616:, 1951–1952, (Tate) is an example of a transitional work in this process, sharing many characteristics with paintings before and after it, with relatively tight brushwork and a middling size and viewpoint. He would often clean his brush after each stroke when painting flesh, so that the colour remained constantly variable. He also started to paint standing up, which continued until old age, when he switched to a high chair. The colours of non-flesh areas in these paintings are typically muted, while the flesh becomes increasingly highly and variably coloured. By about 1960, Freud had established the style that he would use, with some changes, for the rest of his career. The later portraits often use an over life-size scale, but are of mostly relatively small heads or in half-lengths. Later portraits are often much larger. In his late career he often followed a portrait by producing an
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681:, a nude completed in 2007, required sixteen months of work, with the model, Ria Kirby, posing all but four evenings during that time. With each session averaging five hours, the painting took approximately 2,400 hours to complete. A rapport with his models was necessary, and while at work, Freud was characterised as "an outstanding raconteur and mimic". Regarding the difficulty in deciding when a painting is completed, Freud said that "he feels he's finished when he gets the impression he's working on somebody else's painting". Paintings were divided into day paintings done in natural light and night paintings done under artificial light, and the sessions, and lighting, were never mixed.
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635:, "The distinctive, recumbent manner in which Freud poses so many of his sitters suggests the conscious or unconscious influence both of his grandfather's psychoanalytical couch and of the Egyptian mummy, his dreaming figures, clothed or nude, staring into space until (if ever) brought back to health and/or consciousness. The particular application of this supine pose to freaks, friends, wives, mistresses, dogs, daughters and mother alike (the latter regularly depicted after her suicide attempt and eventually, literally mummy-like in death), tends to support this hypothesis."
1408:"He had met Freud by 1949...the acquaintance was well-developed by 1950 when we shared the ground-floor of a house in Hatch Street together. Lucian, who was staying in Ireland, used to come around in the mornings to paint, so that sometimes when I would surface around ten or eleven I would find them both at work in the studio next door." – Anthony Cronin, Patrick Swift (1927–83), IMMA Retrospective Catalogue, 1993; "Freud… came to Dublin in 1948… In September 1951 Kitty Garman wrote to her mother… She mentions Freud working on a painting in Paddy Swift's Hatch Street studio,
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really." However the titles were mostly anonymous, and the identity of the sitter not always disclosed; the Duke and
Duchess of Devonshire had a portrait of one of Freud's daughters as a baby for several years before he mentioned who the model was. In the 1970s Freud spent 4,000 hours on a series of paintings of his mother, about which art historian
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It was Freud's practice to begin a painting by first drawing in charcoal on the canvas. He then applied paint to a small area of the canvas, and gradually worked outward from that point. For a new sitter, he often started with the head as a means of "getting to know" the person, then painted the rest
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From the 1950s, he began to focus on portraiture, often nudes (though his first full-length nude was not painted until 1966), to the almost complete exclusion of everything else, and by the middle of the decade developed a much more free style using large hog's-hair brushes, concentrating on the
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Freud's subjects, who needed to make a very large and uncertain commitment of their time, were often the people in his life; friends, family, fellow painters, lovers, children. He said, "The subject matter is autobiographical, it's all to do with hope and memory and sensuality and involvement,
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of the figure, eventually returning to the head as his comprehension of the model deepened. A section of canvas was intentionally left bare until the painting was finished. The finished painting is an accumulation of richly worked layers of pigment, as well as months of intense observation.
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The negative attitude towards
Germany came on the one hand due to the National Socialists' forced flight of the family from their beloved Berlin to London, and on the other hand due to the theft of his portrait of Francis Bacon, which was stolen from the traveling exhibition in the
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as a group named the "School of London". This group was a loose collection of individual artists who knew each other, some intimately, and were working in London at the same time in the figurative style. The group was active contemporaneously with the boom years of
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350:, but by the early 1950s his often stark and alienated paintings tended towards realism. Freud was an intensely private and guarded man, and his paintings, completed over a 60-year career, are mostly of friends and family. They are generally sombre and thickly
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In 1987 the
British Council organised a retrospective for the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, DC, which was subsequently shown in the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris, in the Hayward Gallery London and in the Neue Nationalgalerie in
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Frankfurt was able to show 50 paintings, drawings and etchings from the late 1940s to 2000 in a larger overview exhibition despite the artist's considerable resentment towards
Germany. All print media bore the motif of Freud's outstanding painting
662:(2006). Wilting houseplants feature prominently in some portraits, especially in the 1960s, and Freud also produced a number of paintings purely of plants. Other regular features included mattresses in earlier works, and huge piles of the
445:, in 1942–43. He served as a merchant seaman in an Atlantic convoy in 1941 before being invalided out of the service in 1942. As a result of his poor physical condition he was able, unlike his two brothers, to avoid conscription.
