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56:
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38:
1975:
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877:
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577:. The flowering begins from the lowermost buds and gradually moves upward, so-called acropetal flowering. About two weeks are needed for all the flowers to open on the single branch. At the end of the second day and on the third day after the opening of the flowers, they close completely and the colour begins to fade. After three to four days, the setting of the pods takes place.
2918:(ICARDA) breeding programme in 1977 significant gains have been made. It supplies landraces and breeding lines for countries around the world, supplemented by other programmes in both developing (e.g. India) and developed (e.g. Australia and Canada) countries. In recent years, such collaborations among breeders and agronomists are becoming increasingly important.
2043:, this process is called dal milling. The moisture content of the lentils prior to dehulling is crucial to guarantee a good dehulling efficiency. The hull of lentils usually accounts for 6 to 7 percent of the total seed weight, which is lower than most legumes. Lentil flour can be produced by milling the seeds, like cereals.
1126:, seed size, planting time and growing conditions, and also from region to region. In South Asia, a seed rate of 30 to 40 kilograms per hectare (27 to 36 pounds per acre) is recommended. In West Asian countries, a higher seed rate is recommended, and also leads to a higher yield. The seeds should be sown 3 to 4 centimetres (
2059:
Lentils can be eaten soaked, germinated, fried, baked or boiled – the most common preparation method. The seeds require a cooking time of 10 to 40 minutes, depending on the variety; small varieties with the husk removed, such as the common red lentil, require shorter cooking times (and unlike
651:
Types can be classified according to their size, whether they are split or whole, or shelled or unshelled. Seed coats can range from light green to deep purple, as well as being tan, grey, brown, black or mottled. Shelled lentils show the colour of the cotyledon which can be yellow, orange, red, or
2921:
The focus lies on high yielding and stable cultivars for diverse environments to match the demand of a growing population. In particular, progress in quantity and quality as well as in the resistance to disease and abiotic stresses are the major breeding aims. Several varieties have been developed
549:
are present, they are small. The flowers, one to four in number, are small, white, pink, purple, pale purple, or pale blue in colour. They arise from the axils of the leaves, on a slender footstalk almost as long as the leaves. The pods are oblong, slightly inflated, and about 1.5 centimetres
2060:
most legumes don't require soaking). Most varieties have a distinctive, earthy flavor. Lentils with husks remain whole with moderate cooking, while those without husks tend to disintegrate into a thick purée, which may enable various dishes. The composition of lentils leads to a high
1118:
incorporated. For the seed placement and for later harvesting it is important that the surface is not uneven with large clods, stones, or protruding crop residue. It is also important that the soil be made friable and weed-free, so that seeding can be done at a uniform depth.
3616:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
3875:
Egli, I.; Davidsson, L.; Juillerat, M.a.; Barclay, D.; Hurrell, R.f. (1 November 2002). "The
Influence of Soaking and Germination on the Phytase Activity and Phytic Acid Content of Grains and Seeds Potentially Useful for Complementary Feedin".
2929:
species are a significant source of genetic variation for improving the relatively narrow genetic base of this crop. The wild species possess many diverse traits including disease resistances and abiotic stress tolerances. The above-mentioned
535:
The plant is a diploid, annual, bushy herb of erect, semierect, or spreading and compact growth and normally varies from 30 to 50 centimetres (12 to 20 in) in height. It has many hairy branches and its stem is slender and angular. The
2922:
applying conventional breeding methodologies. Serious genetic improvement for yield has been made, however, the full potential of production and productivity could not yet be tapped due to several biotic and abiotic stresses.
570: in) in diameter, in the characteristic lens shape. The seeds can also be mottled and speckled. The several cultivated varieties of lentil differ in size, hairiness, and colour of the leaves, flowers, and seeds.
3615:
3817:
Johnson, Casey R.; Thavarajah, Dil; Thavarajah, Pushparajah; Payne, Scott; Moore, Jayma; Ohm, Jae-Bom (2015). "Processing, cooking, and cooling affect prebiotic concentrations in lentil (Lens culinaris
Medikus)".
540:
bears 10 to 15 leaflets in five to eight pairs. The leaves are alternate, of oblong-linear and obtuse shape and from yellowish green to dark bluish green in colour. In general, the upper leaves are converted into
1094:, lentils are planted under relatively high temperatures at the end of the rainy season, and vegetative growth occurs on the residual soil moisture in the summer season. Rainfall during this time is limited. In
794:
three traditional genotypes of lentils native to the
Swabian Jura (Alps) in Germany and protected by the producers' association Öko-Erzeugergemeinschaft Alb-Leisa (engl. "Eco-producer association Alb-Leisa")
3664:
Zhang, Bing; Deng, Zeyuan; Tang, Yao; et al. (2014). "Fatty acid, carotenoid and tocopherol compositions of 20 Canadian lentil cultivars and synergistic contribution to antioxidant activities".
2914:
Although lentils have been an important crop for centuries, lentil breeding and genetic research have a relatively short history compared to that of many other crops. Since the inception of The
3914:
Kumar, Jitendra; Gupta, Sunanda; Gupta, Priyanka; Dubey, Sonali; Tomar, Ram Sewak Singh; Kumar, Shiv (2016). "Breeding strategies to improve lentil for diverse agro-ecological environments".
2032:
A combination of gravity, screens and air flow is used to clean and sort lentils by shape and density. After destoning, they may be separated by a color sorter and then packaged.
1090:
lentils are planted in the winter and spring under low temperatures and vegetative growth occurs in later spring and the summer. Rainfall during this time is not limited. In the
2915:
2906:. The phytates can be reduced by prolonged soaking and fermentation or sprouting. Cooking nearly completely removes the trypsin inhibitor activity; sprouting is also effective.
3594:
1102:, some lentils are planted as a winter crop before snowfall. Plant growth occurs during the time of snow melting. Under such cultivation, seed yields are often much higher.
2950:
subsp. orientalis are crossable and produce fully fertile seed. Between the different related species hybridisation barriers exist. According to their inter-crossability
2769:
1926:
3963:
Wong, Melissa M. L.; Gujaria-Verma, Neha; Ramsay, Larissa; Yuan, Hai Ying; Caron, Carolyn; Diapari, Marwan; Vandenberg, Albert; Bett, Kirstin E. (27 March 2015).
3012:
between groups. Even if crosses are successful, many undesired genes may be introduced as well in addition to the desired ones. This can be resolved by using a
2141:
for breakfast or snacks. Lentils are also used in many regional varieties of sweets. Lentil flour is used to prepare several different bread varieties, such as
418:. The word "lens" for the lentil is of classical Roman or Latin origin, possibly from a prominent Roman family named Lentulus, just as the family name "
4175:
1690:
2883:(therefore called "resistant starch"). Additional resistant starch is synthesized from gelatinized starch, during cooling, after lentils are cooked.
