601:. While the religious philosophy he codified had its own original strains, his teachings were wholly reliant on theirs. He borrowed Geiger's notion of progressive revelation, accentuating it until there was very little difference between human reason and divine inspiration, and depicting it as a continuous process through history in which the People Israel grew aware of the great moral truths via God's communing with the Prophets and their own quotidian experience of the divine. Montefiore once remarked that he considered Holdheim his mentor, though he disagreed with many of his statements. He too differentiated sharply between an ethical core and ceremonial cask, regarding ritual as a means to end without much value unto itself, and regarded the
344:
1344:
547:. The movement is steered and informed by three bodies – the Board of National Officers, the Conference of Liberal Rabbis and Cantors, and the Council. The Board of National Officers handles issues of the movement's governance and strategy; The Rabbinic Conference, composed of all the Rabbis serving Liberal synagogues, meets regularly to discuss and rule on rabbinic matters, determining courses of action or principles of faith. Liberal rabbis receive training and are ordained by
1600:
2096:
318:("Covenant of Love"), a guideline for LGBT Jewish weddings, was published even before same-sex marriage became legal. Liberal rabbis are allowed to perform "blessing" ceremonies for interfaith couples, with the official stance being that the non-Jewish partner is "marrying in" to Judaism rather than the Jewish partner "marrying out". Liberal Judaism was also the first to allow non-Jews to be buried alongside their Jewish spouses in
1588:
1331:
38:
241:
allowing all to form their own views of religiosity; mandating a critical understanding of sacred texts and the evolving nature of
Judaism across the ages; the separation between the ethical and ritual aspects of Judaism, with the latter serving as an instrumental capacity of the former and having no
542:
and
Shelley Shocolinsky-Dwyer were appointed as joint interim directors in 2020; Baginsky became Chief Executive Officer and Shocolinsky-Dwyer Chief Operating Officer in January 2021. The president of the movement is Rabbi Dr Andrew Goldstein, who was elected in July 2013 to succeed Baroness Rabbi
523:'s Rodef Shalom Congregation (now affiliated with the WUPJ) was founded as a member of the Jewish Religious Union, Liberal Judaism's antecedent. In 2015, there were 37 fully affiliated Liberal Judaism congregations; these were all based throughout England with the exceptions of a Scottish one in
273:
The highly sterile character of
Liberal services and communal life was replaced in the postwar years, especially since the 1970s, as part of a renewed turn to tradition in the WUPJ. Many congregants sought both more tangible means of religious expression and a link with their heritage. A greater
257:
British
Liberal Judaism was defined by the radical purism of Montefiore, who was exceptional even among his peers worldwide in his desire to universalise and spiritualise Judaism, stripping it bare from whatever he considered overly particularist or ceremonial. Liberal liturgy in the early 20th
676:, they founded the Jewish Religious Union. A first prayer was conducted on 18 October. Seating was mixed and women received a growing role. On 4 February 1911, they became institutionalised upon the opening of the Liberal Jewish Synagogue at London, in which Hebrew Union College graduate Rabbi
305:
appealed to a more conservative audience and had to be more moderate. Already in the 1950s, Liberal
Judaism was the first in the WUPJ to accept patrilineal descent, allowing children of a single Jewish father to inherit his Jewish status on the condition that the father had been raised Jewish.
633:
in Berlin, the Reform movement had stagnated since the 1870s. Communal politics and the need to accommodate conservative elements turned what was known as "Liberal
Judaism" in the country into an intricate system of local arrangements, very moderate in nature. In 1882, he delivered the annual
700:. In 1944, the JRU (which added the words "for the Advancement of Liberal Judaism" to its name in 1911) was reorganised as the "Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues". It had 11 member congregations in 1949 and continued to grow. In the postwar years, its main leader was Rabbi
242:
intrinsic value; personal autonomy for the individual Jew; a belief in a messianic era of harmony instead of a personal messiah; and the rejection of bodily resurrection of the dead in favour of, at most but not necessarily, the immortality of the soul. The centrality of the
605:
in the terms of a universal mission to spread knowledge of God among the nations and prepare the way for a
Messianic Era of harmony. His grasp of revelation also granted little importance to the divine origin of sacred texts, and Montefiore fully accepted
258:
century was drastically abridged and more than half of it was in
English. Bareheaded men and women sat together, and ritual or practical observance were explicitly ignored; nonexistent levels of adherence to traditional forms were the norm in the Orthodox
518:
Liberal
Judaism is a national union of autonomous communities centered in England, but with a presence in other countries. As of 2010, 7,197 households were registered with the movement or 8.7% of synagogue-member families in Britain. In addition,
707:
In 2003, the
Liberal movement began to perform same-sex marriage ceremonies; in 2005, they standardised the liturgy and announced that these ceremonies had the same status as heterosexual marriages in the eyes of Liberal rabbinical authorities.