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presented "Lucian Freud: Early Works". The exhibition comprised around 30 drawings and paintings done between 1940 and 1945. In 1997 Freud received the Rubens Prize of the city of Siegen. From
September 2000 to March 2001, the
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Freud's most consistent model in his later years was his studio assistant and friend David Dawson, the subject of his final, unfinished work. Towards the end of his life he did a nude portrait of model
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307:; 8 December 1922 – 20 July 2011) was a British painter and draughtsman, specialising in figurative art, and is known as one of the foremost 20th-century English portraitists. He was born in
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for $ 7.4 million. The top left section of this painting has been 'grafted' on to the main section below, and closer inspection reveals a horizontal line where these two sections were joined.
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rags with which he used to clean his brushes in later ones. Some portraits, especially in the 1980s, have very carefully painted views of London roofscapes seen through the studio windows.
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The use of animals in his compositions is widespread, and often he features a pet and its owner. Other examples of portraits with both animals and people in Freud's work include
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650:(1985–86). He had a special passion for horses, having enjoyed riding at school in Dartington, where he sometimes slept in the stables. His portraits solely of horses include
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Freud painted from life, and usually spent a great deal of time with each subject, demanding the model's presence even while working on the background of the portrait.
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1559:(April/May 2006), pp. 62–69, complete refs in Chaney, Edward (2006). 'Egypt in England and America: The Cultural Memorials of Religion, Royalty and Religion',
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in depicting people, plants and animals in unusual juxtapositions. Some very early works anticipate the varied flesh tones of his mature style, for example
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to Paris, where they married in 1953; they divorced in 1959. During the late 1970s and 80s, Freud was also famously in a relationship with fellow painter
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Freud's portraits often depict only the sitter, sometimes sprawled naked on the floor or on a bed or alternatively juxtaposed with something else, as in
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observed "it is more than 300 years since a painter showed as directly and as visually his relationship with his mother. And that was
Rembrandt."
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and Lucian Freud and is thus the only project Freud authorised in direct cooperation with a German museum. The major retrospective at London's
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845:. There was criticism of the portrayal in some sections of the British media. In 2005, a retrospective of Freud's work was held at the
803:(1995-1996) depicting the nude Sue Tilley. In addition to some of his most important nude portraits of women, the large-format picture
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Freud was noted for his aversion to being photographed; he once kicked a photographer on his departure from a private dinner.
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mounted a major exhibition of 27 paintings and thirteen etchings, covering Freud's output to date. The following year the
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Sotheby's
October 2011 Evening Sales of 20th Century Italian Art and Contemporary Art Total £39.5/$ 62/€45 Million
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New York from the exhibition in 1993. The
Frankfurt exhibition was realised in a personal dialogue between curator
751:. Freud was one of the best known British artists working in a representational style, and was shortlisted for the
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Freud acknowledged fourteen of his children, two from Freud's first marriage and 12 by various mistresses. Writer
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Channel Four News
Interview with Lucian Freud on the campaign to keep Titian paintings in Britain 2008
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programme which saw one of the very few conversations with Freud ever recorded, in this case with
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of the subject in a different pose, drawing directly onto the plate, with the sitter in his view.
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and comprised, among other drawings, a stuffed zebra and a palm tree. Both subjects reappeared in
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Freud was appointed a
Companion of Honour in 1983, and a member of the Order of Merit in 1993.
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giving a talk in front of "Sleeping by the Lion Carpet" at the 2000 exhibition in Frankfurt.
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Mark Brown, "Lucian Freud's final work to be shown in 2012 National Portrait Gallery show"
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Freud's early paintings, which are mostly very small, are often associated with German
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Freud was one of a number of figurative artists who were later characterised by artist
323:. His family moved to England in 1933, when he was 10 years old, to escape the rise of
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Brown, Mark (10 July 2021). "Exhibition brings to light young Freud's love triangle".
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10x Malerei. Rubenspreis der Stadt Siegen in Werken der Sammlung Lambrecht-Schadeberg
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evening auction, making it one of the highlights of the 2011 auction autumn season.
319:. Freud got his first name "Lucian" from his mother in memory of the ancient writer
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327:. He became a British naturalized citizen in 1939. From 1942 to 1943 he attended
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833:. The conversations with the artist were made possible by Duncan MacGuigan from
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2284:"'I Am No Longer Anyone's Model': Celia Paul on Why She Chose Art Over Love"
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Lucian Freud (Exhibition Catalogue of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna)
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Lucian Freud: After Cézanne, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, 2001
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Charles Finch on Lucian Freud – MoMA: Museum of Modern Art, New York City
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2162:"Lucian Freud portrait of Camilla's ex-husband sells for nearly $ 35m"
1985:, Museum für Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt am Main, 29.09.2000-04.03.2001.
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Feaver, William (January 2015). "Freud, Lucian Michael (1922–2011)".
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588:(1946, Tate) and a series of large-eyed portraits of his first wife,
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1281:"London Exhibition Showcases the Best of Bryanston Art and Design"
409:, for a year before being expelled owing to disruptive behaviour.
