Lagash - Knowledge

1016: 650: 3009: 1925: 547: 825: 2096: 926:). Unlike the 1st Dynasty of Lagash, this series of rulers used year names. Two of Ur-Ningirsu are known including "year: Ur-Ningirsu (became) ruler". His few inscriptions are religious in nature. Almost nothing is known of his son and successor. The next three rulers, Lu-Baba, Lugula, and Kaku are known only from their first year names. The following ruler, Ur-Baba, is notable mainly because three of his daughters married later rulers of Lagash, Gudea, Nam-mahani, and Ur-gar. His inscriptions are all of a religious nature, including building or restoring the "Eninnu, the White Thunderbird". Five of his year names are known. At this point Lagash is still at best a small local power. In some case the absolute order of rulers is not known with complete certainty. 1110: 861: 2663: 849: 837: 2830: 1331: 2483: 706: 1870: 722: 496: 2036: 1314: 1209: 1509: 63: 2235: 662: 1976: 601:"For the god Hendursag, chief herald of the Abzu En-anatum, ler of ß ... When the god Enlil(?)], for the god gs, took from the hands of Gisa (Umma) and filled En-anatum’s hands with it, Ur-LUM-ma, ruler of Gisa (Umma), i and transgressed the bounry-channel of the god Ningirsu (and said): ... En-anatum crushed Ur-LUM-ma, ruler of Gisa (Umma) as far as E-kisura (“Boundary) Channel”) of the god Ninœirsu. He pursued him into the ... of (the town) LUM-ma-girnunta. (En-anatum) gagged (Ur-LUM-ma) (against future land claims)" 360: 1057: 682: 2153: 1818: 1179: 379: 1004: 1659: 56: 1607: 2757: 881: 1492: 459:, he claimed to have conquered in battle. Almost all deal with the construction of temples, one details how he "built the wester channel at the side of Sa/ channel at the side of S (against) the Amorites". He is described as the "son of Gu-NI.DU" (occasionally as "son of Gur:SAR"), and his inscriptions list a number of sons and daughters. Several inscription say "He mun sub (to Lagaß) as tribute." His son 542:"Eanatum, ruler of Lagash, uncle of Enmetena ruler of Lagash, demarcated the border with Enakale, ruler of Umma. He extended the channel from the Nun-channel to Guʾedena, leaving a 215-nindan of Ningirsu’s land under Umma’s control, establishing a no-man’s land there. He inscribed monuments at that channel, and restored the monument of Mesalim, but did not cross into the plain of Umma. " 649: 1769: 339: 964:, ruler of Ur, and during a time of Gutian power, a number of researchers contend that Gudea's rule overlaps with that of Ur-Nammu and the Gutians had already been defeated. This view is strengthened by the fact that Ur-Baba appointed Enanepada as high preiestess of Ur while Naram-Sin of Akkad had appointed her predecessor Enmenana and Ur-Namma of Ur appointed her successor Ennirgalana. 1031:

research. A drone survey determined that Lagash developed on four marsh islands some of which were gated. The notion that the city was marsh-based is in contention. Estimates of its area range from 400 to 600 hectares (990 to 1,480 acres). The site is divided by the bed of a canal/river, which runs diagonally through the mound. The site was first excavated, for six weeks, by

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with plano-convex mud bricks, which was a very common material up to the late Early Dynastic III period. Additionally, foundations are found under the temple-building. They are composed of rectangular areas of various sizes, some as solid mud bricks and some as cavities of broken pieces of alluvial mud and layers of sand, then capped again with mud bricks.

1153:. The focus was on an industrial area and associated streets, residences, and kilns. Aerial mapping of Lagash, both using UAV drone mapping and satellite imagery was performed. In the fall of 2022 a 4th season of excavation resumed. Among the finds were a public eatery with ovens, a refrigeration system, benches, and large numbers of bowls and beakers. 613:"Urlumma, ruler of Umma, diverted water into the boundary-channel of Ningirsu and the boundary-channel of Nan-she. He set fire to their monuments and smashed them, and destroyed the established chapels of the gods that were built on the boundary-levee called Namnunda-kigara. He recruited foreigners and transgressed the boundary-ditch of Ningirsu." 1517:

northern courtyards. Sealings made in the “piedmont” style which are found in the rooms share a resemblance with the Seal Impression Strata of Ur and sealings from Inanna Temple at Nippur, indicating the administrative nature of the buildings. Apart from institutional objects, fireplaces, bins and pottery were found in the rooms as well.

1039:"To be sure, the difficulties involved were known, at least after Koldewey’s disaster in el-Hibba where, unprepared to deal with structures of unbaked material, he did not recognize the walls but only those baked bricks which had been used for lining graves, leading him to conclude that el-Hibba was nothing but an extended burial place." 824: 586:, set out with his army to defeat the nearby city. According to the Stele's engravings, when the two sides met each other in the field, Eannatum dismounted from his chariot and proceeded to direct his men on foot. After lowering their spears, the Lagash army advanced upon the army from Umma in a dense 1030:

Lagash is one of the largest archaeological sites in the region, measuring roughly 3.5 kilometers north to south and 1.5 kilometers east to west though is relatively low being only 6 meters above the plain level at maximum. Much of the older area is under the current water table and not available for

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A 2-m wide wall that runs from the south to the north is found on the eastern part of Area G. The features of the curving wall and the rooms found near it are determined to be different from other oval temples built in the Early Dynastic in other major states. Intrusive vertical drains are found at

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5 building levels are found in the area. There is little information about Levels I and IIA as they were poorly preserved without sealed floor deposits. In Levels IIB, III and IV, changes can be found in the building complex with reconstructions. In Level III, benches are built near the eastern and

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Two more levels are present beneath Level I. Interestingly, all of them are similar to each other in terms of layout and construction materials. During the process of building on top of each other, workers at that time would choose to destroy some portions while keeping some others, leading to much

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Michalowski, Piotr, "Networks of Authority and Power in Ur III Times", in From the 21st Century B.C. to the 21st Century A.D.: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neo-Sumerian Studies Held in Madrid, 22–24 July 2010, edited by Steven J. Garfinkle and Manuel Molina, University Park, USA:

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An excavator believes that the 3HB Building was a “kitchen temple” that aimed at meeting some of the god’s demands. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the building was a shrine in the Bagara complex as it shared more similarities with other temples than kitchens in terms of layout, features

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For the temple-building, it is connected to the courtyard with steps. Twenty-five rooms have been excavated inside the building, in which the western ones would open up to the outside of the temple with corridors and form a tripartite entrance. Both the temple-building and the oval wall were built

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are known to have existed but have not yet been found. A canal linked the E-ninnu temple of Ningirsu at Girsu, the E-sirara temple of Nanshe at Nigin, and the Bagara temple at Lagash, the three cities being part of one large state. In 1984 a surface survey found that most finds were from the Early

994:

Under the control of Ur, the Lagash state (Lagash. Girsu, and Nigin) were the largest and most prosperous province of the empire. Such was its importance that the second highest official in the empire, the Grand Vizier, resided there. The name of one governor of Lagash under Ur is known, Ir-Nanna.

315:(c. 2900-2600 BC), surface surveys and excavations show that the peak occupation, with an area of about 500 hectares occurred during the Early Dynastic III period (c. 2500–2334 BC). The later corresponds with what is now called the First Dynasty of Lagash. Lagash then came under the control of the 976:

Little is known of the next ruler aside from his ascension year name and a handful of religious inscriptions. Nam-mahani is primarily known for being defeated by Ur-Nammu, first ruler of the Ur III empire and being considered the last ruler of the second dynasty of Lagash (often called the Gudean

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Gudea was succeeded by his son Ur-Ningirsu, followed by Ur-gar. Little is known about either aside from an ascension year name each and a small handful of inscriptions. It has been suggested that two other brief rulers fit into the sequence here, Ur-ayabba and Ur-Mama but the evidence for that is

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Entemena was succeeded by his brother Enannatum II, with only one known inscription where he "restored for the god Ningirsu his brewery". He was followed by two more minor rulers, Enentarzi (only one inscription from his 5 year reign, which mentions his daughter Gem-Baba), and Lugalanda (several

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Romano, Licia, "Urnanshe’s Family and the Evolution of Its Inside Relationships as Shown by Images", La famille dans le Proche-Orient ancien: réalités, symbolismes et images: Proceedings of the 55e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Paris, edited by Lionel Marti, University Park, USA: Penn

634:, was known for his judicial, social, and economic reforms, and his may well be the first legal code known to have existed. He was defeated by Lugalzagesi, beginning when Lugalzagesi was ruler of Umma and culminating as ruler of Uruk, bringing an end to the First Dynasty of Lagash. About 1800 5011:

Harper, Prudence O., "Tomorrow We Dig! Excerpts from Vaughn E. Crawford’s Letters and Newsletters from al-Hiba"., Leaving No Stones Unturned: Essays on the Ancient Near East and Egypt in Honor of Donald P. Hansen, edited by Erica Ehrenberg, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press,

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and the temple Bagara of Ningirsu, as well as an associated administrative area. The team returned 12 years later, in 1990, for a sixth and final season of excavation led by D. P. Hansen. The work primarily involved areas adjacent to an, as yet, unexcavated temple Ibgal of the goddess

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Pittman, Holly, and Darren P. Ashby, "A Report on the Final Publication of the Excavations of the Tell al-Hiba Expedition, 1968–1990", in Ancient Lagash Current Research and Future Trajectories - Proceedings of the Workshop held at the 10th ICAANE in Vienna, April 2016, pp. 115–122,

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and Elam. Twenty of Gudea's year names are known. All are of a religious nature except for one that marks the building of a canal and year six "Year in which the city of Anszan was smitten by weapons". While the conventional view has been that the reign of Gudea fell well before that of

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Three building levels were discovered and 3HB III is the earliest and most well-preserved level. 3HB II and 3HB I shared the same layout with 3HB III. All three levels have a central niched-and-buttressed building which is surrounded by a low enclosure wall with unknown height.

