55:, in particular former British, Dutch, Belgian and French colonies. It had two main aspects: It provided for most ACP agricultural and mineral exports to enter the EEC free of duty. Preferential access based on a quota system was agreed for products, such as sugar and beef, in competition with EEC agriculture. Secondly, the EEC committed
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preferential trade agreements between the EU and ACP should cease. The WTO Dispute
Settlement Body established another panel to discuss the issue and concluded that agreements between the EU and ACP were indeed not compatible with WTO regulations. Finally, the EU negotiated with the US through WTO to reach an agreement.
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to investigate whether the Lomé IV convention had violated WTO rules. Then later in 1996, the WTO Dispute
Settlement Body ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, effectively ending the cross-subsidies that had benefited ACP countries for many years. But the US remained unsatisfied and insisted that all
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For the United
Kingdom as traditional importer from the Caribbean, and additional information on the EU member states importers of banana from traditional ACP and PTOM suppliers, namely France from its Overseas Departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and from former colonies, Cote d’Ivoire and
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banana farmers argued for the continuation of their preferential access to traditional markets, notably the United
Kingdom. They feared that otherwise the EU would be flooded with cheap bananas from the Central American plantations, with devastating effects on several Caribbean economies.
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Cameroon; Italy from
Somalia; Outside these preferential arrangements, the largest Community market, Germany, obtained all its supplies from Latin America. M.McQueen, C.Phillips, D.Hallam, A.Swinbank,
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8.5 billion. Lomé IV was signed in
December 1989. Its trade provisions cover the ten years, 1990 to 1999. Aid and investment commitments for the first five years amounted to
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Negotiations led in 1993 to the EU agreeing to maintain the
Caribbean producers' preferential access until the end of Lomé IV, pending possible negotiation on an extension.
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schemes, which provided compensatory finance to ACP states for adverse fluctuations in the world prices of, respectively, key agricultural and mineral exports.
201:"Banana Wars Continue—Chiquita Once Again Tries to Work Its Omnipotent Will, Now Under New Management: Likely Big Losers Will Be CARICOM's Windward Islands"
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The first Lomé Convention (Lomé I), which came into force in April 1976, was designed to provide a new framework of cooperation between the then
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The convention was renegotiated and renewed three times. Lomé II (January 1981 to
February 1985) increased aid and investment expenditure to
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5.5 billion. Lomé III came into force in March 1985 (trade provisions) and May 1986 (aid), and expired in 1990; it increased commitments to
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The emergence of the single
European market at the end of 1992 affected ACP preferential access to EU markets. The Caribbean's many
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85:; investment assistance was mainly channelled through the European Investment Bank. Two other important mechanisms were the
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John
Ravenhill, “What Is to Be Done for the Third World Commodity Exporters? An Evaluation of the STABEX Scheme,”
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12 billion. In all, some 70 ACP countries are party to Lomé IV, compared with 46 signatories of Lomé I.
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185:, Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, United States, 2001. Hans-Peter Werner,
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Jonathan Fryer, "The New Lomé Convention: Marriage on the Rocks but No Separation,”
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Isebill V. Gruhn, “The Lomé Convention: Inching Toward Interdependence,”
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1975 EEC economic agreement with African, Caribbean and Pacific states
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Lomé development aid was dispersed primarily through the
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In 1995, the United States government petitioned to the
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165:"ACP-EU Trade and Aid Co-operation Post-Lomé IV"
29:African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries
313:Treaties entered into by the European Union
23:is a trade and aid agreement between the
303:History of the Commonwealth of Nations
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250:Carol C. Twitchett, “Lomé II Signed,”
183:The U.S.-European Union Banana Dispute
205:Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA)
276:The full text of the Lome Convention
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333:Treaties entered into force in 1976
293:Foreign trade of the European Union
31:, first signed in February 1975 in
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25:European Economic Community (EEC)
271:The Lomé Convention under threat
231:International Development Review
265:The Lomé Convention Background
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124:ACP-EU Development Cooperation
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308:ACP–European Union relations
252:Atlantic Community Quarterly
59:(EUA) 3 billion for aid and
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338:European Union foreign aid
328:Treaties concluded in 1975
247:38 (Summer 1984): 537–574.
245:International Organization
240:30 (Spring 1976): 240–262.
238:International Organization
187:Lomé, the WTO, and bananas
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83:European Development Fund
254:18 (Spring 1980): 85–89.
207:. Washington, D.C.: COHA
160:The Lomé Banana Protocol
106:World Trade Organization
57:European Unit of Account
269:Mouradian, Anne-Marie,
181:. Charles E. Hanrahan,
63:in the ACP countries.
199:COHA (16 May 2005).
139:The Courier (ACP-EU)
171:on 1 October 2011
129:Cotonou Agreement
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233:1 (1980): 53–54.
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298:Trade blocs
98:smallholder
287:Categories
145:References
61:investment
211:9 October
113:See also
43:History
27:and 71
134:Stabex
91:Sysmin
87:Stabex
175:2 May
343:Euro
318:Lomé
213:2019
177:2015
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19:The
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