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with a thickness between 50m and less than 25m. Although this sequence only crops out in these basins, the fact that it underlies 25% of London at a depth of less than 30m means the formation is of engineering interest for tunnelling and foundations.
278:
in 1846, but in 1853 he proposed the name
Woolwich-and-Reading Beds to emphasise the differing local aspects of the series. This name received widespread usage, but it was in turn deprecated in 1994 in favour of the
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238:. It comprises a complex of vertically and laterally varying gravels, sands, silts and clays deposited between 56-55 million years before present during the
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Bedrock geology UK south. An explanation of the bedrock geology map of
England and Wales – 1:625,000 fifth edition
365:
sands with marine fossils occurs in east Kent. Where it rests on the Thanet beds it is an argillaceous greensand with rounded
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462:. Bricks, tiles and coarse pottery and occasionally firebricks have been made from the clay beds in this formation.
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319:. They are found in the north of the London Basin, mid-west of the Thames Basin and in the Hampshire Basin.
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pebbly conglomerate in a siliceous matrix. The fossils, estuarine, freshwater and marine, include
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249:). It is found throughout the London Basin with a thickness between 10m and 30m, and the
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350:. At the base of the shell-rich clayer lay in southeast London are pebble beds and
651:
Hight, D.W.; Ellison, R.A.; Page, D.P. (2004). "Engineering in the
Lambeth Group".
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287:, to conform with new standards and to allow scope for more detailed subdivisions.
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and sands, here and there with pebbly beds and masses of fine sand converted into
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Exposure in
Gilbert's Pit. Dark grey clays, and light grey shelly clays of the
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646:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 819.
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it is more clayey and the flints are less rounded and are green-coated.
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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shells comprise a great deal, in places including a well-marked
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is a distinctive rock from near the base of the formation; a
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Construction
Industry Research and Information Association
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The formation was first known as the
Plastic Clay by
664:. Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey.
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51:overlying yellow-brown weathering sands of the
474:Basin, the Lambeth Group usually rests on the
381:the Reading Formation appears on the coast at
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334:bed (strata). It overspills borders of west
338:, is found in edges of east Kent, in south
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606:Learn how and when to remove this message
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569:This article includes a list of general
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702:Geological groups of the United Kingdom
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266:in 1816 after the Argile plastique of
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295:The Lambeth Group consists of three
274:. It was called the Mottled Clay by
326:: grey clays and pale sands, often
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575:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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307:: a series of lenticular mottled
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385:and at other points inland. The
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506:. It is usually covered by the
369:pebbles; where it rests on the
697:Geologic formations of England
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315:. These beds are generally un
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707:Paleocene Series of Europe
466:Stratigraphic relationship
387:Hertfordshire puddingstone
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638:Woolwich-and-Reading Beds
285:British Geological Survey
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643:Encyclopædia Britannica
590:more precise citations.
660:Jackson, A.A. (2007).
482:, but is found on the
429:(Melanatria) inquinata
222:, a set of geological
438:, and the remains of
727:Geology of Hampshire
220:stratigraphic group
27:Stratigraphic range
324:Woolwich Formation
82:Woolwich Formation
49:Woolwich Formation
732:Geology of London
712:Paleogene England
671:978-0-85272-586-3
616:
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508:Harwich Formation
456:) and the mammal
414:Viva parus lentus
361:: light-coloured
305:Reading Formation
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476:Thanet Formation
276:Joseph Prestwich
232:Hampshire Basins
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359:Upnor Formation
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251:Hampshire Basin
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74:Upnor Formation
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272:A. Brongniart
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516:Thames Group
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383:Studland Bay
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363:false-bedded
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234:of southern
215:
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203:London Basin
159:Conglomerate
92:Thames Group
15:
588:introducing
484:Chalk Group
409:bellovacina
398:cuneiformis
291:Subdivision
224:rock strata
106:Chalk Group
102:Thanet Sand
691:Categories
571:references
552:References
496:Hungerford
459:Coryphodon
444:crocodiles
297:formations
264:T. Webster
115:Up to 39 m
680:243694452
512:formation
472:Hampshire
453:Gastornis
450:, birds (
422:hemistoma
420:Planorbis
396:Corbicula
328:estuarine
313:sandstone
173:southern
155:Sandstone
147:Limestone
120:Lithology
112:Thickness
88:Underlies
70:Sub-units
31:Thanetian
500:Hertford
492:Charlton
436:globulus
434:Neritina
352:lignitic
344:Newhaven
240:Ypresian
165:Location
98:Overlies
35:Ypresian
631::
584:improve
514:of the
504:Reading
488:Bromley
478:of the
440:turtles
427:Melania
354:layers.
342:and at
283:by the
258:History
245:(lower
236:England
226:in the
181:Country
175:England
151:Lignite
125:Primary
678:
668:
625:
573:, but
448:sharks
407:Ostrea
379:Dorset
348:Sussex
332:oyster
247:Eocene
228:London
199:Extent
190:
170:Region
143:Gravel
522:Notes
486:near
391:flint
371:chalk
367:flint
340:Essex
309:clays
218:is a
135:Other
64:Group
676:OCLC
666:ISBN
502:and
357:The
336:Kent
322:The
303:The
270:and
230:and
214:The
205:and
139:Sand
129:Clay
60:Type
640:".
377:In
299::
243:age
693::
674:.
530:^
518:.
498:,
494:,
490:,
446:,
442:,
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417:,
411:,
404:,
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346:,
193:UK
157:,
153:,
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29::
682:.
609:)
603:(
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594:(
580:.
544:.
33:-
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