407:, was described by its translator as "rather fanciful" and is generally considered to be a satirical parody of the SKL. The thirty listed rulers, in the style of the SKL, having improbable reigns, include seven known rulers from the 1st Dynasty of Lagash, including 533:

A long running border dispute, dating back at least to the time of Lugalshaengur, existed between the city-states of Umma and Lagash. In the time of Umma ruler Mesilim a formal border was established. Eannatum restored the border, including the boundary markers of

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Zarins, Juris, "Magan Shipbuilders at the Ur III Lagash State Dockyards (2062-2025 BC)", in Intercultural Relations Between South and Southwest Asia. Studies in Commemoration of ECL During Caspers (1934–1996), Oxford: BAR International Series (1826), pp. 209-229,

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It has been suggested that the 4HB Building is a brewery as ovens and storage vats and a tablet mentioning “the brewery” and “a brewer” were found. An alternate proposal is that 4HB building is a kitchen as it shared lots of similarities with temple kitchens at

1076:. The team was led by Vaughn E. Crawford, and included Donald P. Hansen and Robert D. Biggs. Twelve archaeological layers were found with the bottom 9 being Early Dynastic and the lowest under the water table. The primary focus was the excavation of the temple 938:

had partially filled the power vacuum left by the fall of the Akkadian Empire, under Gudea Lagash entered a period of independence marked by riches and power. Thousands of inscriptions of various sorts have been found from his reign and an untold number of

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Rimush introduced mass slaughter and large scale destruction of the Sumerian city-states, and maintained meticulous records of his destruction. Most of the major Sumerian cities were destroyed, and Sumerian human losses were enormous: for the cities of

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Al-Hamdani, Abdulameer, "The Lagash Plain During the First Sealand Dynasty (1721–1340 BCE)", in Ancient Lagash Current Research and Future Trajectories - Proceedings of the Workshop held at the 10th ICAANE in Vienna, April 2016, pp. 161–179,

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AO 2678) has been attributed to Rimush on stylistic and epigraphical grounds. One of the fragments mentions Akkad and Lagash. It is thought that the stele represents the defeat of Lagash by the troops of Akkad. The stele was excavated in ancient

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Renette, Steve, "Some Observations on Regional Ceramic Traditions at al-Hiba/Lagash", in Ancient Lagash Current Research and Future Trajectories - Proceedings of the Workshop held at the 10th ICAANE in Vienna, April 2016, pp. 145–160,

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Goodman, Reed C., Steve Renette, and Elizabeth Carter, "The al-Hiba Survey Revisited", in Ancient Lagash Current Research and Future Trajectories - Proceedings of the Workshop held at the 10th ICAANE in Vienna, April 2016, pp. 115–122,

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it states "He slew Nam-ha-ni the ensi of Lagash". A number of his inscriptions were defaced and the statues of Nam-mahani and his wife were beheaded (the head were not found with the statues by Ur-Nammu in what is usually called an act of

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Ashby, Darren P., and Holly Pittman, "The Excavations at Tell al-Hiba–Areas A, B, and G", in Ancient Lagash Current Research and Future Trajectories - Proceedings of the Workshop held at the 10th ICAANE in Vienna, April 2016, pp. 87-114,

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Area G is located at the midway of Area B in the North and Area A in the South. First excavated by Dr Donald P. Hansen in season 3H, Area G consists of a building complex and a curving wall which are separated by around 30-40m.

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Ira M. Price, "The great cylinder inscriptions A & B of Gudea: copied from the original clay cylinders of the Telloh Collection preserved in the Louvre. Transliteration, translation, notes, full vocabulary and sign-lifts",

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Muhammed, Qassim M., Muhanad Alrakabi, and Jabbar M. Rashid, "Assessment of natural radioactivity in building material of the ancient city of Tell-Al Hiba in Thi-Qar southern Iraq", Res Militaris 12.2, pp. 3551–3561,

483:"Eannatum, ruler of Lagash, granted strength by Enlil, nourished with special milk by Ninhursag, nominated by Ningirsu, chosen in her heart by Nanshe, son of Akurgal ruler of Lagash, defeated mountainous Elam, defeated 475:(earlier referred to as "Eannadu"), son of Akurgal and grandson of Ur-Nanshe, turned Lagash into a major power extending throughout large areas of Mesopotamia and to the east as well. In an inscription found at ancient 860: 3500:

Douglas Frayne, "Lagas", in Presargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC), RIM The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Volume 1, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 77-293, 2008 ISBN 9780802035868

546: 4306:

E. Hammer. Multi-centric, marsh-based urbanism at the early Mesopotamian city of Lagash (Tell al-Hiba, Iraq). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. Vol. 68, December 2022, 101458. doi: 10.1016/j.jaa.2022.101458

526:; however, many of the realms he conquered were often in revolt. During his reign, temples and palaces were repaired or erected at Lagash and elsewhere and canals and reservoirs were excavated. During his reign, 1338:

The excavators discovered five building levels. The layout of 4HB V cannot be obtained due to limited exploration. 4HB IV-4HB I shared the same layout. 4HB IVB was the first level that was exposed completely.

911:. It has been suggested that another governor, Ur-e, fell between them. After the death of Shar-Kali-shari Puzur-Mama declared Lagash independent (known from an inscription that may also mention Elamite ruler 3590:" in Altaweel, M. and Hritz, C. (eds.), From Sherds to Landscapes: Studies on the Ancient Near East in Honor of McGuire Gibson. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, pp. 109–32, 2021 1534:

Although the first dynasty of Lagash has become well-known based off of mentions on inscriptions contemporaneous with other dynasties from the Early Dynastic (ED) III period; it was not inscribed onto the

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is believed to be the first ruler of Lagash. A tablet with his name describes a business transaction, in which a possible King En-hegal buys land. Both his status and date are disputed. He was followed by

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Winter, Irene J., "After the Battle Is Over: The ‘Stele of the Vultures’ and the Beginning of Historical Narrative in the Art of the Ancient Near East", Studies in the History of Art, vol. 16, pp. 11–32,

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tablets from the reigns of the last three rulers of Lagash, of an administrative nature, have been found, mostly. The tablets are mostly from the "woman’s quarter" also known as the temple of the goddess

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Pittman, Holly, et al., "Response to Emily Hammer’s article:“Multi-centric, Marsh-based urbanism at the early Mesopotamian city of Lagash (Tell al Hiba, Iraq)”", Journal of Anthropological Archaeology,

1015: 1145:. A second season ran from October to November in 2021. A third season ran from March 6 to April 10, 2022. The work primarily involved the Early Dynastic Period Area G and Area H locations along with 5001:

Foxvog D.A., "Aspects of Name-Giving in Presargonic Lagash", in W. Heimpel – G. Frantz- Szabó (eds.), Strings and Threads: A Celebration of the Work of Anne Draffkorn Kilmer, Winona Lake, 59-97, 2011

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Fragments of the Victory Stele of Rimush. The Victory Stele also has an epigraphic fragment, mentioning Akkad and Lagash. It suggests the stele represents the defeat of Lagash by the troops of Akkad.

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Thomas, Ariane, "The Faded Splendour of Lagashite Princesses: A Restored Statuette from Tello and the Depiction of Court Women in the Neo-Sumerian Kingdom of Lagash", Iraq 78, pp. 215–239, 2016

836: 3609: 3670:

Cooper, Jerrold S., "Sumerian and Akkadian Royal Inscriptions, I. Presargonic Inscriptions", The American Oriental Society Translation Series 1, New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1986

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S. Renette, "Lagash I: The Ceramic Corpus from Al-Hiba, 1968–1990 A Chrono-Typology of the Pottery Tradition in Southern Mesopotamia during the 3rd and Early 2nd Millenium BCE", Brepols, 2021

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Joachim Marzahn, "Altsumerische Verwaltungstexteaus Girsu/Lagaš. Vorderasiatische Schriftdenkmälerder Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, Neue Folge Heft IX (Heft XXV), Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 1991

1542:. The first dynasty of Lagash preceded the dynasty of Akkad in a time in which Lagash exercised considerable influence in the region. The following list should not be considered complete: 597:. Given the many inscriptions his reign is assumed to be of some length. Most of them detailed the usual temple construction. On long tablet described the continued conflict with Umma: 590:. After a brief clash, Eannatum and his army had gained victory over the army of Umma. This battle is one of the earliest depicted organised battles known to scholars and historians. 1134: 1047:

and Fuad Safar in 1953, finding the first evidence of its identification as Lagash. The major polity in the region of al-Hiba and Tello had formerly been identified as ŠIR.BUR.LA (

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for several centuries. With the fall of that empire, Lagash had a period of revival as an independent power during the 2nd Dynasty of Lagash before coming under the control of the

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Located 360 meters southeast of Area B. It contains a large Early Dynastic administrative area with two building levels (1A and 1B). In level 1B were found sealing and tablets of

867: 4088:

Suter, Claudia E, "Who are the Women in Mesopotamian Art from ca. 2334-1763 BCE?", Who are the Women in Mesopotamian Art from ca. 2334-1763 BCE?", Kaskal, vol. 5, 1000-1055, 2008

5151: 1190:(ED I) to Ur III. It was used for both daily worship activities and festive celebrations, particularly for the queen of Lagash during the Barley and Malt-eating festivals of 4115:

Zarins, Juris, "Lagash and the Gutians: a study of late 3rd millennium BC Mesopotamian archaeology, texts and politics", In Context: the Reade Festschrift, pp. 11-42, 2020

403:(SKL) despite being a power in the Early Dynastic period and a major city in the centuries that followed. One tablet, from the later Old Babylonian period and known as 3599:

Jerrold S. Cooper, "Reconstructing History from Ancient Inscriptions:The Lagash-Umma Border Conflict", Sources from the Ancient Near East 2/1; Malibu, CA: Undena, 1983

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The cuneiform text states that Enannatum I reminds the gods of his prolific temple achievements in Lagash. Circa 2400 BC. From Girsu, Iraq. The British Museum, London

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the base of the plano-convex foundation. Archaeologists excavated further deeper to the water level during season 4H and found extensive Early Dynastic I deposits.