1024:
are dated to 11,000 BC. In archaeobotanical excavations carbonized remains of lentil seeds have been recovered from widely dispersed places such as
3020:
is crucial to create new and desirable varieties. According to Yadav et al. other biotechnology techniques which may impact on lentil breeding are
5280:
5001:
2867:
The low levels of readily digestible starch (5 percent) and high levels of slowly digested starch make lentils of potential value to people with
532:
of the germinating seed stay in the ground and inside the seed coat. Therefore, it is less vulnerable to frost, wind erosion, or insect attack.
3848:
Vidal-Valverde C, Frias F, Estrella I, Gorospe MJ, Ruiz R, Bacon J (1994). "Effect of processing on some antinutritional factors of lentils".
5053:
932:. Canada produced the largest share, 2.2 million tonnes, or roughly 34% of the world's total output (table), nearly all (95%) of it in
4483:
4093:
5128:
1060:
Lentils can grow on various soil types, from sand to clay loam, growing best in deep sandy loam soils with moderate fertility. A soil
3623:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
3017:
5254:
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3455:), the domesticate, differs from the wild species in having indehiscent pods, due to a single recessive gene, and nondormant seeds.
3397:
5014:
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flatbread. Yellow lentils are used to make a non-spicy stew, which is one of the first solid foods
Ethiopians feed their babies.
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2233:
Lentils were a chief part of the diet of ancient
Iranians, who consumed lentils daily in the form of a stew poured over rice.
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2205:. In Western countries, cooked lentils are often used in salads. In Italy, the traditional dish for New Year's Eve is
4037:
3228:
2014:
638:
3267:
3241:
1576:
3555:
Bora, Pushkar Singh (2002). "Functional properties of native and succinylated lentil (Lens culinaris) globulins".
5267:
5058:
4988:
3024:
using meristamatic explants, callus culture and regeneration, protoplast culture and doubled haploid production.
2130:. Boiled lentils and lentil stock are used to thicken most vegetarian curries. They are also used as stuffing in
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785:
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1996:
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Many different names in different parts of the world are used for the crop lentil. The first use of the word
2765:
4931:
4918:
3965:"Classification and Characterization of Species within the Genus Lens Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS)"
3582:
2035:
A major part of the world's red lentil production undergoes a secondary processing step. These lentils are
1307:
1072:
4840:
4025:
2816:(45% DV), iron (25% DV), manganese (24% DV), and phosphorus (26% DV). They are a good source (10% DV) of
1956:
415:
4967:
5303:
5141:
2856:
2756:
1906:
1065:
3790:
Tovar J (1996). "Bioavailability of carbohydrates in legumes: digestible and indigestible fractions".
3097:
5068:
4079:
3707:
Ramdath D, Renwick S, Duncan AM (2016). "The Role of Pulses in the
Dietary Management of Diabetes".
3447:
native to the Near East; the other species may have contributed some genetic diversity to the crop.
2152:, which has a similar cooking time. A lentil and rice dish is referred to in Levantine countries as
1071:
Lentils improve the physical properties of soils and increase the yield of succeeding cereal crops.
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4739:
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19:
This article is about the species Vicia lens. For a the word "lentil" used in a broader sense, see
5032:
2076:
Lentils are used worldwide in many different dishes. Lentil dishes are most widespread throughout
730:
Brewer's: a large brown lentil which is often considered the "regular" lentil in the United States
55:
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1992:
1985:
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1936:
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4204:
3354:"Production of lentils in 2022; Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity/Year from pick lists"
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1946:
1848:
1749:
1734:
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The conditions under which lentils are grown differ across different growing regions. In the
513:
was considered to be the progenitor of the cultivated lentil and was generally classified as
182:
5107:
3138:
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3375:
2666:
2627:
1855:
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Digestibility of legume starches as influenced by their physical and structural properties
8:
4050:
2768:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
2679:
2107:
2040:
1883:
777:
3980:
1052:(5500–5000 BC) and Argissa-Magula Tessaly in Greece (6000–5000 BC), along other places.
1016:
is considered to be the Middle East. The oldest known carbonized remains of lentil from
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4138:
3999:
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1539:
1372:
1320:
989:
944:, which together account for roughly 70 percent of the national lentil production.
574:
477:
462:
5220:
2176:, a popular dish in the Indian subcontinent (India and Pakistan); a similar dish,
1154: in) deep. In agriculturally mechanized countries, lentils are planted using
764:
Beluga: black, bead-like, lens-shaped, almost spherical, named for resemblance to
560: in) long. Normally, each of them contains two seeds, about 0.5 centimetres (
5362:
5357:
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4820:
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4128:
3989:
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3426:
2899:
2880:
1757:
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1457:
1432:
1348:
679:
Masoor dal (unshelled lentils with a brown seed coat and an orange-red cotyledon)
339:
93:
5169:
5045:
3742:
Mudryj AN, Yu N, Aukema HM (2014). "Nutritional and health benefits of pulses".
5115:
4550:
4387:
4351:
4180:
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3618:
2198:
1705:
1075:
or other rotational effects could be the reason for higher yields after lentils
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937:
393:
80:
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and the Indo-Gangetic plain. The primary center of diversity for the domestic
5351:
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4297:
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3356:. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division. 2024
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3158:
3136:
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content. Trypsin is an enzyme involved in digestion, and phytates reduce the
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1608:
1167:
941:
765:
199:
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973:, although other species may also have contributed some genes, according to
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335:
4062:
Lentils – Country
Production, Consumption, Exports, and Imports Statistics
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Crosses generally fail between members of different gene pools. However,
2809:
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2252:
2190:
2138:
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1001:
982:
362:
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736:
Laird: the commercial standard for large green lentils in western Canada
585:
5259:
4954:
4488:
4473:
4377:
4312:
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2852:
2844:
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1999: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1191:
1187:
1155:
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1025:
623: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2126:, lentil curry is part of the everyday diet, eaten with both rice and
936:. India was the world's second-largest producer, led by the states of
4980:
4887:
4709:
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2123:
2119:
2115:
2099:
2085:
1328:
1199:
1171:
993:
981:, 2017). Unlike their wild ancestors, domesticated lentil crops have
864:
791:
529:
509:
and six related wild taxa. Among the different taxa of wild lentils,
458:
455:
149:
4765:
3027:
There is a proposed revision of the gene pools using SNP phylogeny.