653:, were scarcely motivated by deep conviction. Religious life among English Jews was quite conservative, characterised by adherence to largely traditional forms on the official level, and general apathy among the masses. The rise of
696:. It benefited to no significant extent from the great immigration of German Jewish refugees, who found it too radical and flocked to establish nonconformist synagogues of their own, eventually creating the
626:
has argued for the distinctly Anglo-Jewish character of Montefiore's thought, and especially in terms of engagement with what Montefiore regarded as the best of Christian scholarship and thought.
680:
officiated. From 500 congregants, they rose to 1,500 by the end of World War I. Two other congregations in London and one in Liverpool were founded until 1928, as well as one offshoot among
266:
was reinterpreted in universalist terms, toning down the separateness of Jews and stressing their mission to spread the word of God among the nations. Prayers for the Messiah to restore the
1320:
711:
On 17 April 2023, Liberal Judaism and the Movement for Reform Judaism announced their intention to merge as one single unified progressive Jewish movement. The new movement,
505:
2156:
1029:
782:
237:, Rayner shared the ideals of worldwide Reform Judaism, also known as Progressive or Liberal Judaism. Rayner affirmed a personal God; an ongoing (or "progressive")
1779:
945:
246:' moral teachings was also stressed. As in the other branches of worldwide Reform, these convictions laid little emphasis on practical observance and regarded
2146:
1245:
207:
than it is to the British Reform movement. As of 2010 it was the fourth largest Jewish religious group in Britain, with 8.7% of synagogue-member households.
1219:
1313:
2066:
427:
871:
2151:
1998:
498:
1283:
1205:
1298:
677:
630:
586:
2099:
2043:
828:
1306:
555:). The Council is made up of representatives from synagogues, allowing them to speak on matters within the organisation that may affect them.
2033:
859:
1697:
491:
437:
657:, offering a universal message to acculturated upper classes of Anglo-Jewry, was accompanied by a wave of conversions, at a time when the
422:
753:
298:
diet, at one point almost totally rejected, were reinstated with a stress on the autonomy of the individual and ethical implications.
2136:
1179:
469:
301:
The denomination was particularly noted for its incorporation of highly progressive values and great proclivity to change, while the
2113:
1748:
787:
2141:
1577:
1467:
919:
449:
1769:
1667:
1644:
1492:
1743:
1702:
1687:
1033:
973:
432:
2081:
693:
661:
movement drew attention to the marginal role of women in synagogues. Montefiore and a small circle of friends, including
389:
333:
188:
91:
270:, mentions of bodily resurrection and angels, and overt Jewish particularism were removed or at least greatly reformed.
2049:
2028:
2018:
1904:
1518:
629:
After a year in Berlin, he returned to England. Montefiore was beset by what he saw in Germany: except for the radical
622:; Montefiore's unique contribution was his appreciation of mysticism, the first Reform thinker to do so. In contrast,
1975:
1619:
801:
454:
1328:
1401:
669:, were spurred into action. He served as spiritual leader, while Montagu was the main organiser and administrator.
1727:
569:. Founded in 1947 as FLPJYG (Federation of Liberal and Progressive Jewish Youth Groups), it was renamed in 2004.
1271:
1099:
816:
2076:
2003:
1497:
1477:
1462:
1141:
829:
https://www.liberaljudaism.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Affirmations-of-Liberal-Judaism-Booklet-MAR-2020.pdf
2071:
1624:
1502:
1293:
417:
1672:
875:
1965:
1816:
1682:
1677:
1570:
1280:
1001:
697:
650:
552:
403:
302:
274:
proportion of Hebrew in prayer and ceremonies of little importance but great sentimental value, like the
200:
645:
West London and the two other nonconformist synagogues that withdrew from the authority of Chief Rabbi
363:
2008:
1634:
278:, were introduced, as well as a greater importance of pronounced Jewish uniqueness. Head coverings,
2013:
1764:
1649:
1629:
1614:
1555:
1482:
1472:
384:
204:
1970:
1487:
614:, he was little different from the German rabbis who initiated Reform or his contemporary Rabbi
1960:
1563:
1391:
562:
582:
672:
On 16 February 1902, during a meeting attended by 70 people at the home of Ernest Louis and
2106:
1837:
1707:
1396:
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950:
729:
619:
1153:
8:
1939:
1872:
1639:
1133:
48:
1929:
220:
216:
1858:
1422:
1386:
673:
642:
and presenting his ideals. Bayme added he did not change them considerably afterwards.
