetermined because most lakes and ponds are very small and do not appear on maps or
6212:
5775:
5669:
4961:"Recent Cases and Geomorphic Evidence of Landslide-Dammed Lakes and Related Hazards in the Mountains of Central Asia"
4894:
3616:
1839:
on the basis of their richness in nutrients, which typically affect plant growth. Nutrient-poor lakes are said to be
1740:
417:
With the exception of criterion 3, the others have been accepted or elaborated upon by other hydrology publications.
5396:
Tracking environmental change using lake sediments. Volume 1: basin analysis, coring, and chronological techniques.
3369:. Politically, the distinction between a sea and a lake may affect how the Caspian is treated by international law.
3524:
Williams, Penny; Whitfield, Mericia; Biggs, Jeremy; Bray, Simon; Fox, Gill; Nicolet, Pascale; Sear, David (2004).
2536:
show liquid ethane on the surface, which is thought to be mixed with liquid methane. The largest lake on Titan is
996:. Aeolian lakes consist of lake basins dammed by wind-blown sand; interdunal lakes that lie between well-oriented
4917:
3907:
3899:
3526:"Comparative biodiversity of rivers, streams, ditches and ponds in an agricultural landscape in Southern England"
3289:
2971:, in the United States. However, it is sometimes considered part of Lake Michigan-Huron, making the record go to
1012:, United States, was originally a shallow natural lake and an example of a lake basin dammed by wind-blown sand.
4437:
3877:
2170:: Transition zone commonly aligned with stratified lakes' metalimnions â too deep for macrophytes but includes
1722:
1550:
is a large volume of molten lava, usually basaltic, contained in a volcanic vent, crater, or broad depression.
707:
of Mount Mazama around 4860 BCE. Other volcanic lakes are created when either rivers or streams are dammed by
6893:
6258:
3309: â Major subdivisions of lakes, for a description of the difference between exorheic and endorheic lakes
2019:
is the study of inland bodies of water and related ecosystems. Limnology divides lakes into three zones: the
621:
lakes). They form where there is no natural outlet, a high evaporation rate and the drainage surface of the
5681:
Schnurrenberger, Douglas (2003). "Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components".
1168:
ponds, and residual water bodies following river regulation. Same for the
Lusatian Lake District, Germany.
275:
6125:
5434:
Patrick, R.; Binetti, V. P.; Halterman, S. G. (1981). "Acid lakes from natural and anthropogenic causes".
4846:
Drago, Edmundo C. (21 November 2007). Iriondo, MartĂn H.; Paggi, Juan CĂ©sar; Parma, MarĂa Julieta (eds.).
4464:
4341:
2369:
when conditions are right, and animals, many of which are very rare. Gradually, the lake closes and young
3098:
is considered a lake, it is the largest in Eurasia, but is divided between the two geographic continents)
2732:
and nowadays is a contiguous body of water with the sea, others consider that it has turned into a small
1312:. Finally, overlying the metalimnion is a surface layer of warmer water with a lower density, called the
939:
425:
349:
reason, simple size-based definitions are increasingly used to separate ponds and lakes. Definitions for
5724:
Ancient Chinese cultural landscape, the West Lake of Hangzhou, inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List
6391:
4262:
3931:"On the Composition of Drainage Networks Containing Lakes: Statistical Distribution of Lake In-Degrees"
3438:
2774:
2320:
1534:
196:
or along the courses of mature rivers, where a river channel has widened over a basin formed by eroded
17:
6234:
5928:
Characterizing the Stability of Titan's Northern Lakes Using Image Analysis and Mass Transfer Modeling
5527:
1277:
degree and frequency of mixing, has a strong control over the distribution of oxygen within the lake.
3245:
2846:
to the west, at 418 metres (1,371 ft) below sea level. It is also one of the lakes with highest
409:
The area measured at the mean water level exceeds an arbitrarily chosen threshold (for instance, one
208:. Some parts of the world have many lakes formed by the chaotic drainage patterns left over from the
4945:
4716:
381:
book proposes to define the term "lake" as a body of water with the following five characteristics:
6888:
5664:. AAPG Studies in Geology 46 (No. 46). The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK
3873:
3847:
3646:
3394:
2508:
2123:(4,186 J·kg·K). In the daytime a lake can cool the land beside it with local winds, resulting in a
1632:
354:
6150:
2139:
62:
4910:
Geological Survey Professional Paper 435 â The Hebgen Lake, Montana Earthquake of August 17, 1959
4286:
3133:
2872:
2853:
2768:
2154:: The zone that is entirely above the lake's normal water level and never submerged by lake water
1973:
1893:
1711:
1001:
743:
5968:
5810:
5856:
Smith, L. C.; Sheng, Y.; MacDonald, G. M.; Hinzman, L. D. (2005). "Disappearing Arctic Lakes".
3279:
2926:, Canada. Before the current city boundaries came into effect in 2001, this status was held by
2524:
2444:
2120:
2056:
1260:
1078:
35:
4820:
3746:
3720:
2864:
alone would still have the longest coastline in the world at 2,980 kilometres (1,850 mi).
2747:, with a length of about 660 kilometres (410 mi) (measured along the lake's center line).
2424:. Other intermittent lakes are only the result of above-average precipitation in a closed, or
601:
Often, the tectonic action of crustal extension has created an alternating series of parallel
6294:
5976:
5736:
3693:
3556:
3306:
3274:
3071:
2976:
2386:
1718:
1646:, which once covered much of central North America. Two notable remnants of Lake Agassiz are
1616:
614:
31:
3496:
2428:, usually filling dry lake beds. This can occur in some of the driest places on earth, like
2006:
6861:
6697:
6096:
5740:
5690:
5635:
5542:
5499:
5443:
5278:
5262:
5192:
5151:
5108:
5005:
4755:
4533:
4476:
4400:
4353:
4298:
4220:
4171:
4106:
4046:
3994:
3942:
3785:
3658:
3540:
3450:
2577:
2284:
2245:
2143:
Cross sectional diagram of limnological lake zones (left) and algal community types (right)
1660:
1523:
1285:
1094:
840:
These form where sediment from the main river blocks a tributary, usually in the form of a
683:
529:
227:
193:
85:
70:
6194:
1537:
which precipitates a bottom crust that is subsequently modified during subaerial exposure.
781:
lakes in which a layer of freshwater, derived from ice and snow melt, is dammed behind an
8:
6586:
6419:
6060:
2668:
2529:
2504:
2047:, where little sunlight can reach. The depth to which light can penetrate depends on the
1836:
1360:
1338:
1215:
1016:
778:
727:. Among all lake types, volcanic crater lakes most closely approximate a circular shape.
441:
213:
209:
6100:
5694:
5639:
5546:
5503:
5447:
5282:
5196:
5155:
5112:
5009:
4759:
4480:
4404:
4357:
4302:
4224:
4175:
4110:
4050:
3998:
3946:
3789:
3662:
3544:
3454:
1327:, with a uniform temperature and density from top to bottom at a given time of year, or
216:, as they will slowly fill in with sediments or spill out of the basin containing them.
5881:
5706:
5558:
5081:
5021:
4933:
4322:
4254:
4135:
4094:
4072:
3955:
3930:
3821:
3674:
3598:
3594:
3474:
3318:
3194:
3014:
3010:
2937:
2843:
2699:
is also the greatest in the world (749 metres (2,457 ft)). It is also the world's
2564:
2052:
1931:
1514:
1484:). Examples include the Great Salt Lake in Utah, and the Dead Sea in southwestern Asia.
1185:
1141:
1009:
321:
140:
5301:
5266:
3552:
972:
is a landslide lake dating back to the last glaciation in Wales some 20000 years ago.
6781:
6737:
6687:
6596:
6561:
5926:
5924:
5873:
5836:
5771:
5665:
5647:
5606:
5580:
5562:
5511:
5459:
5346:
5306:
5085:
5077:
5025:
4976:
4960:
4890:
4826:
4742:
Veillette, Julie; Mueller, Derek R.; Antoniades, Dermot; Vincent, Warwick F. (2008).
4722:
4697:
4639:
4579:
4492:
4443:
4418:
4369:
4314:
4258:
4246:
4189:
4140:
4122:
4064:
4012:
3960:
3825:
3813:
3754:
3726:
3699:
3504:
3478:
3466:
3362:
2868:
2516:
2109:
1651:
1219:
1113:
981:
793:
Fluvial (or riverine) lakes are lakes produced by running water. These lakes include
665:
498:
295:
5885:
5710:
5164:
5139:
4158:
McDonald, Cory P.; Rover, Jennifer A.; Stets, Edward G.; Striegl, Robert G. (2012).
4076:
3602:
2308:
6816:
6712:
6581:
6513:
6170:
6104:
5865:
5698:
5643:
5550:
5507:
5451:
5296:
5286:
5204:
5200:
5159:
5116:
5073:
5013:
4968:
4921:
4853:
4763:
4689:
4484:
4408:
4361:
4326:
4306:
4236:
4228:
4179:
4130:
4114:
4054:
4002:
3950:
3803:
3793:
3666:
3590:
3548:
3458:
3263:
3208:
2491:
1962:
1847:
1804:
1590:
1450:
1334:
1129:
1125:
1121:
989:
889:
871:
205:
4693:
4035:"Does the Pareto distribution adequately describe the size-distribution of lakes?"
2728:
is considered by some to be the second-oldest lake on Earth, but since it lies at
1585:) is a lake that existed in the past when hydrological conditions were different.
1028:
cut off from larger lakes by a bar; or lakes divided by the meeting of two spits.
340:
There is considerable uncertainty about defining the difference between lakes and
6786:
6707:
6692:
6646:
6626:
6313:
5797:
5790:
5455:
4488:
4365:
2972:
2933:
2919:
2883:
2764:
2757:
2744:
2717:
2645:
2607:
for "lake") because they were thought by early astronomers to be lakes of water.
2425:
2101:
2088:
2064:
1927:
1903:
1808:
1595:
1481:
1354:
1346:
1329:
1323:
1160:
1069:
965:
947:
770:
766:
762:
687:
630:
610:
606:
312:
219:
181:
178:
5327:
4972:
4857:
4688:. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 471â472.
3230:
1663:
of many basins; and their sediments contain enormous quantities of geologic and
670:
Volcanic lakes are lakes that occupy either local depressions, e.g. craters and
6883:
6631:
6328:
5271:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3772:
Verpoorter, Charles; Kutser, Tiit; Seekell, David A.; Tranvik, Lars J. (2014).
