248:, and large grants of land. The Lords allowed settlers of any religion except atheists. The Lords also had a generous headright system whereby they granted 150 acres of land to each member of a family. An indentured male servant who served his term received his freedom dues from his master and a grant of one hundred acres from the Lords Proprietors. To attract planters with capital to invest, the Lords Proprietors also gave the owner and master the 150-acre headright for every slave imported to the Colony. These incentives drew 6,600 colonists to the colony by 1700 compared with only 1,500 in the Spanish colony of Florida. Carolina attracted English settlers, French Protestants (
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383:. Some of the documents relate to Wyche's activity in the colony. His successor to the Secretary position was John Wilmot. After a revolt against the Lords Proprietors in 1719, the colony came under royal control. This change in power was formalized by an Act of the English parliament in 1729 called "An Agreement with Seven of the Lords Proprietors of Carolina, for the Surrender of their Title and Interest in that Province".
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283:. During these times of conflict, the colonists received little or no help from the proprietors. The elite group of settlers in Carolina, former West Indians known as the Goose Creek Men, grew increasingly frustrated with the Lords Proprietors because they meddled in politics but failed to defend the colony against Spanish and Native American attacks.
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and eleven associates who each sold half of their share to twelve others, forming an association of twenty-four proprietors. This body became known as the Board of
Proprietors of East Jersey. This board exercised government control, which eventually led to many conflicts within the colony. In 1702,
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Berkeley sold his half of New Jersey to Edward
Byllynge and John Fenwick. In 1676, Carteret and Fenwick negotiated a division of the province into two sections: East Jersey which was held by Carteret and West Jersey which was held by Fenwick. Sir George Carteret died in 1680. His property was left to
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The Dutch re-conquered the area in 1673 but then surrendered to the
English in 1674. The new documents governing the lands still did not mention the lord proprietor's governing rights which led to continued confusion with colonial officials in New York. Two of New Jersey's governors during the area's
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In the 1690s, the Lords
Proprietors were keen to implement their plan for a colonial aristocracy (an attempt to stabilize Carolina politics). One document is a grant or patent issued by the Lords Proprietors of South Carolina in 1699. It was issued to an Englishman named John Wyche, a relative of the
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Each proprietary colony had a unique system of governance reflecting the geographic challenges of the area as well as the personality of the lord proprietor. The colonies of
Maryland and New York, based on English law and administration practices, were run effectively. However, other colonies such as
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Nonetheless, Berkeley and
Carteret, established a constitution and gave freemen the right to elect an Assembly. A tax could not be levied without the Assembly's approval. The Governor was appointed by the Lords Proprietors and was allowed to select his own Council, which constituted the upper branch
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This charter outlined how the eight proprietors should rule
Carolina. It gave the land to the proprietors, allowed for patronage, gave the proprietors absolute power in the colony, gave the colony's government the right to make laws, authorized the authority to make ordinances, gave instructions to
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in 1664, when
William Sayle was appointed as the governor. Proprietary authority was weaker near the Virginia border. The Lords Proprietors established a North Carolina with its own assembly and deputy governor. In 1712, the division of Carolina into North and South was completed with the elevation
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later became the most common way to settle areas with
British subjects. The land was licensed or granted to a proprietor who held expanse power. The powers were commonly written into the land charters by using the "Bishop of Durham clause," which recreated the powers and responsibilities once given
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In 1664, the
English gained control of New Jersey from the Dutch. King Charles II granted the country to his brother, the Duke of York, who in turn sold the colony to two of his friends, Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret (who were both already Lords Proprietors of Carolina). The area was named
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This charter issued by King Charles II of England proposed the formation of the Lords Proprietors and gave the lands of Carolina to the eight proprietors: the Earl of Clarendon, Duke of Albemarle, Lord Craven, Lord Berkeley, Lord Ashley, Sir George Carteret, William Berkeley and Sir John Colleton.
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This document outlines the distribution of power in New Jersey by the Lords Proprietors. The document includes the role Governor of the province, the right for the Governor to choose six counsellors, the role of the Chief of Secretary, the role of the Surveyor General and the colonists’ duty as
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Effective governance of proprietary colonies relied on the appointment of a governor. The lord proprietor made the governor the head of the province's military, judicial, and administrative functions. This was typically conducted using a commission established by the lord proprietor. The lord
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The documents include information about Wyche's land-claims and the petition of the Cyril family for an endorsement of their rights under the 1699 grant (a claim that the Privy Council in London disallowed). The grant was originally written in Latin and is embossed on
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with the right to claim 48,000 acres (190 km) of land in a certain region. John Wyche was appointed as the Secretary to the Province and served in this role in the colony for a short period of six months before he received another appointment in
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in Florida, and to do so, they needed to attract more colonists. The Lords Proprietors offered English settlers inducements consisting of religious toleration, political representation in an assembly that had power over public taxes, exemption from
294:(Britain ruled the colony but allowed the people self-government). In 1729, the Crown bought out seven of the eight of the Lords Proprietors for ÂŁ22,500, approximately the amount that they had spent on the colony. The eighth proprietor,
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The Calvert Papers... With an account of their recovery ... Together with a calendar of the papers recovered , and selections from the papers (Selections from correspondence.-"A Briefe Relation of the Voyage vnto Maryland" and other
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Carolina were mismanaged. The colonies of West and East Jersey, as well as Pennsylvania, were distinct in their diversion from the traditional monarchial system, which ruled most colonies of the time because of the large number of
460:"New Jersey" after Carteret's home island of Jersey in the English Channel. The grant, unique among other proprietary grants in the Americas, did not explicitly give the lord proprietors the power of government in the colony.