370:, an architect who was the fourth child of Austrian psychoanalyst
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Born in Berlin on 8 December 1922 (the city was then part of the
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Man with a Blue Scarf: On Sitting for a Portrait by Lucian Freud
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Lucian Freud: Naked Portraits. Works from the 1940s to the 1990s
1396:"From late 1946 to early 1947, he and Freud painted on Poros" –
853:. In late 2007, a collection of etchings went on display at the
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from 1992 was also shown in Frankfurt, which was removed in the
778:, noteworthy because of its unusual shape, was purchased by the
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Lucian Freud: From "Ingres of Existentialism" to Impasto Master
1685:"Is Lucian Freud's Relationship with Mother Odd, or Is It Art?"
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texture and colour of flesh, and much thicker paint, including
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commissioned the young artist to illustrate a book of poems by
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Lucian Freud: L'Atelier (The Studio) / Centre Pompidou, Paris
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Freud's Lounging Naked Civil Servant Sells for $ 56.2 Million
939:, beating the $ 30 million US presale estimate for the work.
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The Artist Observed: 28 Interviews with Contemporary Artists
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1983:
Lucian Freud: Naked Portraits. Werke der 40er bis 90er Jahre
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2325:. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 155.
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on display at Freud's first solo exhibition in 1944 at the
397:. Lucian became a British subject in 1939, having attended
2044:"Curator's Voice: Starr Figura on Lucian Freud's Etchings"
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studio. He remained a Londoner for the rest of his life.
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in London, and from 1939 to 1942 with greater success at
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Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
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New York. This was followed by a large retrospective at
2099:"Lucian Freud (1922–2011), Benefits Supervisor Resting"
1826:"Turner Prize 1989 – Exhibition at Tate Britain – Tate"
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Feaver, William. "Freud, Lucian Michael (1922–2011)".
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In the 1940s Freud and fellow artists Adrian Ryan and
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sold for $ 56.2 million. On 13 October 2011, his 1952
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Freud died in London on 20 July 2011 and is buried in
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in 2002. In 2001, Freud completed a portrait of Queen
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Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho-Analytic Work
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Sites of Exchange: European Crossroads and Faultlines
971:. They had two daughters, Annabel Freud and the poet
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1673:, British Council, 2009. Retrieved 18 December 2010.
496:. Major figures in the group included Freud, Kitaj,
386:) and the younger brother of Stephan Gabriel Freud.
299:
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Dangerous Muse: The Life of Lady Caroline Blackwood
1874:. Australia: National Gallery of Australia. p. 24.
1847:"Turner Prize 1985 artists: Terry Atkinson – Tate"
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2202:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 29.
1891:Richard Calvocoressi, Lucian Freud: Early Works,
3700:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
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714:and produced a large number of portraits of the
433:, relocated in 1940 to Benton End, a house near
346:His early career as a painter was influenced by
3650:British Merchant Navy personnel of World War II
2032:. 21 December 2001. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
1814:, 20 September 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
3625:Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
741:world record auction price for a living artist
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1723:"Gayford, Martin. Lucian Freud: marathon man"
3121:Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood
3031:Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego
2483:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2409:, Frankfurt am Main, 29.09.2000-04.03.2001.
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2071:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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2999:Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious
596:(1947, Tate). These were painted with tiny
427:East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing
114:East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing
3715:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
3620:Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
3137:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement
3023:The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement
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2643:Essay by Kelly Grovier on Lucian Freud in
2323:The Lives of Lucian Freud: Fame: 1968-2011
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959:, he went on to marry, in 1948, her niece
917:On 10 November 2015 Freud's 2004 painting
864:Grave of Lucian Freud at Highgate Cemetery
739:in New York for $ 33.6 million, setting a
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3725:People educated at Dartington Hall School
3655:British people of Austrian-Jewish descent
3615:Academics of the Slade School of Fine Art
1005:are his daughters by Bernadine Coverley.
849:in Venice scheduled to coincide with the
460:. It was published the following year by
3680:German people of Austrian-Jewish descent
2893:Portrait of George Dyer and Lucian Freud
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931:uniform, sold for $ 34.89 million US at
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819:in 1988 was the focal point for the BBC
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706:Freud painted fellow artists, including
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393:, London, in 1933 to escape the rise of
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16:British painter and engraver (1922-2011)
3660:British people of German-Jewish descent
3151:Thoughts for the Times on War and Death
3097:Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality
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2480:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2445:The Lives of Lucian Freud, Vol.1: Youth
2385:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art
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2068:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1893:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art
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1234:"Portrait of the artist as a happy man"
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1044:Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
791:Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art
785:In 1996, the Abbot Hall Art Gallery in
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3105:Delusion and Dream in Jensen's Gradiva
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2454:The Lives of Lucian Freud, Vol.2: Fame
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2026:"Freud royal portrait divides critics"
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1386:. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 122–30.
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2660:Lucian Freud – Centre Pompidou, Paris
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1720:Gayford, Martin (22 September 2007).