3159:
3026:
2915:
2894:
2821:
at 3,812 m (12,507 ft). It is also the largest lake in South America.
2725:
2499:
2486:
2468:
2417:
2335:
2316:
2171:
2037:
1989:
1919:
1863:
1857:
lakes are enriched with nutrients, resulting in good plant growth and possible
1824:
1796:
1773:
1553:
1519:
1306:. Second, normally overlying the hypolimnion is a transition zone known as the
1149:
1117:
1105:
1086:
479:
286:
265:
247:
231:
163:
6082:
5702:
5017:
4847:
4184:
4159:
4059:
4034:
4007:
3983:"The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments"
3982:
3808:
3408:
2950:, Ontario, Canada, claims to be the largest lake in the world with no islands.
2552:, is almost twice the size of Lake Superior, at an estimated 150,000 km.
1623:
lakes and those that have permanently dried up, often as the result of either
1247:
841:
6877:
6717:
6551:
6250:
4496:
4422:
4373:
4250:
4193:
4126:
4068:
4016:
3964:
3817:
3758:
3470:
3269:
3248: â Air cooling using a large body of naturally cold water as a heat sink
3188:
3155:
3145:
3141:
3067:
2968:
2961:
2957:
2887:
2810:
2789:
2776:
2676:
2616:
2580:
to permit permanent surface water, geologic evidence appears to confirm that
2541:
2409:
2161:
2076:
2021:
1993:
1664:
1647:
1639:
1350:
1156:
1102:
1098:
1065:
915:
810:
724:
654:
308:
160:
156:
81:
66:
5869:
3109:
2421:
1998:
1753:
894:
Classic examples of solution lakes are abundant in the karst regions at the
6702:
6399:
5877:
5463:
5310:
4908:
4318:
4144:
3695:
Principles of Water Resources: History, Development, Management, and Policy
3366:
3257:
3236:
3222:
3180:
3033:
2947:
2876:
2708:
2641:
2581:
2520:
2495:
2475:
2429:
2315:'Lake Badwater', a lake only noted after heavy winter and spring rainfall,
2079:
fish stir the mud in search of food and can be the cause of turbid waters.
2043:
1939:
1858:
1643:
1565:
1446:
1417:
1342:
1252:
1199:
1109:
993:
919:
755:
739:
716:
700:
618:
517:
509:
491:
487:
304:
51:
43:
6229:
5925:
Wasiak, F. C.; Hames, H.; Chevrier, V. F.; Blackburn, D. G. (March 2010).
4342:"Constraints on Titan's topography through fractal analysis of shorelines"
3624:
3390:
3025:
at a latitude of 82°28'N. It is 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) southwest of
2875:, with a surface area of 2,766 square kilometres (1,068 sq mi).
2540:
which, at an estimated 400,000 km, is roughly five times the size of
1074:
887:
Limestone caves often contain pools of standing water, which are known as
357:
regarded lakes as waterbodies of 40 hectares (99 acres) or more. The term
234:, for ecological or recreational purposes, or for other human activities.
6481:
6476:
6439:
6109:
6084:
5554:
5291:
4768:
4743:
4413:
4388:
4232:
3798:
3773:
3462:
3350:
3346:
3324:
3312:
3300:
3251:
3119:
3095:
3091:
3081:
2999:
2953:
2927:
2893:
The largest lake in the world that drains naturally in two directions is
2713:
2684:
2657:
2626:
2621:
2549:
2545:
2537:
2463:
Some lakes disappear because of human development factors. The shrinking
2433:
2128:
2096:
2080:
2027:
1884:
1876:
1828:
1680:
1624:
1620:
1601:
1489:
1308:
1302:
1281:
1263:, oxygen saturation, seasonal variations in lake volume and water level,
1236:
1137:
1133:
1085:
Artificial lakes or anthropogenic lakes are large waterbodies created by
1049:
875:
817:
The most common type of fluvial lake is a crescent-shaped lake called an
794:
774:
747:
703:. The caldera was created in a massive volcanic eruption that led to the
692:
622:
595:
591:
587:
437:
345:
256:
174:
4744:"Arctic epishelf lakes as sentinel ecosystems: Past, present and future"
4310:
3774:"A global inventory of lakes based on high-resolution satellite imagery"
2519:
other than Earth is known to harbor large lakes: Saturn's largest moon,
2349:
The lake may be infilled with deposited sediment and gradually become a
2273:
2234:
1321:
Based upon their thermal stratification, lakes are classified as either
785:
that is attached to the coastline. They are mostly found in Antarctica.
104:
and account for almost all the world's surface freshwater, but some are
6682:
6601:
6429:
3678:
3137:
3123:
3108:
when filled; the largest permanent (and freshwater) lake in Oceania is
2861:
2630:
2592:
2533:
2382:
2362:
2331:
2124:
2051:
of the water, which is determined by the density and size of suspended
2002:
1841:
1785:
1725: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1631:
in California, United States. Former lakes are a common feature of the
1628:
1586:
1454:
1420:
for a shallow lake which varies considerably in level with the seasons.
1372:
1314:
1268:
cultures and regions of the world have their own popular nomenclature.
1211:
1093:
of rivers and streams, rerouting of water to inundate a previously dry
1005:
955:
951:
935:
880:
853:
819:
704:
483:
197:
128:
109:
101:
47:
6245:
5822:
5490:
Witham, Fred; Llewellin, Edward W. (2006). "Stability of lava lakes".
5234:
Loffler, H. (1957). "Die klimatischen Typen des holomiktischen Sees".
4118:
2914:
The largest lake completely within the boundaries of a single city is
226:, and are usually constructed for industrial or agricultural use, for
6836:
6727:
6677:
6636:
6546:
6503:
6366:
6345:
5998:
5723:
5120:
4241:
3358:
3354:
3162:
is perceived by some to no longer be genuinely a lake, but a lagoon.)
3105:
3057:
3046:
2991:
2941:
2900:
2729:
2556:
2453:
2342:
2324:
2312:
2048:
2016:
1985:
1950:
1888:
1869:
1853:
1769:
1758:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1547:
1462:
1445:
occupying abandoned mines and excavations; naturally acidic lakes of
1366:
1203:
1061:
997:
927:
782:
708:
679:
658:
583:
502:
472:
429:
378:
362:
223:
185:
152:
105:
6025:"NASA Statement on Possible Subsurface Lake near Martian South Pole"
5575:
Goudie, A. (2008). "Arid Climates and Indicators". Gornitz, V. ed.,
3670:
3070:, also the third-largest freshwater lake on Earth. It is one of the
1700:
237:
6796:
6760:
6750:
6641:
6323:
6285:
6083:
Matsubara, Yo; Howard, Alan D.; Drummond, Sarah A. (1 April 2011).
2879:, on Manitoulin Island, is the largest lake on an island in a lake.
2831:
2721:
2464:
2413:
2389:, trees can grow in, eventually turning the wetland into a forest.
2381:, the presence of peat is explained by the infilling of historical
2366:
2338:
2084:
2072:
1935:
1914:
1845:
and are generally clear, having a low concentration of plant life.
1816:
1800:
1762:
1401:
1381:
1264:
1231:
1207:
959:
895:
867:
675:
638:
634:
445:
403:
396:
170:
113:
89:
55:
6521:
5900:"More Than Half of World's Large Lakes Are Drying Up, Study Finds"
5181:
4925:
4389:"Comparison of Titan's north polar lakes with terrestrial analogs"
2636:
832:
These form where sediment from a tributary blocks the main river.
6722:
6662:
6616:
6606:
6541:
6451:
6335:
5524:
4741:
4538:
A Treatise on Limnology. Vol.1, Geography, Physics, and Chemistry
3315: â End of a river where it flows into a larger body of water
3216:
3018:
2923:
2908:
2904:
2818:
2692:
2679:
would be the largest lake at 82,100 km (31,700 square miles)
2378:
2350:
2116:
2010:
1923:
1907:
1880:
1789:
1561:
1289:
1090:
923:
903:
899:
649:
457:
410:
385:
It partially or totally fills one or several basins connected by
201:
189:
132:
3623:. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. 22 January 2009. Archived from
1526:, a method of extracting salt from brine using large open pans.)
805:
259:
250:
116:. Lakes vary significantly in surface area and volume of water.
6846:
6831:
6826:
6791:
6765:
6745:
6667:
6621:
6611:
6526:
6498:
6488:
6466:
6409:
6381:
6376:
6350:
6056:"Temporary Lakes Once Filled and Refilled Across Mars' Surface"
4959:
Schneider, Jean F.; Gruber, Fabian E.; Mergili, Martin (2013).
3022:
2980:
2839:
2835:
2560:
1795:
Lakes have numerous features in addition to lake type, such as
1605:
1557:
1240:
1004:
formed by wind action under previously arid paleoenvironments.
735:
720:
696:
602:
513:
468:
449:
386:
144:
124:
97:
5654:
4963:. In Margottini, Claudio; Canuti, Paolo; Sassa, Kyoji (eds.).
3771:
463:
Most lakes have at least one natural outflow in the form of a
6821:
6811:
6801:
6672:
6591:
6571:
6536:
6531:
6493:
6471:
6456:
6446:
6424:
6404:
6371:
6340:
6308:
6281:
5944:"Astronomers estimate Titan's largest sea is 1,000 feet deep"
5136:
4885:
Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl Jr., J.P., and Jackson, J.A. (2005).
2995:
2604:
2548:
of North America combined. The second largest Titanean lake,
2405:
2358:
2354:
2068:
2060:
1395:
1297:
1293:
1165:
969:
931:
712:
464:
148:
136:
93:
6195:
Largest island in a lake on an island in a lake on an island
4721:. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. pp. 96â97.
