551:
convinced to surrender, with even
Afranius' own son attempting to negotiate a surrender. Soon after this, several Caesarian troops were found to have wandered into the Republican camp. Afranius and Petreius ordered their execution. At the same time, several Republican troops had been seen wandering about in Caesar's camp. Caesar ordered these men treated with respect and sent back to Afranius.
307:
routed the enemy and
Afranius pursued them into their camp. Afranius' soldiers caused a great many casualties and began looting the enemy camp and supply train. Meanwhile, Pompey had been routed by Sertorius, and the looting forces of Afranius were attacked by the victorious Sertorians. It was only the timely arrival of
560:
wild beasts, we are prevented from procuring water, and prevented from walking abroad; and are not able to bear the bodily pain or the mental disgrace: we confess ourselves vanquished: and beg and entreat, if there is any room left for mercy, that we should not be necessitated to suffer the most severe penalties.
559:
Caesar ought not to be displeased either with me or my soldiers, for wishing to preserve our attachment to our general, Gnaeus Pompey. We have now sufficiently discharged our duty to him, and have suffered punishment enough, in having endured the want of every necessity: but now, pent up almost like
539:
Afranius found out that a large supply convoy was approaching Caesar from Gaul, and he set out to attack and capture it. Though he failed to capture it, he did force the convoy to retreat. Afranius and
Petreius sent dispatches to Rome claiming victory, and announcing that the war was all but over.
306:
in 75 BC. Sertorius attacked Pompey's left wing, which was under
Afranius' command. Afranius held until Sertorius' attention was drawn away by Pompey's attack into Sertorius' own left. When Sertorius moved his forces to counter this, Afranius led an attack against the Sertorian right. This attack
550:
Over the next weeks, Afranius attempted unsuccessfully to deal with the
Caesarian harassment. Several siegeworks were begun by both Caesarian and Republican troops. Caesar states that during this time, the adversaries were so close that they could talk to each other. The republican troops were
546:
force over to
Afranius' side of the river. The cavalry set about harassing Afranius' supply lines, even annihilating a unit of republican reinforcements. Caesar constructed a bridge and began to harass Afranius' forces with his whole army. At the same time, several Iberian rulers pledged their
538:
Afranius ordered the fortification of the small hill which the battle had been fought over. Over the next few days the river flooded, destroying the bridges and leaving Caesar stranded without food on the opposite side of the river from
Afranius, who had a large stockpile of food and supplies.
529:
in an attack. Afranius' soldiers retreated inside the town. There followed a see-saw battle lasting several hours, with neither side gaining advantage. The battle ended with roughly equal casualties, with both
Afranius and Caesar counting the battle as a victory. The armies returned to their
331:
chose to cultivate his links with the Roman aristocracy by appointing only men of distinguished family. After the success of this campaign, however, Pompey was given the command in the east and appointed
Afranius as his legate for this new campaign. After the initial successes against
554:
When
Afranius' men saw Caesar's clemency, their mind was made up. Caesar's forces stepped up the harassment of Afranius' troops, and soon food levels were low. Afranius, realising the situation, surrendered to Caesar. According to Caesar's commentaries, these were his words:
487:, where Afranius' force, now joined with Petreius' legions, was encamped. When two of Fabius' legions marched out to protect foragers and crossed the Segre, the bridge gave way, cutting off the small force. Afranius marched out to engage this smaller force, but
510:
During his time in Iberia, Afranius had trained his legions to use a loose order formation, similar to that used so successfully by the Celtiberians and Lusitani. Caesar mentions the effectiveness of this formation in his
518:
Caesar attempted to build a wall separating Afranius' camp from the town of Ilerda. Afranius, seeing this, sent his army out to deploy on a small hill near the construction area. Caesar's men attacked, but Afranius'
491:, the Caesarian commander, formed up his legions on a rise with a good defence. Despite the size of Afranius' force, Plancus held. The approach of Caesarian reinforcements commanded by Fabius ended the engagement.
507:. Afranius followed. Both forces encamped, but Afranius declined Caesar's challenge to battle. Caesar encamped his forces less than half a mile from Afranius' camp, which was constructed on a hill.