558:, giving the city of Umma's account of its long-running border dispute with Lagash. The vase redefines the frontier by recording the locations of stelae to the god 661: 5045:

Mudar, K., "Early Dynastic III animal utilization in Lagash: a report on the fauna of Tell al-Hiba", Journal of Near Eastern Studies 41 (1), pp. 23–34, 1982

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Barton, George A., "The Babylonian Calendar in the Reigns of Lugalanda and Urkagina", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 251–71, 1911

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Renette, Steve, "Painted Pottery from Al-Hiba: Godin Tepe III Chronology and Interactions between Ancient Lagash and Elam", Iran, vol. 53, pp. 49–63, 2015

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Stephens, Ferris J., "Notes on Some Economic Texts of the Time of Urukagina", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 49, no. 3, 1955, pp. 129–36

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Unearthing the archaeological passing of time at Lagash, a site in southern Iraq - Michele W. Berger, University of Pennsylvania - Phys.org - January 24, 2023

681: 5033:

Marchesi, Gianni, "Notes on Two Alleged Literary Texts from Al-Hiba/Lagaš", Studi Epigrafici e Linguistici sul Vicino Oriente Antico 16, pp. 3–17, 1999

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Level I consists of an oval wall on the Northeast end, surrounding an extensive courtyard. The fragments, together comparison to another Sumerian temple at

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With the fall of Akkad, Lagash achieved full independence under Ur-Ningirsu I (not to be confused with the later Lagash ruler named Ur-Ningirsu, the son of

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Foster, Benjamin R. and Foster, Karen Polinger, "Early City-States", Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 35-50, 2009

705: 5022:

Hussey, Mary Inda, "A Statuette of the Founder of the First Dynasty of Lagash", Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 28.2, pp. 81–83, 1931

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Suter, Claudia E., "A New Edition of the Lagaš II Royal Inscriptions Including Gudea’s Cylinders", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 50, pp. 67–75, 1998

291:(modern Telloh), about 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Lagash, was the religious center of the Lagash state. The Lagash state's main temple was the 4696:

Beld, S. G., "The queen of Lagash: ritual economy in a Sumerian State", Ph.D Dissertation, Near East Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2002

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increased the power of Lagash during his rule. A number of inscriptions from his reign are known. He was a contemporary of Lugalkinishedudu of Uruk.

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thin. Two tablets dated to the reign of Ur-Nammu of Ur refer to Ur-ayabba as "ensi" of Lagash, meaning governor in Ur III terms and king in Lagash.

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After the fifth year of the last Ur II ruler, Ibbi-Sin, his year name was no longer used at Lagash, indicating Ur no longer controlled that city.

487:, defeated Umma, defeated Ur. At that time, he built a well of fired bricks for Ningirsu in his (Ningirsu’s) broad courtyard. His personal god is 4809:

Donald P. Hansen, "Royal building activity at Sumerian Lagash in the Early Dynastic Period", Biblical Archaeologist, vol. 55, pp. 206–11, 1992

4687:

Darren Ashby, "Late Third Millennium Bce Religious Architecture At Tell Al-Hiba, Ancient Lagash", Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations, 2017

3390: 1904: 3533: 443:, who called himself King of Kish though it is uncertain which city he was from, named Lugalshaengur as an "ensi" of Lagash on a mace head. 514:

Another inscription detail his destruction of "Kiß, Akßak, and Mari at a place named Antasur". He also claimed to have taken the city of

4818:

Bahrani, Zainab, "The administrative building at Tell Al Hiba, Lagash", (Volumes I and II), Ph.D Dissertation, New York University, 1989.

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pottery shards were found in a surface survey, significant occupation at the site of Lagash began early in the 3rd Millennium BC, in the

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Volk, K., "Puzur-Mama und die Reise des Königs", Zeitschrift fiir Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete, vol. 82 (ZA. 82), Berlin, 1992

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Ochsenschlager, Edward, "Mud objects from al-Hiba: a study in ancient and modern technology", Archaeology 27.3, pp. 162–174, 1974

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Irrigation in 3rd millennium southern Mesopotamia: cuneiform evidence from the Early Dynastic IIIB City-State of Lagash (2475–2315 BC)

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Dynastic III period. Small amounts of Uruk, Jemdet Nasr, Isin-Larsa, Old Babylonian and Kassite shards were found in isolated areas.

721: 3522:

Curchin, Leonard, "Eannatum and the Kings of Adab", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 93–95, 1977

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Maekawa, Kazuya, "The erín-people in Lagash of Ur III times", Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 70.1, pp. 9-44, 1976

5171: 3163: 1170:, this temple complex was actually named Eanna during the Ur periods, while Inanna’s sanctuary within Eanna was known as Ibgal. 1129:

In March–April 2019, field work resumed as the Lagash Archaeological Project under the directorship of Dr. Holly Pittman of the

5131: 2095: 955:. He was prolific at temple building and restoring. He is known to have conducted some military operations to the east against 4297:

Frayne, Douglas, "Ibbi-Sîn E3/2.1.5", in Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC), Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 361-392, 1997

3715:

Foxvog, Daniel A., "A New Lagaš Text Bearing on Uruinimgina’s Reforms", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 46, pp. 11–15, 1994

3688:

Barton, George A., "A New Inscription of Entemena", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 262–65, 1931

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Hansen, D. P., "Lagaš. B. Archäologisch", Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 6: 422–30, 1980–1983

4541: 4180: 4127:

H. Steible, "Neusumerische Bau- und Weihinschriften, Teil 1: Inschriften der II. Dynastie von Lagas", FAOS9/1, Stuttgart 1991

4003: 3923: 3835: 3808: 3655: 3553: 3279: 3193: 5074:

Garcia-Ventura, Agnès, and Fumi Karahashi, "Overseers of textile workers in presargonic Lagash", KASKAL, pp. 1–19, 2016

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Hansen, Donald P, "A sculpture of Gudea, governor of Lagash", Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 64.1, pp. 4-19, 1988

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Lambert, Maurice, "La guerre entre Urukagina et Lugalzagesi", Rivista Degli Studi Orientali, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 29–66, 1966

118: 4685: 3697:

Gadd, C. J., "Entemena : A New Incident", Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 125–26, 1930

1109: 5025:

Jagersma, Bram, "The calendar of the funerary cult in ancient Lagash", Bibliotheca Orientalis 64.3, pp. 289–307, 2007

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Maekawa, Kazuya, "The agricultural texts of Ur III Lagash of the British Museum (V)", Acta Sumerologica 3, pp. 37-61, 1981

4609: 4553: 4442: 4154: 4151: 1187: 848: 312: 4278:

Maekawa, Kazuya, "The agricultural texts of Ur III Lagash of the British Museum (VIII)", ASJ, vol. 14, pp. 145-169, 1992

3761: 5084: 5048: 4242:

Maeda, Tohru, "Two Rulers by the Name of Ur-Ningirsu in Pre-Ur III Lagash", acta sumerologica Japan 10, pp. 19–35, 1988

4220:

Steinkeller, Piotr, "The Date of Gudea and His Dynasty", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 47–53, 1988

3636:

Alster, Bendt., "Images and Text on the ‘Stele of the Vultures.’", Archiv Für Orientforschung, vol. 50, pp. 1–10, 2003

574:

fell out with each other after a border dispute over the Guʾedena, a fertile area lying between them. As described in

4982: 5042:

Mercer, Samuel AB, "Divine service in Early Lagash", Journal of the American Oriental Society, pp. 91–104, 1922

5031: 4632: 4383:

Falkenstein, Adam, "Die Inschriften Gudeas von Lagaš", Analecta Orientalia 30, Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1966

1146: 5036:

Maeda T., "Work Concerning Irrigation Canals in Pre-Sargonic Lagash", Acta Sumerologica Japaniensia 6, 33-53, 1984

3568:

Vukosavović, Filip, "On Some Early Dynastic Lagaš Temples", Die Welt Des Orients, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 126–30, 2014

753:

and E-Ninmar and "laid waste" the territory from Lagash to the sea, and from there went on to conquer and destroy

5039:

Maekawa K., "The Development of the é-mí in Lagash during Early Dynastic III", Mesopotamia 8-9, 77-144, 1973-1974

3851: 3679:

Nies, James B., "A Net Cylinder of Entemena", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 36, pp. 137–39, 1916

3412: 1024: 4597:

The Structure and Hydrology of the Early Dynastic City of Lagash (Tell al-Hiba) from Satellite and Aerial Images

4191:

Bartash, Vitali, "Gudea's Iranian Slaves: An Anatomy of Transregional Forced Mobility", Iraq 84, pp. 25-42, 2022

4138:

Pre-Ur III administrative cuneiform tablets in the British Museum. I. Texts from the archives of Gudea's Dynasty

5094: 3510: 3168: 4070:

Edzard, Sibylle, "Ur-Ningirsu I", Gudea and his Dynasty, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 7-11, 1997

2662: 4612:", Video Presentation for the Archaeological Institute of America, National Lecture Program, March 21, 2023 4460: 4400:

2nd Ed. Vol. I. Ed. by A. H. Sayce, 1888. Accessed 19 Dec 2010. M. Amiaud notes that a Mr. Pinches (in his

4251:

Finkelstein, J. J., "The Laws of Ur-Nammu", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 22, no. 3/4, pp. 66–82, 1968

1748: 1586: 4643: 4079:

Edzard, Sibylle, "Pirig-me", Gudea and his Dynasty, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 12-13, 1997

806:

and Lagash, he records 8,049 killed, 5,460 "captured and enslaved" and 5,985 "expelled and annihilated".

4327: 4175:

Suter, Claudia E. Gudea's temple building: A comparison of written and pictorial accounts", Brill, 2000

4106:

Edzard, Sibylle, "Ur-Baba", Gudea and his Dynasty, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 15-25, 1997

5061:

Prentice, R., "The exchange of goods and services in pre-Sargonic Lagash", Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2010

4948: 4621: 4572: 1130: 1065: 1064:

Tell Al-Hiba was again explored in five seasons of excavation between 1968 and 1976 by a team from the

5126: 5085:

Drone photos reveal an early Mesopotamian city made of marsh islands - Science News - October 13, 2022

2829: 455:, a number of his inscriptions have been found, most at Lagash with one stele at Ur, which along with 55: 3513:", Oriental Institute Publications 138, Chicago, Ill, Univ. of Chicago Press, 2012 ISBN 9781885923639 5095:

Excavations in the Swamps of Sumer - Vaughn E. Crawford - Expedition Magazine Volume 14 Issue 2 1972

4097:

Heimpel, Wolfgang, "The Gates of the Eninnu", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 48, pp. 17–29, 1996

943:. A number of cuneiform tablets of an administrative nature, from Gudea's rule were found at nearby 370:. At the top he creates the foundation for a shrine, at the bottom he presides over the dedication ( 5181: 5161: 5028:

Kenoyer, J. M., "Shell artifacts from Lagash, al-Hiba", Sumer 46 (1/2), pp. 123–144, 1989-1990

4610:

Lagash Archaeological Project, Dhi Qar Province, Iraq: The First Four Seasons, 1LAP-4LAP, 2019-2022

3939: 3453: 842:

Possible victory stele of king Rimush (front). Generally attributed to Rimush on stylistic grounds.