3439:"The Fractal Scaling Relationship for River Inlets to Lakes"
2756:
lake, if size is not a criterion, may be the crater lake of
2443:
Sometimes a lake will disappear quickly. On 3 June 2005, in
2100:, a 20-cm (8 in) disk with alternating white and black
1179:
1112:, or a combination of both. Artificial lakes may be used as
586:
occupying rift valleys, e.g. Central African Rift lakes and
329:('slow flowing stream'). Also related are the English words
80:
is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed
6841:
6755:
6461:
6414:
6318:
6169:. Ramsar Wetlands International. p. 77. Archived from
4849:
The Middle ParanĂĄ River: Limnology of a Subtropical Wetland
3294:
2847:
2814:
2588:
2573:
2563:
deposits on the surface. Some photographs taken during the
2437:
2370:
1958:
1954:
1413:
1145:
1045:
985:
671:
626:
341:
120:
6240:
5855:
5674:
4436:
Cabrol, Nathalie A.; Grin, Edmond A. (15 September 2010).
3523:
3436:
2115:
A lake moderates the surrounding region's temperature and
2104:. The depth at which the disk is no longer visible is the
1522:
that occupies a salt pan. (The term "salt pan" comes from
6806:
6576:
5577:
Encyclopedia of paleoclimatology and ancient environments
5518:
4576:
Paleolimnology: The History and Evolution of Lake Systems
4157:
3437:
Seekell, D.; Cael, B.; Lindmark, E.; Byström, P. (2021).
2733:
2672:
2374:
2087:) fish, thus increasing the amount of algae (see aquatic
1899:
1619:
is a paleolake that no longer exists. Such lakes include
279:
92:. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from the
5332:. Washington, DC, United States Army Corps of Engineers.
4283:
3980:
3866:"The Atlas of Canada: Physical Components of Watersheds"
3501:
Hydrological and Limnological Aspects of Lake Monitoring
3136:, which is hydrologically a single lake. However, lakes
1568:. They were detected by the CassiniâHuygens space probe.
1461:
of active and dormant volcanoes; and lakes acidified by
1037:
beaver dams, coral lakes, or dams formed by vegetation.
139:
regions of oceans or large lakes. Most lakes are fed by
5433:
5422:
Acidic Pit Lakes, Environmental Science and Engineering
5409:
Compendium of South African history and geography, 3rd.
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5098:
4889:
5th revised and enlarged ed. Berlin: Springer. Approx.
4629:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
2559:
is volcanically active, leading to the accumulation of
1812:
1438:
298:
5823:
Kim Murphy (c) 2005, Los Angeles Times (3 June 2005).
5603:
Water Quality Modeling: Rivers, Streams, and Estuaries
5132:
5130:
4958:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4207:
Cael, B. B.; Heathcote, A. J.; Seekell, D. A. (2017).
3517:
2392:
Some lakes can disappear seasonally. These are called
2063:
acting upon it. These particles can be sedimentary or
1627:
or human intervention. An example of a former lake is
637:. Another type of tectonic lake caused by faulting is
5660:
Gierlowski-Kordesch, E. and Kelts, K.R. eds. (2000).
5177:
5175:
4463:
Fassett, Caleb I.; Head, James W. (1 November 2008).
3976:
3974:
3751:
International Journal of Ecohydrology et Hydrobiology
3349:
is generally regarded by geographers, biologists and
3144:
are usually considered separate lakes, in which case
2940:
is the only saltwater lake in the world inhabited by
2695:, with a bottom at 1,637 metres (5,371 ft). Its
2629:
is either the world's largest lake or a full-fledged
2083:
fish contribute to turbidity by eating plant-eating (
1851:
have good clarity and an average level of nutrients.
1174:
List of notable artificial lakes in the United States
1081:, Germany, Europe's largest artificial lake district.
84:
on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a
5579:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 45â51.
5246:
4735:
4206:
3490:
3488:
3297: â Scottish Gaelic word for a lake or sea inlet
3170:
2094:
The light depth or transparency is measured using a
1969:
commonly used to track past paleontological events.
1799:(also known as catchment area), inflow and outflow,
1757:
Lakes can have significant cultural importance. The
1600:
Paleolakes can also be recognized by characteristic
268:
5127:
4995:
4592:
4528:
4526:
1589:paleolakes can often be identified on the basis of
1202:with the Earth by extraterrestrial objects (either
96:, although they may be connected with the ocean by
5427:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5172:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4506:
3971:
3580:
2544:(~80,000 km) and nearly the size of all five
478:Many lakes are artificial and are constructed for
5628:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
5596:
5594:
5592:
5483:
5470:
5414:
5261:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4340:Sharma, Priyanka; Byrne, Shane (1 October 2010).
3574:
3494:
3485:
3327: â Mountain lake or pool in a glacial cirque
2663:The second largest lake by surface area, and the
2035:, where sunlight is abundant; and the deep-water
6875:
5322:
5320:
5092:
4900:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
3639:
3266: â River estuary lagoon in Black Sea region
2988:largest lake on an island in a lake on an island
2802:, 5,018 metres (16,463 ft) above sea level.
2059:if its weight is less than the random turbidity
1875:Due to the unusual relationship between water's
1382:By seasonal variations in water level and volume
852:Lakes formed by other processes responsible for
777:, and epishelf lakes. Epishelf lakes are highly
5680:
5489:
5381:
5229:
5227:
4825:. University of California Press. p. 485.
4822:A Natural History of California: Second Edition
4748:Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
4710:
4633:
4503:
1226:
324:
6280:
5751:Bulletin of the Peoria Scientific Association.
5589:
5492:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
5219:Handbuch der Seenkunde. Allgemeine Limnologie.
4881:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4569:
4567:
3739:
3691:
988:environments, although some aeolian lakes are
629:content. Examples of these salt lakes include
303:('water pooled in a riverbed, puddle') as in:
274:('pond, ditch, slow moving stream'), from the
6266:
5317:
4906:
4652:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4088:
4086:
2907:is in what is probably the largest resurgent
2408:. A prime example of an intermittent lake is
2377:. In lowland river valleys where a river can
5825:"Lake's disappearing act stuns Russian town"
5236:Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft
5224:
5063:
4209:"The volume and mean depth of Earth's lakes"
4033:Seekell, David A.; Pace, Michael L. (2011).
3617:"Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS)"
1541:
1271:
315:
30:"Lakes" redirects here. For other uses, see
5941:
5841:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5619:
5569:
5335:
5233:
4864:
4462:
4386:
4339:
4093:Cael, B. B.; Seekell, D. A. (8 July 2016).
4092:
4032:
3645:
2983:, the largest lake within one jurisdiction.
2180:: Sedimentary zone containing no vegetation
369:, and a lesser number of names ending with
361:is also used to describe a feature such as
289:
119:Lakes are typically larger and deeper than
27:Large inland body of relatively still water
6273:
6259:
6206:
5411:Institution Press, Lovedale, South Africa.
5401:
5341:Poehls, D.J. and Smith, G.J. eds. (2009).
5211:
4818:
4544:
4532:
4435:
4083:
3718:
3712:
1604:deposits that accumulated in them and any
1564:that occupy depressions on the surface of
6108:
5999:"The Nine Planets Solar System Tour â Io"
5931:. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference.
5600:
5300:
5290:
5163:
4767:
4412:
4240:
4183:
4134:
4058:
4006:
3954:
3807:
3797:
2610:
2480:
1945:The material at the bottom of a lake, or
1741:Learn how and when to remove this message
1675:contained in them, or as source rocks of
1180:Meteorite (extraterrestrial impact) lakes
1097:, or the deliberate filling of abandoned
571:meteorite (extraterrestrial impact) lakes
508:Extraterrestrial lakes exist on the moon
6022:
5791:Ponds and Lakes. Lessons from Biologists
5478:Volcanic Lakes, Advances in Volcanology,
5343:Encyclopedic dictionary of hydrogeology.
4683:
4095:"The size-distribution of Earth's lakes"
3495:Kuusisto, Esko; HyvÀrinen, Veli (2000).
3260: â Lake-dwelling entity in folklore
2644:, 2,864 feet (873 m) above sea level in
2635:
2620:
2490:
2330:
2307:
2138:
2134:
1997:
1898:
1868:of little use to humans and have a poor
1779:
1768:
1752:
1246:
1230:
1089:. They can be formed by the intentional
1073:
804:
734:
723:was created when a lava flow dammed the
648:
424:
61:
42:
5942:Friedlander, Blaine (20 January 2021).
4634:HĂ„kanson, Lars; Jansson, Matts (1983).
4387:Sharma, Priyanka; Byrne, Shane (2011).
3722:Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa
3685:
3503:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 4â5.
3339:
3254: â Group of lakes in North America
3040:
2665:largest freshwater lake by surface area
1949:, may be composed of a wide variety of
238:Etymology, meaning, and usage of "lake"
88:or interconnected basins surrounded by
14:
6876:
6085:"Hydrology of early Mars: Lake basins"
5811:Wet Winter Brings Life to Death Valley
5765:
5735:
5625:
5398:Springer Science & Business Media.
5101:Geological Society of America Bulletin
4788:"Geomorphology and Hydrology of Lakes"
3747:"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 2004"
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3303: â Shallow lake, pond, or wetland
2587:There are dark basaltic plains on the
1370:, which is sometimes referred to as a
482:power generation, aesthetic purposes,
395:It does not have regular intrusion of
6254:
6126:"Is The Caspian Sea a Sea Or A Lake?"
5267:"The Thermal Classification of Lakes"
5221:J. von Engelhorn, Stuttgart, Germany.
4845:
4781:
4779:
4578:. New York: Oxford University Press.
4573:
4028:
4026:
3698:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 83.
2203:: Algae that grow on (or within) sand
2127:; in the night it can warm it with a
1424:
797:, fluviatile dams and meander lakes.
285:('to leak, drain'). Cognates include
169:Natural lakes are generally found in
6053:
5768:Limnology: Lake and river ecosystems
5605:. New Delhi: New India Pub. Agency.
4686:Encyclopedia of Lakes and Reservoirs
4638:(1st ed.). New York: Springer.
3928:
3900:"Suomi, 57 000 â 168 000 jĂ€rven maa"
3045:The largest lakes (surface area) by
2990:is Crater Lake on Vulcano Island in
2760:, at 6,390 metres (20,965 ft).
2268:
2229:
1723:adding citations to reliable sources
1694:
1437:contains water with a below-neutral
1243:were formed by a retreating glacier.
432:'s shape and depth as a gradient map
166:and do not have any inflow streams.
6123:
5424:, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
3423:
2967:The largest lake in one country is
2215:: Algae that grow on living animals
2025:, a sloped area close to land; the
1872:due to decreased dissolved oxygen.
1635:area of southwestern North America.