1974:
598:
37:
5316:
5203:
5154:
4788:
4704:
4684:
4669:
4545:
4524:
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4448:
4443:
4170:
4071:
3467:
Jain, Shri Mohan; Al-Khayri, Jameel M.; Johnson, Dennis V. (2019).
2875:
classified as RS1. A minimum of 10% in starch from lentils escapes
2868:
2817:
2390:
2213:
2194:
2061:
2051:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1123:
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525:
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354:
139:
106:
16:
Species of flowering plant with edible seeds in the family
Fabaceae
5272:
4993:
4892:
3847:
2804:
ounces), cooked lentils (boiled; variety unspecified) provide 114
346:. It is about 40 cm (16 in) tall, and the seeds grow in
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4638:
4595:
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1111:
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480:
129:
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3499:
Shyam S. Yadav; David McNeil; Philip C. Stevenson, eds. (2007).
3137:
Shyam S. Yadav; David McNeil; Philip C. Stevenson, eds. (2007).
1064:
around 7 would be the best. Lentils do not tolerate flooding or
493:
4879:
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4317:
4307:
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2474:
2226:
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1203:
1175:
1170:– a practice commonly used in lentil cultivation –
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997:
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882:
828:
537:
469:
419:
347:
331:
119:
20:
3223:
Harold McGee, "On Food and
Cooking", 2004 Edition, Scribners.
2916:
International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas
2224:, one of the dishes people eat with Ethiopia's national food,
4714:
4679:
4659:
4580:
4565:
4519:
4514:
4463:
4413:
4403:
4302:
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2282:
1029:
929:
846:
811:
487:
411:
382:
370:
159:
67:
3067:
784:): Small dark speckled blue-green lentil from France with a
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4570:
4356:
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3962:
2840:
2202:
2149:
2127:
2111:
2036:
1049:
473:
378:
374:
343:
3609:
3587:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2189:
Lentils are used to prepare an inexpensive and nutritious
365:, split lentils (often with their hulls removed) known as
3037:
2787:
2312:
2131:
366:
3470:
Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes: Volume 7
1161:
3494:
3492:
3490:
1061:
928:
In 2022, global production of lentils was 6.7 million
3268:"Lentils 101: What To Do With Lentils And Why Bother"
2938:
possess morphological similarities to the cultivated
1174:
may be needed to assure crop health. Like many other
4232:
3913:
3706:
3487:
3466:
3443:
The primary progenitor of the cultigen is evidently
3428:
Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster
3063:
1224:
Below is a list of the most common lentil diseases.
45:
Puy (left), green (center), and red (right) lentils
3700:
3620:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
1105:
3663:
3534:"Microstructure of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris)"
3143:. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
2578:
2380:
685:Red Chief (light tan seed coat and red cotyledon)
5349:
3190:
2242:Lentils, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, with salt
2162:. In Iran, rice and lentil is served with fried
3378:. Lentils.org, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. 2022
2170:. Rice and lentils are also cooked together in
3741:
3575:
3291:
2954:species can be divided into three gene pools:
2247:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
2064:capacity which can be even increased by dough
4087:
3916:Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding
3909:
3907:
3657:
3544:: 241–246 – via digitalcommons.usu.edu.
3531:
2790:(table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (
1158:, but many other areas still hand broadcast.
1122:The plant densities for lentils vary between
545:, whereas the lower leaves are mucronate. If
3746:(Review. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't).
2808:, and are a rich source (20% or more of the
3186:
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3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
497:Lentil plants in the field before flowering
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4080:
4051:" Multilingual taxonomic information"
3904:
3583:United States Food and Drug Administration
3532:HUGHES, Joe S.; Swanson, Barry G. (1986).
2182:, made in Egypt, is considered one of two
1453:Cylindrosporium leaf spot and stem canker
36:
3998:
3988:
3309:
2015:Learn how and when to remove this message
639:Learn how and when to remove this message
3843:
3841:
3820:Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
3501:Lentil: an ancient crop for modern times
3420:
3418:
3165:
3140:Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times
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2050:
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492:
414:was in the 17th century by the botanist
392:
388:
223:(Czefr.) H.Schaef., Coulot & Rabaute
3789:
3368:
3292:Slinkard, A. E.; Bhatty, R. S. (1979).
3193:The lentil: botany, production and uses
2871:. The remaining 65% of the starch is a
1806:
1081:
682:Petite crimson (shelled Masoor lentils)
5350:
4067:Alternative Field Crops Manual: Lentil
3776:Kawaljit Singh Sandhu, Seung-Taik Lim
3092:
3090:
397:Illustration of the lentil plant, 1885
353:Lentils are used around the world for
293:(L.) Huth (1893), not validly publ.
4770:
4769:
4075:
3838:
3424:
3415:
3348:
3346:
1162:Cultivation management, fertilization
965:was derived from its wild subspecies
5069:c6253487-99db-4312-8747-3283ecb03666
4101:
3554:
3398:"India production of Lentil (Masur)"
3265:
2862:
2236:
1997:adding citations to reliable sources
1968:
1055:
621:adding citations to reliable sources
592:
461:which is contained in the flowering
3087:
1110:The lentil requires a firm, smooth
1032:(6250–5950 BC), Aceramic Beidha in
979:Historical Geography of Crop Plants
359:cuisines of the Indian subcontinent
13:
5147:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001819-2
4019:
3890:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09609.x
3597:from the original on 27 March 2024
3343:
3242:"Pulse Australia - Southern guide"
2778:Boiled lentils are 70% water, 20%
2148:They are frequently combined with
1227:
722:Large green/brown-seed coat types:
706:Medium green/brown-seed coat types
690:Small green/brown-seed coat types:
350:, usually with two seeds in each.
14:
5384:
4043:
3950:"BATS: Methods of Plant Breeding"
3298:Canadian Journal of Plant Science
1892:
422:" was derived from the chickpea,
5309:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:524872-1
4235:
3066:
2757:Link to Full USDA Database entry
2071:
1973:
1964:
1044:(5800–5000 BC), Tepe Sabz (Ita.
893:
875:
857:
839:
821:
597:
54:
3956:
3942:
3868:
3810:
3783:
3770:
3735:
3645:from the original on 9 May 2024
3548:
3525:
3460:
3390:
3266:Hall, Suzanne (17 March 2014).
2843:(13%) (table). Lentils contain
2046:
1984:needs additional citations for
1106:Seedbed requirements and sowing
1012:as well as its wild progenitor
988:Lentil was domesticated in the
908:
786:Protected Designation of Origin
608:needs additional citations for
381:. Lentils are commonly used in
285:Moench (1794), nom. superfl.