382:
After his second victory over Mithridates, Pompey realised that pursuing him was futile and instead invested forces to defend Pontus from Mithridates' return. Afranius was given command against the
641:(a Roman mercenary commander working for Bocchus). After holding them for several days, the troops guarding them mutinied and killed all the leading Republican prisoners, including Afranius.
581:
charged Afranius with betraying his army. Despite this, Afranius, along with Petreius, broke his word to Caesar, embarked with as many loyal troops as he could gather and sailed for
268:. As a Picentine, he was favoured during his career by Pompey, who was a scion of Picenum's most distinguished family. Afranius probably served under Pompey's father
406:, Pompey began bribing the electors lavishly. Despite public knowledge and disapproval of this, Afranius was elected consul in 60, his consular colleague being
319:
Despite the unprecedented size of Pompey's corps of legates—he received the right to appoint 24 of these senior adjutants—for his scourge of the
462:
371:
36) asserts that Afranius marched against the Parthians, drove them out of Armenia, and pursued them as far as the district of Arbela (modern
618:
589:
Cohorts were greatly appreciated by the Republicans, and he was welcomed back into the Republican fold. Afranius took no active command at
410:. During this year, his actions showed a lack of understanding and ability in the management of the civil matters demanded by the office.
402:
After his victorious campaign in the East, Pompey returned to Rome, and Afranius followed. Wishing to have his loyal legate elected as
827:
564:
Caesar pardoned all the Republicans, Afranius included—on the proviso that they did not join up with the Republicans still at large.
896:
626:
891:
906:
866:
786:(Vol 3:1), 21–99. Edited by Ehsan Yarshater. London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, and Sydney: Cambridge University Press.
871:
861:
808:
901:
876:
476:
Afranius, with his three legions, was in possession of the passes. Afranius ordered Petreius, in command of two legions in
791:
776:
819:
597:, though he was no doubt there. After the Republican defeat at Pharsalus, Afranius, like most Republicans, fled to
407:
351:
Pompey left Armenia under the military supervision of Afranius. Looking to take advantage of a defeated neighbour,
480:, to march for the Pyrenees to combine their forces. Varro was to remain in further Iberia with his two legions.
308:
812:
345:
633:
the dictator, gathered some of the survivors of Thapsus and started to pillage eastern Mauretania (its king,
186:
617:. Upon seeing the treason of Afranius, Caesar ordered his execution upon sight. Afranius then fought under
838:
273:
141:
598:
488:
352:
512:
500:
444:
269:
856:
363:(XXXVII, 5), Afranius retook the district without a conflict with Phraates' forces. However,
249:
245:
168:
163:
523:
almost led to their defeat, with Afranius being pushed back only when Caesar personally led
277:
146:
8:
191:
341:
787:
772:
622:
428:
337:
299:
253:
196:
886:
881:
525:
520:
233:
181:
172:
707:
638:
440:
303:
156:
614:
333:
229:
110:
850:
834:
782:
Bivar, A.D.H. (1983). "The Political History of Iran Under the Arsacids," in
451:
324:
289:
241:
151:
470:
447:, governed in his stead, Pompey remaining in Rome to manage affairs there.
403:
295:
87:
20:
483:
Fabius, reinforced with three additional veteran legions, advanced to the
578:
484:
390:, and his victory against them cleared the way for Pompey's advance into
360:
634:
590:
456:
294:
Afranius served as a legate under Pompey during his campaigns against
542:
Despite this, Caesar constructed boats and transported a part of his
499:
Caesar himself arrived to take command of Fabius' force. He left six
477:
436:
609:
After Caesar landed in Africa Province, his forces were harassed by
610:
586:
466:
432:
424:
364:
356:
225:
594:
543:
503:
to command the bridge and marched with the rest of his force for
265:
237:
128:
91:
699:
582:
504:
387:
383:
328:
320:
118:
630:
613:
light troops commanded by Afranius and his fellow Picentine,
391:
372:
221:
114:
637:, was allied to Caesar). They were ambushed and captured by
691:
376:
465:
to march on Iberia and to secure the passes through the
348:, Pompey began to pursue the defeated enemy northwards.