1210:). Examples of meteorite lakes are
1195:
1055:
914:A landslide lake is created by the
847:
590:. Other well-known tectonic lakes,
436:The majority of lakes on Earth are
230:generation, for supplying domestic
24:
6207:HÀmÀlÀinen, Arto (November 2001).
5662:Lake Basins Through Space and Time
5394:Last, W.M. and Smol, J.P. (2001).
4785:
4776:
4023:
3956:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1983.tb00772.x
3595:10.1111/j.1469-185X.1996.tb00750.x
3285:List of lakes of the United States
2264:
1690:
1611:There are two types of paleolake:
1022:
984:. These lakes are found mainly in
938:, which formed as a result of the
909:
827:
204:. Some lakes are found in caverns
25:
6905:
6223:
6211:. Virtual Finland. Archived from
6209:"Saimaa â Finland's largest lake"
6054:Gohd, Chelsea (5 November 2018).
5480:Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
5476:Rouwet, D. et al. (eds.) (2015).
5420:Geller, W. et al. (eds.) (2013).
5329:Glossary of Biolimnological Terms
3365:seas are remnants of the ancient
2882:The largest lake on an island is
2701:largest freshwater lake by volume
2361:. Large water plants, typically
860:
644:
576:
5809:Chadwick, Alex (3 March 2005), "
5512:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.07.004
5078:10.1111/j.1747-6593.2011.00269.x
4717:Johnson, Daniel M., ed. (1985).
4636:Principles of Lake Sedimentology
3850:. 12 August 2009. Archived from
3229:
3215:
3201:
3187:
3173:
3036:- those over a million years old
2867:The largest island in a lake is
2303:
2272:
2233:
2209:: Algae that grow on macrophytes
1913:Since the surface water of deep
1699:
1031:
975:
835:
788:
730:
6200:
6188:
6156:
6144:
6117:
6089:Journal of Geophysical Research
6076:
6047:
6023:Greicius, Tony (25 July 2018).
6016:
5991:
5961:
5935:
5918:
5892:
5849:
5816:
5803:
5784:
5759:
5729:
5717:
5528:"The bathymetry of a Titan sea"
5355:
5165:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.03.019
5057:
5032:
4989:
4952:
4918:United States Geological Survey
4839:
4812:
4456:
4429:
4380:
4333:
4277:
4200:
4151:
3922:
3908:National Land Survey of Finland
3892:
3858:
3832:
3765:
3753:. Index Copernicus: 381. 2004.
3290:List of largest lakes of Europe
2809:commercially navigable lake is
1710:needs additional citations for
1198:), are created by catastrophic
1190:Meteorite lakes, also known as
420:
255:('lake, pond, waterway'), from
212:. All lakes are temporary over
5747:. Western Kentucky University.
5205:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.023
4998:Arabian Journal of Geosciences
4965:Landslide Science and Practice
3876:. 4 March 2009. Archived from
3609:
3401:
3383:
3126:, both in northwestern Russia.
2691:lake in the world, located in
2640:Round Tangle Lake, one of the
2595:but smaller, which are called
2225:
2191:: Algae that grow on sediments
2119:because water has a very high
1218:in northeast Siberia, and the
980:Aeolian lakes are produced by
800:
505:superlinearly with lake area.
402:A considerable portion of the
143:, and both fed and drained by
127:, which are generally shallow
13:
1:
5770:. San Diego: Academic Press.
5066:Water and Environment Journal
4852:. Springer. pp. 83â122.
4819:Schoenherr, Allan A. (2017).
4694:10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_202
3553:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00153-8
3376:
2005:are the glacial lakes of the
1572:
1040:
992:landforms indicative of arid
532:published a monograph titled
264:('pond, pool, stream'), from
220:Artificially controlled lakes
6246:LakeNet Global Lake Database
5648:10.1016/0031-0182(90)90113-L
5535:Geophysical Research Letters
5456:10.1126/science.211.4481.446
4967:. Springer. pp. 57â64.
4489:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.016
4393:Geophysical Research Letters
4366:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.04.023
4213:Geophysical Research Letters
3840:"The Atlas of Canada: Lakes"
3778:Geophysical Research Letters
3499:. In Pertti Heinonen (ed.).
3443:Geophysical Research Letters
2654:largest lake by surface area
2584:once formed on the surface.
1979:
1922:if there is even a trace of
1227:Other classification methods
870:that form part of the local
192:. Other lakes are found in
7:
4973:10.1007/978-3-642-31319-6_9
4858:10.1007/978-3-540-70624-3_4
3166:
2502:, as seen in a false-color
1883:, lakes form layers called
1140:, or to provide an aquatic
940:1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake
155:without any outflow, while
10:
6910:
6859:
5365:. vlada.si. Archived from
5144:Quaternary Science Reviews
4860:– via Springer Link.
4164:Limnology and Oceanography
4039:Limnology and Oceanography
3987:Limnology and Oceanography
2614:
2484:
2473:
2321:Death Valley National Park
2197:: Algae that grow on rocks
1983:
1535:ephemeral acid saline lake
1183:
1059:
902:and within large parts of
753:
663:
512:, which orbits the planet
486:purposes, industrial use,
29:
6855:
6774:
6736:
6655:
6560:
6512:
6390:
6359:
6301:
6292:
5741:"The Lake as a Microcosm"
5683:Journal of Paleolimnology
5018:10.1007/s12517-015-2062-6
4185:10.4319/lo.2012.57.2.0597
4060:10.4319/lo.2011.56.1.0350
4008:10.4319/lo.2006.51.5.2388
3725:. Springer. p. 427.
3647:Elton, Charles Sutherland
3246:Deep water source cooling
2385:. In the final stages of
1932:the disaster at Lake Nyos
1542:Composed of other liquids
1357:, and oligomictic lakes.
1353:, warm monomictic lakes,
1272:By thermal stratification
1194:(not to be confused with
742:is a glacial lake in the
715:. The basin which is now
674:, or larger basins, e.g.
625:has a higher-than-normal
112:even higher than that of
6241:ILEC World Lake Database
5363:"Lakes â Aquatic Havens"
5345:Academic Press. p. 517.
5326:Gangstad, E.O., (1979).
5044:Waikato Regional Council
3874:Natural Resources Canada
3848:Natural Resources Canada
3395:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3332:
2767:(Pumuoyong Tso), in the
2509:synthetic aperture radar
2498:north polar hydrocarbon
2447:, Russia, a lake called
2055:. A particle will be in
1972:Natural lakes provide a
523:
454:deranged drainage system
69:during a storm near the
6235:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
5870:10.1126/science.1108142
5766:Wetzel, Robert (2001).
5726:. UNESCO (24 June 2011)
5703:10.1023/A:1023270324800
5138:Melles, Martin (2016).
3929:Mark, David M. (1983).
3692:Thomas V. Cech (2009).
3533:Biological Conservation
3321: â Type of wetland
3007:northernmost named lake
2769:Tibet Autonomous Region
2184:Algal community types:
1894:deep lake water cooling
1533:is another name for an
534:A Treatise on Limnology
299:
294:('lake, pond, ditch'),
281:
270:
260:
251:
188:and areas with ongoing
159:are filled directly by
5601:Manivanan, R. (2008).
5265:; Löffler, H. (1956).
3651:The Journal of Ecology
3280:List of lakes by depth
2858:longest lake coastline
2648:
2633:
2611:Notable lakes on Earth
2525:spectroscopic analysis
2512:
2481:Extraterrestrial lakes
2460:away into the ground.
2445:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2346:
2328:
2281:This section is empty.
2242:This section is empty.
2144:
2121:specific heat capacity
2013:
1910:
1792:
1777:
1766:
1261:thermal stratification
1256:
1244:
1082:
1079:Lusatian Lake District
814:
751:
661:
440:, and most lie in the
433:
325:
320:('pool, puddle'), and
316:
290:
73:
59:
36:Lakes (disambiguation)
6151:Ojos del Salado 6893m
5977:European Space Agency
4719:Atlas of Oregon Lakes
4574:Cohen, A. S. (2003).
3935:Geographical Analysis
3307:Open and closed lakes
3275:List of lakes by area
3148:would be the largest.
3072:Great Lakes of Africa
2977:Northwest Territories
2639:
2624:
2555:Jupiter's large moon
2494:
2485:Further information:
2334:
2311:
2142:
2135:Biological properties
2067:in origin (including
2001:
1902:
1783:
1772:
1756:
1556:are bodies of liquid
1457:in northern regions;
1250:
1234:
1196:volcanic crater lakes
1077:
808:
738:
652:
428:
151:, but some lakes are
135:or other material at
65:
46:
32:Lake (disambiguation)
6894:Lacustrine landforms
6862:Geographical feature
6698:Volcanic crater lake
6215:on 14 February 2008.
6124:Sen Nag, Oishimaya.
6110:10.1029/2010JE003739
5829:The Montana Standard
5555:10.1002/2013GL058618
5292:10.1073/pnas.42.2.84
4887:Glossary of Geology,
4769:10.1029/2008JG000730
4414:10.1029/2011GL049577
4287:"The lakes of Titan"
4233:10.1002/2016GL071378
3904:maanmittauslaitos.fi
3799:10.1002/2014GL060641
3562:on 12 September 2011
3497:"Hydrology of Lakes"
3463:10.1029/2021GL093366
3449:(9): e2021GL093366.
3041:Largest by continent
2578:atmospheric pressure
2404:and can be found in
2373:may form, forming a
2341:, 15 February 2007.
1784:Five Flower Lake in
1719:improve this article
1524:open-pan salt making
1288:and Löffler. As the
699:, in the caldera of
530:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
214:long periods of time
71:Ludington Lighthouse
6101:2011JGRE..116.4001M
5796:14 May 2008 at the
5695:2003JPall..29..141S
5640:1990PPP....76..189C
5547:2014GeoRL..41.1432M
5504:2006JVGR..158..321W
5448:1981Sci...211..446P
5407:Theal, G.M., 1877.
5283:1956PNAS...42...84H
5217:Forel, F.A., 1901.
5197:2015Geomo.248..327D
5156:2016QSRv..147..221W
5113:2010GSAB..122..109M
5010:2016ArJG....9..190W
4760:2008JGRG..113.4014V
4481:2008Icar..198...37F
4405:2011GeoRL..3824203S
4358:2010Icar..209..723S
4311:10.1038/nature05438
4303:2007Natur.445...61S
4225:2017GeoRL..44..209C
4176:2012LimOc..57..597M
4111:2016NatSR...629633C
4051:2011LimOc..56..350S
3999:2006LimOc..51.2388D
3947:1983GeoAn..15...97M
3790:2014GeoRL..41.6396V
3719:Shahin, M. (2002).
