466:(below 400 °F). On the average, nine moles of ethylene are added per mole of triethyl aluminium, resulting in, on average, a tri-octyl aluminium. The distribution of alkyl chains on the aluminium is determined by statistical bell curve distribution except for some smearing to the light side due to the kinetic phenomena and some smearing to the heavy side due to some incorporation of heavier olefins into the chain. Excess ethylene and olefin diluent are flashed off. The heavy aluminium tri-alkyls are reacted with ethylene again in a displacement or a transalkylation reaction, but at high temperature (over 400 °F) and at low pressure (less than 1000 psig) to recover triethyl aluminium and a statistical distribution of linear alpha olefins, which serve as the olefin diluent in the chain-growth step.
33:
191:
446:, an Indian petro- and specialty chemical company. Normally, this process is not economical as the linear fatty alcohols are more valuable than the corresponding linear alpha olefins. However, the process has been applied whenever the value of fatty alcohols dipped below that of linear olefins because of market dynamics or regional supply-demand issues.
363:
in Saudi Arabia. The α-Sablin process is a low-pressure ethylene oligomerization process conducted over heterogeneous catalyst in a slurry bed. The process also makes a C4-C20+ distribution of alpha-olefins. Sabic announced the commercialization of a 150,000 metric tons per year plant using the
465:
Ethyl linear alpha olefin process is commonly called stoichiometric
Ziegler process. It is a two-step process. In the first step, a stoichiometric quantity of triethyl aluminium in olefin diluent is reacted with excess ethylene at high pressure (above 1000 psig) and relatively low temperature
479:-reactor. The reaction is conducted at high pressure and high temperature. Excess ethylene is flashed off. The tri-ethyl aluminium catalyst is washed out of the product with caustic and the linear alpha olefins are separated. The product distribution is a
639:, which are primarily made by isomerizing linear alpha-olefins to an internal position. The higher internal olefins appear to form a more lubricious layer at the metal surface and are recognized as a better lubricants. Another significant application for C
474:
The Gulf linear alpha olefin process is commonly called a catalytic
Ziegler process. Triethyl aluminium is used as a catalyst, but in catalytic amounts the process is a single-step process. Tri-ethyl aluminium and excess ethylene are fed to a
441:
Dehydration of alcohols to linear alpha olefins by passing alcohols in a vapor phase over acidic alumina catalyst has been practiced periodically by Ethyl
Corporation (later BP, now Ineos), Chevron Phillips, Sasol (formerly Vista Chemical) and
670:
linear alpha olefins production capacity is only 5-10% of the total production of a linear alpha olefin plant. They are used in a number of reactive and non-reactive applications, including as feedstocks to make heavy
382:
There are two alpha-olefin processes that have not been commercialized as of Q2, 2010. One is an ethylene oligomerization to a wide range of linear alpha olefins technology being offered by a technology licensor
457:. With 8-10 products being made at the same time, with most of them sold into different markets with different dynamics, it is difficult to balance the supply and the demand for all or even most products.
634:
alpha or internal olefins are used as synthetic drilling fluid base for high value, primarily off-shore synthetic drilling fluids. The preferred materials for the synthetic drilling fluid application are
614:
is more expensive than middle distillates, it has a significant advantage environmentally, being much more biodegradable and in handling the material, being much less irritating to skin and less toxic.
760:
636:
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491:
There are a wide range of applications for linear alpha olefins. The lower carbon numbers, 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene are overwhelmingly used as
449:
One of the problems of the linear alpha olefin industry is the wide range of products made by most of the processes. While the Ethyl process makes a
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linear alpha olefins are used in making surfactants for aqueous detergent formulations. These carbon numbers may be reacted with benzene to make
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50:
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plant on the Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia in 2009. The plant construction was managed by Linde’s subsidiary Linde-KCA-Dresden GmbH, Germany.
97:
375:(CP Chemical Company) ethylene trimerization process, produces only 1-hexene. Another commercial process, offered by a technology licensor
356:
69:
599:
76:
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linear olefins find their primary application as the hydrophobes in oil-soluble surfactants and as lubricating fluids themselves. C
647:
olefins is in paper sizing. Linear alpha olefins are, once again, isomerized into linear internal olefins are then reacted with
414:
derived from coal and recovers 1-hexene from these fuel streams, where the initial linear alpha olefin concentration in a narrow
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synthesis followed by purification. Another route to linear alpha olefins which has been used commercially on small scale is
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to linear alpha olefins. Five of these processes produce wide distributions of linear alpha olefins. These are the
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Versipol technology. To date, no commercial plants have been built using either UOP or DuPont's technology.
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SABIC and The Linde Group announce first successful commercialization of Linear Alpha
Olefins (LAO)
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576:), a popular relatively low cost surfactant for household and industrial detergent applications.
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341:
291:. Prior to about the 1970s, linear alpha olefins were also manufactured by thermal cracking of
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8:
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675:(LAB) and low molecular weight polymers which are used to enhance properties of waxes.
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Industrially, linear alpha olefins are commonly manufactured by two main routes:
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SRI Consulting, Process
Economics Program Report 12E, Linear Alpha Olefins
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422:, linear and branched internal olefins, linear and branched paraffins,
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The newest commercial linear alpha olefin process is the Sabic-Linde
750:
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oil and gas and petrochemical company. Sasol commercially employs
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Two commercial processes make a single alpha-olefin carbon number.
