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The good Lord who had sent the
Lakwena decided to change his work from that of a doctor to that of a military commander for one simple reason: it is useless to cure a man today only that he be killed the next. So it became an obligation on his part to stop the bloodshed before continuing his work as
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The spirit
Lakwena said to the mountain or to the rock: "God has sent me to find out why there is theft in the world." The mountain answered: "I have gone nowhere and have stolen no one's children. But people come here to me and name the names of those whom I should kill . Some ask me for medicine .
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At this time, there was a perceived spiritual crisis in the area coinciding with the threat posed by occupying southern forces. The increased level of societal tension and number of deaths were attributed to witchcraft. Moreover, many soldiers fleeing back into Acholi after their defeat at
Kampala
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Remaining childless after two marriages, Auma moved away from her hometown. She eventually converted to
Christianity but, on 25 May 1985, she reportedly went insane, unable to either hear or speak, later claiming to have been possessed by the spirit Lakwena. Her father took her to eleven different
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was a rebellion of nature deserves explication. According to the story, Lakwena first held court with all the animals of the park to explore the theme of the ongoing war in the south and the destruction of the environment by warring
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and the increasingly brutal counterinsurgency of the NRA. Legend in the later movement holds that on 6 August 1986, Lakwena ordered Auma to stop her work as a diviner and healer, which was pointless in the midst of war, and create a
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from August 1986 until
November 1987. The primary spirit she purportedly channelled was that of a dead army officer called "Lakwena", meaning messenger, which the Acholi believe to be a manifestation of the Christian
330:'s government. However, subsequent military setbacks suffered by the HSM prompted some followers to accuse Auma of being a witch and of using spirits for destructive ends. As the HSM suffered its final defeat under
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God said that there was a tribe in Uganda that was hated everywhere. This tribe was the Acholi. And God ordered that a lamb be offered, so that they should repent their sins and to put an end to the bloodshed in
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Although Auma's practice as a medium immediately after returning to Gulu was not particularly successful, the tale of Paraa became the central text of the HSM. In particular
Lakwena's discourse that the
72:. The combined persona of Alice Auma channelling the spirit Lakwena is often referred to as "Alice Lakwena". Auma's HSM was ultimately defeated in November 1987 by Ugandan forces led by Yoweri Museveni.
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previously claimed that Auma and he were cousins, however, he merely did so in order to garner support from her constituents. Auma herself always distanced herself from Kony and his views.
403:, and the water said: "I fight against the sinners, for they are the ones to blame for the bloodshed. Go and fight against the sinners, because they throw their brothers into the water."
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and bloodshed in this world." And the water said: "The people with two legs kill their brothers and throw their bodies into the water." The spirit asked the water what it did with the
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Lakwena said to the animals: "You animals, God sent me to ask you whether you bear responsibility for the bloodshed in Uganda." The animals denied blame, and the
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Auma claimed that
Lakwena required that she be possessed by numerous other spirits to achieve its goals. This was unusual in Acholi spirit-behavior.
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In
November 2004, she was implicated in child trafficking from Gulu to the refugee camp. In 2006, she claimed to have discovered a cure for
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of the people the soldiers had killed, but the elders found that they no longer had the authority to force compliance with the convention.
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analyzed the biography of Alice
Lakwena and the history of the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda from anthropological perspectives.
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361:. Auma died on 17 January 2007, after having been sick for about a week with an unknown illness claimed to be HIV/AIDS.
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Ruddy Doom and Koen
Vlassenroot (1999). "Kony's message: A new Koine? The Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda".
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This is the sin of the people. I want to give you water to heal diseases. But you must fight against the sinners."
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refused traditional purification ceremonies. These rituals were believed to protect the community from the
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In the climax to the story, God himself specifies who is to blame for all of the suffering and bloodshed:
136:(HSM) to fight evil and end the bloodshed. This divine mission required the retaking of the capital of
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towards Kampala. There, she garnered much support from other ethnic groups that had grievances with
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Van Acker, Franck (2004). "Uganda and The Lord's Resistance Army: The New Order No One Ordered".
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to deal with the issue of witchcraft. The mountain greeted their arrival with large explosions:
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After a series of spectacular victories, Auma led the Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) south out of
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witches, but none alleviated her condition. Auma claimed Lakwena then guided her to
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for the remainder of her life, and claimed to have been abandoned by the spirits.
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fire in the forests near Kampala, Auma fled and claimed that Lakwena had left her.
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Video made in 2000 for CTV (Canada), featuring an interview with Alice Lakwena.
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Lakwena said to the waterfall: "Water, I am coming to ask you about the
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and spiritual healer. She worked in the midst of the chaos of the anti-
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Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985–97
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Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits. War in Northern Uganda 1986–97,
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Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits. War in Northern Uganda 1986–97.
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rebellion against the Ugandan government forces of President
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793:"SOLDIER BOYS" Joseph Kony and the Lord's Resistance Army
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Alice Auma was born in 1956. She was the daughter of
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759:"Resistance Army Leader in Kenya after 'Holy War'"
417:After briefly returning home, Lakwena led Auma to
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581:"Alice Lakwena: From fishmonger to rebel leader"
391:Lakwena then questioned the water about the war:
27:Ugandan Acholi spirit-medium and revolutionary
700:"Rebel leader was seen as 'spiritual medium'"
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768:s Weekend Edition Saturday, 12 November 2005
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761:(streaming audio) by Eric Westervelt,
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383:displayed a wound on his leg, and the
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666:"Alice Lakwena, Ugandan Rebel, Dies"
641:"Former rebel chief Lakwena is dead"
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869:Founders of new religious movements
772:"Uganda's mystic rebel leader dies"
569:(390). Royal African Society: 5–36.
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698:Ochami, David (18 January 2007).
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839:People from Gulu District
735:. Ohio University Press.
226:War in Uganda (1986–1994)
874:Female religious leaders
127:(NRA) insurgency of the
125:National Resistance Army
55:who, as the head of the
729:Behrend, Heike (2000).
859:Women in war 1945–1999
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246:Holy Spirit Movement
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788:Mail & Guardian
645:www.newvision.co.ug
614:. 25 January 2007.
470:Christianity portal
241:Christmas massacres
106:Paraa National Park
844:Protestant mystics
670:The New York Times
440:Critical reception
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780:, 17 January 2007
742:978-0-8214-4570-9
523:. 12 January 2021
365:The Tale of Paraa
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160:Lord's Resistance
16:(Redirected from
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483:Tito Okello
478:Joseph Kony
419:Mount Kilak
256:Joseph Kony
119:as a minor
113:Tito Okello
93:Joseph Kony
70:Holy Spirit
803:Categories
504:References
412:Acholiland
372:insurgency
346:camp near
324:Acholiland
200:Juba talks
76:Early life
61:millennial
46:Alice Auma
714:26 August
678:0362-4331
620:0013-0613
527:26 August
332:artillery
261:KONY 2012
195:2002–2005
190:1994–2002
185:1987–1994
149:a doctor.
99:Biography
456:See also
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359:HIV/AIDS
521:Monitor
435:Acholi.
401:sinners
381:buffalo
344:refugee
138:Kampala
18:Lakwena
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348:Dadaab
121:oracle
50:Acholi
352:Kenya
737:ISBN
716:2024
685:2019
674:ISSN
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616:ISSN
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