3663:1954JEcol..42..460E
3545:2004BCons.115..329W
3455:2021GeoRL..4893366S
3134:Lake MichiganâHuron
2873:Lake Michigan-Huron
2854:Lake MichiganâHuron
2786: /
2669:Lake Michigan-Huron
2323:, 9 February 2005.
1493:, also known as an
1361:Lake stratification
1339:lacustrine deposits
1017:Badain Jaran Desert
653:The crater lake of
568:anthropogenic lakes
442:Northern Hemisphere
276:Proto-Indo-European
228:hydroelectric power
194:depressed landforms
6095:(E04001): E04001.
5749:(First printed in
5737:Forbes, Stephen A.
5369:on 26 October 2017
4540:. New York: Wiley.
4099:Scientific Reports
3809:20.500.12210/62355
3583:Biological Reviews
3319:Slough (hydrology)
3195:Environment portal
3032:There are only 20
3015:Qikiqtaaluk Region
3011:Upper Dumbell Lake
2938:Dominican Republic
2930:, also in Sudbury.
2649:
2634:
2523:. Photographs and
2513:
2394:intermittent lakes
2347:
2329:
2174:algae and bacteria
2145:
2014:
1911:
1835:Lakes can be also
1793:
1778:
1767:
1472:, also known as a
1425:By water chemistry
1416:is a name used in
1257:
1245:
1186:Impact crater lake
1114:storage reservoirs
1083:
815:
752:
662:
434:
74:
60:
6871:
6870:
6782:Artificial island
6688:Submarine volcano
6597:Continental shelf
6564:coastal landforms
6360:Continental plain
6295:List of landforms
6061:Discover magazine
5948:Cornell Chronicle
5800:. aquahabitat.com
5612:978-81-89422-93-6
5585:978-1-4020-4411-3
5351:978-0-12-558690-0
5263:Hutchinson, G. E.
4982:978-3-642-31318-9
4832:978-0-520-96455-6
4728:978-0-87071-343-9
4703:978-1-4020-5617-8
4645:978-3-540-12645-4
4585:978-0-19-513353-0
4534:Hutchinson, G. E.
4449:978-0-08-093162-3
4265:on 24 August 2021
4119:10.1038/srep29633
3870:atlas.nrcan.gc.ca
3854:on 15 April 2012.
3844:atlas.nrcan.gc.ca
3784:(18): 6396â6402.
3732:978-1-4020-0866-5
3705:978-0-470-13631-7
3510:978-0-470-51113-8
3353:as a huge inland
2994:on the island of
2903:on the island of
2869:Manitoulin Island
2790:28.567°N 90.400°E
2517:astronomical body
2301:
2300:
2262:
2261:
2110:lentic ecosystems
1924:volcanic activity
1848:Mesotrophic lakes
1751:
1750:
1743:
1652:Lake Winnipegosis
1554:Hydrocarbon lakes
1392:intermittent lake
1335:aerobic organisms
1220:Pingualuit crater
890:underground lakes
795:plunge pool lakes
666:Volcanogenic lake
499:satellite imagery
490:use, or domestic
296:Middle Low German
100:. Most lakes are
16:(Redirected from
6901:
6817:Land reclamation
6713:Volcanic plateau
6275:
6268:
6261:
6252:
6251:
6217:
6216:
6204:
6198:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6175:
6168:
6164:"China wetlands"
6160:
6154:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6080:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6064:. Kalmbach Media
6051:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6031:. Archived from
6020:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5840:
5832:
5820:
5814:
5807:
5801:
5788:
5782:
5781:
5763:
5757:
5748:
5733:
5727:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5678:
5672:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5634:(3â4): 189â214.
5623:
5617:
5616:
5598:
5587:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5541:(5): 1432â1437.
5532:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5498:(3â4): 321â332.
5487:
5481:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5431:
5425:
5418:
5412:
5405:
5399:
5392:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5359:
5353:
5339:
5333:
5324:
5315:
5314:
5304:
5294:
5259:
5244:
5243:
5231:
5222:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5179:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5134:
5125:
5124:
5121:10.1130/B26474.1
5107:(1â2): 109â126.
5096:
5090:
5089:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5036:
5030:
5029:
4993:
4987:
4986:
4956:
4950:
4949:
4943:
4939:
4937:
4929:
4915:
4904:
4898:
4883:
4862:
4861:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4800:on 12 April 2017
4799:
4793:. Archived from
4792:
4783:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4681:
4650:
4649:
4631:
4590:
4589:
4571:
4542:
4541:
4530:
4501:
4500:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4416:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4261:. Archived from
4244:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4138:
4090:
4081:
4080:
4062:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4010:
3993:(5): 2388â2397.
3978:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3811:
3801:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3555:. Archived from
3530:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3434:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3411:. Dictionary.com
3405:
3399:
3398:
3387:
3370:
3343:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3211:
3209:Geography portal
3206:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
2838:to the east and
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2436:of west-central
2296:
2293:
2283:You can help by
2276:
2269:
2257:
2254:
2244:You can help by
2237:
2230:
2168:Littoriprofundal
1963:organic material
1930:. An example is
1805:dissolved oxygen
1746:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1703:
1695:
1394:They often fill
1355:polymictic lakes
1347:monomictic lakes
1216:Lake El'gygytgyn
1132:, for supplying
1130:flood management
1126:hydroelectricity
1056:Artificial lakes
1002:deflation basins
872:karst topography
848:Floodplain lakes
771:subglacial lakes
767:proglacial lakes
688:volcanic craters
611:endorheic basins
328:
319:
302:
293:
284:
273:
263:
254:
182:volcanic craters
21:
6909:
6908:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6889:Bodies of water
6874:
6873:
6872:
6867:
6864:
6851:
6787:Artificial reef
6770:
6732:
6708:Volcanic island
6693:Volcanic crater
6651:
6647:Volcanic island
6627:Mid-ocean ridge
6563:
6556:
6508:
6386:
6355:
6297:
6288:
6279:
6226:
6221:
6220:
6205:
6201:
6193:
6189:
6179:
6177:
6176:on 17 June 2013
6173:
6166:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6149:
6145:
6135:
6133:
6122:
6118:
6081:
6077:
6067:
6065:
6052:
6048:
6038:
6036:
6035:on 26 June 2023
6021:
6017:
6007:
6005:
6003:nineplanets.org
5997:
5996:
5992:
5982:
5980:
5967:
5966:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5940:
5936:
5923:
5919:
5909:
5907:
5898:
5897:
5893:
5854:
5850:
5834:
5833:
5821:
5817:
5808:
5804:
5798:Wayback Machine
5789:
5785:
5778:
5764:
5760:
5756:(1887): 77â87.)
5734:
5730:
5722:
5718:
5679:
5675:
5659:
5655:
5624:
5620:
5613:
5599:
5590:
5574:
5570:
5530:
5523:
5519:
5488:
5484:
5475:
5471:
5442:(4481): 446â8.
5432:
5428:
5419:
5415:
5406:
5402:
5393:
5382:
5372:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5340:
5336:
5325:
5318:
5260:
5247:
5232:
5225:
5216:
5212:
5180:
5173:
5135:
5128:
5097:
5093:
5062:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5038:
5037:
5033:
4994:
4990:
4983:
4957:
4953:
4941:
4940:
4931:
4930:
4913:
4905:
4901:
4884:
4865:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4790:
4784:
4777:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4715:
4711:
4704:
4682:
4653:
4646:
4632:
4593:
4586:
4572:
4545:
4531:
4504:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4434:
4430:
4385:
4381:
4338:
4334:
4297:(7123): 61â64.
4282:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4205:
4201:
4156:
4152:
4091:
4084:
4031:
4024:
3979:
3972:
3927:
3923:
3913:
3911:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3770:
3766:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3690:
3686:
3671:10.2307/2256872
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3627:on 4 March 2009
3615:
3614:
3610:
3579:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3528:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3493:
3486:
3435:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3202:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3043:
2973:Great Bear Lake
2934:Lake Enriquillo
2918:in the city of
2884:Nettilling Lake
2794:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2758:Ojos del Salado
2748:
2745:Lake Tanganyika
2718:Lake Tanganyika
2646:interior Alaska
2619:
2613:
2530:CassiniâHuygens
2489:
2483:
2478:
2426:endorheic basin
2406:karstic terrain
2398:ephemeral lakes
2345:satellite photo
2327:satellite photo
2306:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2267:
2265:Flora and fauna
2258:
2252:
2249:
2228:
2137:
2089:trophic cascade
2085:planktonivorous
2033:open-water zone
1996:
1984:Main articles:
1982:
1928:limnic eruption
1904:Lake Teletskoye
1747:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1716:
1704:
1693:
1691:Characteristics
1633:Basin and Range
1596:paleoshorelines
1575:
1544:
1482:sodium chloride
1427:
1384:
1274:
1251:Ice melting on
1229:
1188:
1182:
1161:southern Poland
1150:nature reserves
1099:excavation pits
1072:
1070:retention basin
1058:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1023:Shoreline lakes
978:
966:Tal-y-llyn Lake
948:Pamir Mountains
912:
910:Landslide lakes
896:Dalmatian coast
863:
850:
838:
830:
828:Fluviatile dams
803:
791:
763:northern Europe
758:
733:
668:
647:
631:Great Salt Lake
579:
574:
562:shoreline lakes
556:landslide lakes
526:
423:
240:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6907:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6778:
6776:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6742:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6632:Oceanic trench
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6568:
6566:
6558:
6557:
6555:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6518:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6479:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6278:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6225:
6224:External links
6222:
6219:
6218:
6199:
6187:
6155:
6153:. andes.org.uk
6143:
6130:worldatlas.com
6116:
6075:
6046:
6015:
5990:
5979:. 17 June 2013
5960:
5934:
5917:
5891:
5864:(5727): 1429.
5848:
5815:
5802:
5783:
5776:
5758:
5745:people.wku.edu
5728:
5716:
5689:(2): 141â154.