3928:10.5958/0975-6906.2016.00071.7
3678:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.014
3318:
3285:
3259:
3234:
3217:
3191:Erskine, William, ed. (2009).
2212:Lentils are commonly eaten in
1658:Pythium root and seedling rot
1186:. Lentils grow well under low
947:
768:. Called Indianhead in Canada.
445:
369:are often cooked into a thick
1:
3569:10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00332-6
3080:
2055:Split red lentils (size 6 mm)
2039:, split and polished. In the
2027:
1272:Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
923:
4030:The Oxford Companion to Food
3990:10.1371/journal.pone.0122025
3107:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3008:allows the growth of viable
2764:Percentages estimated using
1073:Biological nitrogen fixation
1014:L. culinaris ssp. orientalis
985:pods and non-dormant seeds.
774:: big yellow Mexican lentils
505:consisted of the cultivated
7:
3503:. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
3425:Sauer, Jonathan D. (2017).
3326:"Cook's Thesaurus: Lentils"
3030:
2909:
2857:polyunsaturated fatty acids
2257:477 kJ (114 kcal)
2216:in a stew-like dish called
1957:Pea seed-borne mosaic virus
1903:Bean (pea) leaf roll virus
1535:Helminthosporium leaf spot
1213:
1190:input conditions, although
373:that is usually eaten with
10:
5389:
4230:
3832:10.1016/j.jfca.2014.10.008
3721:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.05.015
3105:Plants of the World Online
3048:Lentils with Swabian pasta
2197:, sometimes combined with
1907:Beet western yellows virus
1217:
1182:in the soil with specific
1114:with most of the previous
952:
202:) Coss. & Germ. (1845)
18:
5193:
4778:
4727:
4652:
4616:
4609:
4533:
4507:
4396:
4370:
4331:
4288:
4252:
4189:
4116:
4109:
3402:agriexchange.apeda.gov.in
3195:. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
2763:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2704:
2691:
2678:
2665:
2652:
2639:
2626:
2613:
2600:
2587:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2490:
2473:
2457:
2440:
2423:
2406:
2389:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2281:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2246:
801:Lentil production – 2022
800:
246:
239:
212:
207:
188:
181:
51:Scientific classification
49:
44:
35:
30:
3058:National Lentil Festival
1917:Bean yellow mosaic virus
1834:Rotylenchulus reniformis
1767:Stemphylium sarciniforme
1723:Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
1634:Leveillula leguminosarum
1279:Colletotrichum truncatum
1180:fix atmospheric nitrogen
754:Riveland (United States)
711:Avondale (United States)
589:Red and brown comparison
580:
410:to designate a specific
4117:Non-alcoholic beverages
4055:University of Melbourne
3878:Journal of Food Science
3780:Elsevier, 16 March 2007
3744:Appl Physiol Nutr Metab
3102:(L.) Coss. & Germ."
3002:plant growth regulators
2766:US recommendations
2195:North and South America
1927:Broad bean mottle virus
1793:Thanatephorus cucumeris
1499:Macrophomina phaseolina
1220:List of lentil diseases
751:Pennell (United States)
401:
3798:(4 Suppl 1): 36S–40S.
3756:10.1139/apnm-2013-0557
2894:and a relatively high
2879:and absorption in the
2770:the National Academies
2193:throughout Europe and
2166:; this dish is called
2103:
2056:
1937:Broad bean stain virus
1666:Pythium aphanidermatum
1507:Rhizoctonia bataticola
1361:Thielaviopsis basicola
1356:Black streak root rot
957:The cultivated lentil
664:Northfield (Australia)
590:
498:
436:) from the fava bean (
434:Quintus Fabius Maximus
398:
361:, where lentils are a
301:(L.) W.Wight (1912)
2979:Secondary gene pool:
2355:Vitamins and minerals
2209:served with lentils.
2098:
2054:
1953:Pea seedborne mosaic
1947:Cucumber mosaic virus
1866:Root lesion nematode
1849:Meloidogyne incognita
1812:Nematodes, parasitic
1750:Stemphylium botryosum
1735:Bipolaris sorokiniana
1718:Sclerotinia stem rot
1698:Uromyces viciae-fabae
1566:Cladosporium herbarum
1294:Aphanomyces euteiches
1289:Aphanomyces root rot
1168:intercropping systems
588:
496:
468:or commonly known as
396:
389:Botanical description
309:(L.) Stokes (1812)
269:(L.) Bernh. (1800)
253:(L.) Willd. (1802)
2989:Tertiary gene pool:
1993:improve this article
1856:Meloidogyne javanica
1807:Nematodes, parasitic
1246:Alternaria alternata
1082:Climate requirements
733:Castellana (Spanish)
656:Red-cotyledon types:
617:improve this article
4190:Alcoholic beverages
3981:2015PLoSO..1022025W
3862:10.1021/jf00046a039
3376:"Lentil production"
2442:Pantothenic acid (B
2243:
2108:Indian subcontinent
2041:Indian subcontinent
1913:Bean yellow mosaic
1899:
1884:Ditylenchus dipsaci
1841:Root knot nematode
1813:
1742:Stemphylium blight
1368:Botrytis gray mold
1234:
1178:crops, lentils can
996:and then spread to
714:Matilda (Australia)
676:Aldinga (Australia)
4653:Herbs & spices
4610:Common ingredients
3792:Arch Latinoam Nutr
3311:10.4141/cjps79-079
2892:trypsin inhibitors
2886:Lentils also have
2731:Other constituents
2241:
2104:
2057:
1923:Broad bean mottle
1897:
1829:Reniform nematode
1811:
1785:Rhizoctonia solani
1626:Leveillula taurica
1524:Fusarium oxysporum
1481:Peronospora viciae
1474:Peronospora lentis
1425:Sclerotium rolfsii
1393:Cercospora cruenta
1238:Alternaria blight
1232:
1088:temperate climates
748:Naslada (Bulgaria)
727:Boomer (Australia)
673:Nugget (Australia)
670:Digger (Australia)
667:Cobber (Australia)
661:Nipper (Australia)
591:
528:, which means the
499:
399:
5345:
5344:
5103:Open Tree of Life
4772:Taxon identifiers
4763:
4762:
4723:
4722:
4459:Macaroni béchamel
4228:
4227:
3856:(10): 2291–2295.
3850:J Agric Food Chem
3630:978-0-309-48834-1
3510:978-1-4020-6312-1
3480:978-3-030-23399-0
3438:978-1-351-44062-2
3202:978-1-84593-487-3
3150:978-1-4020-6312-1
3022:micro-propagation
3016:programme. Thus,
2958:Primary gene pool
2890:factors, such as
2863:Digestive effects
2776:
2775:
2721:
2720:
2237:Nutritional value
2068:in bread making.