640:
The Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the Religion of the Ancient Hebrews
602:
263:
233:, the most prominent of the movement's later theologians. Like Liberal Judaism founder
139:
923:
1924:
1717:
1534:
1437:
1206:
OPINION: Together, Liberal and Reform Judaism stands on the edge of the promised land
1137:
897:
797:
578:
548:
442:
311:
234:
196:
122:
19:
This article is about the British denomination. For Liberal Judaism in general, see
1934:
1879:
1865:
1851:
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724:
607:
539:
479:
343:
259:
59:
1381:
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666:
635:
615:
598:
544:
319:
1417:
847:
839:
734:
701:
689:
623:
610:
as to him, the human authors were influenced by God anyhow. In all this, noted
594:
590:
474:
192:
101:
20:
715:, will represent about 30% of British Jewry who are affiliated to synagogues.
538:
Ruth Seager was elected to the denomination's chairperson role in 2020. Rabbi
2130:
1599:
1376:
646:
294:
from 1967, had far more Hebrew in the liturgy. Old concepts like following a
230:
2038:
1592:
1432:
1427:
1371:
1224:
1220:"UK progressive Judaism bodies merge to give movement more reach and voice"
778:
662:
654:
611:
566:
551:, which the movement funds together with the Reform Movement (formerly the
267:
126:
1919:
1896:
1844:
1442:
1006:
978:
685:
658:
275:
946:"Liberal Judaism's first woman chair sets out her vision for the future"
2023:
1539:
1103:
558:
238:
199:. It is smaller and more radical in comparison with the other one, the
1077:
1107:
1055:
532:
524:
310:
participation, ordaining both female and LGBT clergy, and conducting
1585:
589:
in 1881. There he was exposed to the work of the German founders of
1909:
1184:
243:
1265:
358:
295:
283:
251:
167:
37:
1587:
1330:
1955:
1914:
1722:
681:
528:
520:
112:
1246:
Reform and Liberal UK synagogue movements announce merger plan
306:
Egalitarianism, the use of gender-neutral language in prayer,
1993:
1180:"Liberal Judaism launches gay marriage ceremonies in Britain"
754:"New Chairs for the Conference of Liberal Rabbis and Cantors"
279:
247:
353:
307:
1712:
1275:
561:
is the youth movement of the denomination. A progressive
314:
were also pioneered by British Jews within the movement.
974:"Liberal Judaism appoints two new interim directors"
290:, the new 1995 prayer book which replaced the older
2157:
Organisations based in the London Borough of Camden
2067:All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism
786:
1999:Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre
1217:
2128:
2044:Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland
1032:. Liberal Judaism. 19 July 2013. Archived from
225:The beliefs of Liberal Judaism are outlined in
649:, which would much later be the basis for the
1571:
1314:
1154:"Henrietta Franklin | Jewish Women's Archive"
1030:"Rabbi Dr Andrew Goldstein Elected President"
587:Hochschule fĂĽr die Wissenschaft des Judentums
499:
2147:Jewish charities based in the United Kingdom
1901:Jewish Association for Mental Illness - Jami
1698:Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain
1272:Religion & Ethics – Liberal Judaism
966:
1136:), Parkes-Wiener Series on Jewish Studies.
325:
203:. It is considered ideologically closer to
185:Union of Liberal and Progressive Synagogues
1578:
1564:
1321:
1307:
994:
789:A Concise Companion to the Jewish Religion
506:
492:
938:
2152:Jewish organizations established in 1902
1749:Jewish communities in the United Kingdom
1211:
581:. Intending to become a minister in the
1130:Claude Montefiore: His Life and Thought
692:. The JRU was a founding member of the
2129:
1770:Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations
1668:British Association for Jewish Studies
1645:Scottish Council of Jewish Communities
1594:Jews and Judaism in the United Kingdom
777:
210:
1559:
1337:Liberal Judaism in the United Kingdom
1302:
1177:
771:
111:The Montagu Centre, 21 Maple Street,
1744:Jewish cemeteries in the London area
1703:Jewish Historical Society of England
1688:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
1178:Cohen, Benjamin (25 November 2005).
286:, and the like became more popular.
1294:World Union for Progressive Judaism
1239:
1218:Sherwood, Harriet (17 April 2023).