5673:
5653:
5618:
5611:
5588:
5568:
5517:
5482:
5469:
5426:
5413:
5400:
5380:
5354:
5334:
5316:
5245:
5223:
5210:
5171:
5126:
5091:
5072:(1): 108â117.
5056:
5031:
4988:
4981:
4951:
4942:|website=
4920:. p. 55.
4899:
4863:
4838:
4831:
4811:
4786:Mosley, Paul.
4775:
4754:(G4): G04014.
4734:
4727:
4709:
4702:
4651:
4644:
4591:
4584:
4543:
4502:
4455:
4448:
4428:
4379:
4352:(2): 723â737.
4332:
4276:
4219:(1): 209â218.
4199:
4170:(2): 597â606.
4150:
4082:
4045:(1): 350â356.
4022:
3970:
3921:
3910:. 12 June 2019
3891:
3880:on 29 May 2010
3857:
3831:
3764:
3738:
3731:
3711:
3704:
3684:
3657:(2): 460â496.
3638:
3608:
3589:(2): 301â339.
3573:
3539:(2): 329â341.
3516:
3509:
3484:
3422:
3400:
3397:. 18 May 2023.
3381:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3226:
3212:
3198:
3184:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:Lake Maracaibo
3149:
3127:
3122:, followed by
3113:
3099:
3085:
3075:
3061:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3003:
2984:
2965:
2951:
2945:
2931:
2916:Lake Wanapitei
2912:
2898:
2895:Wollaston Lake
2891:
2880:
2865:
2851:
2850:concentration.
2834:, bordered by
2824:
2823:
2822:
2803:
2795:28.567; 90.400
2750:
2737:
2726:Lake Maracaibo
2716:, followed by
2704:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2612:
2609:
2500:seas and lakes
2487:Lakes of Titan
2482:
2479:
2469:climate change
2418:Lag Prau Pulte
2402:seasonal lakes
2336:Badwater Basin
2317:Badwater Basin
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2279:
2277:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2240:
2238:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2172:photosynthetic
2165:
2155:
2136:
2133:
2007:Lurë Mountains
1990:Lake ecosystem
1981:
1978:
1920:sulfur dioxide
1797:drainage basin
1774:Lake Mapourika
1749:
1748:
1707:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1656:
1655:
1636:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1551:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1527:
1520:brackish water
1510:
1485:
1466:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1383:
1380:
1351:dimictic lakes
1273:
1270:
1228:
1225:
1184:Main article:
1181:
1178:
1157:Upper Silesian
1124:, to generate
1118:drinking water
1087:human activity
1057:
1054:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1021:
977:
974:
954:, forming the
911:
908:
862:
861:Solution lakes
859:
849:
846:
837:
834:
829:
826:
802:
799:
790:
787:
754:Main article:
732:
729:
686:are formed in
664:Main article:
646:
645:Volcanic lakes
643:
578:
577:Tectonic lakes
575:
573:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
553:solution lakes
551:
548:
545:
544:volcanic lakes
542:
541:tectonic lakes
538:
525:
522:
422:
419:
415:
414:
407:
400:
393:
390:
266:Proto-Germanic
248:Middle English
239:
236:
232:drinking water
157:volcanic lakes
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6906:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6863:
6858:
6857:
6854:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6735:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6718:Volcanic plug
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6559:
6553:
6552:Tunnel valley
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6276:
6271:
6269:
6264:
6262:
6257:
6256:
6253:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6214:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6191:
6172:
6165:
6159:
6152:
6147:
6131:
6127:
6120:
6111:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6079:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6050:
6034:
6030:
6026:
6019:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5969:"Ligeia Mare"
5964:
5949:
5945:
5938:
5930:
5929:
5921:
5906:. 18 May 2023
5905:
5901:
5895:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5852:
5844:
5838:
5830:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5806:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5787:
5779:
5777:9780127447605
5773:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5752:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5725:
5720:
5712:
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5677:
5671:
5670:0-89181-052-8
5667:
5663:
5657:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5622:
5614:
5608:
5604:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5529:
5521:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5473:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5417:
5410:
5404:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5331:
5330:
5323:
5321:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5228:
5220:
5214:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5185:Geomorphology
5178:
5176:
5166:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5133:
5131:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5060:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4992:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4955:
4947:
4935:
4927:
4926:10.3133/pp435
4923:
4919:
4912:
4911:
4903:
4896:
4895:3-540-27951-2
4892:
4888:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4842:
4834:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4815:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4780:
4770:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4738:
4730:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4705:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4647:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4587:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4459:
4451:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4439:Lakes on Mars
4432:
4424:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4087:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4027:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3975:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3941:(2): 97â106.
3940:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3489:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3410:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3382:
3368:
3364:
3363:Mediterranean
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:List of lakes
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3213:
3210:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3171:
3161:
3157:
3156:Lake Titicaca
3153:
3152:South America
3150:
3147:
3146:Lake Superior
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3130:North America
3128:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3068:Lake Victoria
3065:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3035:
3034:ancient lakes
3031:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2969:Lake Michigan
2966:
2963:
2962:South Karelia
2959:
2958:South Savonia
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2888:Baffin Island
2885:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2811:Lake Titicaca
2808:
2804:
2799:
2771:of China, at
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2677:Lake Superior
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2617:List of lakes
2608:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2591:, similar to
2590:
2585:
2583:
2582:ancient lakes
2579:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2542:Lake Superior
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2410:Lake Cerknica
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2304:Disappearance
2295:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:detritivorous
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:littoral zone
2018:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1994:Lake aeration
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1817:sedimentation
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1776:, New Zealand
1775:
1771:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1742:
1734:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1708:This section
1706:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:paleontologic
1662:
1653:
1649:
1648:Lake Winnipeg
1645:
1641:
1640:shrunken lake
1637:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1343:amictic lakes
1340:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1116:that provide
1115:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:precipitation
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1066:water storage
1063:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1038:
1032:Organic lakes
1029:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:paleoclimates
991:
987:
983:
976:Aeolian lakes
973:
971:
967:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
891:
886:
882:
877:
873:
869:
858:
855:
845:
843:
836:Lateral lakes
833:
825:
822:
821:
812:
811:Nowitna River
807:
798:
796:
789:Fluvial lakes
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
757:
749:
745:
741:
737:
731:Glacial lakes
728:
726:
725:Malheur River
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
685:
681:
678:, created by
677:
673:
667:
660:
656:
655:Mount Rinjani
651:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:(also called
616:
613:that contain
612:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
570:
567:
565:organic lakes
564:
561:
559:aeolian lakes
558:
555:
552:
550:fluvial lakes
549:
547:glacial lakes
546:
543:
540:
539:
537:
535:
531:
521:
519:
518:dry lake beds
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:hydroelectric
476:
474:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
431:
427:
418:
412:
408:
405:
401:
398:
394:
391:
388:
384:
383:
382:
380:
375:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Charles Elton
352:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
327:
323:
318:
314:
310:
309:de:Butterlake
306:
301:
297:
292:
288:
283:
277:
272:
267:
262:
258:
253:
249:
245:
235:
233:
229:
225:
222:are known as
221:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
162:
161:precipitation
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:body of water
79:
72:
68:
67:Lake Michigan
64:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6703:Volcanic dam
6434:
6400:Alluvial fan
6233:
6213:the original
6202:
6197:. elbruz.org
6190:
6178:. Retrieved
6171:the original
6158:
6146:
6134:. Retrieved
6132:. WorldAtlas
6129:
6119:
6092:
6088:
6078:
6066:. Retrieved
6059:
6049:
6037:. Retrieved
6033:the original
6028:
6018:
6006:. Retrieved
6002:
5993:
5981:. Retrieved
5972:
5963:
5951:. Retrieved
5947:
5937:
5927:
5920:
5908:. Retrieved
5903:
5894:
5861:
5857:
5851:
5828:
5818:
5805:
5786:
5767:
5761:
5753:
5750:
5744:
5731:
5719:
5686:
5682:
5676:
5661:
5656:
5631:
5627:
5621:
5602:
5576:
5571:
5538:
5534:
5520:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5477:
5472:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5421:
5416:
5408:
5403:
5395:
5371:. Retrieved
5367:the original
5357:
5342:
5337:
5328:
5274:
5270:
5239:
5235:
5218:
5213:
5188:
5184:
5147:
5143:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5047:. Retrieved
5043:
5040:"Peat lakes"
5034:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4964:
4954:
4909:
4902:
4886:
4848:
4841:
4821:
4814:
4802:. Retrieved
4795:the original
4751:
4747:
4737:
4718:
4712:
4685:
4635:
4575:
4537:
4475:(1): 37â56.
4472:
4468:
4458:
4442:. Elsevier.
4438:
4431:
4396:
4392:
4382:
4349:
4345:
4335:
4294:
4290:
4279:
4267:. Retrieved
4263:the original
4216:
4212:
4202:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4105:(1): 29633.
4102:
4098:
4042:
4038:
3990:
3986:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3912:. Retrieved
3903:
3894:
3882:. Retrieved
3878:the original
3869:
3860:
3852:the original
3843:
3834:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3750:
3741:
3721:
3714:
3694:
3687:
3654:
3650:
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3625:the original
3620:
3611:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3564:. Retrieved
3557:the original
3536:
3532:
3519:
3500:
3446:
3442:
3413:. Retrieved
3403:
3385:
3367:Tethys Ocean
3351:limnologists
3341:
3258:Lake monster
3237:World portal
3223:Water portal
3181:Lakes portal
3151:
3129:
3115:
3101:
3087:
3084:(subglacial)
3077:
3063:
3053:
3044:
3009:on Earth is
3006:
2987:
2948:Lake Bernard
2877:Lake Manitou
2857:
2830:lake is the
2827:
2826:The world's
2806:
2805:The world's
2765:Pumoyong Tso
2753:
2752:The world's
2740:
2707:
2706:The world's
2700:
2696:
2688:
2664:
2653:
2642:Tangle Lakes
2600:
2596:
2586:
2571:
2565:
2554:
2528:
2514:
2503:
2476:Prairie Lake
2462:
2458:
2442:
2430:Death Valley
2401:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2348:
2292:October 2020
2289:
2285:adding to it
2280:
2253:October 2020
2250:
2246:adding to it
2241:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2167:
2157:
2151:
2147:Lake zones:
2146:
2114:
2106:Secchi depth
2105:
2095:
2093:
2044:benthic zone
2042:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2015:
1971:
1967:
1946:
1944:
1940:asphyxiation
1912:
1885:thermoclines
1874:
1864:Hypertrophic
1862:
1859:algal blooms
1852:
1846:
1842:oligotrophic
1840:
1834:
1821:
1794:
1737:
1731:October 2020
1728:
1717:Please help
1712:verification
1709:
1657:
1644:Lake Agassiz
1610:
1594:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1530:
1513:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1459:crater lakes
1458:
1453:landscapes;
1442:
1434:
1428:
1418:South Africa
1391:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1279:
1275:
1258:
1253:Lake Balaton
1237:kettle lakes
1192:crater lakes
1191:
1189:
1172:
1170:
1154:
1110:ground water
1084:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1014:
979:
964:
944:
920:river valley
913:
888:
885:karst ponds.
