193:– was dissatisfied with Swiss politics in the 1930s and, therefore, founded the Alliance of Independents with a group of like-minded people. According to its statute, it was not meant to be a political party but an association to help reconcile capitalists and workers. From the beginning, the LdU also served the interests of the Migros cooperative, successfully lobbying against legislation that impeded its business model by restricting networks of general stores or sales by trucks (one of Migros' marketing strategies).
228:) and won one seat in the National Council of Switzerland elections the following autumn. However, this breakaway did not last long. During the era of Duttweiler, the party always won around 5% of the vote. However, the party was never successful in Switzerland or central Switzerland's French or Italian-speaking regions (except in
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In the mid-1980s, the ecologist wing of the party became the most dominant. Already in 1982, members of the green and social liberal wings of the party had resigned. Since the most significant financial backer of the party, Migros had ideological problems with the ecological wing of the party, it
244:
to the
National Council of Switzerland, thus becoming the strongest opposition party. The LdU was mainly voted for by urban middle-class voters (blue-collar workers and civil servants). Several new local affiliates in different cantons were founded at this time. In the late 1970s, a conflict over
291:
and Green parties. In the 1990s, the party tried unsuccessfully to win back these voters by returning to its social liberal roots. Following numerous election losses and prominent politicians' defections to other parties, the LdU disbanded on
December 4, 1999.
135:
240:
After the death of longtime chairman
Duttweiler in 1962, the party established itself as a social liberal alternative between the left and the right. It won 9.1% and 16 seats out of 200 in the
216:). Since the original plan to unite the best politicians of all parties in one group did not work, the Alliance of Independents was transformed into a political party on December 30, 1936.
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Duttweiler's authoritarian style of leadership, combined with his vague political positions, led to a breakaway of leading figures from the party in 1943. These ran as
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The political scientist D.L. Seiler has called it "a commercial enterprise continued by other means". The party won seven seats in the
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had to be converted into a weekly newspaper. The party lost its profile, and its voters switched to new parties and protest groups (
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massively reduced its donations to the party. Due to financial problems, the daily party newspaper
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wing of the party confronted the traditional opponents of the
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elections in 1935 (although the seats were won in only three
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The Age of
Catastrophe: A History of the West 1914–1945
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The party continued to lose more of its voters to the
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Unabhängig-freie Liste (Eng: Independent- Free List
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564:Die Entstehung und Entwicklung des LdU bis 1943.
578:Lexikon zur Geschichte der Parteien in Europa.
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491:. Cambridge University Press. p. 368.
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696:Political parties disestablished in 1999
651:Defunct political parties in Switzerland
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666:Green political parties in Switzerland
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691:Political parties established in 1936
686:1999 disestablishments in Switzerland
526:. Yale University Press. p. 320.
245:policy broke out in the party. A new
236:Social Liberal Phase after Duttweiler
621:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
557:Die Migros und die Politik. Der LdU.
169:that existed between 1936 and 1999.
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681:1936 establishments in Switzerland
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598:Landesring der Unabhängigen (LdU)
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144:Landesring der Unabhängigen (LdU)
580:Seiten 614/615. Stuttgart 1981.
522:Heinrich August Winkler (2015).
661:Centrist parties in Switzerland
636:Jahrbuch Schweizerische Politik
539:Die Parteiensysteme Westeuropas
198:National Council of Switzerland
152:Alliance des Indépendants (AdI)
656:Liberal parties in Switzerland
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489:Liberal parties in Switzerland
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167:political party in Switzerland
27:Political party in Switzerland
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131:National Ring of Independents
571:Die Parteien in der Schweiz.
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18:Landesring der Unabhängigen
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39:Landesring der Unabhängige
160:Anello degli Indipendenti
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47:Anello degli Indipendenti
43:Alliance des Indépendants
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541:, VS Verlag, p. 400
189:, a retail business and
123:Alliance of Independents
35:Alliance of Independents
453:. Longman. p. 656.
449:Francis Jacobs (1989).
283:Decline and Disbandment
101:Politics of Switzerland
676:Social liberal parties
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555:J. Meynaud/A. Korff:
424:. Routledge. p.
251:social market economy
487:D.L. Seiler (1988).
191:consumer cooperative
173:History of the party
127:Ring of Independents
416:Amir Abedi (2004).
384:Notable politicians
303:Gottlieb Duttweiler
257:Green Liberal Phase
183:Gottlieb Duttweiler
59:Gottlieb Duttweiler
363:Monika Weber (de)
289:Social Democratic
185:– the founder of
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87:Social liberalism
16:(Redirected from
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310:Rudolf Suter
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569:E. Gruner:
559:ZĂĽrich 1967
550:Works cited
505:|work=
467:|work=
451:Switzerland
348: [
338:Walter Biel
327: [
313: [
273:Green Party
645:Categories
573:Bern, 1977
403:References
368:1996–1998
361:1992–1996
343:1985–1992
336:1978–1985
322:1973–1978
308:1962–1973
301:1936–1962
269:(The Deed)
210:St. Gallen
632:1987–2003
507:ignored (
497:cite book
469:ignored (
459:cite book
277:Car Party
247:ecologist
178:Formation
136:‹See Tfd›
111:Elections
73:Dissolved
628:Dossier
398:(ZĂĽrich)
392:(Aargau)
379:(ZĂĽrich)
365:(ZĂĽrich)
340:(ZĂĽrich)
305:(ZĂĽrich)
296:Chairmen
162:) was a
82:Ideology
615:Italian
372:(Berne)
319:(Basel)
265:Die Tat
230:Lucerne
202:cantons
156:Italian
65:Founded
55:Founder
609:French
603:German
584:
432:
206:ZĂĽrich
187:Migros
148:French
140:German
634:from
375:1999
356:]
331:]
317:]
129:, or
612:and
600:in
582:ISBN
509:help
471:help
430:ISBN
214:Bern
212:and
121:The
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350:de
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473:)
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