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Egypt drained substantial portions of the lake in an effort to convert its rich Nile deposits to farmland. The project was unprofitable: crops did not grow well in the salty soil and the value of resulting produce was less than the market value of the fish that the reclaimed land had formerly yielded. By 2001, Lake
Manzala had lost approximately 80 percent of its former area through the effects of drainage efforts.
2517:
2527:
611:
283:
Lake
Manzala served as a significant source of inexpensive fish for human consumption in Egypt, but pollution and lake drainage have reduced the lake's productivity. In 1985, the lakes fishery was an open area of 89,000 ha (220,000 acres) and employed roughly 17,000 workers. The government of
235:
Lake
Manzala is long but quite shallow. Though Lake Manzala's unaltered depth is only four to five feet (1.2 to 1.5 m), alterations to the depth were made during the construction of the Suez Canal to allow the Canal to extend 29 miles (47 km) lengthwise along the lake. Its bed is soft
2346:
267:. Construction of the canal proceeded from north to south, reaching Manzala first. Due to the lake's shallowness, it was necessary to dig a banked channel for ships to pass.
1379:
243:
Port Said was established adjacent to Lake
Manzala during the nineteenth century to support canal construction and related travel. The lake's location directly south of the
1374:
1369:
77:
1901:
1148:
912:
907:
1770:
157:. It is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of Egypt. As of 2008 it is 47 km (29 mi) long and 30 km (19 mi) wide.
809:
754:
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1753:
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949:
733:
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525:
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387:
324:
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1952:
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1339:
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1957:
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1194:
1182:
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781:
44:
227:), thus making the modern Arabic name a translation of a Coptic one, where phonetic resemblance is only coincidental.
1945:
1474:
506:
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2078:
1741:
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2016:
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1978:
1940:
1935:
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1822:
1514:
1484:
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1221:
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2449:
2257:
2083:
1879:
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1682:
1349:
1299:
1240:
1199:
1075:
1070:
1036:
997:
723:
585:
549:
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2378:
2001:
1736:
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1541:
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1177:
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2459:
2388:
2210:
2178:
1872:
1810:
1805:
1519:
984:
855:
220:
175:
145:), also Manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern Egypt on the
2464:
2356:
2326:
2215:
2195:
2141:
2053:
1692:
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109:
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8:
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2190:
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1709:
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897:
542:
210:
187:
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2063:
1930:
1758:
1724:
1677:
1655:
1551:
1453:
1324:
1211:
1158:
892:
845:
728:
2506:
2400:
2200:
2107:
2058:
2011:
1996:
1911:
1827:
1714:
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1100:
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383:
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237:
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697:
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1918:
1847:
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1504:
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1479:
1401:
1216:
1117:
1048:
1031:
972:
840:
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590:
2173:
2351:
2168:
2119:
2021:
1837:
1573:
1556:
1187:
1112:
236:
clay. Before construction of the Suez Canal, Lake
Manzala was separated from the
201:
166:
135:
2500:
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2308:
2247:
2031:
1832:
1344:
1272:
1131:
1065:
119:
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2383:
2371:
2366:
2046:
1136:
359:
92:
79:
2510:
2100:
1509:
1168:
255:
Lake
Manzala is the northernmost of three natural lakes intersected by the
154:
1529:
1260:
1250:
1043:
870:
687:
260:
193:
1578:
1536:
565:
256:
146:
2417:
1889:
652:
630:
625:
275:
150:
1090:
642:
677:
415:. Toronto, Lancaster, New York: Dundurn Press Ltd. p. 207.
1122:
1080:
927:
610:
28:
240:
by a strip of sand 200 to 300 yards (180 to 270 m) wide.
1153:
958:
534:
1566:
647:
360:"Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten"
457:
Restoring and protecting the world's lakes and reservoirs
375:
180:
494:
319:(Second ed.). ASCE Publications. p. 72.
312:
215:'inn, lodging'), translated into Greek as
2543:
70:
913:United Nations Security Council Resolution 119
908:United Nations Security Council Resolution 118
943:
550:
412:Pearson's prize: Canada and the Suez Crisis
950:
936:
557:
543:
408:
247:restricts the city's capacity for growth.
153:and a few miles from the ancient ruins at
379:Water Resources and Environmental History
192:'descend, stop, settle down'. In
344:
342:
274:
473:
299:
297:
2544:
515:
316:Flinders Petrie: a life in archaeology
1976:
1787:
1610:
1451:
970:
931:
538:
454:
402:
369:
339:
306:
2526:
492:
294:
51:
2516:
170:
139:
13:
382:. ASCE Publications. p. 124.
376:Rogers, J. R. and G. Owen (2004).