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defend the colony against enemies, outlined trade regulations, gave the proprietors building rights in the colony, allowed for an army and allowed the practice of religion conformed to the Church of England.
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of the Legislature. The new colony attracted many settlers because Berkeley and Sir George Carteret sold the land to the colonists at low prices and allowed them political and religious freedoms.
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4. The Concession and Agreement of the Lords Proprietors of the Province of New Caesarea, or New Jersey, to and With All and Every the Adventures and All Such as Shall Settle or Plant There- 1664
962:"The Concession and Agreement of the Lords Proprietors of the Province of New Caesarea, or New Jersey, to and With All and Every the Adventures and All Such as Shall Settle of Plant There- 1664"
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Smith, E. (2018), The global interests of London's commercial community, 1599–1625: investment in the East India Company. The Economic History Review, 71: 1118-1146. doi:10.1111/ehr.12665
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5. A Declaration of the True Intent and Meaning of us the Lords Proprietors, and Explanation of There Concessions Made to the Adventures and Planters of New Caesarea or New Jersey- 1672
984:"A Declaration of the True Intent and Meaning of us the Lord Proprietors, and Explanation of There Concessions Made to the Adventurers and Planters of New Caesarea or New Jersey- 1672"
163:) the southern half of the English land in the New World between 36 degrees and 31 degrees north latitude from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The land was named "
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This declaration gave the proprietors the power to protect their colony, the right to settle the colony, freedom of religion and one hundred acres of land for each man.
275:(1702–1713), the colonists drove French and Spanish forces away from Charlestown. Again, between 1715 and 1718, the colonists defended themselves against attacks by the
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in England. That clause gave the lord proprietor the power to create courts and laws, establish governing bodies and churches, and appoint all governing officials.
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Some of the 1729 interests had been acquired not by inheritance but by purchase. The Carteret interest continued until independence, when the Crown paid
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with the Great Seal of the Proprietors attached. This seal and document is one of two such 17th century documents to survive with the seal intact.
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This document from King Charles II of England reiterates Sir George Carteret's claim to his land in America as laid out by the original patents.
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In 1719, the South Carolina assembly sent a petition to England and requested the proprietors to be replaced with Crown administration.
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The Lords Proprietors failed to protect the settlers when enemies attacked or threatened the colony. For example, during
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time as a proprietary colony were arrested and imprisoned in New York for governing without the authority to do so.
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proprietor typically instructed the governor what to do. Only through those instructions could legislation be made.
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In this patent King Charles I of England gave Sir Robert Hearth, the attorney general, property in the New World.
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When the Crown purchased the proprietors' interests in 1729 the successors of the eight proprietors proved to be:
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were the most common method used to settle new land. That changed after Maryland's Royal Grant in 1632, when
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Sirmans, M. (1966). Politics in Colonial South Carolina: The Failure of Proprietary Reform, 1682-1694.
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appointed royal governors for North and South Carolina and converted the colony's status to that of a
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Headright system- Each settler received a single headright (grant of land) for himself or herself.
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Trustees who put East Jersey up for sale in a public auction. In 1682, the property was sold to
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2. A Declaration and Proposals of the Lord Proprietor of Carolina, 25 August – 4 September 1663
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supporter of the King. In 1663, eight members of the English nobility received a charter from
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1006:"His Royal Highness's Grant to the Lords Proprietors, Sir George Carteret, 29th July, 1674"
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in the 17th century. The plural of the term is "lords proprietors" or "lords proprietary".
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6. His Royal Highness's Grant to the Lords Proprietors, Sir George Carteret, 29 July 1674
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East and West Jersey surrendered the right to government to the English Crown under
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The Lords Proprietors were anxious to secure Carolina against Spanish attacks from
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Osgood, H. (1897). The Proprietary Province as a Form of Colonial Government, II.
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Quitrents- a fixed rent payable to a feudal superior in commutation of services
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1116:"The Oldest Land Company: How The East Jersey Board of Proprietors Was Founded"
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This declaration outlines the rules for the General Assembly and the Governor.
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Berkeley: Joseph Blake, a planter of the province of South Carolina (1700–1751)
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Two documents remain with the Lords Proprietors' original seal kept intact.