662:
Philip Matyszak, Sertorius and the struggle for Spain
673:Bivar (1983), p. 47; see footnote #1; John Leach,
264:Lucius Afranius was born into a humble family in
248:and remained in his service right through to the
848:
397:
771:(2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
327:, Afranius did not number amongst them, as his
379:) within the borders of the Parthian Empire.
359:and began pillaging. According to historian
311:which turned the tide in Pompey's favour.
302:in Spain. He played a pivotal role at the
533:
849:
572:
809:Marcus Pupius Piso Frugi Calpurnianus
418:
761:
469:. Fabius was given command of three
276:and under Pompey himself during the
252:. He died in Africa right after the
13:
720:
567:
439:province, Afranius, together with
19:For other men named Afranius, see
16:Roman consul in 60 BC (died 46 BC)
14:
918:
757:Plutarch – Pompey; Sertorius
625:. After the defeat, Afranius and
828:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer
408:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer
283:
309:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius
259:
907:People of the Mithridatic Wars
867:Senators of the Roman Republic
813:Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger
680:
667:
650:
431:, comprising modern Spain and
314:
1:
784:The Cambridge History of Iran
644:
398:Return to Rome and consulship
897:People of Caesar's civil war
872:Ancient Roman murder victims
862:1st-century BC Roman consuls
413:
7:
902:People of the Sertorian War
892:People of Sulla's civil war
877:Roman governors of Hispania
547:support to Caesar's cause.
10:
923:
604:
287:
42:Cossignano, Picenum, Italy
18:
839:Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
831:
817:
805:
800:
494:
211:
207:
134:
124:
106:
101:
97:
83:
75:
67:
63:Killed in prisoner mutiny
59:
47:
35:
28:
577:In the Republican camp,
423:When Pompey was granted
236:. He served Pompey as a
767:Seager, Robin (2002).
737:i – XXXVII–LXXXVII
627:Faustus Cornelius Sulla
489:Lucius Munatius Plancus
353:Phraates III of Parthia
224:) was an ancient Roman
562:
513:Civil War Commentaries
461:he ordered his legate
445:Marcus Terentius Varro
270:Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo
79:General and Politician
557:
454:marched on Rome with
164:Third Mithridatic War
712:de viris illustribus
534:Stalemate and defeat
187:Siege of Dyrrhachium
573:Disgrace and return
355:invaded Armenia at
192:Battle of Pharsalus
60:Cause of death
801:Political offices
747:Dio Cassius XXXVII
530:respective camps.
419:Legate in Hispania
346:Kingdom of Armenia
342:Tigranes the Great
169:Caesar's Civil War
845:
844:
832:Succeeded by
762:Secondary sources
623:Battle of Thapsus
300:Quintus Sertorius
254:Battle of Thapsus
246:eastern campaigns
242:Iberian campaigns
215:
214:
197:Battle of Thapsus
147:Sulla's civil war
914:
806:Preceded by
798:
797:
769:Pompey the Great
715:
684:
678:
677:, p.83 and p.86.