2025:
2024:
2017:
1962:
1961:
1933:Broad bean stain
1890:
1889:
1822:Heterodera ciceri
1804:
1803:
1646:Oidiopsis taurica
1617:Erysiphe polygoni
1594:Phoma medicaginis
1441:Corticium rolfsii
1407:Cercospora zonata
1400:Cercospora lentis
1301:Ascochyta blight
1056:Soil requirements
921:
920:
815:
649:
648:
641:
501:The former genus
316:
315:
310:
302:
294:
286:
278:
270:
262:
254:
5380:
5338:
5337:
5325:
5324:
5312:
5311:
5299:
5298:
5289:
5288:
5276:
5275:
5263:
5262:
5250:
5249:
5237:
5236:
5224:
5223:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5186:
5185:
5173:
5172:
5163:
5162:
5150:
5149:
5137:
5136:
5124:
5123:
5111:
5110:
5098:
5097:
5085:
5084:
5072:
5071:
5062:
5061:
5049:
5048:
5046:NHMSYS0000460230
5036:
5035:
5023:
5022:
5010:
5009:
4997:
4996:
4984:
4983:
4971:
4970:
4958:
4957:
4945:
4944:
4935:
4934:
4922:
4921:
4909:
4908:
4896:
4895:
4883:
4882:
4870:
4869:
4857:
4856:
4844:
4843:
4834:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4767:
4766:
4740:Ancient Egyptian
4728:Related cuisines
4614:
4613:
4556:Feteer meshaltet
4245:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4114:
4113:
4103:Egyptian cuisine
4096:
4089:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4058:
4013:
4012:
4002:
3992:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3884:(9): 3484–3488.
3872:
3866:
3865:
3845:
3836:
3835:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3787:
3781:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3750:(11): 1197–204.
3739:
3733:
3732:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3496:
3485:
3484:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3238:
3232:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3188:
3163:
3162:
3134:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3094:
3076:
3071:
3070:
2904:dietary minerals
2873:resistant starch
2822:pantothenic acid
2803:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2582:
2495:
2478:
2462:
2445:
2428:
2411:
2394:
2384:
2351:
2350:
2244:
2240:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2000:
1977:
1969:
1943:Cucumber mosaic
1900:
1896:
1814:
1810:
1691:Uromyces craccae
1589:Phoma leaf spot
1540:Helminthosporium
1373:Botrytis cinerea
1321:Ascochyta lentis
1235:
1233:Fungal diseases
1231:
1206:may be used for
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
990:Fertile Crescent
899:
897:
896:
881:
879:
878:
863:
861:
860:
845:
843:
842:
827:
825:
824:
809:
798:
797:
644:
637:
633:
630:
624:
601:
593:
575:self-pollinating
569:
568:
564:
559:
558:
554:
308:
300:
292:
284:
277:Medik. (1787)
276:
268:
260:
252:
224:
194:
59:
58:
40:
28:
27:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5333:
5328:
5320:
5315:
5307:
5302:
5294:
5292:
5284:
5279:
5271:
5266:
5258:
5253:
5245:
5240:
5232:
5227:
5219:
5217:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5189:
5181:
5176:
5168:
5166:
5158:
5153:
5145:
5140:
5132:
5127:
5119:
5114:
5106:
5101:
5093:
5090:Observation.org
5088:
5080:
5075:
5067:
5065:
5057:
5052:
5044:
5039:
5031:
5026:
5018:
5013:
5005:
5000:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4953:
4948:
4940:
4938:
4930:
4925:
4917:
4912:
4904:
4899:
4891:
4886:
4878:
4873:
4865:
4860:
4852:
4847:
4839:
4837:
4829:
4827:
4819:
4817:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4774:
4764:
4759:
4719:
4648:
4605:
4529:
4503:
4392:
4366:
4340:Egyptian cheese
4327:
4290:
4284:
4248:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4224:
4185:
4105:
4100:
4049:
4046:
4022:
4020:Further reading
4017:
4016:
3975:(3): e0122025.
3961:
3957:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3912:
3905:
3873:
3869:
3846:
3839:
3815:
3811:
3788:
3784:
3775:
3771:
3740:
3736:
3705:
3701:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3631:
3614:
3610:
3600:
3598:
3580:
3576:
3553:
3549:
3530:
3526:
3511:
3497:
3488:
3481:
3465:
3461:
3439:
3423:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3290:
3286:
3276:
3274:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3246:pulseaus.com.au
3240:
3239:
3235:
3222:
3218:
3203:
3189:
3166:
3151:
3135:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3096:
3095:
3088:
3083:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3033:
2912:
2900:bioavailability
2881:small intestine
2865:
2829:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2759:
2754:
2712:
2699:
2686:
2673:
2660:
2647:
2634:
2621:
2608:
2595:
2583:
2553:
2540:
2527:
2514:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2443:
2435:
2426:
2418:
2409:
2401:
2392:
2385:
2356:
2345:
2340:
2321:
2316:
2277:
2272:
2239:
2184:national dishes
2074:
2049:
2030:
2021:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1990:
1978:
1967:
1898:Viral diseases
1895:
1861:
1809:
1800:
1772:
1758:Pleospora tarda
1713:
1678:
1673:Pythium ultimum
1653:
1601:Powdery mildew
1578:Ozonium texanum
1561:Leaf yellowing
1514:
1486:
1458:Cylindrosporium
1448:
1433:Athelia rolfsii
1412:
1349:Fusarium solani
1344:Black root rot
1339:
1309:Ascochyta fabae
1284:
1259:
1230:
1228:Fungal diseases
1222:
1216:
1164:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1108:
1084:
1058:
955:
950:
926:
894:
892:
876:
874:
858:
856:
840:
838:
822:
820:
701:Verdina (Spain)
698:Pardina (Spain)
645:
634:
628:
625:
614:
602:
583:
566:
562:
561:
556:
552:
551:
476:family, of the
454:is part of the
448:
425:Cicer arietinum
404:
391:
330:) is an edible
222:
203:
196:
190:
177:
53:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5386:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5368:Edible legumes
5365:
5360:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5335:wfo-0000212728
5326:
5313:
5300:
5290:
5277:
5264:
5251:
5238:
5225:
5215:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5183:wfo-0000212711
5174:
5164:
5151:
5138:
5125:
5112:
5099:
5086:
5073:
5063:
5050:
5037:
5024:
5011:
4998:
4985:
4972:
4959:
4946:
4936:
4923:
4910:
4897:
4884:
4871:
4858:
4845:
4835:
4825:
4815:
4810:Lens culinaris
4800:
4784:
4782:
4780:Lens culinaris
4776:
4775:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4755:Middle Eastern
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4618:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4581:Luqmet el qadi
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4388:Shorbet khodar
4385:
4383:Shorbet ‘ads
4380:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4343:(main article)
4335:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4221:(main article)
4213:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4201:(main article)
4193:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4181:Turkish coffee
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4045:
4044:External links
4042:
4041:
4040:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4014:
3955:
3941:
3903:
3867:
3837:
3809:
3782:
3769:
3734:
3709:Can J Diabetes
3699:
3666:Food Chemistry
3656:
3629:
3608:
3574:
3563:(2): 171–176.