14:
2573:
1897:Role of the Egyptian Armed Forces
810:Société d'études du Canal de Suez
357:
351:
2525:
2515:
2505:
2496:
2495:
1754:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
957:
609:
50:
43:
27:
2238:Identification card controversy
1144:Khedivate and Kingdom of Egypt
564:
435:
1:
1452:
861:Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936
636:Suez Canal Container Terminal
448:
250:
165:The lake's name derives from
1771:Twin towns and sister cities
1611:
1283:Assassination of Anwar Sadat
851:Convention of Constantinople
476:Egypt: an economic geography
230:
160:
7:
2299:Vehicle registration plates
1977:
1953:Water supply and sanitation
1788:
971:
459:. World Bank Publications.
313:Margaret S. Drower (1995).
181:
10:
2578:
1958:Water resources management
270:
224:
205:
2491:
2317:
1989:
1985:
1972:
1853:Impact on the environment
1843:Entrepreneurship policies
1796:
1783:
1619:
1606:
1460:
1447:
1415:
1317:
983:
979:
966:
869:
828:
792:
769:
742:
706:
670:
663:
618:
607:
572:
474:Ibrahim, Barbara (2003).
279:Fishermen at Lake Manzala
118:
108:
69:
38:
26:
21:
1624:Administrative divisions
1300:2011 Egyptian revolution
1241:1952 Egyptian revolution
1037:Lighthouse of Alexandria
750:Area Development Project
724:El Ferdan Railway Bridge
586:Port Said Port Authority
287:
1828:Egyptian stock exchange
518:The Vegetation of Egypt
493:Penn, James R. (2001).
2159:International rankings
1164:Egyptian–Ethiopian War
856:Raid on the Suez Canal
280:
259:, the other two being
1764:Terrorism and tourism
1222:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1054:Library of Alexandria
805:Canal of the Pharaohs
601:Port Said Governorate
516:Zahran, M.A. (2008).
455:Dinar, Ariel (1995).
278:
196:it was also known as
2475:World Heritage Sites
2294:Units of measurement
1749:Proposed new capital
1495:Environmental issues
1256:United Arab Republic
1149:Muhammad Ali dynasty
836:Ferdinand de Lesseps
777:Lessepsian migration
714:Port Said Lighthouse
596:Ismailia Governorate
580:Suez Canal Authority
2147:Freedom of religion
2042:Mass sexual assault
1407:Timekeeping devices
1305:2013 Rabaa massacre
1278:Egyptian–Libyan War
898:Operation Telescope
888:Operation Musketeer
829:French/UK operation
734:Power line crossing
497:Rivers of the world
409:Melady, J. (2006).
89: /
2337:Art (contemporary)
2017:Capital punishment
1907:Telecommunications
1584:Towns and villages
1552:Qattara Depression
1365:Muslim Brotherhood
1335:Cigarette industry
1195:British occupation
1106:Crusader invasions
1076:Rashidun Caliphate
903:Protocol of Sèvres
893:Operation Tarnegol
846:Suez Canal Company
729:Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel
281:
2539:
2538:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2411:Football stadiums
2342:Botanical gardens
2221:Catholic dioceses
2113:Gender inequality
2037:Human trafficking
1968:
1967:
1902:Tallest buildings
1863:Military industry
1779:
1778:
1720:Political parties
1673:Islamic extremism
1661:Foreign relations
1602:
1601:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1183:French occupation
1101:Fatimid Caliphate
1096:Ikhshidid dynasty
925:
924:
921:
920:
765:
764:
719:Suez Canal Bridge
693:Great Bitter Lake
527:978-1-4020-8755-4
422:978-1-55002-611-5
389:978-0-7844-0738-7
326:978-0-299-14624-5
265:Great Bitter Lake
245:Port Said Airport
238:Mediterranean Sea
214:
191:
179:
129:
128:
93:31.267°N 32.200°E
2569:
2529:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2304:Waste management
2069:Academic grading
1987:
1986:
1974:
1973:
1946:Railway stations
1924:Cultural tourism
1823:Economic regions
1785:
1784:
1608:
1607:
1449:
1448:
1118:Mamluk Sultanate
1049:Diocese of Egypt
1032:Battle of Actium
981:
980:
968:
967:
952:
945:
938:
929:
928:
826:
825:
800:Heroopolite Gulf
668:
667:
619:Cities and ports
613:
591:Suez Governorate
559:
552:
545:
536:
535:
531:
512:
500:
489:
470:
442:
439:
433:
432:
430:
429:
406:
400:
399:
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373:
367:
366:
364:
358:Peust, Carsten.