3375:

Sollberger, Edmond. “The Rulers of Lagaš.” Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 21, pp. 279–91, 1967

1330: 1093:

was also worked on. Both were built by Early Dynastic III king Eannatum. Temples to the goddesses

630:

inscriptions, one mentions his wife Bara-namtara) the son of Enentarzi. The last ruler of Lagash,

2482: 1138: 935: 3491:

Jacobsen, Thorkild, "Ur-Nanshe’s Diorite Plaque", Orientalia, vol. 54, no. 1/2, pp. 65–72, 1985

1069: 3993: 3913: 3385: 1869: 495: 4404:) contended ŠIR.BUR.LA could be a logographic representation of "Lagash," but inconclusively. 3825: 3798: 3269: 575: 506:). His name "Eannatum" (𒂍𒀭𒈾𒁺) is written vertically in two columns in front of his head. 503: 328: 4622:

Iraq dig uncovers 5,000 year old pub restaurant - Phys.org - Asaad Niazi - February 15, 2023

287:) is around 10 km (6.2 mi) away and marks the southern limit of the state. Nearby 5186: 1313: 1208: 8: 4917: 2035: 1508: 1073: 276: 4973:

Robert D. Biggs, "Inscriptions from al-Hiba-Lagash : the first and second seasons",

4372: 866:

Man of Lagash, circa 2270 BC, from the Victory Stele. The same hairstyle can be seen in

4851: 4785: 4738: 4510: 4502: 4393: 4355: 4044: 4036: 3974: 3891: 3472:

Frayne, Douglas R., "Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Early Periods", RIME 1.08, 2007

3345: 3337: 2522: 1566: 1537: 1142: 900: 399: 24: 2234: 562:, as well as the distances between them. Circa 2350 BC. From Umma, Iraq. Ref. 140889, 5013: 4978: 4843: 4777: 4730: 4537: 4514: 4494: 4359: 4347: 4209: 4176: 4048: 3999: 3966: 3919: 3883: 3831: 3804: 3651: 3549: 3349: 3329: 3275: 3251: 3173: 1859: 1629: 1044: 983: 952: 912: 692: 587: 324: 320: 280: 248: 907:) and Puzur-Mama (under Shar-kali-shari), Lagash was still under the control of the 578:, of which only a portion has been found (7 fragments), the current king of Lagash, 4769: 4722: 4486: 4339: 4028: 3940:"Musée du Louvre-Lens - Portail documentaire - Stèle de victoire du roi Rimush (?)" 3541: 3321: 3230: 3217: 2694: 2575: 2405: 2017: 978: 940: 904: 214: 20: 5104: 1975: 5146: 5111: 4644:

Current Excavations Season 4: Fall 2022 - Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania

3800:

Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC: Holy Warriors at the Dawn of History

2385: 2350: 2316: 1691: 1077: 1032: 956: 948: 908: 794: 742: 359: 343: 316: 2152: 899:

During the reigns of the first two rulers of this dynasty Lugal-ushumgal (under

4374:

Nissen, Hans J., "Uruk and I", Cuneiform Digital Library Journal 2024 (1), 2024

3363: 2835: 2489: 1817: 1807: 1491: 1225: 1178: 1150: 563: 4490: 4343: 1570: 451:

While many details like the length of reign are not known for the next ruler,

378: 5140: 4847: 4781: 4734: 4498: 4415: 4351: 3970: 3887: 3545: 3333: 2987: 2735: 2601: 2194: 1665: 1102: 1056: 916: 892: 810: 640: 594: 507: 436: 133: 120: 3428: 1658: 1003: 3364:

Sumerian Diorite Head: Purchased from the Francis Bartlett Donation of 1912

2579: 2041: 1019:

Goddess Nisaba with an inscription of Entemena, ruler of Lagash (2430 BC),

915:). This independence appears to have been tenuous as Akkadian Empire ruler 519: 299:. The Lagash state incorporated the ancient cities of Lagash, Girsu, Nina. 284: 3869: 3867: 3865: 23:. For the fictional planet in the Asimov story also known as Kalgash, see 2811: 2807: 2276: 1930: 1606: 785: 781: 758: 559: 523: 476: 416: 308: 106: 4527:

Hansen, D. P., "The Sixth Season at Al-Hiba", Mār Šipri 3 (1): 1–3, 1990

3895: 3296:

Dense urbanism and economic multi-centrism at third-millennium BC Lagash

2756: 880: 4855: 4831: 4789: 4757: 4742: 4710: 4506: 4474: 4040: 3978: 3862: 3014: 2542: 1476: 488: 272: 256: 95: 4458:

Vaughn E. Crawford, "Inscriptions from Lagash, Season Four, 1975–76",

4019:

Foster, Benjamin R. (1985). "The Sargonic Victory Stele from Telloh".

3341: 3309: 5090:

University of Pennsylvania Lagash Current and Legacy excavations page

2717: 2240: 2158: 2101: 2077: 1774: 1008: 672: 635: 631: 551: 452: 412: 408: 386: 367: 260: 5089: 4921: 4773: 4726: 4032: 3874:

Heuzey, Léon (1895). "Le Nom d'Agadé Sur Un Monument de Sirpourla".

3907: 3905: 3325: 3059: 2886: 1981: 1965: 1914: 1875: 1613: 1480: 1265: 1201:, show that the wall should originally be approximately 130m long. 1198: 1094: 1090: 1020: 961: 712: 696: 623: 606: 583: 579: 555: 518:

and killed its king, Zuzu. Eannatum took the city of Uru'az on the

499: 472: 431: 382: 332: 296: 5121: 3764:", in Water Management in Ancient Civilizations, pp. 117-195, 2018 875: 2668: 1823: 1704: 1699: 1472: 789: 535: 460: 440: 420: 354: 292: 3902: 688: 323:. After the fall of Ur, there was some modest occupation in the 5132:

5,000-Year-Old Tavern With Food Still Inside Discovered in Iraq

2937: 1460: 1191: 1167: 1098: 1086: 1081: 769: 527: 515: 390: 371: 363: 264: 4428:

Donald P. Hansen, "Al-Hiba, 1970–1971: A Preliminary Report",

4413:

Donald P. Hansen, "Al-Hiba, 1968–1969: A Preliminary Report",

271:, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) east of the modern town of 4922:"Toward a Chronology of Early Dynastic Rulers in Mesopotamia" 4332:

Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie

2762: 1643: 1622: 1443: 1122: 944: 923: 888: 884: 815: 772:

faced widespread revolts, and had to reconquer the cities of

738: 424: 347: 288: 5105:

Lagash excavation site photographs at the Oriental Institute

1768: 1226:

Area B (3HB Building and 4HB Building at Bagara of Ningirsu)

338: 4443:

Al-Hiba: A summary of four seasons of excavation: 1968–1976

2198: 1125:, in monumental linear script and cuneiform script on clay. 887:

of Lagash (ruled c. 2144–2124 BC). Diorite statue found at

777: 762: 754: 746: 571: 484: 456: 268: 223: 232: 4949:"Brief notes on Lagash II chronology [CDLI Wiki]" 605:

The conflict from the Umma side of things from its ruler

229: 226: 3957:

McKeon, John F. X. (1970). "An Akkadian Victory Stele".

3366:", Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts, pp. 30-34, 1927 1089:

in the southwest edge of the city. The Bagara temple of

3063: 1456: 803: 773: 750: 4595:

Hammer, Emily, Elizabeth Stone, and Augusta McMahon. "

1216: 1118: 809:

A Victory Stele in several fragments (three in total,

668: 502:, King of Lagash, riding a war chariot (detail of the 241: 5152:

Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC

4328:"Die altbabylonischen Gräber in Surghul und El Hibba" 818:, one of the main cities of the territory of Lagash. 203:

Robert Koldewey, Vaughn E. Crawford, Donald P. Hansen

3706:

A. Deimel, "Die Reformtexte Urukaginas", Or. 2, 1920

3423: 3421: 1011:, Lagash was located near the shoreline of the gulf. 335:

era fortress was built there in the 2nd century BC.