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to establish the colony of Carolina. The eight Lords Proprietors were:
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in those areas who shared many views with the lords proprietary.
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Shaftesbury: in trust for John Cotton of East Barnet, Middlesex
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896:"Sir Robert Heath's Patent 5 Charles 1st; October 30, 1629"
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1. Sir Robert Heath's Patent 5 Charles I, 30 October 1629
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September 1683 – 1687: Edward Byllynge (2nd time) (s.a.)
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Lurie, M. (1987). New Jersey: The Unique Proprietary.
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of the deputy governor to governor of North Carolina.
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in exchange for a share of the income derived there.
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The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,
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1182:. In their own words (1st ed.). New York:
55:sources that evaluate within a broader context
27:Term for a 17th-century English colony founder
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874:"The Lords Proprietors' Grant and Seal, 1699"
522:John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton
862:. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 224–226.
113:, proprietary rights to an area east of the
716:Thorpe, Francis Newton (18 December 1998).
374:chief Proprietor, giving him the status of
82:for the establishment and government of an
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512:1692–April 1703: 24 Proprietors (2nd time)
509:1682–1688 : 24 Proprietors (1st time)
263:The first government in Carolina began in
1176:"Chapter 16: Proprietors in the Colonies"
667:"Proprietary Colonies | Encyclopedia.com"
538:February 1675–September 1683: Trusteeship
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876:. University of South Carolina Libraries
607:. This usage is generally left ignored.
506:January 1680 – 1682 : 8 Proprietors
492:, there were two proprietary lordships:
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1064:Clemens, Paul G. E. & Grant Saff.
1008:. The Avalon Project. 18 December 1998
986:. The Avalon Project. 18 December 1998
942:. The Avalon Project. 18 December 1998
920:. The Avalon Project. 18 December 1998
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1142:"The Lords Proprietors of New Jersey"
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940:"Charter of Carolina- March 24, 1663"
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718:"The Charter of Maryland : 1632"
412:3. Charter of Carolina- 24 March 1663
45:focuses too much on specific examples
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1225:WorldStatesmen USA – here States N
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516:Lords Proprietary of West Jersey:
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360:compensation for the Carteret loss
309:(1707–1745) and his brother, then
130:Governance of proprietary colonies
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843:The William and Mary Quarterly,
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551:1692–April 1703: 12 Proprietors
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335:John Carteret, Baron Carteret
296:John Carteret, Lord Granville
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692:"The settlement of Maryland"
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1098:(1), 77-97. Retrieved from
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124:County Palatine of Durham
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1031:. New York: McGraw Hill.
305:Albemarle: in trust for
97:In the beginning of the
1027:Brinkley, Alan (2008).
795:Encyclopædia Britannica
544:February 1687 – 1688:
490:Province of New Jersey
78:is a person granted a
1220:North Carolina Manual
1029:The Unfinished Nation
858:Taylor, Alan (2002).
311:Lord Charles Somerset
99:European colonial era
1325:Sir William Berkeley
1068:. World Book Student
898:. The Avalon Project
671:www.encyclopedia.com
221:Sir William Berkeley
165:Province of Carolina
119:Proprietary colonies
51:improve this article
1339:Earl of Shaftesbury
1318:Sir George Carteret
816:Gundersen, Joan R.
722:avalon.law.yale.edu
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483:Glorious Revolution
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233:Earl of Shaftesbury
208:Sir George Carteret
1146:The New York Times
1120:The New York Times
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633:Proprietary colony
575:. You can help by
103:East India Company
1459:Colonial land law
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1290:Duke of Albemarle
1274:Lords Proprietors
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49:Please help
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1469:Inheritance
1186:. pp.
1043:"Quitrents"
605:Isle of Man
546:Daniel Coxe
535:(1618–1683)
524:(1602–1678)
445:Definition
330:(1700–1739)
320:(1674–1735)
316:Clarendon:
313:(1709–1756)
258:West Indies
241:San AgustĂn
229:(1608–1666)
223:(1605–1677)
215: 1610
204:(1608–1697)
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192:(1609–1674)
186:(1608–1670)
1448:Categories
639:References
479:Queen Anne
455:New Jersey
347:Colleton:
333:Carteret:
53:by adding
776:558056396
617:Donatário
376:Landgrave
366:Documents
250:Huguenots
246:quitrents
151:In 1629,
1368:Category
1278:Carolina
1206:97041889
1104:20092076
768:papers.)
611:See also
326:Craven:
256:and the
254:Barbados
173:Royalist
155:granted
147:Carolina
109:granted
1402:History
1388:Portals
1188:296–311
1165:Sources
727:10 June
701:10 June
696:HISTORY
676:10 June
488:In the
381:Hamburg
281:pirates
137:Quakers
122:to the
84:English
1474:Titles
1414:Europe
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87:colony
1100:JSTOR
159:(the
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1192:ISBN
1154:2011
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