355:
349:
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310:
304:
301:
226:
209:
207:
186:
184:
174:
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141:
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82:
72:
54:
53:
47:
31:
19:
18:
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2576:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2479:
2470:Public holidays
2460:National anthem
2313:
2226:Coptic Churches
2169:Egyptian Arabic
2079:Medical schools
1981:
1964:
1880:Nuclear program
1792:
1775:
1705:Nationality law
1698:Supreme Council
1683:Law enforcement
1615:
1598:
1574:Sinai Peninsula
1557:Red Sea Riviera
1456:
1435:
1411:
1313:
1200:1919 revolution
1188:Revolt of Cairo
1113:Ayyubid dynasty
1091:Tulunid dynasty
975:
962:
956:
926:
917:
881:
874:
865:
824:
816:Obstruction by
788:
761:
738:
702:
659:
614:
605:
568:
563:
528:
509:
486:
467:
451:
446:
445:
440:
436:
427:
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331:
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311:
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295:
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143:baḥīrat manzala
122: countries
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65:
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61:
60:
59:
55:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2552:Lakes of Egypt
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2523:
2513:
2503:
2492:
2489:
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2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2406:Football clubs
2398:
2397:
2396:
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2381:
2376:
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2349:
2344:
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2329:
2323:
2321:
2315:
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2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
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2279:
2278:
2277:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2002:Animal welfare
1999:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1885:Power stations
1882:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:Egyptian pound
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1737:Prime Minister
1734:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1685:
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1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1542:Northern coast
1539:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
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1487:
1482:
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1404:
1399:
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1377:
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1357:
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1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1273:Yom Kippur War
1265:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1214:
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1202:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1175:
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1141:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1127:
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1125:
1115:
1110:
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1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1007:
1006:
1005:
995:
989:
987:
977:
976:
964:
963:
955:
954:
947:
940:
932:
923:
922:
919:
918:
916:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
884:
882:
875:
867:
866:
864:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
832:
830:
823:
822:
813:
807:
802:
796:
794:
790:
789:
787:
786:
785:
784:
773:
771:
767:
766:
763:
762:
760:
759:
758:
757:
755:New Suez Canal
746:
744:
740:
739:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
710:
708:
704:
703:
701:
700:
698:Ismaïlia Canal
695:
690:
685:
680:
674:
672:
665:
664:Infrastructure
661:
660:
658:
657:
656:
655:
645:
640:
639:
638:
633:
622:
620:
616:
615:
608:
606:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
576:
574:
570:
569:
562:
561:
554:
547:
539:
533:
532:
526:
513:
507:
490:
484:
478:. I.B.Tauris.
471:
465:
450:
447:
444:
443:
441:Ibrahim, p.145
434:
421:
401:
388:
368:
350:
338:
325:
305:
292:
291:
289:
286:
272:
269:
252:
249:
232:
229:
162:
159:
127:
126:
123:
116:
115:
112:
106:
105:
98:31.267; 32.200
73:
67:
66:
57:
56:
49:
48:
42:
41:
40:
39:
36:
35:
33:The Nile Delta
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2574:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2532:
2524:
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2514:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2502:
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2476:
2473:
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2468:
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2458:
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2453:
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2448:
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2412:
2409:
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2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2395:
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2390:
2387:
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2373:
2370:
2368:
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2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
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707:Constructions
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508:1-57607-042-5
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485:1-86064-548-8
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466:0-8213-3321-6
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365:. p. 60.
361:
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348:Zahran, p.283
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221:Ancient Greek
218:
212:
203:
199:
195:
189:
183:
177:
168:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:بحيرة المنزلة
137:
133:
124:
121:
117:
113:
111:
107:
102:
74:
68:
46:
37:
30:
25:
20:
16:Lake in Egypt
2357:Coat of arms
2327:Architecture
2216:Christianity
2196:Prostitution
2142:Human rights
2101:Abaza family
2089:Universities
2054:Demographics
2007:Billionaires
1651:Constitution
1646:Conscription
1629:Governorates
1510:Halfaya Pass
1380:1954–present
1340:Constitution
1295:2010s Crisis
1207:World War II
1169:Urabi revolt
1086:Islamization
1020:31st Dynasty
1015:27th Dynasty
817:
683:Lake Manzala
682:
520:. Springer.
517:
501:. ABC-CLIO.