675:Pompey the Great
671:
665:
654:
585:and Pompey. His
234:Pompey the Great
182:Battle of Ilerda
177:
102:Military service
26:
25:
922:
921:
917:
916:
915:
913:
912:
911:
847:
846:
841:
837:
825:
823:
815:
811:
764:
723:
721:Primary sources
718:
708:Aurelius Victor
688:De bello Africo
685:
681:
672:
668:
655:
651:
647:
639:Publius Sittius
619:Metellus Scipio
607:
575:
570:
568:Road to Thapsus
536:
497:
441:Marcus Petreius
421:
416:
400:
317:
304:battle of Sucro
292:
286:
262:
218:Lucius Afranius
203:
173:
157:Battle of Sucro
117:
113:
90:
55:
52:
43:
40:
31:
30:Lucius Afranius
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
920:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
843:
842:
833:
830:
816:
807:
803:
802:
796:
795:
780:
763:
760:
759:
758:
755:
748:
745:
738:
735:Bellum Civilis
731:
728:Bellum Civilis
722:
719:
717:
716:
679:
666:
658:Life of Pompey
648:
646:
643:
615:Titus Labienus
606:
603:
574:
571:
569:
566:
535:
532:
496:
493:
420:
417:
415:
412:
399:
396:
334:Mithradates VI
316:
313:
288:Main article:
285:
282:
261:
258:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
202:
201:
200:
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194:
189:
184:
166:
161:
160:
159:
149:
144:
138:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
111:Roman Republic
108:
104:
103:
99:
98:
95:
94:
88:Consul (60 BC)
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
919:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
840:
836:
835:Julius Caesar
829:
822:
821:
814:
810:
804:
799:
793:
792:0-521-20092-X
789:
785:
781:
778:
777:0-631-22721-0
774:
770:
766:
765:
756:
753:
749:
746:
743:
739:
736:
732:
729:
725:
724:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
683:
676:
670:
664:, pp.122-123.
663:
659:
653:
649:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
602:
600:
596:
592:
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584:
580:
565:
561:
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531:
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508:
506:
502:
492:
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486:
481:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
458:
453:
452:Julius Caesar
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
411:
409:
405:
395:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
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347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
326:
325:Mediterranean
322:
312:
310:
305:
301:
297:
291:
290:Sertorian War
284:Sertorian War
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
257:
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235:
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152:Sertorian War
150:
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139:
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130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
76:Occupation(s)
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
46:
38:
34:
27:
22:
857:46 BC deaths
820:Roman consul
818:
783:
768:
752:Bello Afric.
751:
741:
734:
727:
711:
703:
695:
692:Titus Livius
687:
682:
674:
669:
661:
657:
652:
608:
576:
563:
558:
553:
549:
541:
537:
524:
517:
509:
498:
482:
475:
463:Gaius Fabius
455:
449:
422:
401:
381:
368:
350:
318:
293:
263:
260:Early career
217:
216:
174:
135:Battles/wars
21:Afrania gens
750:(Hirtius,)
579:Atius Rufus
515:(I. XLIV).
485:River Segre
437:proconsular
361:Cassius Dio
315:Mithridates
272:during the
240:during his
68:Nationality
851:Categories
744:i. XVI. XX
656:Plutarch,
645:References
635:Bocchus II
591:Dyrrachium
457:legio XIII
298:supporter
274:Social War
256:in 46 BC.
142:Social War
107:Allegiance
54:Mauretania
629:, son of
595:Pharsalus
587:Hispanian
478:Lusitania
414:Civil War
323:from the
278:Civil War
250:Civil War
740:Cicero,
733:Caesar,
726:Appian,
706:, 75.3;
696:Perioche
686:Caesar,
611:Numidian
526:legio IX
467:Pyrenees
433:Portugal
425:Hispania
384:Arabians
365:Plutarch
357:Corduene
226:plebeian
887:Picenum
882:Afranii
742:ad Att.
714:, 78.9.
698:, 114;
621:at the
605:Thapsus
544:cavalry
521:tactics
501:cohorts
471:legions
435:) as a
344:of the
321:pirates
266:Picenum
175:†
39:unknown
790:
775:
704:Caesar
700:Sueton
690:, 95;
660:, 18;
599:Africa
583:Epirus
505:Ilerda
495:Ilerda
429:Iberia
404:consul
388:Amanus
369:Pompey
338:Pontus
329:patron
296:Marian
244:, his
238:legate
230:client
228:and a
220:(died
171:
129:Legate
119:Pompey
92:Legate
84:Office
826:with
824:60 BC
754:– XCV
631:Sulla
450:When
392:Syria
373:Erbil
222:46 BC
115:Sulla
71:Roman
51:46 BC
788:ISBN
773:ISBN
443:and
377:Iraq
340:and
125:Rank
48:Died
36:Born
593:or
386:of
336:of
232:of
853::
730:II
710:,
702:,
694:,
601:.
473:.
394:.
375:,
280:.
794:.
779:.
459:,
427:(
367:(
23:.
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