844:A Jewish Understanding of the World
694:World Union for Progressive Judaism
227:The Affirmations of Liberal Judaism
92:World Union for Progressive Judaism
13:
2050:Israel lobby in the United Kingdom
2029:Northern Ireland Friends of Israel
2019:Liberal Democrat Friends of Israel
1905:Jewish Council for Racial Equality
1519:Liberal Jewish Cemetery, Willesden
1002:"Liberal Judaism names new chiefs"
14:
2168:
1976:Jews for Justice for Palestinians
1620:Board of Deputies of British Jews
1259:
922:. Liberal Judaism. Archived from
874:. Liberal Judaism. Archived from
860:See, for example, this selection.
191:-affiliated denominations in the
2137:Liberal Judaism (United Kingdom)
2095:
2094:
1598:
1586:
1342:
1329:
342:
36:
2082:Israel–United Kingdom relations
1728:London School of Jewish Studies
1281:History of the Liberal movement
1199:
1171:
1146:
1122:
1092:
1070:
1048:
1022:
850:, 1998. pp. 90–99, 150–157 etc.
418:Australia, New Zealand and Asia
262:as well, but not publicly. The
2142:1902 establishments in England
2077:Council of Christians and Jews
2004:Conservative Friends of Israel
912:
890:
864:
853:
833:
822:
810:
746:
221:Reform Judaism § Practice
217:Reform Judaism § Theology
16:Jewish denomination in Britain
1:
2072:British Hero of the Holocaust
1625:Campaign Against Antisemitism
740:
688:, headed by sisters Leah and
268:sacrificial cult in Jerusalem
1673:Gateshead Talmudical College
872:"Marriage/Civil Partnership"
577:The denomination began with
229:, authored in 1992 by Rabbi
7:
1678:Holocaust Educational Trust
796:. Oxford University Press.
718:
698:Movement for Reform Judaism
651:Movement for Reform Judaism
553:Movement for Reform Judaism
303:Movement for Reform Judaism
201:Movement for Reform Judaism
10:
2173:
1456:Communities and synagogues
1208:Jewish News. 18 April 2023
900:. Liberal Jewish Synagogue
572:
254:as basically non-binding.
214:
18:
2090:
2059:
2009:Independent Jewish Voices
1984:
1948:
1889:
1829:
1804:
1790:
1757:
1736:
1658:
1635:Jewish Leadership Council
1607:
1527:
1511:
1455:
1410:
1359:
1352:
585:, he attended the Berlin
162:
154:
146:
132:
118:
107:
97:
87:
73:
65:
54:
44:
35:
30:
2014:Labour Friends of Israel
1966:Jewish Socialists' Group
1765:Federation of Synagogues
1650:Union of Jewish Students
1630:Community Security Trust
1615:Anglo-Jewish Association
1498:South London (Streatham)
1353:Rabbis and other leaders
326:Organisational structure
1971:Jewish Voice for Labour
205:American Reform Judaism
183:(formerly, until 2002:
158:7,197 households (2010)
55:Chief Executive Officer
1961:Jewish Labour Movement
1683:Holocaust Memorial Day
1392:Elizabeth Tikvah Sarah
563:Zionist youth movement
583:West London Synagogue
531:, and a Dutch one in
76:Conference of Liberal
2108:List of British Jews
1838:The Jewish Chronicle
1708:Jewish Museum London
1483:LJS (St John's Wood)
1286:16 July 2012 at the
1250:The Jewish Chronicle
951:The Jewish Chronicle
730:Conservative Judaism
638:, naming his sermon
620:Hebrew Union College
565:, it is a branch of
292:Service of the Heart
187:) is one of the two
1940:World Jewish Relief
1640:London Jewish Forum
1134:Vallentine Mitchell
1128:Langton, Daniel R.
819:BBC. 12 August 2009
713:Progressive Judaism
372:Regional affiliates
336:Progressive Judaism
211:Belief and practice
83:Rabbi René Pfertzel
49:Progressive Judaism
2115:List of synagogues
1859:Jewish Renaissance
1423:Albert Friedlander
1010:. 18 December 2020
674:Henrietta Franklin
603:Election of Israel
527:, an Irish one in
312:same-sex marriages
288:Siddur Lev Chadash
264:Election of Israel
140:Porchester Terrace
81:Rabbi Rebecca Birk
78:Rabbis and Cantors
2124:
2123:
1825:
1824:
1718:Leo Baeck College
1553:
1552:
1535:Leo Baeck College
1451:
1450:
1438:Claude Montefiore
783:"Liberal Judaism"
579:Claude Montefiore
549:Leo Baeck College
516:
515:
390:Reconstructionist
320:Jewish cemeteries
235:Claude Montefiore
197:Claude Montefiore
178:
177:
136:16 February 1902
123:Claude Montefiore
2164:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2098:
2097:
1880:Jewish Year Book
1866:Jewish Telegraph
1852:Jewish Quarterly
1775:United Synagogue
1755:
1754:
1693:Jewish Book Week
1602:
1595:
1590:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1545:Sternberg Centre
1402:Alexandra Wright
1367:Charley Baginsky
1357:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1254:
1253:, 17 April 2023.
