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278:(LHWP) is an ongoing water supply and hydropower project in the area of the Highlands. Developed in partnership between the governments of Lesotho and South Africa, it comprises a system of several large dams and tunnels throughout the territory of both countries. The project allegedly is said to have had so far negative social and environmental effects.
141:, encompassing the whole eastern part of Lesotho. The average annual rainfall is nearly 1,000 mm (40 inches) in some parts of the high ranges. Temperature is closely related to elevation in the Lesotho Highlands. In general, the mean July (winter) temperatures stay around 7 °C (45 °F).
161:
which drain these highlands towards the south-west by means of erosion gulleys which turn into deep valleys further downstream. This gives this high region its very rugged, mountainous appearance. There are so many of these tributaries that the whole terrain of the highlands has a very rugged
227:
There are numerous species of plants in the highlands. The soil cover in the upland areas is discontinuous and immature. Soils in the
Lesotho Highlands differ according to the host rock (basalt) and the influence of freeze and thaw processes; generally they are dominated by
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687:
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several kilometres thick on top of which the lava was poured out 182 million years ago. Only a small patch of this lava remains and covers much of
Lesotho. The Lesotho Highlands have been deeply eroded by the tributaries of the
219:. The area is believed to have been free of both permafrost and large snow accumulations. There is some uncertainty if small glaciers ever developed in the shadowy slopes around the highlands.
688:
Late
Holocene Neoglacial conditions from the Lesotho highlands, southern Africa: Phytolith and stable carbon isotope evidence from the archaeological site of Likoaeng
468:"The cold climate geomorphology of the Eastern Cape Drakensberg: A reevaluation of past climatic conditions during the last glacial cycle in Southern Africa"
152:
which welled up and spread across most of
Southern Africa when it was still part of Gondwana. Most of this lava has eroded away together with a layer of
216:
700:
467:
329:
764:
683:
ISS - Environmental change and human security in
Lesotho: The role of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project in environmental degradation
655:
437:
Sumner, P.D. (2004). "Geomorphic and climatic implications of relict openwork block accumulations near
Thabana-Ntlenyana, Lesotho".
49:
248:
405:
Grab, Stefan; van Zyl, Craig; Mulder, Nicholas (2005). "Controls on basalt terrace formation in the eastern
Lesotho highlands".
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119:. Foothills form a divide between the lowlands and the highlands. Snow is common in the highlands in the winter.
656:
Pipe Dreams - The World Bank's Failed
Efforts to Restore Lives and Livelihoods of Dam-Affected People in Lesotho
37:
739:
235:
Some sectors of the
Lesotho Highlands are part of the Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands
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Hall, Kevin (2010). "The shape of glacial valleys and implications for southern
African glaciation".
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The eastern Lesotho Highlands contain numerous terraces and scarp faces developed on ancient
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Leslie, A. D. (1991). "Indigenous Forest and Woodland in the Kingdom of Lesotho".
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148:. This is because it is capped by a 1400 m thick layer of erosion resistant
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The Lesotho Highlands form a localized high spot on the Central Plateau of the
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333:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 503–506.
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p. 13 (1984) Reader's Digest & the Directorate of Surveys and Mapping
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382:. (1970). Council for Geoscience, Geological Survey of South Africa.
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bird species of the Lesotho Highlands and areas surrounding them in
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conditions prevailed in the highlands producing landforms such as
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Mills, S.C.; Barrows, T.T.; Telfer, M.W.; Fifield, L.K. (2017).
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mountain ranges in the east and central parts of the country of
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mountainous appearance, both from the ground and from the air.
83:
211:. During the coldest period of the last glacial period—the
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albeit this term is controversial. Each scarp represent a
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169:. The form and development of terraces is controlled by
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Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands - WWF
661:(Report). International Rivers Network. Archived from
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Cana, Frank Richardson; Hillier, Alfred Peter (1911).
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processes are active. The terraces may be referred as
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Geological Map of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland
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Snow near Malealea village in the Lesotho Highlands
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137:The Highlands are located to the southeast of the
440:Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography
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395:. p. 192, 209-269. Struik Publishers, Cape Town.
215:— the environment was relatively arid with deep
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247:The Lesotho Highlands are one of the
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391:McCarthy t. & Rubidge B. (2005)
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515:South African Geographical Journal
54:The Lesotho Highlands in a map of
42:The Lesotho Highlands from the air
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765:Montane grasslands and shrublands
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288:Great Escarpment, Southern Africa
453:10.1111/j.0435-3676.2004.00232.x
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293:Lesotho Highlands Water Project
276:Lesotho Highlands Water Project
249:endemic bird areas of the world
564:South African Forestry Journal
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489:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.11.011
421:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.010
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1:
626:Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
590:Vegetation of Southern Africa
576:10.1080/00382167.1991.9630382
393:The Story of Earth & Life
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745:Geography of Southern Africa
613:Thompson, Hazell S. (2003).
528:10.1080/03736245.2010.485360
77:2,000 m (7,000 ft)
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760:Environment of South Africa
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755:Ecoregions of South Africa
629:. Firefly Books. pp.
616:"Rockjumpers and Rockfowl"
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298:Climate Change in Lesotho
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16:Natural region in Lesotho
368:Atlas of Southern Africa
270:Threats and preservation
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123:Location and description
330:Encyclopædia Britannica
154:Karoo sedimentary rocks
99:Gorges in the highlands
750:Afromontane ecoregions
345:"Lesotho travel guide"
256:Drakensberg Rockjumper
183:cryoplanation terraces
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88:
716:29.00000°S 28.50000°E
654:Hoover, Ryan (2001).
189:of the flood basalt.
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740:Geography of Lesotho
213:last glacial maximum
721:-29.00000; 28.50000
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621:Christopher Perrins
194:last glacial period
173:. The terraces are
668:on 19 August 2007.
320:"Basutoland"
107:are formed by the
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205:blockstreams
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167:flood basalt
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159:Orange River
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483:: 184–194.
201:blockfields
197:periglacial
192:During the
129:Drakensberg
109:Drakensberg
734:Categories
570:: 97–103.
537:2263/15429
354:2008-04-19
304:References
127:See also:
770:Highlands
707:28°30′0″E
237:ecoregion
230:mollisols
187:flow unit
179:cryogenic
175:pediments
74:Elevation
704:29°0′0″S
282:See also
139:Highveld
133:Highveld
623:(ed.).
592:. p. 16
327:(ed.).
260:endemic
117:Lesotho
68:Lesotho
64:Country
637:
258:is an
177:where
113:Maloti
95:River
666:(PDF)
659:(PDF)
619:. In
471:(PDF)
323:. In
243:Fauna
223:Flora
635:ISBN
274:The
254:The
207:and
150:lava
131:and
111:and
103:The
631:515
572:doi
568:158
532:hdl
524:doi
493:hdl
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