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1315:"Lucian Freud (P '40) "Painted Life""
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570:(an influence he tended to deny) and
2991:The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
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2621:, Press release/exhibition booklet,
2609:50 artworks by or after Lucian Freud
2429:Lucian Freud: Paintings and Etchings
2227:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
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1734:from the original on 12 January 2022
1363:from the original on 12 January 2022
1166:from the original on 12 January 2022
955:love triangle. After an affair with
890:(1995), a portrait of civil servant
524:. Freud was a visiting tutor at the
335:. He served at sea with the British
3720:People educated at Bryanston School
1615:, 2006-11-01. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
1458:Kitaj's essay in the catalogue for
1232:Spurling, John (13 December 1998).
1201:Smith, Roberta (14 December 2007).
1038:Museum für Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt
876:officiated at the private funeral.
13:
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2307:David Kamp, "Freud, Interrupted",
2268:David Kamp, "Freud, Interrupted",
2042:Ayers, Robert (18 December 2007).
2035:
1775:"Freud work sets new world record"
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551:. Portrait of Freud's first wife,
450:Meary James Thurairajah Tambimuttu
14:
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3113:Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming
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2619:Lucian Freud exhibition (English)
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1325:. 8 February 2012. Archived from
1291:. 12 October 2008. Archived from
1099:National Portrait Gallery, London
3605:20th-century British printmakers
3063:Civilization and Its Discontents
2720:
2671:Smee, Sebastian (31 July 2011).
2356:
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1438:"Art term: The School of London"
1384:The Lives of Lucian Freud, Vol.1
1269:. 13 October 1939. p. 6866.
982:In late 1952, Freud eloped with
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2629:2002 exhibition at Tate Britain
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1959:collections.britishart.yale.edu
1955:"Lucian Freud, naked portraits"
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1683:Jones, Jerene (24 April 1978).
1676:
1657:
1648:
1632:
1618:
1592:
1566:
1546:
1521:
1512:
1486:
1452:
1430:
1402:
1390:
1285:Bryanston Art: Past and Present
805:Nude with leg up (Leigh Bowery)
688:
535:
412:
216:
187:
3015:Introduction to Psychoanalysis
2379:Calvocoressi, Richard (1997).
2122:Katya Kazakina (14 May 2015),
1398:John Craxton Guardian Obituary
1375:
1341:
1307:
1273:
1253:
1194:
1191:. Tate. Retrieved October 2016
1181:
311:, the son of Jewish architect
1:
3695:Members of the Order of Merit
3610:21st-century British painters
3600:20th-century British painters
3167:Beyond the Pleasure Principle
2901:Three Studies of Lucian Freud
2623:Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien
2561:Lucian Freud, revised edition
2282:Parker, Dian (6 March 2024).
1137:
879:
780:National Gallery of Australia
767:National Gallery of Australia
448:In 1943, the poet and editor
417:Freud briefly studied at the
3665:Burials at Highgate Cemetery
3635:British contemporary artists
3047:The Question of Lay Analysis
2976:The Interpretation of Dreams
2761:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
2553:Lucian Freud: Eyes Wide Open
2497:UK public library membership
2223:Schoenberger, Nancy (2001).
2200:Lucian Freud: Eyes Wide Open
2085:UK public library membership
1414:Freud: Prophet of Discomfort
1350:"Obituary: Lucian Freud, OM"
1203:"Lucian Freud Stripped Bare"
887:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
732:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
699:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
602:Early Netherlandish painting
154:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
7:
1941:Neue Nationalgalerie Berlin
900:Benefits Supervisor Resting
801:Sleeping by the Lion Carpet
10:
3746:
3730:People from St John's Wood
2555:Seattle: Amazon Publishing
2311:, February 2012, page 147.
2272:, February 2012, page 148.
1119:Irish Museum of Modern Art
1071:Irish Museum of Modern Art
1031:Metropolitan Museum of Art
898:New York auction in 2015,
3514:
3464:Freud: The Secret Passion
3453:
3373:
3259:
3191:
3090:The Aetiology of Hysteria
3081:
3055:The Future of an Illusion
2951:
2872:
2787:
2728:
2594:, Exhibition booklet for
2592:National Portrait Gallery
2520:Gowing, Lawrence (1982).
2431:. Abbot Hall Art Gallery.
2381:Early Works: Lucian Freud
2355:
2350:
2251:"Face to face with Freud"
1574:"UBS Art Collection: A-Z"
1440:. tate.org. 10 April 2017
1050:Scottish National Gallery
1012:Selected solo exhibitions
530:University College London
260:
250:
231:
164:
127:
101:
82:
53:
41:
23:
3539:Clement Freud (grandson)
3311:Psychosexual development
3181:Dostoevsky and Parricide
3159:Mourning and Melancholia
2504:Gayford, Martin (2010).
2461:Feaver, William (2002).
2452:Feaver, William (2022).
2443:Feaver, William (2018).