220: 3827:

War Crimes, Genocide, and Justice: A Global History

1650:

One inscription known, recording a purchase of land

430:Little is known of the first two rulers of Lagash. 217: 3588:The Umma-Lagash Border Conflict: A View from Above 570:In c. 2450 BC, Lagash and the neighboring city of 331:periods. Lagash was then largely deserted until a 4987:R. D. Biggs, "Pre-Sargonic Riddles from Lagash", 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 3418: 5138: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 1317:3-D reconstruction of Area B by Dcldeobi (Front) 1182:3-D reconstruction of Area A by Keifuhui (Front) 1166:Though commonly known as Area A or the Ibgal of 1043:It was inspected during a survey of the area by 3876:Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale 1334:3-D reconstruction of Area B by Dcldeobi (Back) 876:Second dynasty of Lagash (c. 2260 – c. 2023 BC) 342:Location of Lagash before the expansion of the 5127:The Al-Hiba Publication Project - digitization 4932: 4233:Penn State University Press, pp. 169-206, 2013 4228: 4226: 4136:Molina Martos, Manuel, and Massimo Maiocchi, " 3413:Sumerian Business and Administrative Documents 2592:Wrested independence from the Akkadian empire. 1520: 1222:open speculation as to the rationales behind. 355:First dynasty of Lagash (c. 2520 – c. 2260 BC) 4704: 4702: 4648: 3391:Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature 2379:Comments, notes, and references for mentions 1725:Comments, notes, and references for mentions 1560:Comments, notes, and references for mentions 397:The dynasties of Lagash are not found on the 19:For the Argentine comic books character, see 2406:Second dynasty of Lagash / Lagash II dynasty 951:which contain the longest known text in the 732: 4223: 3991: 3911: 3531: 2308:sometime during the Proto-Imperial period. 1503: 1161: 4926:History and Philology (ARCANE 3; Turnhout) 4758:"Al-Hiba, 1970-1971: A Preliminary Report" 4711:"Al-Hiba, 1968-1969, a Preliminary Report" 4699: 4123: 4121: 3307: 3146: c. 2050 – c. 2023 BC 3127: c. 2070 – c. 2050 BC 3108: c. 2080 – c. 2070 BC 3089: c. 2090 – c. 2080 BC 3071: c. 2112 – c. 2094 BC 3036: c. 2049 – c. 2046 BC 3025: c. 2113 – c. 2110 BC 2959: c. 2053 – c. 2049 BC 2948: c. 2117 – c. 2113 BC 2908: c. 2055 – c. 2053 BC 2897: c. 2119 – c. 2117 BC 2857: c. 2060 – c. 2055 BC 2846: c. 2124 – c. 2119 BC 2819: c. 2147 – c. 2136 BC 2784: c. 2080 – c. 2060 BC 2773: c. 2144 – c. 2124 BC 2725: c. 2168 – c. 2154 BC 2690: c. 2093 – c. 2080 BC 2679: c. 2164 – c. 2144 BC 2587: c. 2218 – c. 2193 BC 2558: c. 2210 – c. 2164 BC 2530: c. 2254 – c. 2218 BC 2501: c. 2230 – c. 2210 BC 2358: c. 2279 – c. 2270 BC 2324: c. 2335 – c. 2279 BC 2306: c. 2342 – c. 2260 BC 2284: c. 2355 – c. 2316 BC 1749:First dynasty of Lagash / Lagash I dynasty 1121:, "Country of Lagash") on inscriptions of 989: 727:Lancers of the army of Lagash against Umma 582:, inspired by the patron god of his city, 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 3511:Bismaya: Recovering the Lost City of Adab 3482:State University Press, pp. 183-192, 2014 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 1156: 643:. It was under the control of the Queen. 259:located northwest of the junction of the 4998:, vol. 36, no. 1/2, pp. 29–35, 1974 4991:, vol. 32, no. 1/2, pp. 26–33, 1973 4915: 4325: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3267: 2985: 2733: 2383: 2270:Issued a proclamation of social reforms. 2214: 1729: 1564: 1507: 1490: 1329: 1312: 1212:3-D reconstruction of Area A by Keifuhui 1207: 1177: 1108: 1055: 1014: 1002: 879: 765:. He triumphed over 34 cities in total. 545: 494: 377: 358: 337: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4118: 3992:Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). 3912:Thomas, Ariane; Potts, Timothy (2020). 3796: 3164:List of cities of the ancient Near East 1512:3-D reconstruction of Area G by Nic9137 1495:3-D reconstruction of Area G by Nic9137 1173: 671:) in vertical cuneiform of the time of 593:Eannatum was succeeded by his brother, 5139: 5100:University of Cambridge Lagash project 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4826: 4824: 4796: 4755: 4708: 4018: 3956: 3873: 3650:. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited. 3639: 3459: 947:. Also found at Girsu were the famous 279:) was one of the oldest cities of the 3823: 3785: 3645: 3214:The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary. 2560:sometime during the Akkadian period. 2373: 1719: 1554: 1060:Remains of the ancient city of Lagash 3767: 1186:Level I of Area A was occupied from 4862: 4821: 4554:A surface survey of Lagash, al-Hiba 3454:King of Kish" in Pre-Sargonic Sumer 1325: 1230: 1217:Level II and Level III architecture 195:1887, 1968-1976, 1990, 2019-present 13: 4963: 4140:", Kaskal, vol. 15, pp. 1-46, 2018 3998:. Getty Publications. p. 79. 3932: 3918:. Getty Publications. p. 79. 3852:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre" 3775:"MS 2814 – The Schoyen Collection" 3308:Westenholz, Joan Goodnick (1984). 745:, after conquering and destroying 275:, Iraq. Lagash (modern Al-Hiba in 14: 5198: 5078: 4916:Marchesi, Gianni (January 2015). 3532:Steinkeller, Piotr (2018-01-29). 3231:"ePSD: lagaš[storehouse]" 1529: 1302:Plano-convex bricks, mud plaster 1289:Plano-convex bricks, mud plaster 1259:Plano-convex bricks, mud plaster 977:Dynasty). In the prologue of the 919:reports taking booty from there. 491:. Then, Ningirsu loved Eannatum." 439:about whom also little is known. 4977:. 3, Undena Publications, 1976, 4812: 4599:". Iraq, vol. 84, pp. 1-25, 2022 3995:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins 3915:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins 3415:", Philadelphia University, 1915 3274:. Ozymandias Press. p. 57. 3007: 2828: 2755: 2661: 2481: 2233: 2151: 2094: 2034: 1974: 1923: 1868: 1816: 1767: 1657: 1605: 859: 847: 835: 823: 757:, and he collected tribute from 720: 704: 680: 660: 648: 522:, and exacted tribute as far as 350:appears in orange. Circa 2350 BC 213: 182:Early Dynastic, Sargonic, Ur III 61: 54: 5177:Former populated places in Iraq 5157:1887 archaeological discoveries 5122:The Al-Hiba Publication Project 4989:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 4832:"Excavations in Iraq 1989-1990" 4749: 4690: 4637: 4626: 4615: 4602: 4589: 4579: 4563: 4546: 4530: 4521: 4475:"Excavations in Iraq 1989-1990" 4467: 4452: 4435: 4422: 4407: 4386: 4377: 4366: 4326:Koldewey, Robert (1887-01-01). 4319: 4309: 4300: 4291: 4281: 4272: 4263: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4214: 4203: 4194: 4185: 4169: 4160: 4143: 4130: 4109: 4100: 4091: 4082: 4073: 4064: 4055: 4012: 3985: 3950: 3844: 3817: 3754: 3745: 3736: 3727: 3718: 3709: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3630: 3620: 3602: 3593: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3540:. Routledge. pp. 177–202. 3525: 3516: 3503: 3494: 3485: 3475: 3446: 3405: 3378: 3314:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 3310:"Kaku of Ur and Kaku of Lagash" 3143: 3124: 3105: 3086: 3068: 3033: 3022: 2956: 2945: 2905: 2894: 2854: 2843: 2816: 2781: 2770: 2722: 2687: 2676: 2584: 2555: 2527: 2498: 2468: 2449: 2430: 2355: 2321: 2303: 2281: 2248: 2203: 2166: 2139: 2109: 2082: 2049: 2022: 1989: 1938: 1883: 1831: 1783: 1674: 1025:Vorderasiatisches Museum Berlin 715:in their conflict against Umma. 295:at Girsu, dedicated to the god 16:Ancient Mesopotamian city state 5172:History of Dhi Qar Governorate 5117:Lagash Digital Tablets at CDLI 4569:Lagash Archaeological Project 4560:, vol. 46/1-2, pp. 60–63, 1990 4402:Guide to the Kouyunjik Gallery 3534:"The birth of Elam in history" 3369: 3356: 3301: 3288: 3261: 3244: 3223: 3207: 3186: 3169:List of Mesopotamian dynasties 2553:; these seven rulers may have 1722:date and length of reign (MC) 998: 62: 1: 4994:Vaughn E. Crawford, "Lagash", 3179: 2991: 2739: 2409: 2389: 2217: 1752: 1732: 1590: 971: 530:was a major trading partner. 346:(in green). The territory of 5167:Archaeological sites in Iraq 4461:Journal of Cuneiform Studies 3797:Hamblin, William J. (2006). 3456:", Orient 17, pp. 1-17, 1981 3298:", Antiquity, pp. 1-20, 2023 2301:; these two rulers may have 1731:Early Dynastic IIIb period ( 711:The armies of Lagash led by 446: 283:. The ancient site of Nina ( 7: 4210:Year Names of Gudea at CDLI 3294:McMahon, Augusta, et al., " 3157: 1544: 1521:Curving Wall (Eastern Zone) 1141:and Sara Pizzimenti of the 768:Sargon's son and successor 617: 554:, king of Umma, and son of 466: 98:, Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq 10: 5203: 4920:; Schrakamp, Ingo (eds.). 4756:Hansen, Donald P. (1973). 4709:Hansen, Donald P. (1970). 4394:The Inscriptions of Telloh 3250:.LA or .LA, "storehouse;" 1567:Early Dynastic IIIa period 1137:in collaboration with the 1131:University of Pennsylvania 1066:Metropolitan Museum of Art 302: 18: 4491:10.1017/S0021088900004277 4344:10.1515/zava.1887.2.1.403 3779:www.schoyencollection.com 2549: 2404: 2378: 2376:date and length of reign 2372: 2369: 2366: 2297: 1898:Grandson of Ur-Nanshe (?) 1747: 1724: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1585: 1559: 1557:date and length of reign 1553: 1550: 1547: 1486: 1466: 733:Under the Akkadian Empire 691:, symbol of Lagash, in a 463:ruled briefly after him. 389:silver vase, c. 2400 BC ( 199: 191: 186: 178: 170: 165: 157: 149: 112: 102: 91: 83: 49: 42: 35: 4975:Bibliotheca Mesopotamica 3944:ressources.louvrelens.fr 3830:. Springer. p. 10. 3546:10.4324/9781315658032-11 3268:Williams, Henry (2018). 3220:." Accessed 19 Dec 2010. 2367:Portrait or inscription 1713:Portrait or inscription 1548:Portrait or inscription 1504:Western Building Complex 1439:and flat, square bricks 1414:ED IIIB – Late Akkadian 1383:(Evidence from pottery) 1367:(Evidence from pottery) 1292:ED IIIB – Late Akkadian 1280:approximately 31m x 25m 1162:Area A (Ibgal of Inanna) 929: 4464:, 29, pp. 189–222, 1977 4338:(Jahresband): 403–430. 