3557:Food Chemistry
3547:
3538:Food Structure
3524:
3509:
3486:
3479:
3459:
3437:
3414:
3389:
3367:
3342:
3317:
3304:(2): 503:504.
3294:"Laird lentil"
3284:
3272:The Chalkboard
3258:
3233:
3216:
3201:
3164:
3149:
3118:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3029:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2977:
2911:
2908:
2864:
2861:
2839:(13% DV), and
2827:
2774:
2773:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2448:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2235:
2073:
2070:
2048:
2045:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
1981:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1894:
1893:Viral diseases
1891:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1879:Stem nematode
1876:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1817:Cyst nematode
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:Uromyces fabae
1694:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1519:Fusarium wilt
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1324:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1229:
1226:
1218:Main article:
1215:
1212:
1163:
1160:
1107:
1104:
1083:
1080:
1057:
1054:
1022:Franchthi Cave
1010:Lens culinaris
975:Jonathan Sauer
959:Lens culinaris
954:
951:
949:
946:
938:Madhya Pradesh
925:
922:
919:
918:
913:
907:
906:
903:
889:
888:
885:
871:
870:
867:
853:
852:
849:
835:
834:
831:
817:
816:
807:
803:
802:
796:
795:
789:
775:
769:
756:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
719:
718:
715:
712:
703:
702:
699:
696:
687:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
647:
646:
605:
603:
596:
582:
579:
447:
444:
403:
400:
390:
387:
338:known for its
328:Lens culinaris
314:
313:
312:
311:
303:
295:
287:
282:Lens esculenta
279:
274:Lens culinaris
271:
263:
255:
244:
243:
237:
236:
235:
234:
225:
210:
209:
205:
204:
197:
186:
185:
179:
178:
171:
169:
165:
164:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
97:
96:
91:
84:
83:
78:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5385:
5374:
5373:Founder crops
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5336:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5318:
5314:
5310:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5184:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5165:
5161:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4933:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4750:Mediterranean
4748:
4746:
4745:North African
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:Eish essaraya
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:Grilled meats
4506:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4313:Salata baladi
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:Eish merahrah
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4244:
4233:
4220:
4219:
4218:Egyptian wine
4215:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4198:Beer in Egypt
4195:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4097:
4092:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4039:
4038:0-19-211579-0
4035:
4031:
4027:
4026:Alan Davidson
4024:
4023:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3951:
3945:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3842:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3715:(4): 355–63.
3714:
3710:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3612:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3528:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3463:
3456:
3454:
3453:L. esculentus
3450:
3446:
3445:L. orientalis
3440:
3434:
3431:. Routledge.
3430:
3429:
3421:
3419:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3377:
3371:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3230:
3229:0-684-80001-2
3226:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3075:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3006:embryo rescue
3003:
2996:
2995:L. tomentosus
2992:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2936:L. orientalis
2933:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:carbohydrates
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2716:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2472:
2465:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2415:
2413:
2408:Riboflavin (B
2405:
2398:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2293:Dietary fiber
2290:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:Carbohydrates
2264:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:(lentil soup)
2101:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:Latin America
2087:
2083:
2082:Mediterranean
2079:
2072:Lentil dishes
2069:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2019:
2016:
2008:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1982:This section
1980:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1965:Use by humans
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:Wet root rot
1776:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1609:Erysiphe pisi
1606:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1573:Ozonium wilt
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:Dry root rot
1490:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:Downy mildew
1465:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1210:-poor soils.
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1116:crop residues
1113:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
945:
943:
942:Uttar Pradesh
939:
935:
931:
917:
914:
912:
909:
904:
902:
891:
890:
886:
884:
873:
872:
868:
866:
855:
854:
850:
848:
837:
836:
832:
830:
819:
818:
813:
810:(Millions of
808:
805:
804:
799:
793:
790:
787:
783:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
766:beluga caviar
763:
762:
761:
760:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
725:
724:
723:
716:
713:
710:
709:
708:
707:
700:
697:
694:
693:
692:
691:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:
658:
657:
653:
643:
640:
632:
622:
618:
612:
611:
606:This section
604:
600:
595:
594:
587:
578:
576:
571:
548:
544:
539:
533:
531:
527:
522:
520:
516:
512:
511:L. orientalis
508:
504:
495:
491:
489:
486:
482:
479:
475:
471:
467:
464:
460:
457:
453:
443:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
395:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:purposes. In
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
307:
304:
299:
298:Lentilla lens
296:
291:
288:
283:
280:
275:
272:
267:
266:Lathyrus lens
264:
259:
256:
251:
248:
247:
245:
242:
238:
233:
229:
226:
221:
217:
214:
213:
211:
206:
201:
195:
193:
187:
184:
183:Binomial name
180:
176:
175:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:Tracheophytes
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5194:
4779:
4633:
4601:Rozz belaban
4338:
4298:Baba ghanoug
4243:Egypt portal
4216:
4196:
4029:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3944:
3919:
3915:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3853:
3849:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3777:
3772:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3669:
3665:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3619:
3611:
3599:. Retrieved
3590:
3577:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3500:
3473:. Springer.
3469:
3462:
3452:
3449:L. culinaris
3448:
3444:
3442:
3427:
3405:. Retrieved
3401:
3392:
3380:. Retrieved
3370:
3358:. Retrieved
3333:. Retrieved
3330:Foodsubs.com
3329:
3320:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3275:. Retrieved
3271:
3261:
3249:. Retrieved
3245:
3236:
3219:
3192:
3139:
3109:. Retrieved
3104:
3099:
3026:
3014:backcrossing
2999:
2994:
2990:
2985:L. nigricans
2984:
2980:
2975:L. odemensis
2974:
2971:. orientalis
2970:
2967:L. culinaris
2966:
2963:L. culinaris
2962:
2959:
2951:
2948:L. culinaris
2947:
2944:L. culinaris
2943:
2940:L. culinaris
2939:
2935:
2932:L. nigricans
2931:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2888:antinutrient
2885:
2866:
2777:
2735:
2730:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2335:
2311:
2267:
2232:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2188:
2177:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2105:
2075:
2066:fermentation
2058:
2047:Culinary use
2034:
2031:
2011:
2002:
1991:Please help
1986:verification
1983:
1882:
1871:Pratylenchus
1869:
1854:
1847:
1832:
1820:
1791:
1783:
1765:
1756:
1748:
1733:
1730:Spot blotch
1721:
1704:
1696:
1689:
1671:
1664:
1644:
1637:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1607:
1592:
1581:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1538:
1527:
1523:
1505:
1497:
1479:
1472:
1456:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1380:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1327:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1292:
1277:
1270:
1264:Anthracnose
1251:
1244:
1223:
1165:
1156:grain drills
1121:
1109:
1100:North Africa
1085:
1076:
1070:
1068:conditions.