884:
864:
851:
839:
831:
818:
816:
792:
775:finger lakes
759:
756:Glacial lake
740:Lake Kaniere
717:Malheur Lake
711:or volcanic
701:Mount Mazama
684:Crater lakes
669:
600:
580:
533:
527:
507:
496:
492:water supply
488:agricultural
484:recreational
477:
462:
435:
421:Distribution
416:
376:
370:
366:
358:
350:
346:limnologists
339:
334:
330:
305:de:Wolfslake
243:
241:
218:
210:last ice age
175:alpine lakes
173:areas (i.e.
168:
118:
77:
75:
52:Ossau Valley
40:
6562:Oceanic and
6302:Mountainous
6136:15 December
5277:(2): 84â6.
5191:: 327â343.
5150:: 221â244.
4399:(24): n/a.
3884:17 December
3347:Caspian Sea
3313:River mouth
3301:Mere (lake)
3252:Great Lakes
3120:Lake Ladoga
3096:Caspian Sea
3092:Lake Baikal
3082:Lake Vostok
3060:(salt lake)
3000:Philippines
2954:Lake Saimaa
2928:Lake Ramsey
2793: /
2714:Lake Baikal
2709:oldest lake
2685:Lake Baikal
2658:Caspian Sea
2627:Caspian Sea
2593:lunar maria
2572:The planet
2550:Ligeia Mare
2546:Great Lakes
2538:Kraken Mare
2449:Lake Beloye
2434:Sevier Lake
2383:oxbow lakes
2226:Circulation
2162:macrophytic
2152:Epilittoral
2129:land breeze
2097:Secchi disk
2081:Piscivorous
1877:temperature
1837:categorized
1829:groundwater
1681:natural gas
1625:evaporation
1621:prehistoric
1617:former lake
1602:sedimentary
1495:alkali flat
1490:alkali sink
1474:saline lake
1451:metamorphic
1309:metalimnion
1303:hypolimnion
1282:F.-A. Forel
1138:aquaculture
1134:agriculture
1122:settlements
1120:for nearby
1050:water table
982:wind action
876:groundwater
801:Oxbow lakes
748:New Zealand
693:Crater Lake
623:water table
596:Sea of Aral
592:Caspian Sea
588:Lake Baikal
257:Old English
246:comes from
206:underground
198:floodplains
171:mountainous
129:tidal pools
6878:Categories
6860:See also:
6775:Artificial
6683:Lava field
6602:Coral reef
6430:Floodplain
6180:6 February
6068:13 January
6039:15 October
5373:25 October
5004:(3): 190.
4804:25 October
3621:ramsar.org
3377:References
3124:Lake Onega
3110:Lake TaupĆ
3078:Antarctica
2942:crocodiles
2862:Lake Huron
2697:mean depth
2631:inland sea
2615:See also:
2599:(singular
2534:spacecraft
2474:See also:
2422:GraubĂŒnden
2387:succession
2353:such as a
2219:Metaphyton
2201:Epipsammic
2125:sea breeze
2065:biological
2057:suspension
2003:Lura Lakes
1953:, such as
1951:inorganics
1809:pollutants
1786:Jiuzhaigou
1685:coal seams
1629:Owens Lake
1587:Quaternary
1583:palaeolake
1573:Paleolakes
1531:saline pan
1478:brine lake
1373:chemocline
1330:meromictic
1324:holomictic
1315:epilimnion
1286:Hutchinson
1280:Professor
1255:in Hungary
1214:in India,
1212:Lonar Lake
1204:meteorites
1159:region of
1101:by either
1060:See also:
1041:Peat lakes
1010:Washington
1006:Moses Lake
998:sand dunes
956:Sarez Lake
952:Tajikistan
950:region of
936:Quake Lake
928:rockslides
922:by either
881:karst lake
854:floodplain
820:oxbow lake
779:stratified
746:region of
744:West Coast
709:lava flows
705:subsidence
615:salt lakes
584:rift lakes
444:at higher
438:freshwater
224:reservoirs
190:glaciation
186:rift zones
131:dammed by
110:salinities
106:salt lakes
102:freshwater
48:Lac Gentau
18:Lacustrine
6837:Reservoir
6728:Wall rock
6678:Lava dome
6637:Peninsula
6547:Ice field
6504:Waterfall
6367:Ice sheet
6346:Tableland
6286:landforms
5983:5 January
5953:4 January
5563:134356087
5086:129487110
5026:131665131
4944:ignored (
4934:cite book
4497:0019-1035
4423:1944-8007
4374:0019-1035
4269:24 August
4259:132520745
4251:1944-8007
4242:1912/8822
4194:1939-5590
4127:2045-2322
4069:1939-5590
4017:0024-3590
3965:1538-4632
3826:129573857
3818:1944-8007
3759:1642-3593
3479:235508504
3471:1944-8007
3355:salt lake
3106:Lake Eyre
3058:Lake Eyre
3054:Australia
3047:continent
2992:Lake Taal
2911:on Earth.
2901:Lake Toba
2844:Palestine
2730:sea level
2515:Only one
2454:Oka River
2367:peat moss
2343:Landsat 5
2325:Landsat 5
2313:Ephemeral
2207:Epiphytic
2195:Epilithic
2178:Profundal
2102:quadrants
2053:particles
2049:turbidity
2038:profundal
2017:Limnology
1986:Limnology
1980:Limnology
1974:microcosm
1889:temperate
1870:ecosystem
1854:Eutrophic
1825:catchment
1803:content,
1759:West Lake
1677:petroleum
1673:shale gas
1669:oil shale
1661:piedmonts
1579:paleolake
1548:Lava lake
1503:dry lakes
1499:salt flat
1470:salt lake
1463:acid rain
1455:peat bogs
1443:pit lakes
1435:acid lake
1367:halocline
1208:asteroids
1142:sanctuary
1062:Reservoir
968:in north
868:sinkholes
783:ice shelf
680:volcanism
659:Indonesia
639:sag ponds
528:In 1957,
473:endorheic
452:, with a
446:latitudes
430:Lake Eyre
379:hydrology
363:Lake Eyre
322:Icelandic
242:The word
153:endorheic
6797:Building
6761:Sandhill
6751:Dry lake
6656:Volcanic
6642:Seamount
6324:Mountain
6008:7 August
5886:32069335
5878:15933192
5837:cite web
5794:Archived
5739:(1887).
5711:16039547
5464:17816597
5311:16589823
5242:: 35â44.
5049:24 April
4536:(1957).
4319:17203056
4145:27388607
4077:14160949
3914:26 April
3603:83831589
3167:See also
3142:Michigan
3094:(if the
2956:in both
2856:has the
2832:Dead Sea
2743:lake is
2722:Tanzania
2465:Aral Sea
2414:Slovenia
2339:dry lake
2213:Epizooic
2189:Epipelic
2158:Littoral
2073:detritus
1947:lake bed
1936:Cameroon
1915:tropical
1879:and its
1801:nutrient
1763:Hangzhou
1515:salt pan
1402:Dry lake
1265:salinity
1015:China's
960:Usoi Dam
924:mudflows
916:blockage
874:. Where
676:calderas
635:Dead Sea
633:and the
404:sediment
397:seawater
202:wetlands
133:sandbars
114:seawater
90:dry land
58:, France
56:Pyrenees
6738:Aeolian
6723:Volcano
6663:Caldera
6617:Isthmus
6607:Estuary
6587:Channel
6542:Glacier
6514:Glacial
6452:Meander
6420:Channel
6392:Fluvial
6336:Plateau
6097:Bibcode
5973:esa.int
5858:Science
5813:". NPR.
5691:Bibcode
5636:Bibcode
5543:Bibcode
5500:Bibcode
5444:Bibcode
5436:Science
5279:Bibcode
5193:Bibcode
5152:Bibcode
5109:Bibcode
5006:Bibcode
4756:Bibcode
4477:Bibcode
4401:Bibcode
4354:Bibcode
4327:4370622
4299:Bibcode
4221:Bibcode
4172:Bibcode
4136:4937396
4107:Bibcode
4047:Bibcode
3995:Bibcode
3943:Bibcode
3786:Bibcode
3679:2256872
3659:Bibcode
3631:2 March
3566:16 June
3541:Bibcode
3451:Bibcode
3415:25 June
3102:Oceania
3019:Nunavut
3013:in the
2924:Ontario
2920:Sudbury
2909:caldera
2905:Sumatra
2819:Bolivia
2807:highest
2781:90°24âČE
2778:28°34âČN
2754:highest
2741:longest
2693:Siberia
2689:deepest
2687:is the
2566:Galileo
2527:by the
2505:Cassini
2496:Titan's
2379:meander
2351:wetland
2117:climate
2011:Albania
1908:Siberia
1881:density
1832:level.
1790:Sichuan
1606:fossils
1562:methane
1447:igneous
1345:, cold
1290:density
1200:impacts
1091:damming
904:Florida
900:Croatia
603:grabens
475:lakes.