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The only commercial process to isolate linear alpha olefins from
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503:) use approximately 2-4% and 8-10% of comonomers, respectively.
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of products, most others, including the Sasol process, make a
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alpha olefin is sold into aqueous detergent applications, C
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Linear alpha olefins are a range of industrially important
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in production of polyethylene. High-density polyethylene (
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or primary) position, and by having a linear (unbranched)
541:
The predominant application of 1-decene is in making
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has other applications such as being converted into
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
163:, distinguished from other alkenes with a similar
514:linear alpha olefins is for production of linear
777:
470:Chevron Phillips Chemical Company (Gulf) Process
379:, dimerizes ethylene to high purity 1-butene.
568:(LAB), which is further sulfonated to linear
553:in a blend with higher linear alpha olefins.
310:There are seven commercial processes which
418:cut may be 60%, with the remainder being
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
460:
189:
694:25 November 2009 Retrieved 27 June 2010
499:) and linear low-density polyethylene (
194:1-hexene, a typical linear alpha-olefin
14:
778:
720:
526:) for later production of short-chain
707:December 2008, Accessed 18 June 2010
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
723:Alpha Olefins Applications Handbook
24:
714:
25:
797:
744:
331:Chevron Phillips Chemical Company
610:in that application. Although C
483:typical of catalytic processes.
66:"Straight-chain terminal alkene"
31:
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130:Straight-chain terminal alkenes
42:needs additional citations for
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685:
13:
1:
678:
410:synthesis to make fuels from
234:and higher olefin blends of C
721:Lappin, George, ed. (1989).
591:. A recent application of C
549:basestock (PAO) and to make
506:Another significant use of C
261:
7:
451:pseudo-Poisson distribution
359:process, commercialized by
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10:
802:
751:Chevron Phillips Chemicals
481:Schultz-Flory distribution
364:α-Sablin process at their
455:Flory-Schulz distribution
653:alkyl succinic anhydride
756:Shell Chemicals Company
655:(ASA), a popular paper
637:linear internal olefins
570:alkyl benzene sulfonate
342:Idemitsu Petrochemical
195:
461:Ineos (Ethyl) Process
444:Godrej Industries Ltd
193:
673:linear alkyl benzene
566:linear alkyl benzene
387:. The other is the
138:normal alpha olefins
134:linear alpha olefins
51:improve this article
771:Linde AG Technology
301:dehydrochlorination
144:(olefins) having a
18:Linear alpha olefin
436:aromatic compounds
352:α-Sablin process.
196:
538:of the aldehyde.
335:Shell Oil Company
319:Ethyl Corporation
165:molecular formula
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16:(Redirected from
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649:maleic anhydride
524:hydroformylation
432:carboxylic acids
398:is practiced by
344:process and the
305:linear paraffins
169:terminal alkenes
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146:chemical formula
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408:Fischer–Tropsch
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273:oligomerization
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62:Find sources:
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40:This article
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28:
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703:Naqvi, Syed
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687:
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602:, replacing
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487:Applications
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448:
440:
416:distillation
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297:chlorination
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232:1-octadecene
228:1-hexadecene
202:, including
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49:Please help
44:verification
41:
659:chemical.
651:to make an
551:surfactants
532:plasticizer
420:vinylidenes
325:) process,
312:oligomerize
285:dehydration
185:hydrocarbon
173:double bond
140:(NAO), are
761:Sasol Ltd.
679:References
545:synthetic
528:fatty acid
220:1-dodecene
77:newspapers
727:CRC Press
600:basestock
547:lubricant
493:comonomer
477:plug flow
428:aldehydes
262:Synthesis
167:by being
136:(LAO) or
780:Category
608:kerosene
516:aldehyde
424:alcohols
402:Ltd., a
373:Phillips
357:α-Sablin
315:ethylene
289:alcohols
277:ethylene
267:Overview
258:ranges.
216:1-decene
212:1-octene
208:1-hexene
204:1-butene
786:Alkenes
766:UOP LLC
279:and by
250:, and C
187:chain.
142:alkenes
91:scholar
733:
657:sizing
604:diesel
389:DuPont
366:Jubail
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
501:LLDPE
400:Sasol
361:SABIC
350:Linde
346:SABIC
323:Ineos
293:waxes
179:(α-,
177:alpha
98:JSTOR
84:books
731:ISBN
574:LABS
518:via
497:HDPE
434:and
338:SHOP
327:Gulf
70:news
666:- C
643:- C
630:- C
622:- C
606:or
385:UOP
377:IFP
333:),
303:of
287:of
275:of
242:, C
53:by
782::
729:.
725:.
668:30
664:20
645:18
641:16
632:18
628:16
624:18
620:16
612:14
593:14
585:14
581:14
562:14
560:-C
558:10
510:-C
438:.
430:,
426:,
307:.
256:30
254:-C
252:20
248:30
246:-C
244:24
240:24
238:-C
236:20
230:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
206:,
181:1-
739:.
662:C
618:C
572:(
556:C
522:(
512:8
508:4
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321:(
299:/
159:n
157:2
155:H
152:n
149:C
120:)
114:(
109:)
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95:·
88:·
81:·
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20:)
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