1066:water-logged
1059:
1013:
1009:
1006:North Africa
987:
978:
970:
967:L. culinaris
966:
962:
958:
956:
934:Saskatchewan
927:
915:
910:
781:
771:
759:Other types:
758:
757:
745:Mosa (Spain)
721:
720:
705:
704:
689:
688:
655:
654:
650:
635:
629:October 2015
626:
615:Please help
610:verification
607:
573:Lentils are
572:
534:
523:
518:
515:L. culinaris
514:
510:
507:L. culinaris
506:
502:
500:
463:plant family
451:
449:
437:
423:
407:
405:
352:
336:annual plant
327:
323:
319:
317:
305:
297:
289:
281:
273:
265:
261:L. (1753)
257:
249:
231:
227:
219:
215:
191:
189:
174:V. lens
173:
172:
160:
113:
100:
87:
74:
25:
5028:NatureServe
4976:iNaturalist
4804:Wikispecies
4629:Bell pepper
4439:Ful medames
4280:Eish shamsi
4265:Eish baladi
3826:: 106–111.
3672:: 296–304.
3335:15 December
3277:6 September
3251:18 November
3111:3 September
3074:Food portal
3043:Lentil soup
3018:mutagenesis
2991:L. lamottei
2981:L. ervoides
2942:. But only
2845:carotenoids
2810:Daily Value
2786:, and 0.4%
2391:Thiamine (B
2062:emulsifying
1582:parasiticum
1553:Choanephora
1417:Collar rot
1002:Middle East
983:indehiscent
948:Cultivation
778:Puy lentils
772:Macachiados
695:Eston Green
446:Systematics
385:and soups.
334:. It is an
306:Orobus lens
208:Subspecies
146:Subfamily:
94:Angiosperms
5352:Categories
5210:Q111391147
5195:Vicia lens
5116:Plant List
4838:Calflora:
4685:Bay leaves
4617:Vegetables
4489:Shakshouka
4291:and salads
4289:Appetizers
4171:Tamr hindi
4129:Aseer asab
4124:Amar eddin
3922:(4): 530.
3711:(Review).
3360:15 January
3231:. pg. 483.
3100:Vicia lens
3081:References
2853:zeaxanthin
2835:(10% DV),
2831:(14% DV),
2824:(13% DV),
2820:(15% DV),
2654:Phosphorus
2078:South Asia
2028:Processing
1385:leaf spot
1382:Cercospora
1253:Alternaria
1192:phosphorus
1188:fertilizer
1172:herbicides
1092:subtropics
1026:Tell Ramad
971:orientalis
924:Production
530:cotyledons
524:Lentil is
519:orientalis
450:The genus
439:Vicia faba
416:Tournefort
324:Vicia lens
258:Ervum lens
250:Cicer lens
228:Vicia lens
216:Vicia lens
192:Vicia lens
4932:200012187
4919:200012187
4665:Coriander
4561:Ghorayiba
4474:Molokhiya
4469:Mesaqa‘ah
4378:Molokhiya
4270:Eish fino
4134:Black tea
4110:Beverages
3936:0019-5200
3898:1750-3841
3686:0308-8146
3519:213090571
3211:435462765
3159:213090571
3053:Mujaddara
2877:digestion
2833:magnesium
2826:vitamin B
2812:, DV) of
2667:Potassium
2641:Manganese
2628:Magnesium
2547:Vitamin K
2534:Vitamin E
2521:Vitamin D
2508:Vitamin C
2492:Vitamin B
2475:Folate (B
2459:Vitamin B
2425:Niacin (B
2207:Cotechino
2168:adas polo
2155:mujaddara
2124:Caribbean
2120:Singapore
2116:Mauritius
2100:Dal tadka
2086:West Asia
2084:regions,
2005:June 2021
1548:Leaf rot
1329:Didymella
1200:potassium
1124:genotypes
1096:West Asia
1046:Tepe Sabz
994:Near East
963:culinaris
865:Australia
792:Alb-Leisa
459:Faboideae
456:subfamily
432:" (as in
290:Lens lens
168:Species:
150:Faboideae
64:Kingdom:
5322:13034845
5317:Tropicos
5286:11218788
5273:524872-1
5204:Wikidata
5167:VASCAN:
5160:13021779
5155:Tropicos
5121:ild-7784
5033:2.127963
5007:10578748
4994:502201-1
4828:BioLib:
4789:Wikidata
4705:Cinnamon
4670:Cardamom
4546:Basbousa
4534:Desserts
4525:Shawarma
4484:Sayadiya
4449:Kamounia
4444:Hawawshi
4151:Karkadeh
4009:25815480
3969:PLOS ONE
3764:25061763
3729:27497151
3694:24837953
3643:Archived
3639:30844154
3601:28 March
3595:Archived
3585:(2024).
3407:28 March
3382:20 March
3031:See also
2910:Breeding
2869:diabetes
2818:thiamine
2806:calories
2736:Quantity
2680:Selenium
2648:0.494 mg
2609:0.251 mg
2575:Quantity
2569:Minerals
2469:0.178 mg
2453:0.638 mg
2419:0.073 mg
2402:0.169 mg
2377:Quantity
2371:Vitamins
2214:Ethiopia
2135:parathas
2122:and the
2037:dehulled
1214:Diseases
1208:nutrient
1196:nitrogen
1184:rhizobia
806:Country
782:puyensis
547:stipules
543:tendrils
526:hypogeal
466:Fabaceae
355:culinary
342:-shaped
241:Synonyms
220:lamottei
140:Fabaceae
136:Family:
107:Eudicots
5260:3973001
4955:5350010
4862:Ecocrop
4795:Q131226
4695:Parsley
4680:Aniseed
4639:Spinach
4596:Qatayef
4541:Baqlawa
4454:Kushari
4419:Falafel
4409:Besarah
4352:Domiati
4332:Cheeses
4166:Sharbat
4139:Kushari
4000:4376907
3977:Bibcode
3804:9137637
3649:21 June
3010:hybrids
3004:and/or
2896:phytate
2799:⁄
2784:protein
2745:69.64 g
2713:1.27 mg
2589:Calcium
2541:0.11 mg
2436:1.06 mg
2337:Protein
2276:19.54 g
2222:kik wot
2199:chicken
2179:kushari
2173:khichdi
2160:mejadra
2143:papadam
2106:In the
1149:⁄
1135:⁄
1112:seedbed
1038:Hacilar
992:of the
969:subsp.