1243:
1237:
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1234:
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1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
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1192:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1150:
1144:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1106:. Archived from
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1052:
1046:
1045:
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868:
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814:
808:
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795:
794:(Online Version)
792:
775:
769:
768:
766:
764:
750:
725:Orthodox Judaism
608:higher criticism
593:, mainly Rabbis
540:Charley Baginsky
508:
501:
494:
346:
330:
329:
260:United Synagogue
174:
171:
169:
163:Official website
60:Charley Baginsky
40:
28:
27:
2172:
2171:
2167:
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2165:
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2162:
2161:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2086:
2055:
1986:
1980:
1944:
1885:
1821:
1812:Liberal Judaism
1800:
1797:Masorti Judaism
1786:
1753:
1732:
1660:
1654:
1603:
1593:
1584:
1554:
1549:
1523:
1507:
1447:
1406:
1382:Julia Neuberger
1348:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1327:
1288:Wayback Machine
1266:Liberal Judaism
1262:
1257:
1244:
1240:
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1228:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
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1162:
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1123:
1113:
1111:
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1083:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1054:
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1049:
1039:
1037:
1036:on 15 July 2013
1028:
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1023:
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1000:
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983:
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895:
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838:
834:
827:
823:
817:Liberal Judaism
815:
811:
804:
793:
776:
772:
762:
760:
758:Liberal Judaism
752:
751:
747:
743:
721:
667:Israel Abrahams
636:Hibbert Lecture
616:Kaufmann Kohler
599:Samuel Holdheim
575:
545:Julia Neuberger
512:
460:
414:
398:United Kingdom
395:
335:
334:World Union for
328:
223:
215:Main articles:
213:
181:Liberal Judaism
170:.liberaljudaism
166:
137:
82:
77:
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31:Liberal Judaism
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1873:Jewish Tribune
1869:
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1855:
1848:
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1833:
1831:
1827:
1826:
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1822:
1820:
1819:
1817:Reform Judaism
1814:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
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1372:Rebecca Birk
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1108:the original
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1080:. LJY Netzer
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1056:"Management"
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1034:the original
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1920:Maccabaeans
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1845:Jewish News
1805:Progressive
1780:Chief Rabbi
1661:and studies
1443:John Rayner
1163:22 November
1014:24 December
1007:Jewish News
979:Jewish News
686:Bene Israel
659:Suffragette
618:, Chair of
438:Netherlands
276:bar mitzvah
195:founded by
69:Ruth Seager
2131:Categories
1540:LJY-Netzer
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1078:"About Us"
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741:References
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252:Jewish law
239:revelation
1987:relations
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1737:Religious
1659:Education
1132:(London:
1100:"History"
533:Amsterdam
525:Edinburgh
2101:Category
1994:Betar UK
1910:Kisharon
1758:Orthodox
1478:Finchley
1468:Brighton
1284:Archived
1231:18 April
1185:PinkNews
781:(2003).
719:See also
480:Category
244:Prophets
142:, London
45:Theology
2060:Related
2034:WIZO UK
2024:Na'amod
1985:Israeli
1925:Norwood
1608:General
1158:jwa.org
1040:15 July
958:24 July
920:"Death"
763:5 April
573:History
470:Project
433:Germany
409:Liberal
359:Judaism
155:Members
119:Founder
2039:Yachad
1956:Jewdas
1935:Tzedek
1915:Limmud
1723:Limmud
1473:Ealing
1360:Living
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1114:6 June
1084:6 June
1062:6 June
1058:. TLSE
986:5 June
930:6 June
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882:6 June
800:
682:Mumbai
529:Dublin
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443:France
428:Israel
404:Reform
385:Reform
296:kosher
219:, and
133:Origin
113:London
98:Region
58:Rabbi
66:Chair
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1193:2018
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1138:ISBN
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960:2020
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798:ISBN
765:2021
665:and
597:and
455:MJLF
450:ULIF
354:Jews
308:LGBT
189:WUPJ
172:.org
1713:JW3
1276:BBC
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