2216:Proto-Imperial period ( 1953:Brother of Eannatum (?) 1402:4HB Building: 23 x 14m 1274:3HB Building: 24 x 20m 1139:University of Cambridge 990:Under the Ur III Empire 313:Early Dynastic I period 5012:pp. 89–102, 2002 4419:, 32, pp. 243–58, 1970 3959:Boston Museum Bulletin 2969:Son-in-law of Ur-Baba. 2794:Son-in-law of Ur-Baba. 2471: c. 2230 BC 2452: c. 2250 BC 2433: c. 2260 BC 2251: c. 2350 BC 2206: c. 2400 BC 2169: c. 2400 BC 2142: c. 2400 BC 2112: c. 2400 BC 2085: c. 2400 BC 2052: c. 2400 BC 2025: c. 2420 BC 1992: c. 2420 BC 1941: c. 2425 BC 1886: c. 2450 BC 1834: c. 2500 BC 1786: c. 2520 BC 1677: c. 2530 BC 1513: 1496: 1335: 1318: 1213: 1183: 1157:Archaeological remains 1126: 1070:Institute of Fine Arts 1061: 1041: 1027: 1012: 896: 695:motif, at the time of 615: 603: 567: 544: 511: 493: 394: 375: 351: 4449:, 34, pp. 72–85, 1978 3610:"Vase of Lugalzagezi" 3386:"The rulers of Lagaš" 2175:(6 years and 1 month) 1511: 1494: 1427:Late – Post-Akkadian 1333: 1316: 1305:Late – Post-Akkadian 1211: 1181: 1147:Geophysical Surveying 1112: 1059: 1037: 1018: 1006: 883: 611: 599: 576:Stele of the Vultures 549: 540: 504:Stele of the Vultures 498: 481: 381: 362: 341: 192:Excavation dates 134:31.41139°N 46.40722°E 84:Alternative name 4918:Sallaberger, Walther 4432:, 35, pp. 2–70, 1973 4398:Records of the Past, 3646:Grant, R.G. (2005). 3411:Barton, George A., " 3051:"Governor of Lagash" 2977:"Governor of Lagash" 2972:Historicity certain. 2926:"Governor of Lagash" 2921:Historicity certain. 2875:"Governor of Lagash" 2870:Historicity certain. 2799:"Governor of Lagash" 2704:Historicity certain. 2514:"Governor of Lagash" 2509:Historicity certain. 2342:"Governor of Lagash" 2186:"Governor of Lagash" 2181:Historicity certain. 2129:"Governor of Lagash" 2069:"Governor of Lagash" 2009:"Governor of Lagash" 1958:"Governor of Lagash" 1437:Plano-convex bricks 1424:Plano-convex bricks 1411:Plano-convex bricks 1394:Plano-convex bricks 1378:Plano-convex bricks 1362:Plano-convex bricks 1174:Level I architecture 405:The Rulers of Lagash 4441:Donald P. Hansen, " 3271:Ancient Mesopotamia 2918:Son of Ur-Ningirsu. 2124:A priest of Lagash. 1956:Held the title of, 1901:Held the title of, 1849:Held the title of, 1797:Held the title of, 1688:Held the title of, 1685:Historicity certain 1640:Held the title of, 1637:Historicity certain 1074:New York University 737:In his conquest of 667:The name "Lagash" ( 277:Dhi Qar Governorate 267:rivers and east of 130: / 32: 5110:2010-06-10 at the 3856:cartelfr.louvre.fr 3824:Crowe, D. (2014). 3760:Schrakamp, Ingo, " 3435:. January 14, 2010 3049:Held the title of 2975:Held the title of 2924:Held the title of 2873:Held the title of 2797:Held the title of 2707:Held the title of 2565:Held the title of 2523:Naram-Sin of Akkad 2512:Held the title of 2340:Held the title of 2263:Held the title of 2184:Held the title of 2127:Held the title of 2067:Held the title of 2007:Held the title of 2004:Son of Enannatum I 1587:Predynastic Lagash 1538:Sumerian King List 1514: 1497: 1351:Occupation Period 1348:Building Material 1336: 1319: 1268:’s rule or later) 1248:Occupation Period 1245:Building Material 1214: 1184: 1143:University of Pisa 1127: 1062: 1028: 1013: 897: 568: 512: 400:Sumerian King List 395: 376: 352: 139:31.41139; 46.40722 30: 25:Lagash (Nightfall) 5018:978-1-57506-055-2 4608:Pittman, Holly, " 4542:978-2-503-59020-2 4485:: 169–182. 1991. 4392:Amiaud, Arthur. " 4181:978-90-56-93035-6 4005:978-1-60606-649-2 3925:978-1-60606-649-2 3837:978-1-137-03701-5 3810:978-1-134-52062-6 3657:978-1-74033-593-5 3555:978-1-315-65803-2 3538:The Elamite World 3281:978-1-5312-6292-1 3174:The Sumerian Game 3155: 3154: 3046:Grandson of Kaku. 3040: 2963: 2912: 2861: 2788: 2698: 2258: 2176: 2137:Meanedu of Umma ( 2119: 2059: 1999: 1948: 1893: 1841: 1452: 1451: 1311: 1310: 1045:Thorkild Jacobsen 984:Damnatio memoriae 953:Sumerian language 913:Kutik-Inshushinak 749:, then conquered 693:Master of Animals 321:3rd Dynasty of Ur 281:Ancient Near East 255:) was an ancient 246: 207: 206: 174:3rd millennium BC 75:Shown within Iraq 5194: 4957: 4956: 4945: 4930: 4929: 4913: 4860: 4859: 4828: 4819: 4816: 4810: 4807: 4794: 4793: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4706: 4697: 4694: 4688: 4683: 4646: 4641: 4635: 4630: 4624: 4619: 4613: 4606: 4600: 4593: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4575: 4573:Official website 4567: 4561: 4550: 4544: 4534: 4528: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4471: 4465: 4456: 4450: 4439: 4433: 4426: 4420: 4411: 4405: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4323: 4317: 4313: 4307: 4304: 4298: 4295: 4289: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4252: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4234: 4230: 4221: 4218: 4212: 4207: 4201: 4198: 4192: 4189: 4183: 4173: 4167: 4164: 4158: 4157:, Hinrichs, 1899 4147: 4141: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4116: 4113: 4107: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4080: 4077: 4071: 4068: 4062: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4016: 4010: 4009: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3909: 3900: 3899: 3871: 3860: 3859: 3848: 3842: 3841: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3794: 3783: 3782: 3771: 3765: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3725: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3689: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3671: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3628: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3591: 3584: 3578: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3514: 3509:Wilson, Karen, " 3507: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3457: 3450: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3440: 3425: 3416: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3367: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3305: 3299: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3265: 3259: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3227: 3221: 3211: 3205: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3190: 3147: 3145: 3128: 3126: 3109: 3107: 3090: 3088: 3072: 3070: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3024: 3011: 3000: 2996: 2993: 2960: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2947: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2858: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2832: 2820: 2818: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2772: 2759: 2748: 2744: 2741: 2726: 2724: 2709:"King of Lagash" 2691: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2678: 2665: 2588: 2586: 2576:Shar-Kali-Sharri 2567:"King of Lagash" 2559: 2557: 2531: 2529: 2502: 2500: 2485: 2472: 2470: 2453: 2451: 2434: 2432: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2398: 2394: 2391: 2375: 2359: 2357: 2325: 2323: 2307: 2305: 2285: 2283: 2265:"King of Lagash" 2256: 2252: 2250: 2237: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2207: 2205: 2174: 2170: 2168: 2155: 2143: 2141: 2117: 2113: 2111: 2098: 2086: 2084: 2064:Son of Entemena. 2057: 2053: 2051: 2038: 2026: 2024: 1997: 1993: 1991: 1978: 1946: 1942: 1940: 1927: 1891: 1887: 1885: 1872: 1851:"King of Lagash" 1846:Son of Ur-Nanshe 1839: 1835: 1833: 1820: 1799:"King of Lagash" 1787: 1785: 1771: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1721: 1678: 1676: 1661: 1626: 1625: c. 2570 BC 1609: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1579: 1575: 1556: 1545: 1342: 1341: 1326:The 4HB Building 1277:Enclosure Wall: 1239: 1238: 1231:The 3HB Building 1120: 979:Code of Ur-Nammu 941:statues of Gudea 905:Shar-Kali-Sharri 863: 851: 839: 827: 792:from rebellious 724: 708: 684: 670: 664: 652: 622:The next ruler, 471:The next ruler, 244: 243: 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 145: 144: 142: 141: 140: 135: 131: 128: 127: 126: 123: 65: 64: 58: 33: 29: 21:Nippur de Lagash 5202: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5192: 5191: 5182:Former kingdoms 5162:Sumerian cities 5137: 5136: 5112:Wayback Machine 5081: 4966: 4964:Further reading 4961: 4960: 4947: 4946: 4933: 4914: 4863: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4808: 4797: 4774:10.2307/3249575 4754: 4750: 4727:10.2307/3249506 4707: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4649: 4642: 4638: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4616: 4607: 4603: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4551: 4547: 4535: 4531: 4526: 4522: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4457: 4453: 4440: 4436: 4427: 4423: 4412: 4408: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4367: 4324: 4320: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4224: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4174: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4148: 4144: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4060: 4056: 4033:10.2307/4200229 4017: 4013: 4006: 3990: 3986: 3955: 3951: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3910: 3903: 3872: 3863: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3838: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3795: 3786: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3658: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3621: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3594: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3556: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3460: 3452:Maeda, Tohru, " 3451: 3447: 3438: 3436: 3427: 3426: 3419: 3410: 3406: 3397: 3395: 3394:. June 1, 2003 