961:subsp.
953:History
717:Richlea
652:green.
565:⁄
555:⁄
517:subsp.
488:Plantae
485:kingdom
483:in the
481:Fabales
428:, and "
230:subsp.
218:subsp.
156:Genus:
130:Fabales
126:Order:
68:Plantae
31:Lentil
5363:Fabeae
5358:Lentil
5247:169849
5221:226029
5218:APDB:
5129:PLANTS
5108:156245
5066:NZOR:
5020:503364
4968:411141
4942:LENCUL
4939:FoIO:
4906:171834
4880:647510
4818:APDB:
4715:Cloves
4700:Ginger
4644:Tomato
4634:Lentil
4591:Om Ali
4586:Malban
4576:Kunafa
4566:Halawa
4499:Qolqas
4479:Mombar
4464:Mahshi
4434:Feteer
4429:Fesikh
4424:Fatteh
4397:Dishes
4347:Areesh
4323:Torshi
4318:Tehina
4308:Hummus
4253:Breads
4210:Stella
4161:Sahlab
4156:Kharob
4144:Sa‘idi
4036:
4007:
3997:
3934:
3896:
3802:
3762:
3727:
3692:
3684:
3637:
3627:
3517:
3507:
3477:
3435:
3227:
3209:
3199:
3157:
3147:
2973:) and
2855:, and
2849:lutein
2837:copper
2814:folate
2700:238 mg
2693:Sodium
2687:2.8 μg
2674:369 mg
2661:180 mg
2622:3.3 mg
2602:Copper
2554:1.7 μg
2515:1.5 mg
2486:181 μg
2344:9.02 g
2320:0.38 g
2283:Sugars
2253:Energy
2227:injera
2164:raisin
2088:, and
2080:, the
1638:lentis
1528:lentis
1526:f.sp.
1313:lentis
1311:f.sp.
1204:sulfur
1202:, and
1176:legume
1042:Turkey
1034:Jordan
1018:Greece
1000:, the
998:Europe
930:tonnes
901:Russia
898:
883:Turkey
880:
862:
844:
829:Canada
826:
812:tonnes
780:(var.
742:Merrit
538:rachis
470:legume
420:Cicero
363:staple
332:legume
320:lentil
120:Rosids
21:legume
5296:12594
5293:PFI:
5281:IRMNG
5242:EUNIS
5234:5BCRM
5134:LECU2
5077:NZPCN
5002:IRMNG
4981:57305
4901:EUNIS
4893:LENCU
4854:6P8RY
4831:39974
4821:70775
4675:Chili
4660:Cumin
4520:Kofta
4515:Kebab
4494:Torly
4414:Eggah
4404:Bamia
4371:Soups
4303:Duqqa
4260:Bataw
4205:Bouza
4176:Sobia
2969:subsp
2965:(and
2925:Wild
2782:, 9%
2742:Water
2635:36 mg
2596:19 mg
2297:7.9 g
2287:1.8 g
2220:, or
1874:spp.
1683:Rust
1580:var.
1048:) in
1030:Syria
911:World
847:India
739:Mason
581:Types
478:order
452:Vicia
430:Fabia
412:genus
383:stews
371:curry
344:seeds
161:Vicia
114:Clade
101:Clade
88:Clade
75:Clade
5304:POWO
5268:IPNI
5255:GBIF
5170:5761
5142:POWO
5095:6964
5082:4696
5059:3864
5054:NCBI
5015:ITIS
4989:IPNI
4963:GRIN
4950:GBIF
4888:EPPO
4867:7209
4841:4662
4735:Arab
4710:Mint
4690:Dill
4624:Bean
4571:Kahk
4362:Rumi
4357:Mish
4034:ISBN
4005:PMID
3932:ISSN
3894:ISSN
3800:PMID
3760:PMID
3725:PMID
3690:PMID
3682:ISSN
3651:2024
3635:PMID
3625:ISBN
3603:2024
3515:OCLC
3505:ISBN
3475:ISBN
3433:ISBN
3409:2020
3384:2022
3362:2024
3337:2015
3279:2024
3253:2017
3225:ISBN
3207:OCLC
3197:ISBN
3155:OCLC
3145:ISBN
3113:2023
2993:and
2983:and
2952:Lens
2946:and
2934:and
2927:Lens
2851:and
2841:zinc
2706:Zinc
2615:Iron
2528:0 IU
2502:0 μg
2203:pork
2191:soup
2150:rice
2139:puri
2137:and
2128:roti
2112:Fiji
1556:sp.
1543:sp.
1461:sp.
1332:sp.
1098:and
1050:Iran
940:and
905:0.3
887:0.4
869:1.0
851:1.3
833:2.3
788:name
503:Lens
474:bean
408:lens
402:Name
379:roti
375:rice
348:pods
340:lens
318:The
232:lens
5330:WFO
5229:CoL
5178:WFO
5041:NBN
4927:FoC
4914:FNA
4875:EoL
4849:CoL
3995:PMC
3985:doi
3924:doi
3886:doi
3858:doi
3828:doi
3752:doi
3717:doi
3674:doi
3670:161
3591:FDA
3565:doi
3306:doi
3038:Dal
2902:of
2788:fat
2711:12%
2698:10%
2672:12%
2659:14%
2646:21%
2620:18%
2607:28%
2580:%DV
2484:45%
2467:10%
2451:13%
2400:14%
2382:%DV
2313:Fat
2218:kik
2201:or
2158:or
2132:dal
1995:by
1636:f.
1256:sp.
1166:In
1140:to
1040:in
1028:in
1020:'s
916:6.7
619:by
472:or
442:).
377:or
367:dal
326:or
5354::
5332::
5319::
5306::
5283::
5270::
5257::
5244::
5231::
5206::
5180::
5157::
5144::
5131::
5118::
5105::
5092::
5079::
5056::
5043::
5030::
5017::
5004::
4991::
4978::
4965::
4952::
4929::
4916::
4903::
4890::
4877::
4864::
4851::
4806::
4791::
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