458:Finland
411:hectare
387:straits
179:dormant
164:runoffs
141:springs
137:coastal
125:lagoons
54:of the
50:in the
6847:Tunnel
6832:Quarry
6827:Polder
6792:Bridge
6766:Tundra
6746:Desert
6668:Geyser
6622:Lagoon
6612:Island
6527:Cirque
6499:Valley
6489:Strait
6467:Rapids
6440:island
6410:Canyon
6382:Tundra
6377:Steppe
6351:Valley
5910:19 May
5884:
5876:
5774:
5709:
5668:
5609:
5583:
5561:
5462:
5349:
5309:
5302:528218
5299:
5084:
5024:
4979:
4893:
4829:
4725:
4700:
4642:
4582:
4495:
4469:Icarus
4446:
4421:
4372:
4346:Icarus
4325:
4317:
4291:Nature
4257:
4249:
4192:
4143:
4133:
4125:
4075:
4067:
4015:
3963:
3824:
3816:
3757:
3729:
3702:
3677:
3601:
3507:
3477:
3469:
3409:"Lake"
3391:"Lake"
3116:Europe
3064:Africa
3023:Canada
2998:, The
2981:Canada
2840:Israel
2836:Jordan
2828:lowest
2561:sulfur
2511:mosaic
2164:growth
2061:forces
2028:photic
1992:, and
1961:, and
1827:area,
1815:, and
1591:relict
1581:(also
1558:ethane
1507:playas
1396:poljes
1241:Alaska
1235:These
1128:, for
1106:runoff
1068:, and
1000:; and
990:relict
958:. The
932:screes
721:Oregon
713:lahars
697:Oregon
619:saline
607:horsts
594:, the
514:Saturn
503:scales
469:stream
450:Canada
313:German
149:rivers
145:creeks
98:rivers
6884:Lakes
6822:Levee
6812:Ditch
6802:Canal
6673:Guyot
6592:Coast
6572:Atoll
6537:Fjord
6532:Esker
6522:ArĂȘte
6494:Swamp
6482:mouth
6477:delta
6472:River
6457:Oasis
6447:Levee
6425:Cliff
6405:Beach
6372:Plain
6341:Ridge
6329:range
6309:Butte
6282:Earth
6174:(PDF)
6167:(PDF)
5882:S2CID
5707:S2CID
5559:S2CID
5531:(PDF)
5082:S2CID
5022:S2CID
4914:(PDF)
4798:(PDF)
4791:(PDF)
4323:S2CID
4255:S2CID
4073:S2CID
3822:S2CID
3675:JSTOR
3599:S2CID
3560:(PDF)
3529:(PDF)
3475:S2CID
3359:Black
3333:Notes
3264:Liman
3138:Huron
3049:are:
3027:Alert
2996:Luzon
2979:, in
2667:, is
2605:Latin
2601:lacus
2597:lacus
2521:Titan
2400:, or
2363:reeds
2359:marsh
2355:swamp
2069:algae
1566:Titan
1505:, or
1298:flora
1294:fauna
1171:See:
1166:levee
1146:parks
1095:basin
970:Wales
930:, or
918:of a
842:levee
672:maars
524:Types
510:Titan
465:river
342:ponds
335:leach
326:lĂŠkur
317:Lache
287:Dutch
280:*
278:root
269:*
121:ponds
108:with
94:ocean
86:basin
6842:Road
6756:Dune
6582:Cape
6462:Pond
6435:Lake
6415:Cave
6319:Hill
6314:Flat
6230:Lake
6182:2012
6138:2020
6070:2022
6041:2018
6029:NASA
6010:2008
5985:2022
5955:2022
5912:2023
5874:PMID
5843:link
5772:ISBN
5666:ISBN
5607:ISBN
5581:ISBN
5460:PMID
5375:2017
5347:ISBN
5307:PMID
5051:2018
4977:ISBN
4946:help
4891:ISBN
4827:ISBN
4806:2017
4723:ISBN
4698:ISBN
4640:ISBN
4580:ISBN
4493:ISSN
4444:ISBN
4419:ISSN
4370:ISSN
4315:PMID
4271:2021
4247:ISSN
4190:ISSN
4141:PMID
4123:ISSN
4065:ISSN
4013:ISSN
3961:ISSN
3916:2023
3886:2012
3814:ISSN
3755:ISSN
3727:ISBN
3700:ISBN
3633:2013
3568:2009
3505:ISBN
3467:ISSN
3417:2008
3361:and
3345:The
3325:Tarn
3295:Loch
3140:and
3088:Asia
3005:The
2986:The
2960:and
2848:salt
2842:and
2817:and
2815:Peru
2739:The
2652:The
2625:The
2589:Moon
2574:Mars
2438:Utah
2371:peat
2071:and
1959:sand
1955:silt
1679:and
1671:and
1650:and
1560:and
1449:and
1414:Vlei
1296:and
1155:The
1148:and
1144:for
1046:Peat
986:arid
809:The
627:salt
605:and
377:One
371:lake
367:pond
359:lake
351:lake
333:and
331:leak
300:lÄke
291:laak
282:leÇ”-
271:lakĆ
261:lacu
252:lake
244:lake
200:and
147:and
78:lake
34:and
6807:Dam
6577:Bay
6284:'s
6105:doi
6093:116
5904:VOA
5866:doi
5862:308
5699:doi
5644:doi
5551:doi
5508:doi
5496:158
5452:doi
5440:211
5297:PMC
5287:doi
5201:doi
5189:248
5160:doi
5148:147
5117:doi
5105:122
5074:doi
5014:doi
4969:doi
4922:doi
4854:doi
4764:doi
4752:113
4690:doi
4485:doi
4473:198
4409:doi
4362:doi
4350:209
4307:doi
4295:445
4237:hdl
4229:doi
4180:doi
4131:PMC
4115:doi
4055:doi
4003:doi
3951:doi
3804:hdl
3794:doi
3667:doi
3591:doi
3549:doi
3537:115
3459:doi
3017:of
2936:in
2886:on
2871:in
2813:in
2734:bay
2720:in
2712:is
2673:sea
2656:is
2420:in
2416:or
2412:in
2375:fen
2357:or
2287:.
2248:.
2091:).
2041:or
2031:or
1957:or
1934:in
1761:of
1721:by
1497:or
1487:An
1476:or
1433:An
1239:in
1206:or
1136:or
1008:in
898:of
695:in
467:or
177:),
6880::
6232:â
6128:.
6103:.
6091:.
6087:.
6058:.
6027:.
6001:.
5975:.
5971:.
5946:.
5902:.
5880:.
5872:.
5860:.
5839:}}
5835:{{
5827:.
5754:87
5743:.
5705:.
5697:.
5687:29
5685:.
5642:.
5632:76
5630:.
5591:^
5557:.
5549:.
5539:41
5537:.
5533:.
5506:.
5494:.
5458:.
5450:.
5438:.
5383:^
5319:^
5305:.
5295:.
5285:.
5275:42
5273:.
5269:.
5248:^
5240:99
5238:.
5226:^
5199:.
5187:.
5174:^
5158:.
5146:.
5142:.
5129:^
5115:.
5103:.
5080:.
5070:26
5068:.
5042:.
5020:.
5012:.
5000:.
4975:.
4938::
4936:}}
4932:{{
4916:.
4866:^
4778:^
4762:.
4750:.
4746:.
4696:.
4654:^
4594:^
4546:^
4505:^
4491:.
4483:.
4471:.
4467:.
4417:.
4407:.
4397:38
4395:.
4391:.
4368:.
4360:.
4348:.
4344:.
4321:.
4313:.
4305:.
4293:.
4289:.
4253:.
4245:.
4235:.
4227:.
4217:44
4215:.
4211:.
4188:.
4178:.
4168:57
4166:.
4162:.
4139:.
4129:.
4121:.
4113:.
4101:.
4097:.
4085:^
4071:.
4063:.
4053:.
4043:56
4041:.
4037:.
4025:^
4011:.
4001:.
3991:51
3989:.
3985:.
3973:^
3959:.
3949:.
3939:15
3937:.
3933:.
3906:.
3902:.
3872:.
3868:.
3846:.
3842:.
3820:.
3812:.
3802:.
3792:.
3782:41
3780:.
3776:.
3749:.
3673:.
3665:.
3655:42
3653:.
3619:.
3597:.
3587:71
3585:.
3547:.
3535:.
3531:.
3487:^
3473:.
3465:.
3457:.
3447:48
3445:.
3441:.
3425:^
3393:.
3154:â
3132:â
3118:â
3104:â
3090:â
3080:â
3066:â
3056:â
3021:,
2975:,
2922:,
2724:.
2675:,
2603:,
2557:Io
2471:.
2456:.
2440:.
2396:,
2319:,
2131:.
2112:.
2009:,
1988:,
1942:.
1906:,
1896:.
1861:.
1819:.
1813:pH
1811:,
1807:,
1788:,
1687:.
1638:A
1615:A
1577:A
1529:A
1512:A
1468:A
1439:pH
1376:.
1349:,
1152:.
1108:,
1064:,
942:.
926:,
906:.
844:.
773:,
769:,
719:,
682:.
657:,
641:.
520:.
494:.
448:.
413:).
337:.
311:,
307:,
184:,
76:A
6274:e
6267:t
6260:v
6184:.
6140:.
6113:.
6107::
6099::
6072:.
6043:.
6012:.
5987:.
5957:.
5914:.
5888:.
5868::
5845:)
5831:.
5780:.
5713:.
5701::
5693::
5650:.
5646::
5638::
5615:.
5565:.
5553::
5545::
5514:.
5510::
5502::
5466:.
5454::
5446::
5377:.
5313:.
5289::
5281::
5207:.
5203::
5195::
5168:.
5162::
5154::
5123:.
5119::
5111::
5088:.
5076::
5053:.
5028:.
5016::
5008::
5002:9
4985:.
4971::
4948:)
4928:.
4924::
4897:.
4856::
4835:.
4808:.
4772:.
4766::
4758::
4731:.
4706:.
4692::
4648:.
4588:.
4499:.
4487::
4479::
4452:.
4425:.
4411::
4403::
4376:.
4364::
4356::
4329:.
4309::
4301::
4273:.
4239::
4231::
4223::
4196:.
4182::
4174::
4147:.
4117::
4109::
4103:6
4079:.
4057::
4049::
4019:.
4005::
3997::
3967:.
3953::
3945::
3918:.
3888:.
3828:.
3806::
3796::
3788::
3761:.
3735:.
3708:.
3681:.
3669::
3661::
3635:.
3605:.
3593::
3570:.
3551::
3543::
3513:.
3481:.
3461::
3453::
3419:.
3112:.
3074:.
3002:.
2944:.
2897:.
2736:.
2294:)
2290:(
2255:)
2251:(
1744:)
1738:(
1733:)
1729:(
1715:.
1654:.
1598:.
1465:.
1398:.
892:.
750:.
399:;
389:;
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.