496:
475:
456:
437:
426:. Retrieved
411:
404:
393:. Retrieved
378:
371:
353:
330:. Retrieved
315:
308:
282:
254:
242:
234:
216:
197:
164:
142:
132:Lake Manzala
131:
130:
58:Lake Manzala
22:Lake Manzala
2521:WikiProject
2282:Scientology
2152:LGBT rights
2074:Law schools
1858:Lighthouses
1801:Agriculture
1530:Mount Sinai
1490:Earthquakes
1290:Mubarak era
1261:Six-Day War
1251:Suez Crisis
1246:Land reform
993:Prehistoric
871:Suez Crisis
770:Marine life
688:Lake Timsah
573:Authorities
303:Dinar, p.51
261:Lake Timsah
198:pi-Manjōili
194:Middle Ages
96: /
71:Coordinates
2557:Nile Delta
2546:Categories
2433:Newspapers
2423:Mass media
2275:Synagogues
2243:Irreligion
2191:Literature
2186:Liberalism
2125:Healthcare
2027:Corruption
1710:Parliament
1641:Corruption
1636:Civil Code
1579:Suez Canal
1537:Nile Delta
1422:Alexandria
1392:Population
1387:Parliament
1355:Healthcare
1236:Nasser era
1010:Achaemenid
985:Chronology
818:Ever Given
671:Waterworks
566:Suez Canal
449:References
428:2009-04-10
395:2009-04-10
332:2009-04-10
257:Suez Canal
251:Suez Canal
217:Xenedokhou
206:ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲛϫⲱⲓⲗⲓ
147:Nile Delta
2562:Port Said
2428:Magazines
2418:Egyptians
2253:Ahmadiyya
2164:Languages
2130:Hospitals
2064:Education
1931:Transport
1890:Aswan Dam
1818:Companies
1759:Terrorism
1725:President
1688:Massacres
1678:Judiciary
1656:Elections
1525:Mountains
1454:Geography
1432:Port Said
1375:1939–1954
1370:1928–1938
1325:Anarchism
1268:Sadat era
1212:Sultanate
1159:Khedivate
1059:Christian
1027:Ptolemaic
743:Expansion
653:Suez Port
631:Port Fuad
626:Port Said
231:Geography
225:Ξενεδόχου
176:romanized
161:Etymology
151:Port Said
2501:Category
2465:Olympics
2401:Football
2233:Hinduism
2201:Religion
2108:Feminism
2096:Families
2059:Diaspora
2022:Censuses
2012:Cannabis
1997:Abortion
1941:Airports
1936:Airlines
1912:Internet
1715:Passport
1693:Military
1666:Missions
1613:Politics
1594:Wildlife
1318:By topic
1231:Republic
1066:Sassanid
878:Timeline
643:Ismailia
263:and the
114:Brackish
2531:Commons
2450:Museums
2394:regions
2362:Cuisine
2347:Castles
2319:Culture
2289:Smoking
2270:Judaism
2258:Mosques
2137:Housing
2084:Schools
1990:General
1979:Society
1919:Tourism
1848:Fishing
1806:Banking
1790:Economy
1515:Islands
1505:Geology
1500:Fossils
1485:Deserts
1480:Climate
1470:Borders
1416:By city
1402:Saladin
1350:Genetic
1330:Capital
1217:Kingdom
1132:Ottoman
998:Ancient
973:History
793:History
678:Suezmax
271:Ecology
213:
190:
178::
84:32°12′E
81:31°16′N
2511:Portal
2352:Cinema
2206:Baháʼí
2120:Health
1868:Mining
1838:Energy
1562:Rivers
1475:Cities
1397:Postal
1178:Modern
1123:Mamluk
1081:Fustat
1071:Muslim
1003:topics
961:topics
873:(1956)
821:(2021)
812:(1846)
524:
505:
482:
463:
419:
386:
323:
202:Coptic
182:nazala
167:Arabic
136:Arabic
2455:Music
2438:Radio
2379:Films
2309:Women
2263:Niqāb
2248:Islam
2032:Crime
1873:Mines
1589:Wadis
1547:Oases
1520:Lakes
1465:Biota
1427:Cairo
1345:Copts
1154:Nahda
1044:Roman
959:Egypt
582:(SCA)
363:(PDF)
288:Notes
155:Tanis
149:near
125:Egypt
120:Basin
2389:list
2384:Flag
2372:Wine
2367:Beer
2047:Rape
1742:list
1730:list
1567:Nile
1360:Jews
782:List
648:Suez
522:ISBN
503:ISBN
480:ISBN
461:ISBN
417:ISBN
384:ISBN
321:ISBN
211:lit.
188:lit.
110:Type
171:نزل
2548::
2443:TV
341:^
296:^
223::
208:,
204::
185:,
173:,
169::
138::
951:e
944:t
937:v
880:)
876:(
558:e
551:t
544:v
530:.
511:.
488:.
469:.
431:.
398:.
335:.
219:(
200:(
134:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