2427:Feaver, William (1996).
2407:Museum für Moderne Kunst
2321:Feaver, William (2021).
2013:"Omnibus – Lucian Freud"
1382:Feaver, William (2018).
1359:. London. 21 July 2011.
1162:. London. 21 July 2011.
1132:National Gallery, London
1112:Kunsthistorisches Museum
796:Museum für Moderne Kunst
679:Ria, Naked Portrait 2007
631:(1977–78). According to
582:National Museum of Wales
526:Slade School of Fine Art
389:The family emigrated to
3705:British modern painters
3549:Walter Freud (grandson)
3544:Lucian Freud (grandson)
2803:Lady Caroline Blackwood
2673:"Lucian Freud up close"
2559:Hughes, Robert (1997).
2489:10.1093/ref:odnb/103935
2142:Sotheby's Press Release
2077:10.1093/ref:odnb/103935
1777:. BBC News. 14 May 2008
1419:19 January 2012 at the
1092:Centre Georges Pompidou
1085:Gemeentemuseum Den Haag
988:Lady Caroline Blackwood
205:Lady Caroline Blackwood
3564:Edward Bernay (nephew)
3440:Views on homosexuality
3403:London home and museum
3398:Vienna home and museum
2596:Lucian Freud Portraits
2575:Sharp, Jasper (2013).
2563:. Thames & Hudson.
2524:. Thames & Hudson.
2508:. Thames & Hudson.
2198:Hoban, Phoebe (2014).
1605:11 August 2011 at the
1189:Lucian Freud 1922–2011
1025:
865:
769:
703:
563:
494:abstract expressionism
462:Editions Poetry London
3645:British male painters
3554:Amalia Freud (mother)
3529:Anna Freud (daughter)
3524:Martha Bernays (wife)
2638:Freud at Tate Britain
2551:Hoban, Phoebe (2014)
2456:. London: Bloomsbury.
2447:. London: Bloomsbury.
2187:. London. p. 25.
1953:Lauter, Rolf (2001).
1126:Royal Academy of Arts
1019:
1001:and fashion designer
863:
761:
696:
625:Girl With a White Dog
614:Girl with a White Dog
545:Girl with a White Dog
543:
419:Central School of Art
358:Early life and family
109:Central School of Art
3640:British illustrators
3559:Jacob Freud (father)
3534:Ernst L. Freud (son)
3504:Freud's Last Session
3274:Id, ego and superego
3251:Daniel Paul Schreber
3071:Moses and Monotheism
2753:Naked Child Laughing
2745:Head on a Green Sofa
2536:Gruen, John (1991).
2364:Standing by the Rags
2147:3 March 2016 at the
1866:Lampert, Catherine;
1669:29 June 2011 at the
1642:Standing by the Rags
1555:, 'Freudian Egypt',
1295:on 28 September 2011
1078:Museum of Modern Art
1064:Acquavella Galleries
925:Andrew Parker Bowles
855:Museum of Modern Art
835:Acquavella Galleries
443:University of London
315:and the grandson of
273:Lucian Michael Freud
219: 1952;
190: 1948;
58:Lucian Michael Freud
3630:Artists from Berlin
3480:Mahler on the Couch
2968:Studies on Hysteria
2540:. a cappella books.
2170:. 11 November 2015.
1728:The Daily Telegraph
1557:The London Magazine
1356:The Daily Telegraph
1329:on 13 November 2012
1159:The Daily Telegraph
986:heiress and writer
809:Metropolitan Museum
532:from 1949 to 1954.
492:and in contrast to
439:Goldsmiths' College
437:. He also attended
405:, Devon, and later
329:Goldsmiths' College
235:Various, including
119:Goldsmiths' College
3710:Modern printmakers
3488:A Dangerous Method
3355:Deferred obedience
3039:The Ego and the Id
2128:Bloomberg Business
1627:Two Plants 1977–80
1531:Naked Man With Rat
1495:Girl with a Kitten
1481:Man with a Thistle
1266:The London Gazette
1208:The New York Times
1153:"Lucian Freud, OM"
1026:
866:
770:
721:. He also painted
716:performance artist
704:
629:Naked Man With Rat
600:brushes and evoke
594:Girl with a Kitten
586:Man with a Thistle
564:
555:, the daughter of
466:The Painter's Room
321:Lucian of Samosata
3577:
3576:
3360:Reality principle
3243:Sergei Pankejeff
3231:Bertha Pappenheim
2911:
2910:
2815:Jane McAdam Freud
2737:Portrait of Kitty
2586:978-3-7913-5332-6
2515:978-0-500-23875-2
2495:(Subscription or
2375:
2374:
2332:978-0-525-65767-5
2234:978-0-307-82235-2
2209:978-0-544-11459-3
2083:(Subscription or
1798:BLOUINARTINFO.COM
1600:"Freud's Animals"
1580:on 26 August 2014
1425:Irish Arts Review
979:), died in 2011.