3384: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3361: 3357: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3289: 3282: 3266: 3262: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3212: 3208: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3160: 3148: 3142: 3129: 3123: 3110: 3104: 3091: 3085: 3067: 3038: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3021: 3017: 2998: 2994: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2944: 2940: 2910: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2893: 2889: 2859: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2842: 2838: 2815: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2769: 2765: 2746: 2742: 2721: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2675: 2671: 2653: 2642: 2604: 2583: 2554: 2546: 2526: 2503: 2497: 2493: 2473: 2467: 2454: 2448: 2435: 2429: 2416: 2412: 2396: 2392: 2386:Akkadian period 2354: 2351:Rimush of Akkad 2320: 2317:Sargon of Akkad 2302: 2280: 2255: 2253: 2247: 2243: 2224: 2220: 2202: 2173: 2171: 2165: 2161: 2138: 2116: 2114: 2108: 2104: 2081: 2056: 2054: 2048: 2044: 2021: 1996: 1994: 1988: 1984: 1945: 1943: 1937: 1933: 1890: 1888: 1882: 1878: 1838: 1836: 1830: 1826: 1788: 1782: 1778: 1759: 1755: 1739: 1735: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1627: 1621: 1617: 1597: 1593: 1577: 1573: 1532: 1523: 1506: 1489: 1469: 1345:Building Level 1328: 1242:Building Level 1233: 1228: 1219: 1176: 1164: 1159: 1033:Robert Koldewey 1007:At the time of 1001: 992: 974: 949:Gudea cylinders 932: 909:Akkadian Empire 878: 871: 864: 855: 852: 843: 840: 831: 828: 743:Sargon of Akkad 741:circa 2300 BC, 735: 728: 725: 716: 709: 700: 685: 676: 665: 656: 653: 620: 469: 449: 357: 344:Akkadian Empire 317:Akkadian Empire 305: 216: 212: 138: 136: 132: 129: 124: 121: 119: 117: 116: 79: 78: 77: 76: 73: 72: 71: 70: 66: 45: 38: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5200: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5080: 5079:External links 5077: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5055: 5052: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5009: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4992: 4985: 4971: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4931: 4861: 4820: 4811: 4795: 4748: 4721:(4): 243–258. 4698: 4689: 4647: 4636: 4625: 4614: 4601: 4588: 4578: 4562: 4545: 4529: 4520: 4466: 4451: 4434: 4421: 4406: 4385: 4376: 4365: 4318: 4308: 4299: 4290: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4253: 4244: 4235: 4222: 4213: 4202: 4193: 4184: 4168: 4159: 4142: 4129: 4117: 4108: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4011: 4004: 3984: 3949: 3931: 3924: 3901: 3882:(4): 113–117. 3861: 3843: 3836: 3816: 3809: 3784: 3766: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3708: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3672: 3663: 3656: 3638: 3629: 3619: 3614:British Museum 3601: 3592: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3554: 3524: 3515: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3474: 3458: 3445: 3417: 3404: 3377: 3368: 3355: 3326:10.1086/373095 3320:(4): 339–342. 3300: 3287: 3280: 3260: 3243: 3222: 3206: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3075: 3074: 3054: 3047: 3042: 3019: 3012: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2004 BC 2983: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2973: 2970: 2965: 2942: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2922: 2919: 2914: 2891: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2871: 2868: 2863: 2840: 2836:Ur-Ningirsu II 2833: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2802: 2795: 2790: 2767: 2760: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2119 BC 2731: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2712: 2705: 2700: 2673: 2666: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2570: 2561: 2548: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2517: 2510: 2505: 2495: 2490:Lugal-ushumgal 2486: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2023 BC 2402: 2401: 2397: 2154 BC 2381: 2380: 2377: 2371: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2361: 2345: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2309: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2271: 2268: 2259: 2245: 2238: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2260 BC 2212: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2189: 2182: 2177: 2163: 2156: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2132: 2125: 2120: 2106: 2099: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2072: 2065: 2060: 2046: 2039: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2012: 2005: 2000: 1986: 1979: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1960: 1954: 1949: 1935: 1928: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1917: 1909: 1899: 1894: 1880: 1873: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1853: 1847: 1842: 1828: 1821: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1808:Pabilgagaltuku 1801: 1795: 1790: 1780: 1772: 1764: 1763: 1760: 2260 BC 1745: 1744: 1740: 2350 BC 1727: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1696: 1686: 1681: 1671: 1662: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1638: 1633: 1619: 1610: 1602: 1601: 1598: 2520 BC 1583: 1582: 1578: 2500 BC 1562: 1561: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1531: 1530:List of rulers 1528: 1522: 1519: 1505: 1502: 1488: 1485: 1468: 1465: 1450: 1449: 1447: 1441: 1435: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1405: 1404: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1327: 1324: 1322:and contents. 1309: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1270: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1218: 1215: 1188:Early Dynastic 1175: 1172: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1151:Geoarchaeology 1000: 997: 991: 988: 973: 970: 931: 928: 877: 874: 873: 872: 865: 858: 856: 853: 846: 844: 841: 834: 832: 829: 822: 734: 731: 730: 729: 726: 719: 717: 710: 703: 701: 686: 679: 677: 666: 659: 657: 654: 647: 619: 616: 564:British Museum 468: 465: 448: 445: 356: 353: 329:Old Babylonian 304: 301: 205: 204: 201: 200:Archaeologists 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 184: 183: 180: 176: 175: 172: 168: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 93: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 74: 68: 67: 60: 59: 53: 52: 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 40: 39: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5199: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5063: 5060: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4986: 4984: 4983:0-89003-018-9 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4954: 4953:cdli.ox.ac.uk 4950: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4842:: 175. 1991. 4841: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4825: 4815: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4762:Artibus Asiae 4759: 4752: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4715:Artibus Asiae 4712: 4705: 4703: 4693: 4686: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4618: 4611: 4605: 4598: 4592: 4582: 4574: 4566: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4539: 4533: 4524: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4463: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4431: 4430:Artibus Asiae 4425: 4418: 4417: 4416:Artibus Asiae 4410: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4380: 4373: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4334:(in German). 4333: 4329: 4322: 4312: 4303: 4294: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4257: 4248: 4239: 4229: 4227: 4217: 4211: 4206: 4197: 4188: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4163: 4156: 4153: 4146: 4139: 4133: 4124: 4122: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4085: 4076: 4067: 4058: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3927: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3908: 3906: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3857: 3853: 3847: 3839: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3820: 3812: 3806: 3803:. Routledge. 3802: 3801: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3763: 3757: 3748: 3739: 3730: 3721: 3712: 3703: 3694: 3685: 3676: 3667: 3659: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3633: 3623: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3596: 3589: 3583: 3574: 3565: 3557: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3519: 3512: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3478: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3455: 3449: 3434: 3430: 3424: 3422: 3414: 3408: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3381: 3372: 3365: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3291: 3283: 3277: 3273: 3272: 3264: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3232: 3226: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3195: 3194:"ETCSLsearch" 3189: 3185: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3151: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3078: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2989: 2988:Ur III period 2984: 2978: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2933: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2882: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2867:Son of Gudea. 