870:Highgate Cemetery
490:abstract painting
435:Hadleigh, Suffolk
270:
269:
146:Portrait of Kitty
3737:
3499:(2020 TV series)
3365:Seduction theory
3301:Free association
3246:
3234:
3220:Irma's injection
3215:
3202:
2984:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2682:
2678:The Boston Globe
2658:
2580:
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2541:
2525:
2509:
2500:
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2266:
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2256:The Sunday Times
2248:
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1661:
1655:
1654:NPG, IV & 25
1652:
1646:
1636:
1630:
1622:
1616:
1598:Gayford, Martin
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1576:. Archived from
1570:
1564:
1550:
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1373:
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1323:Bryanston School
1311:
1305:
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1302:
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1289:Bryanston School
1277:
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1178:
1173:
1171:
1155:
1148:
923:, a portrait of
912:contemporary art
723:Henrietta Moraes
514:Robert Colquhoun
407:Bryanston School
341:Second World War
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
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292:
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224:
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195:
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176:Kathleen Epstein
130:
89:
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46:
36:
21:
20:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3690:Jewish painters
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3510:
3455:
3449:
3445:Religious views
3435:Neo-Freudianism
3369:
3343:Oedipus complex
3261:
3255:
3244:
3228:
3214:("Little Hans")
3213:
3200:
3187:
3077:
3007:Totem and Taboo
2978:
2947:
2942:
2912:
2907:
2904:(1969 painting)
2896:(1967 painting)
2868:
2783:
2724:
2719:
2656:
2605:
2494:
2357:
2351:External videos
2346:
2344:Further reading
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2149:Wayback Machine
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2059:
2049:
2047:
2046:. BLOUINARTINFO
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2020:
2011:
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2006:
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1922:, Siegen 2002,
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1671:Wayback Machine
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1607:Wayback Machine
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1518:NPG, "Etchings"
1517:
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1491:
1487:
1477:
1470:
1466:, London, 1976.
1464:Hayward Gallery
1457:
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1441:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1423:, Mic Moroney,
1421:Wayback Machine
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1239:The Independent
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1150:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1014:
969:Kathleen Garman
945:
882:
817:Hayward Gallery
691:
672:Lawrence Gowing
660:Mare Eating Hay
648:Double Portrait
561:Kathleen Garman
538:
518:Robert MacBryde
506:Michael Andrews
478:Patrick Swift's
470:Lefevre Gallery
458:The Glass Tower
415:
399:Dartington Hall
378:(thus uncle of
364:Weimar Republic
360:
289:
285:
275:
227:
226:
223: 1959)
214:
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194: 1952)
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3390:
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3386:complete works
3377:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
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3357:
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3348:Father complex
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3308:
3303:
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3296:
3286:
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3276:
3271:
3269:Psychoanalysis
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2867:
2866:
2863:Martha Bernays
2860:
2854:
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2845:Ernst L. Freud
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2603:External links
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2259:. 22 May 2005.
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646:(2005–06) and
627:(1951–52) and
537:
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502:Frank Auerbach
454:Nicholas Moore
441:, part of the
414:
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391:St John's Wood
368:Ernst L. Freud
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3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:Freudian slip
3418:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3336:Genital stage
3334:
3332:
3331:Latency stage
3329:
3327:
3326:Phallic stage
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3212:Herbert Graf
3210:
3208:
3207:Emma Eckstein
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:Medusa's Head
3172:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:On Narcissism
3126:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2945:Sigmund Freud
2939:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:(grandmother)
2864:
2861:
2859:(grandfather)
2858:
2857:Sigmund Freud
2855:
2852:
2851:Clement Freud
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2778:
2777:The Brigadier
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:After Cézanne
2766:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
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2723:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2697:
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2693:
2687:
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2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2570:0-500-27535-1
2567:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:1-55652-103-0
2544:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2531:0-500-09154-4
2528:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2472:0-8109-6267-5
2469:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2438:0-9503335-7-3
2435:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2422:9783775790437
2419:
2416:
2415:3-7757-9043-8
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:0-903598-66-3
2391:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2354:
2349:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2304:
2289:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2265:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2104:
2103:christies.com
2100:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2008:
1998:
1992:
1991:9783775790437
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1928:3-935874-03-0
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1901:0-903598-66-3
1898:
1894:
1888:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1848:
1842:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1763:Etching, Tate
1758:
1749:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:Edward Chaney
1549:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1504:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1439:
1433:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1378:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1351:
1344:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1294:
1290:
1286:
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1276:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:Jacob Epstein
962:
958:
954:
950:
943:Personal life
940:
938:
937:New York City
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:
920:The Brigadier
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
888:
877:
875:
872:. Archbishop
871:
862:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:Jake Auerbach
828:
824:
823:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
776:
775:After Cézanne
772:His painting
768:
765:, 1999–2000,
764:
763:After Cézanne
760:
756:
754:
750:
744:
742:
738:
734:
733:
728:
724:
720:
717:
713:
712:Francis Bacon
709:
701:
700:
695:
686:
682:
680:
675:
673:
667:
665:
661:
657:
656:Skewbald Mare
653:
649:
645:
644:Eli and David
641:
640:Guy and Speck
636:
634:
633:Edward Chaney
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:
577:Cedric Morris
573:
569:
568:Expressionism
562:
558:
557:Jacob Epstein
554:
550:
547:, 1951–1952,
546:
542:
533:
531:
527:
523:
522:Reginald Gray
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
498:Francis Bacon
495:
491:
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:Cedric Morris
420:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
384:Matthew Freud
381:
377:
376:Clement Freud
373:
372:Sigmund Freud
369:
365:
355:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
337:Merchant Navy
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:Sigmund Freud
314:
310:
304:
282:
278:
274:
266:
263:
259:
256:
253:
249:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
206:
199:
198:
177:
170:
169:
167:
163:
156:
155:
151:
148:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:Cedric Morris
135:
134:
132:
126:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
106:
104:
100:
95:
85:
81:
77:
73:
56:
52:
48:Freud in 2005
45:
40:
35:
31:
22:
19:
3675:Freud family
3543:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3430:Inner circle
3381:Bibliography
3306:Transference
3284:Preconscious
3192:Case studies
3179:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3135:
3127:
3119:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3021:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2980:
2975:
2966:
2958:
2899:
2891:
2880:Leigh Bowery
2833:Esther Freud
2797:Kitty Garman
2775:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2722:Lucian Freud
2721:
2676:
2645:The Observer
2644:
2631:including a
2611: at the
2595:
2576:
2560:
2552:
2537:
2522:Lucian Freud
2521:
2505:
2478:
2463:Lucian Freud
2462:
2453:
2444:
2428:
2402:
2399:Lauter, Rolf
2380:
2370:Smarthistory
2363:
2322:
2316:
2308:
2303:
2291:. Retrieved
2287:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2224:
2218:
2199:
2193:
2184:The Guardian
2182:
2176:
2167:The Guardian
2165:
2156:
2136:
2126:
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2102:
2093:
2066:
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2037:
2021:
2007:
1997:
1982:
1979:Lauter, Rolf
1974:
1962:. Retrieved
1958:
1948:
1934:
1919:
1916:Lucian Freud
1915:
1912:Lauter, Rolf
1907:
1887:
1871:
1868:Lauter, Rolf
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1819:
1812:The Guardian
1811:
1803:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1769:
1757:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1727:
1692:. Retrieved
1688:
1678:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1634:
1626:
1620:
1610:
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1578:the original
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1530:
1523:
1514:
1494:
1488:
1480:
1462:exhibition,
1459:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1432:
1424:
1409:
1404:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1354:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1318:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:the original
1284:
1275:
1264:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1237:
1212:. Retrieved
1206:
1196:
1183:
1175:
1168:. Retrieved
1157:
1146:
1107:, Fort Worth
1057:Museo Correr
1007:
999:Esther Freud
996:
981:
977:Wynne Godley
961:Kitty Garman
957:Lorna Garman
946:
929:British Army
918:
916:
903:
899:
885:
883:
867:
847:Museo Correr
843:Elizabeth II
839:Tate Britain
826:
820:
804:
800:
784:
773:
771:
762:
753:Turner Prize
745:
730:
719:Leigh Bowery
705:
697:
689:Later career
683:
678:
676:
668:
659:
658:(2004), and
655:
652:Grey Gelding
651:
647:
643:
639:
637:
628:
624:
622:
613:
606:
593:
590:Kitty Garman
585:
575:
565:
553:Kitty Garman
549:Tate Gallery
544:
536:Mature style
510:Leon Kossoff
482:
474:John Craxton
465:
457:
447:
416:
413:Early career
388:
361:
345:
272:
271:
265:Freud family
152:
144:
136:
129:Notable work
88:(2011-07-20)
86:20 July 2011
25:Lucian Freud
18:
3595:2011 deaths
3590:1922 births
3507:(2023 film)
3491:(2011 film)
3483:(2010 film)
3475:(1993 play)
3472:The Visitor
3467:(1962 film)
3408:1971 statue
3245:("Wolfman")
3201:(Ida Bauer)
2979:(including
2827:Bella Freud
2809:Annie Freud
2657:(in French)
2309:Vanity Fair
2288:Artnet News
2270:Vanity Fair
1852:19 November
1831:19 November
1584:19 November
1367:20 February
1333:20 February
1261:"No. 34708"
1117:2016–2021:
1087:, The Hague
1052:, Edinburgh
1022:Rolf Lauter
1003:Bella Freud
973:Annie Freud
949:John Minton
813:Rolf Lauter
642:(1980–81),
485:R. B. Kitaj
339:during the
3584:Categories
3569:Jofi (dog)
3456:depictions
3321:Anal stage
3316:Oral stage
3294:censorship
2960:On Aphasia
2886:Sue Tilley
2841:(daughter)
2839:Susie Boyt
2835:(daughter)
2829:(daughter)
2821:Paul Freud
2817:(daughter)
2811:(daughter)
2805:(2nd wife)
2799:(1st wife)
2667:Video 2010
2633:room guide
2579:. Prestel.