2866: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2768: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2737: 2736:Gutian period 2732: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2674: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2602:Ur-Ningirsu I 2600: 2598: 2597: 2591: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2537: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2460: 2457: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2422: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2387: 2382: 2365: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2331: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2300: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2213: 2200: 2196: 2195:Lugal-kisalsi 2193: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2164: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2121: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2033: 2032: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1895: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1794:Son of Gunidu 1793: 1792: 1791: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1728: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1672: 1667: 1666:Lugalshaengur 1663: 1660: 1656: 1655: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1527: 1518: 1510: 1501: 1493: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1332: 1323: 1315: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1223: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1180: 1171: 1169: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1124: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1058: 1054: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1010: 1005: 996: 987: 985: 980: 969: 965: 963: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 937: 927: 925: 920: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 894: 893:Louvre Museum 890: 886: 882: 869: 868:other statues 862: 857: 850: 845: 838: 833: 826: 821: 820: 819: 817: 812: 811:Louvre Museum 807: 805: 799: 797: 796: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 723: 718: 714: 707: 702: 698: 694: 690: 683: 678: 674: 663: 658: 651: 646: 645: 644: 642: 637: 633: 627: 625: 614: 610: 608: 602: 598: 596: 595:En-anna-tum I 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 565: 561: 557: 553: 550:Vase of King 548: 543: 539: 537: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 509: 508:Louvre Museum 505: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 480: 478: 474: 464: 462: 458: 454: 444: 442: 438: 437:Lugalshaengur 433: 428: 426: 422: 418: 414: 411:, "Ane-tum", 410: 406: 402: 401: 392: 388: 384: 380: 373: 369: 365: 361: 349: 345: 340: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 237: 211: 202: 198: 194: 190: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 164: 161:400 to 600 ha 160: 156: 152: 148: 143: 115: 111: 108: 105: 101: 97: 94: 90: 86: 82: 57: 48: 41: 34: 26: 22: 4995: 4988: 4974: 4952: 4925: 4839: 4835: 4814: 4765: 4761: 4751: 4718: 4714: 4692: 4639: 4628: 4617: 4604: 4591: 4581: 4565: 4557: 4552:E. Carter, " 4548: 4532: 4523: 4482: 4478: 4469: 4459: 4454: 4446: 4437: 4429: 4424: 4414: 4409: 4401: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4368: 4335: 4331: 4321: 4311: 4302: 4293: 4283: 4274: 4265: 4256: 4247: 4238: 4216: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4171: 4162: 4145: 4132: 4111: 4102: 4093: 4084: 4075: 4066: 4057: 4024: 4020: 4014: 3994: 3987: 3965:(354): 235. 3962: 3958: 3952: 3946:(in French). 3943: 3934: 3914: 3879: 3875: 3855: 3846: 3826: 3819: 3799: 3778: 3769: 3756: 3747: 3738: 3729: 3720: 3711: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3666: 3647: 3641: 3632: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3595: 3586:Hritz, C., " 3582: 3573: 3564: 3537: 3527: 3518: 3505: 3496: 3487: 3477: 3448: 3437:. Retrieved 3432: 3407: 3396:. Retrieved 3389: 3380: 3371: 3358: 3317: 3313: 3303: 3290: 3270: 3263: 3255: 3246: 3234:. Retrieved 3225: 3213: 3209: 3197:. Retrieved 3188: 3120:Lu-Kirilaza 3101:Ur-Nikimara 3056: 3050: 3030: 2986: 2976: 2953: 2925: 2902: 2874: 2851: 2804: 2798: 2778: 2734: 2714: 2708: 2684: 2572: 2566: 2550: 2519: 2513: 2384: 2347: 2341: 2313: 2298: 2273: 2264: 2215: 2191: 2185: 2134: 2128: 2074: 2068: 2042:Enannatum II 2014: 2008: 1962: 1957: 1911: 1905:King of Kish 1902: 1855: 1850: 1803: 1798: 1730: 1698: 1689: 1641: 1565: 1536: 1533: 1524: 1515: 1498: 1470: 1453: 1438: 1401: 1400:Dimensions: 1382: 1366: 1337: 1320: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1272:Dimensions: 1263: 1234: 1220: 1203: 1196: 1185: 1165: 1128: 1114: 1063: 1049: 1048: 1042: 1038: 1029: 993: 975: 966: 933: 921: 898: 870:from Lagash. 808: 800: 793: 767: 736: 628: 621: 612: 604: 600: 592: 569: 541: 532: 520:Persian Gulf 513: 482: 470: 450: 429: 413:En-entar-zid 404: 398: 396: 307:Though some 306: 285:Tell Zurghul 252: 240:(cuneiform: 209: 208: 5187:City-states 4768:(1/2): 65. 3236:21 November 3199:21 November 3082:Ur-Ninsuna 2995: 2119 2839:𒌨𒀭𒎏𒄈𒍪 2808:Ishtup-Ilum 2743: 2154 2605:𒌨𒀭𒎏𒄈𒍪 2413: 2260 2393: 2260 2277:Lugalzagesi 2221: 2350 1931:Enannatum I 1756: 2520 1736: 2500 1594: 2600 1574: 2600 1135:Penn Museum 999:Archaeology 417:Ur-Ningirsu 309:Uruk period 137: / 113:Coordinates 107:Mesopotamia 5141:Categories 4928:: 139–156. 3439:2020-12-22 3398:2021-07-26 3180:References 3015:Nam-mahani 2997: – c. 2745: – c. 2720:of Akkad ( 2543:Puzer-Mama 2415: – c. 2395: – c. 2257:(11 years) 2223: – c. 1998:(27 years) 1892:(27 years) 1758: – c. 1738: – c. 1694:of Lagash" 1646:of Lagash" 1596: – c. 1576: – c. 1477:Enanatum I 972:Nam-mahani 934:While the 784:, Lagash, 325:Isin-Larsa 273:Al-Shatrah 257:city-state 187:Site notes 153:Settlement 125:46°24′26″E 122:31°24′41″N 96:Al-Shatrah 4848:0021-0889 4782:0004-3648 4735:0004-3648 4515:249898405 4499:0021-0889 4360:162346912 4352:1613-1150 4049:161961660 4027:: 15–30. 3971:0006-7997 3888:0373-6032 3433:CDLI Wiki 3429:"Enhegal" 3350:161962784 3334:0022-2968 3139:Ir-Nanna 2718:Shu-turul 2672:𒌨𒀭𒁀𒌑 2551:Uncertain 2426:Ki-Ku-Id 2299:Uncertain 2279:of Umma ( 2244:𒌷𒅗𒄀𒈾 2241:Urukagina 2159:Lugalanda 2118:(5 years) 2105:𒂗𒇷𒋻𒍣 2102:Enentarzi 2080:of Umma ( 2078:Gishakidu 2058:(5 years) 2045:𒂗𒀭𒈾𒁺 2020:of Umma ( 1985:𒂗𒋼𒈨𒈾 1947:(4 years) 1934:𒂗𒀭𒈾𒁺 1879:𒂍𒀭𒈾𒁺 1840:(9 years) 1777:(Ur-nina) 1775:Ur-Nanshe 1115:Lagash Ki 1113:The name 1050:Shirpurla 1035:in 1887. 1009:Hammurabi 901:Naram-Sin 673:Ur-Nanshe 636:cuneiform 632:Urukagina 566:, London. 552:Gishakidu 489:Shulultul 453:Ur-Nanshe 447:Ur-Nanshe 409:Ur-Nanshe 387:inscribed 368:Ur-Nanshe 261:Euphrates 5108:Archived 4556:", 1984, 4155:Volume 2 4152:Volume 1 3896:23284246 3252:Akkadian 3158:See also 3060:Ur-Nammu 2887:Pirig-me 2632:Lu-Baba 2614:Ur-Mama 2445:Engilsa 2335:Kitushi 1982:Entemena 1966:Ur-Lumma 1915:Enakalle 1876:Eannatum 1692:Governor 1614:En-hegal 1481:Enmetena 1446:’s rule 1408:4HB III 1397:ED IIIB 1391:4HB IVB 1375:4HB IVA 1266:Eannatum 1262:ED IIIB 1256:3HB III 1199:Khafajah 1119:𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 1095:Gatumdag 1091:Ningirsu 1068:and the 1021:steatite 962:Ur-Nammu 713:Eannatum 697:Entemena 624:Entemena 618:Entemena 607:Ur-Lumma 584:Ningirsu 580:Eannatum 556:Ur-Lumma 500:Eannatum 473:Eannatum 467:Eannatum 432:En-hegal 383:Entemena 333:Seleucid 297:Ningirsu 249:Sumerian 242:𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 92:Location 37:𒉢𒁓𒆷𒆠 4856:4200346 4790:3249575 4743:3249506 4507:4200346 4041:4200229 3979:4171539 3256:Nakamtu 3018:𒉆𒈤𒉌 2766:𒅗𒌤𒀀 2669:Ur-Baba 2643:𒇽𒄖𒆷 2623:Ur-Utu 2547:𒂗𒃶𒅅 2494:𒈗𒃲𒁔 2374:Approx. 2162:𒈗𒀭𒁕 1827:𒀀𒆳𒃲 1824:Akurgal 1779:𒌨𒀭𒀏 1720:Approx. 1705:Mesilim 1670:𒈗𒊮𒇉 1623:reigned 1618:𒂗𒃶𒅅 1555:Approx. 1473:Eanatum 1421:4HB II 1381:ED III 1365:ED III 1286:3HB II 936:Gutians 790:Kazallu 588:phalanx 536:Mesilim 461:Akurgal 441:Mesilim 303:History 293:E-ninnu 179:Periods 171:Founded 166:History 87:Al-Hiba 44:{{{1}}} 5147:Lagash 5016: 4981: 4854: 4846: 4788: 4780: 4741: 4733: 4540: 4513: 4505: 4497: 4358: 4350: 4179: 4047: 4039: 4002: 3977: 3969: 3922: 3894: 3886: 3834: 3807: 3654: 3648:Battle 3552: 3348: 3342:544849 3340: 3332: 3278: 3218:Lagash 2938:Ur-gar 2641:Lugula 2370:Ruler 2295:Meszi 1716:Ruler 1551:Ruler 1487:Area G 1479:, and 1467:Area C 1461:Nippur 1434:4HB I 1359:4HB V 1354:Notes 1299:3HB I 1251:Notes 1168:Inanna 1101:, and 1099:Nanshe 1087:Inanna 1082:Inanna 957:Anshan 854:Detail 788:, and 770:Rimush 669:𒉢𒁓𒆷 528:Dilmun 516:Akshak 423:, and 421:Ur-Bau 391:Louvre 372:Louvre 364:Relief 265:Tigris 210:Lagash 103:Region 69:Lagash 31:Lagash 4852:JSTOR 4786:JSTOR 4739:JSTOR 4558:Sumer 4511:S2CID 4503:JSTOR 4447:Sumer 4356:S2CID 4045:S2CID 4037:JSTOR 3975:JSTOR 3892:JSTOR 3362:CHH," 3346:S2CID 3338:JSTOR 3149:(MC) 3130:(MC) 3111:(MC) 3092:(MC) 3057:temp. 2941:𒌨𒃻 2890:𒊊𒀞 2805:temp. 2763:Gudea 2715:temp. 2654:𒅗𒆬 2580:Akkad 2573:temp. 2520:temp. 2504:(MC) 2474:(MC) 2464:Ur-A 2455:(MC) 2436:(MC) 2348:temp. 2314:temp. 2274:temp. 2192:temp. 2135:temp. 2075:temp. 2015:temp. 1963:temp. 1912:temp. 1856:temp. 1804:temp. 1789:(MC) 1700:temp. 1680:(MC) 1540:(SKL) 1444:Gudea 1192:Nanše 1123:Gudea 1078:Ibgal 945:Girsu 930:Gudea 924:Gudea 889:Girsu 885:Gudea 816:Girsu 795:ensis 739:Sumer 560:Shara 425:Gudea 348:Sumer 289:Girsu 253:Lagaš 245:LAGAŠ 5065:2022 5058:2022 5051:2022 5014:ISBN 5005:2022 4996:Iraq 4979:ISBN 4970:2022 4844:ISSN 4836:Iraq 4778:ISSN 4731:ISSN 4586:2022 4538:ISBN 4495:ISSN 4479:Iraq 4348:ISSN 4316:2023 4288:2008 4177:ISBN 4021:Iraq 4000:ISBN 3967:ISSN 3920:ISBN 3884:ISSN 3832:ISBN 3805:ISBN 3652:ISBN 3627:1985 3550:ISBN 3330:ISSN 3276:ISBN 3238:2016 3201:2016 3039:(SC) 3028:(MC) 2962:(SC) 2951:(MC) 2911:(SC) 2900:(MC) 2860:(SC) 2849:(MC) 2812:Mari 2787:(SC) 2776:(MC) 2682:(MC) 2652:Kaku 2254:(MC) 2199:Uruk 2172:(MC) 2115:(MC) 2055:(MC) 1995:(MC) 1944:(MC) 1889:(MC) 1837:(MC) 1644:King 1459:and 1149:and 917:Dudu 903:and 782:Adab 778:Umma 763:Elam 761:and 759:Mari 755:Umma 747:Uruk 689:Anzû 687:The 641:Babu 572:Umma 524:Mari 485:Urua 477:Adab 457:Umma 327:and 269:Uruk 263:and 158:Area 150:Type 4770:doi 4723:doi 4487:doi 4445:", 4396:." 4340:doi 4029:doi 3542:doi 3322:doi 3062:of 2810:of 2578:of 2197:of 1860:Ush 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