2499:required.)
2108:9 February
2087:required.)
1964:4 February
1880:0642541477
1870:; (2001).
1730:. London.
1638:NPG, VII;
1538:9 February
1138:References
1105:The Modern
1080:, New York
1066:, New York
1033:, New York
992:Celia Paul
953:homosexual
951:were in a
933:Christie's
904:Boy's Head
896:Christie's
892:Sue Tilley
880:Art market
737:Christie's
727:Sue Tilley
592:, such as
572:Surrealism
401:School in
348:surrealism
64:1922-12-08
3415:Interment
3289:Ego ideal
3238:"Rat Man"
3225:"Anna O."
3018:(1916–17)
2981:On Dreams
2853:(brother)
2748:(1960–61)
2740:(1948–49)
2729:Paintings
2366:, 1988–89
1761:NPG, 33;
1319:Bryanston
908:Sotheby's
829:director
755:in 1989.
749:Kate Moss
456:entitled
352:impastoed
261:Relatives
149:(1948–49)
102:Education
96:, England
3454:Cultural
3393:Archives
3262:concepts
3260:Original
3092:" (1896)
2847:(father)
2401:(2000),
2145:Archived
2050:23 April
2030:BBC News
1943:in 1988.
1914: :
1895:, 1997.
1732:Archived
1667:Archived
1644:, 1988-9
1603:Archived
1417:Archived
1412:1951" –
1361:Archived
1164:Archived
1121:, Dublin
1073:, Dublin
1059:, Venice
1020:Curator
984:Guinness
884:In 2008
851:Biennale
654:(2003),
232:Children
3374:Related
3199:"Dora"
2888:(model)
2882:(model)
2873:Related
2590:"NPG",
2465:. Tate.
2293:9 March
2002:Berlin.
1981:(ed.):
1738:22 July
1694:22 July
1509:NPG, II
1444:16 July
1299:25 July
1245:19 June
1214:22 July
1170:8 March
1094:, Paris
927:in his
910:London
827:Omnibus
822:Omnibus
618:etching
610:impasto
580:(1940,
225:
213:
209:
196:
184:
180:
165:Spouses
76:Germany
3516:Family
3279:Libido
3227:
3184:(1928)
3176:(1922)
3170:(1920)
3162:(1918)
3154:(1916)
3146:(1915)
3140:(1914)
3132:(1914)
3124:(1910)
3116:(1908)
3108:(1907)
3100:(1905)
3082:Essays
3074:(1939)
3066:(1930)
3058:(1927)
3050:(1926)
3042:(1923)
3034:(1921)
3026:(1917)
3010:(1913)
3002:(1905)
2994:(1901)
2986:(1899)
2971:(1895)
2963:(1891)
2789:Family
2780:(2004)
2772:(2000)
2764:(1995)
2756:(1963)
2613:Art UK
2598:, 2012
2584:
2568:
2545:
2529:
2513:
2493:
2470:
2436:
2420:
2413:
2392:
2329:
2231:
2206:
2081:
1989:
1926:
1918:, in:
1899:
1878:
1824:Tate.
1781:14 May
1752:NPG, V
1689:People
1640:Tate,
1625:Tate,
1612:Apollo
1493:Tate,
1479:Tate,
1427:, 2007
1130:2022:
1124:2019:
1114:, Wien
1110:2013:
1103:2012:
1097:2012:
1090:2010:
1083:2008:
1076:2008:
1069:2007:
1062:2006:
1055:2005:
1048:2004:
1042:2003:
1036:2000:
1029:1994:
787:Kendal
520:, and
431:Dedham
403:Totnes
395:Nazism
333:London
325:Nazism
309:Berlin
251:Father
243:, and
241:Esther
157:(1995)
141:(1940)
94:London
72:Berlin
3496:Freud
3425:Humor
2952:Books
2823:(son)
664:linen
598:sable
279:
245:Bella
237:Annie
215:(
211:
186:(
182:
32:
2647:2006
2615:site
2582:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2543:ISBN
2527:ISBN
2511:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2434:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2411:ISBN
2390:ISBN
2327:ISBN
2295:2024
2229:ISBN
2204:ISBN
2110:2019
2052:2008
1987:ISBN
1966:2020
1924:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1854:2016
1833:2016
1783:2008
1740:2011
1696:2011
1586:2016
1540:2019
1446:2019
1369:2012
1335:2012
1301:2011
1247:2010
1216:2011
1172:2020
710:and
559:and
382:and
380:Emma
221:div.
192:div.
83:Died
54:Born
2485:doi
2073:doi
994:.
935:in
528:of
429:in
3586::
2675:.
2405:,
2383:.
2368:,
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